Short-circuit Characteristics Research Articles

Waveform differential based pilot protection for transmission line connected to renewable energy sources

Affected by the control objectives of the inverter, the short-circuit characteristics of renewable energy sources are quite different from those of traditional synchronous generators. As a result, the performance of traditional protection is degraded, and may lead to mis-operation and rejection, posing hazards for the safety of the power grid. In this research, the fault characteristics of renewable energy sources and traditional synchronous generators are analyzed and compared. Then, according to the difference between the fault transient current waveforms of two power sources, a pilot protection principle based on Canberra distance is proposed. Considering the phase angle error and amplitude error during normal operation, the protection constant is theoretically set to 0.35. Simulations and field experiments show that the protection principle reliably distinguishes the faults inside and outside the zone in different scenarios. The protection is less affected by short-circuit current amplitude and abnormal data, because the numerator of Canberra distance signifies the difference between the transient current waveforms and denominator normalizes the difference. In addition, the Canberra distance is 1 when the output of renewable energy sources is 0, so the proposed protection is also applicable to the scenario where the renewable energy sources output is 0.

Research on Pilot Protection for Tie Line of Renewable Energy Sources

With the continuous increase in the proportion, renewable energy sources have brought great challenges to the traditional protection based on fundamental frequency, due to their complex short-circuit current characteristics which are different from synchronous generators. As the main protection of the tie line (outgoing line) of the renewable energy station, the differential protection will also be seriously affected in terms of its operation performance, and even the operation failure or maloperation may occur in some cases. This paper proposes a new principle of pilot protection based on cosine similarity comparison by analyzing the fault characteristics of renewable energy sources. With the full current as the main criterion and the current fault component as the auxiliary criterion, this principle comprehensively utilizes the time domain information of the current on both sides of the line to improve the protection sensitivity. At the same time, a method of capacitive current compensation for the sampling value is proposed according to the algorithm characteristics of similarity comparison, to prevent the protection maloperation in the case of external faults. The simulation results show that, compared with the existing pilot protection based on similarity comparison, the new protection principle proposed in this paper has good engineering application value by identifying internal and external faults in a more reliable and sensitive manner.

Model Evaluation and Analysis for Multi-topology Lithium Battery Pack External Short Circuit Characteristics

Model Evaluation and Analysis for Multi-topology Lithium Battery Pack External Short Circuit Characteristics

Study on Short-circuit current interruption characteristics of Double-break fast vacuum circuit breaker within the minimum arcing time

It is significant for circuit breakers to expel a short-circuit fault in a short time for the new power grid with high proportional photovoltaic or wind power plants to achieve high transient operating stability. Compared with a traditional circuit breaker, a fast vacuum circuit breaker (FVCB), operated by an electromagnetic repulsion actuator, has an extremely shorter opening time and lower deviation in their opening times. This potentially contributes the FVCBs to interrupting a short-circuit fault current in the first half-wave when introducing a controlled switching technology. Meanwhile, it is beneficial to improve the short-circuit current breaking capacity of the FVCBs by adopting series-connected double-break circuit breaker technologies. This paper aims to explore short-circuit current interruption characteristics of a double-break FVCB within the minimum arcing time. We performed a series of short-circuit current interruption tests in a Weil synthetic test circuit. Two series-connected FVCBs and independent single-break FVCBs were used. Three different kinds of opening velocities were adopted for each of the FVCBs. Results showed that the increase in opening velocity resulted in both a decrease in the minimum arcing time and the critical arc extinguishing contact gap, whether for the single-break or the double-break interruption tests. The ratio of the shared voltage on each of the series-connected FVCBs was about 54 (for the break on the high-voltage side) and 9 (for the break on the low-voltage side). Taking the break with a shorter opening time as a break in the high-voltage side could reduce the minimum arcing time and the critical arc extinguishing contact gap. At the same opening velocity, the sum of the critical arc extinguishing contact gap of the two breaks in double-break interruption tests was significantly higher than twice the critical arc extinguishing contact gap in the single-break interruption tests. This could be caused by the fact that in double-break interruption tests, after the breakdown of one break, even if the break restored insulation, could not share the transient recovery voltage (TRV) before the break broke down. In addition, the sudden drop of TRV without breakdown occurred for the break on the high-voltage side might correlate with the micro-discharge of the vacuum gap. The interaction of the charged particles with the electrode surface would be responsible for the formation and evolution of the micro-discharge in some successful interruption cases.

Short-Circuit Characteristics and High-Current Induced Oscillations in a 1200-V/80-mΩ Normally-Off SiC/GaN Cascode Device

A normally- <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</small> SiC-JFET/GaN-HEMT cascode device is recently proposed, featuring a cascode configuration that incorporates a high-voltage (HV, e.g., 1200 V) silicon-carbide (SiC) junction field effect transistor (JFET) delivering the HV blocking capability and a low-voltage (LV) enhanced-mode (E-mode) gallium-nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) providing the normally- <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</small> gate control. This all-wide-bandgap device exhibits superior thermal stability and high switching speed compared to its counterparts, e.g., the SiC/Si cascode device. In this article, we study short-circuit (SC) characteristics of a 1200-V/80-mΩ SiC/GaN cascode device by considering the interactions between the SiC and GaN devices. The single-event SC withstand time (SCWT) of the demonstrated SiC/GaN cascode device is tested to be ∼3 <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</i> s under a dc-bus voltage ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dc</sub> ) of 600 V when the turn- <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</small> gate voltage ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G-<small>on</small></sub> ) is set to 5 V. The SC failure occurs due to the formation of hot spots induced by thermal-runaway leakage currents inside the SiC JFET. The SCWT of the cascode device could be improved by applying a moderate <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G-<small>on</small></sub> (e.g., SCWT = ∼6.5 <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</i> s at <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G-<small>on</small></sub> = 3.5 V under <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <small>v</small> </i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dc</sub> = 600 V) without affecting the <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</small> -state resistance ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <small>r</small> </i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <small>on</small></sub> ). However, it is identified that current oscillations tend to be triggered during the SC period when <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G-<small>on</small></sub> is too low (e.g., lower than 3 V). The oscillation behavior is attributed to the energy stored in the interconnection parts between the SiC and GaN devices. The harmful oscillations could be suppressed by applying higher <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G-<small>on</small></sub> , which drives the SiC JFET into low-transconductance mode by modulating the drain-to-source voltage ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS-G</sub> ) of the LV GaN HEMT.

Stator current identification in generator among single and composite faults composed by static air‐gap eccentricity and rotor inter‐turn short circuit

In this study, a fault diagnosis model based on magnetic density is proposed to analyse the current characteristics of synchronous generator rotor inter-turn short circuit and air gap eccentric single fault and composite fault. The model considers the influence of rotor inter-turn short circuit and air gap eccentricity on air gap magnetic density. According to two main factors, the short circuit turns and eccentric distance, are used to reflect the short circuit and eccentricity of the generator. The detailed parameter input model of the generator can easily and quickly predict the development trend of these current parameters based on the air gap magnetic density. And the phase current is selected as the current parameter. The validity of the proposed model is verified by two-dimensional finite element analysis and experimental research.

Analysis of Short-Circuit and Dielectric Recovery Characteristics of Molded Case Circuit Breaker according to External Environment

A molded case circuit breaker (MCCB) is one of the most important factors for safety to protect a load from overcurrent in a power distribution system. MCCB, which is mainly installed in switchboards and distribution boxes, may be affected by external temperatures and magnetic fields, but the above factors are still excluded from product standards and performance evaluation. This paper is the result of experimenting and studying the negative effects of these external temperatures and external magnetic fields on MCCB with short-circuit characteristic and dielectric recovery strength. As a result of temperature, it can be found that both short-circuit characteristic and dielectric recovery strength change linearly in accordance with the external temperature. The ratio of the values of 35 °C to 25 °C and 45 °C to 25 °C show the following results. t10, t21, and t32 are 1.58, 1.53, and 1.79, respectively, in short-circuit characteristics and ti, tm, and tl are 1.59, 1.69, and 1.53, respectively, in dielectric recovery strength. Depending on the external magnetic field, the short-circuit characteristics decreased by 8.56% only in the t21 period. The dielectric recovery strength decreases by 4.92% in the initial section (ti) and 14.45% in the later section (tl), respectively. It has been confirmed that the external magnetic field interferes with the emission of hot gas.

Design Considerations of Magnet Configurations in Interior Permanent Magnet Machines for High-Speed Traction Applications: A Comprehensive Study

This article presents a comprehensive comparison and the design considerations of three magnet configurations in interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines for high-speed traction applications. The study investigates single-V, double-V, and single-U magnet configurations. A multiphysic multiobjective optimization is used to enhance the three machines, which are designed with a constraint to fit in the same housing and have the same torque-speed curve. The optimized configurations are then compared with respect to multiple performance indices according to common design criteria for traction motors, including no-load characteristics, short circuit characteristics, demagnetization, torque, efficiency, loss distributions, continuous performance, and magnet volume. The study presents how multiphysics design requirements affect the selection of magnet configurations: a single-V rotor configuration can be selected to have the lowest magnet usage as well as high torque density; while the double-V design is suitable for noise-sensitive, high-efficiency applications but requires a rotor-cooling system; and the single-U design is a good candidate for managing tradeoffs among the other options while maintaining a high degree of freedom in the design.

Analysis of Characteristics of Low Voltage Circuit Breaker by External Magnetic Field

Recently, as interest in eco-friendly distributed power has increased, studies on the improvement of the performance of breakers such as DC breakers and on the reliability of existing AC breakers have been actively conducted. To improve the performance and reliability of these breakers, this paper conducted the analysis of characteristics of a low voltage circuit breaker using an external magnetic field. In this experiment, before the current-zero point, the cut-off time to improve the breaker performance is shortened and after the current-zero point, re-ignition, which is associated with reliability, is suppressed. According to the experimental results, the short-circuit characteristics before current-zero show a significant difference of 0.13 ms in the t21 section, and the dielectric recovery strength after current-zero shows a 13.3% performance improvement in the latter half of the DRV (dielectric recovery voltage) V-t curve. This result has significant meaning because it can be easily improved under the control of the external magnetic field. Hence, it can be applied to the interruption performance improvement of breakers through detailed research in the future.

N-buffer design and optimization in 4500V class IGBT

In this paper, the effects of doping structure of multi-proton injection (MPI) buffer layer on static and short circuit characteristics of IGBT were studied, and the relationship between donor concentration of the buffer layer and injection dose and annealing temperature was studied. The MPI buffer layer suitable for 4500V IGBT was optimized by comparative experiments. This MPI buffer layer can solve the problem of high-temperature activation of the traditional IGBT buffer layer and lower thermal budget and can be fabricated on large wafers for better parameter consistency.

Fault characteristics analysis of DFIGWT in whole LVRT process considering control strategy switching between RSC and Crowbar

In order to address the relaying protection issues of the full renewable energy grid, the fault characteristics of the DFIGWT in whole LVRT process should be studied. Currently, researches on fault characteristics of DFIGWT considering crowbar generally assume that crowbar is activated at the moment of fault. However, in fact, the DFIGWT’s fault current characteristics are mainly affected by both (rotor-side converter) RSC and crowbar. The crowbar does not act instantaneously at the moment of fault due to the control system. The DFIGWT is mainly controlled by the RSC before the crowbar is activated. In this paper, the fault process was divided into two stages, namely RSC control stage and crowbar activating stage. The fault characteristics of DFIGWT were analyzed at RSC control stage. Then, the activation time of crowbar was obtained, especially the activation of crowbar due to over-voltage of DC bus was considered. The last values of stator and rotor flux linkages at the first stage were calculated and used as the initial values of the stator and rotor flux linkages at the second stage. Then, the analytical expressions of rotor flux linkage were deduced by Laplace and inverse Laplace transformations. Based on this, the fault mechanism of DFIGWT is resolved and analytical expression of DFIGWT’s short circuit characteristics considering whole LVRT process was proposed. The expression of DFIGWT’s fault current characteristics was verified by the simulation results.The research results are helpful to the construction of relaying protection system for a full-renewable-based system.

Design and Analysis of Hybrid Excitation Generators for Aircraft Applications Under Limiting Open-Circuit Voltage

A hybrid excitation generator is proposed as a brushless solution for aircraft low-voltage dc power system applications. This topology distinguishes itself from the commonly used electrically excited generator in aircraft power systems because it features an open-circuit voltage without field current. This feature is an advantage, but it also includes a risk. As a too high open-circuit voltage has detrimental influences on the generation system, the limitation of this open-circuit voltage needs to be guaranteed at all times. The key design parameters, such as the slot–pole combination, stack length, and number of turns of the armature winding, are determined to make sure that generators meet the open-circuit voltage limitation. These key design parameters also influence the inductance characteristics of the generator and put consequences on the load characteristics thereby. Therefore, this article also analyzes the load and short-circuit characteristics of these hybrid excitation generators as a function of these parameters. Theoretical deduction and simulation are conducted to reveal the influence law of the parameters on the performance of the hybrid excitation generator under the limitation of open-circuit voltage. A 12300-r/min 12-kW prototype is developed. The experiments verify the analysis and show that the hybrid excitation generator is appropriate for aircraft applications.

Safety Assessment for External Short Circuit of Li-Ion Battery in ESS Application Based on Operation and Environment Factors

In recent years, the demand for medium and large secondary batteries in EV (electric vehicle) and ESS (energy storage systems) applications has been rapidly increasing worldwide, and accordingly, the market size is increasing exponentially. However, the recent fire accidents related to secondary batteries for EVs and ESS are having a negative impact on the battery market. Therefore, this paper implements an accident simulation device to perform an external short-circuit test, one of the typical safety tests for NMC-series prismatic and pouch-type batteries that are widely used among battery cells used in medium and large secondary batteries. The implemented accident simulation device for the external short-circuit test is composed of short-circuit resistance, measuring device, control device, etc., and is configured to analyze external short-circuit characteristics according to various test conditions. Based on this, an external short-circuit test according to the type, short-circuit resistance and SOC (states of charge) of the lithium-ion battery was performed to confirm the current and temperature characteristics according to each condition. As a result of performing an external short-circuit test for each protection device in the battery module and preprocessing temperature, it is certain that the module fuse operates over 120 times faster than the cell fuse based on the same SOC conditions, and the quantity of electric charge in the module fuse is over 110 times smaller than of the cell fuse in the case of a short-circuit fault. It is also found that the highest and lowest preprocessing temperatures are considered to be severe conditions. Based on the proposed mechanism of an external short circuit in a Li-ion battery and the test device for the external short circuit, it is confirmed that this paper can contribute to the safety assessment of Li-ion battery-based ESS.

Study on Fault Characteristics of Layer Short Circuit of Dry-Type Air-Core Series Reactor

Aiming at the layer short circuit fault of dry-type air-core series reactor winding, in order to reveal the characteristics of electrical parameters when the fault occurs and improve the accuracy of online detection, this paper uses ANSYS Maxwell software to study the changes of electrical parameters when the layer short circuit fault occurs in dry-type air-core series reactor. The changes of equivalent resistance, equivalent reactance, and power factor are simulated and analyzed when the layer short circuit fault occurs in normal operation and different positions of winding. The simulation results show that with the different locations of layer short circuit fault points, the variation laws of electrical parameters of reactors are also different, in which the variation amplitude of power factor is obvious and the variation trend is consistent, which can provide important theoretical support for the online detection and protection of layer short circuit fault of dry-type air-core series reactors.

Systematic Analysis and Characterization of Extreme Failure for IGCT in MMC-HVdc System—Part II: Failure Mechanism and Short Circuit Characteristics

Short circuit failure mode (SCFM) of integrated gate commutated thyristor (IGCT) under extreme failure is of vital importance in high voltage direct current power transmission based on modular multilevel converter technology. Due to the sealing housing package of IGCT, the short circuit mechanism is hard to be clarified. Considering this limitation, the current density changes in IGCT with different failure modes are studied under different current levels in a built integrated test system with the placed magnetic sensor array and thermal couple array. Then, the short circuit mechanism of failed IGCT is proposed based on the experimental results. IGCT with turn-<small>off</small> failure performs self-triggering effect due to the focused short current and increased temperature in the initial destruction area, which is usually located in a single position of the outer cathode rings. While IGCT with surge current failure shares the short current among multiple initial destruction areas, which are usually distributed evenly in the wafer area. Scanning electron microscope picture and energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis show that the formed conducting alloy has spread into the molybdenum plate deeply and the phenomenon of atom diffusion (molybdenum, silicon and aluminum) near the interface is observed. Finally, long term short circuit tests of more than 12&#x00A0;h with both turn-<small>off</small> failure and surge current failure under 3000&#x00A0;A prove the stable SCFM of IGCT.

An Optimal Design for 1.2kV 4H-SiC JBSFET (Junction Barrier Schottky Diode Integrated MOSFET) With Deep P-Well

This letter reports the demonstration of 1.2 kV 4H-SiC Schottky-integrated MOSFETs (JBSFETs) achieving the same specific on-resistance as the pure MOSFET by using an innovative layout approach as well as novel deep P-well structure. The proposed JBSFET significantly reduces the specific on-resistance accomplishing 2x reduction in the chip size, when compared with the traditional, chip-to-chip parallel connection of separate MOSFET and JBS diode. Moreover, the leakage current originated from the Schottky contact was successfully suppressed by adopting a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.8~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> deep P-well structure implemented by channeling implantation. Device design strategy with layout approach, fabrication, and static and short-circuit characteristics are discussed in this letter. In order to understand and clarify the experimental results, 2D simulations were conducted.

Experimental study on short-circuit current characteristics of a photovoltaic system with low voltage ride through capability under a symmetrical fault

Large number of photovoltaic (PV) power plants connected to a power grid can bring significant impacts to fault currents and the operation of protection systems. In this paper, short-circuit current characteristics of a PV system with low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability under a symmetrical fault is studied. PV system short-circuit experiments with different voltage dips at high and low output power levels are designed and conducted. The experiment results provide useful and valuable references for researches of PV system short-circuit current characteristics, modeling and PV system short-circuit current contribution to a power grid. Then, based on the experiment results, steady-state values, peak values and steady state short-circuit currents harmonic characteristics at different conditions are obtained and analyzed. It is found that, the DC component amplitude of a PV system short-circuit current is almost negligible compared with that of the power frequency component, which is different from conventional synchronous generator short-circuit current. Meanwhile, based on the LVRT control strategy and experimental results, the expression of steady-state short-circuit current RMS value is derived and verified, which provides an important basis for short-circuit current calculation of power system with large scale of PV plants.

A Nonintrusive Current Sensor Gain Tuning Method for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives Using Controlled Short-Circuit Tests

This paper presents a simple and nonintrusive method to identify and compensate for current measurement errors in interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives. Each IPMSM has a distinct steady-state short-circuit current characteristic. By controlling the motor to operate at its steady-state short-circuit current during coasting down, the inverter can be used to smoothly switch the IPMSM into three-phase short-circuit state. Then the d-q axis measured currents are compared with the true short-circuit characteristic of the IPMSM. The distortion pattern in the d-q axis currents contains all the needed information to correct for current sensor errors in IPMSM drives. For a three-phase motor, the proposed method can correct for single-current-sensor error or dual-current-sensor error with good accuracy. The effectiveness of the method is validated by both simulation and experiment.

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПАРАМЕТРОВ СХЕМЫ ЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ АСИНХРОННОГО ДВИГАТЕЛЯ С КОЛЬЦЕВЫМИ ОБМОТКАМИ

Induction motors with ring windings (IMRW) are designed for the processing of nuclear waste. The sta-tor winding coils are covered with ceramic insulation to allow for long-term operation in conditions of increased radiation. The stator coils are ring shaped, in order to reduce the bend angle. The stator has a specific design consisting of tooth tips located around the axis of rotation and tooth cores placed over the tooth tips in a spiral. The first IMRW prototype was manufactured by UrFU together with “Uralelectromash”. It was designed to the same diameters as an induction motor of a classical design with a power P = 2.2 kW, with a synchronous rotation speed n = 1000 rpm. The fundamentally new ar-mature design involves the search for new solutions for determining machine parameters, such as inductances, electro-magnetic torques. The article discusses a method of equivalent circuit parameter calculation for IMRW using the “ANSYS Maxwell” in 3D mode. In order to determine stator winding leakage inductances, a static analysis of the model with the ro-tor removed was used. Mutual inductance is defined as the difference between stator winding phase impedance and leak-age inductance. The active resistance of the magnetizing circuit and the impedance of the motor can be determined using the IMRW no-load and short-circuit characteristics obtained in ANSYS Maxwell. The paper also provides an example of calculating the mechanical characteristics of a motor using the analytical method (AM).This involves the use of equivalent circuit parameters, and the finite element method (FEM). The use of FEM for calculating the mechanical characteristics implies the analysis of IMRW in a dynamic mode. This allows the electromagnetic torque to be determined at a user-specified rotor speed. In conclusion, a comparative analysis of the parameters of a classic engine and IMRW engine, of the same size, is given. Recommendations are given for further improvement of the design of IMRW engines.

Research on Single-phase Power Supply in Short-circuit Test of Transformer on Magnetic-force Coupling Field

The short-circuit test is a test of the comprehensive technical ability of transformer manufacturing. The three-phase power supply is usually used for short-circuit test of transformer. To investigate the feasibility of using a single-phase power supply in the short-circuit test of transformer, in this paper, we modeled a 200 kVA power transformer in three dimensions, using the finite element method to calculate the short-circuit current and short-circuit electromagnetic force of the windings under different excitation modes when the three-phase short-circuit occurs in the low-voltage windings. Analyze and compare the short-circuit current and short-circuit electromagnetic force distribution characteristics of windings under different working conditions. The results show that when the three-phase short-circuit condition occurred in the low-voltage windings, regardless of the three-phase excitation or single-phase excitation exerted on the high-voltage windings, the short-circuit current and the short-circuit electromagnetic force of the voltage zero-crossing closing phase is basically the same. This proves that a single-phase power supply can be used instead of a three-phase power supply for short-circuit tests. the analysis result has certain reference significance for improving the short-circuit test of transformer.