Transport Market Research Articles

Economic assessment of the effects of the introduction of digital platforms for the integration of participants in mixed (multimodal) freight transport (based on rail transport)

Purpose: to reveal and describe the functionality, main services and opportunities for participants in the transportation process (cargo owners, operators, service companies) to connect to a digital integrator – a single platform “Electronic trading platform “Freight Transportation” (ETP FT), to substantiate the methodology for the economic assessment of the effects of the introduction of digital platforms for the integration of participants in freight mixed (multimodal) transportation (based on rail transport); calculate the individual economic effects of integration on the platform for various participating parties. Methods: supply chain analysis, evaluation of time-saving effects, analysis of logical flow processes and operations. Results: a methodology has been developed to assess the economic effects of integrating transport market participants into a digital platform, which consists in evaluating individual cost savings elements for a specific platform participant, including: by converting the document flow to an electronic format, by minimizing the cost of storing paper forms of documents, the cost of shipping, forwarding documents and related cash gaps, saving time and shortening financial cycles during the transition to electronic signing of documents and acceptance of electronic forms of documents by participants. Recommendations: The materials are addressed to specialists of companies participating in the transport and logistics market, IT directors and specialists, and all stakeholders interested in the development of the digital ecosystem.

Шляхи вдосконалення діяльності транспортно-експедиторських підприємств в умовах розвитку інформаційних технологій

The aim of the article is to highlight possible ways to improve the activities of transport and forwarding enterprises in the context of the development of information technology. In the course of the study, it was found that in the scientific sphere there is an active coverage of the introduction of information and innovative technologies in the field of transport and forwarding activities and it is emphasized that the dynamic and rapidly changing environment requires additional and constant updating in accordance with the latest trends. It is determined that the basis for the development of transport and forwarding activities is the growth of international trade and the expansion of the e-commerce industry around the world. The structure of export-import operations of Ukraine for 2023 is presented and it is noted that, in accordance with the current legislation of Ukraine, forwarding services are provided to the client for export, import, transit, as well as for domestic transportation through the territory of Ukraine. The services that can be provided by transport and forwarding enterprises are directly allocated, and the specifics of their activities are described. International organizations (UNCTАD, FIATA) are presented, which were among the first in the market to focus on the importance of introducing information technology in order to create a single international data exchange system for all participants in the transport and logistics market. The advantages of creating a single information space and digitalization of business processes of transport and forwarding enterprises are indicated. The latest trends in the international freight transportation market, which have simplified the procedures for issuing transport and accompanying documents due to their digitalization, are highlighted. The directions of use of blockchain technologies in the field of management of transport and forwarding enterprises are considered. It is determined that today not all enterprises are ready for the introduction of modern information technologies, which is caused by the outdated management culture, technological barriers, etc.

Železničke stanice u Republici Srbiji u funkciji prevoza robe - efikasnost po sistemu DEA

Introduction/purpose: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is commonly used to calculate the efficiency of similar Decision-Making Units (DMUs), which as such are elements of one set. In the article, it is considered that each such element of a set (of similar elements) is at the same time an element of a system (of various elements). An example of DMUs are 27 railway stations in the Republic of Serbia (RS) as an element of a set of railway stations and as an element of the railway transportation system, in the function of transporting goods, after division of the company Serbian Railways in 2015 (into "passengers" and "goods"). For the sake of better service, attraction and retention of clients, in the newly opened, free, transport market, the purpose of this article is to find the efficiency of the RS stations iin the period of 2018-2022. Methods: Set-systemic-model comparative DEA analysis of railway stations as a DMUs. A unit is an element of the set, a unit is an element of the system, and a unit is the subject of the mathematical DEACCR/BCC/SE model. Results: The final efficiency, the average of all average values, is 0.7666, as a result of a triple comparative DEA analysis: 27 DMU, three DEA models and five years of functioning. Conclusion: Stations are functionally different in terms of efficiency and each station functionally differs by years and by model. The final aim is an input-output balance and the 27/27 option which is achieved with corrective actions - reduction/addition, input or output.

Практика використання блокчейн-технології в мультимодальних контейнерних перевезеннях

In this study, the main emphasis is on the role of multimodal container transportation in global logistics and transport. The aim of the article is to consider important aspects and challenges associated with this form of transportation, including issues of efficiency, regulation and prospects for further development of this sphere and its infrastructure. The article discusses different definitions of the concept of «multimodal transportation»; the authors’ vision of the concept of «multimodal container transportation» is presented; the main participants and key factors influencing multimodal transportation are described; the advantages and disadvantages of multimodal container transportation are indicated; significance of these transportations for world trade is determined. Particular attention is paid to opportunities for improvement and innovative approaches, including the use of blockchain technology, to increase the transparency, efficiency and security of multimodal container transportation. Examples of the use of blockchain technology in the practice of world players in the container transportation market and ways to improve their work after its implementation are provided. It is noted that blockchain technology provides an opportunity to create a distributed database that guarantees the stability and inaccessibility of data for manipulation, and this makes it an ideal tool for tracking goods in multimodal transportation. This technology provides transparency, the ability to track every stage of the delivery and automated data verification, which helps to avoid errors and fraud in the logistics process. This approach to the use of blockchain technology in the logistics of multimodal container transportation can be a step towards creating more reliable, secure and efficient transport networks. This is in line with the main goal of improving and perfecting the global supply chain in the context of today’s challenges and technological possibilities.

Перспективы внедрения транспортного маркетплейса для грузоотправителей железнодорожного транспорта

The variants of the organization of logistics activities have been considered for small and medium-sized businesses. Thus, we have proposed an approach to the organization of the Russian transport services market using the principles of electronic commerce. This involves the development of a digital service - a transport market place based on a railway carrier with the involvement of all professional participants in the transport market. It will create a single transport and information space and cargo owners will be able to organize logistics in one «digital window». The use of a digital service will reduce the share of the transport component in the final cost of shippers’ products, and logistics operators will have a new channel for promoting transport services. We have defined the experience of creating modern digital services, the architecture of the transport marketplace and the requirements for its functionality. A graphic-analytical model has been developed for the independent organization of logistics by shippers in the transport marketplace and using the «digital forwarder» service. We have considered the algorithm of interaction between contractors - professional logistics operators and shippers in the planning of cargo transportation in the transport marketplace applying block chain technology - SMART contracts. A calculation method has been proposed to determine the economic effects of a railway carrier in the successful implementation of a transport marketplace.

УПРАВЛІННЯ КОМУНІКАЦІЯМИ ТА ЗНАННЯМИ В ПРОЄКТАХ ТРАНСПОРТНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article is devoted to the needs of the development of transport enterprises in accordance with the requirements of numerous economic agents, state regulators regarding the provision of transport services and maintaining competitive positions in the transportation market. Insufficient investment activity of transport enterprises and the need to update fixed assets, the introduction of innovative technologies requires the implementation of projects of transport enterprises on new approaches and a change of emphasis from mainly technical and financial and economic to communication and knowledge management. The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical foundations of communication and knowledge management in the projects of transport enterprises in accordance with the needs of the sustainable development of the transport industry in Ukraine. The management of communications and knowledge in projects of transport enterprises should be considered from the position of managerial activity, where the main focus is on achieving the final results of the project through established communications and information flows based on scientific, reliable and unbiased information and timeliness of information flows between various stakeholders. The adaptation of the requirements of ISO 21502 Project management to the activities of transport enterprises takes into account the peculiarities of the provision of transportation services, therefore the main customers and sponsors of projects are transport enterprises of various forms of ownership and specialization, the controlling bodies are the Ministry of Community Development, Territories and Infrastructure of Ukraine, State Aviation Service of Ukraine, State Special Service of Transport, Administration of Sea Ports of Ukraine, State Service of Sea and Inland Water Transport and Shipping of Ukraine and other executive authorities. The synergy of communication management and knowledge management is recommended to be implemented through the inclusion of knowledge in the general information flows of transport enterprise projects, to which different groups of project participants will have access.

Assessing the prospects of distributed ledger technology (DLT) development as an element of digital ecosystem of railway transport

Purpose: to evaluate the practice of implementing projects for digitalization of the life cycle management processes of railway infrastructure facilities based on distributed ledger technologies (DLT). Methods: general scientific methods such as observation, analysis, comparison, generalization and analogy were used. As a result of the conducted research: the main characteristics of the distributed ledger technologies, which determine the parameters and scope of their use in life cycle management of railway transport facilities, have been systematized; the effects of the implementation DLT as an element of the digital railway transport ecosystem have been identified; recommendations for the implementation and rollout of design solutions using DLT in the railway transport area have been developed. Conclusion: as a result of the study, recommendations for the implementation and rollout of the solutions using DLT have been developed. The findings and conclusions may be useful for railway companies, government agencies and other participants in the railway transport and logistics market when planning and implementing projects for optimizing asset life cycle management.

Food loss and food waste research in Latin America: scoping review.

The article aims to identify stage of the food supply chain (FSC) has the greatest food loss and waste (FLW), the factors that influence and economic, social and environmental impacts in Latin America countries. We carried out a scoping review of observational studies, case reports and interventional studies in January 2023. Searches were performed in scientific databases and hand-searching of reference lists. Data on the included studies were summarized with narrative synthesis. In total 16 articles met the inclusion criteria. The greatest FLW occur in the early and middle stages of the FSC, mainly during storage. The main causes were connected to financial, managerial and operational limitations related in harvesting techniques, storage and cooling facilities, infrastructure and marketing systems. Food waste (FW) is also a result of lack of appropriate storage facilities and efficient transport systems, market fluctuations and systems. Only one study presented results on the environmental impact of FW. There is a higher occurrence of food loss, characterized by decrease in the quantity and quality of food in the first three stages of FSC.

Has the Development of Inter-Provincial Transportation Infrastructure Improved the Construction of China’s Unified Market?

With the implementation of regional development policies in recent years, transportation infrastructure has greatly promoted regional economic development, but what impact it has on the construction of market integration in the local and surrounding regions has not been specifically answered. Based on the provincial panel data of China from 2010 to 2021, this paper uses the spatial panel method to study the impact of transportation infrastructure development and the construction of national unified market and its spatial spillover effects. The empirical results show that there is significant spatial auto-correlation between inter-provincial transport infrastructure and market integration. Railway density plays a greater role in promoting the national unified market. The government expenditure and foreign direct investment play a positive role in promoting the construction of a unified national market, while the dependence of foreign trade inhibits the development of market integration. In the analysis of spatial spillover effects, the direct effect of railway density is significantly higher than that of highway. The government should strengthen the quality and efficiency of railway transportation, promote the scale of foreign direct investment of enterprises, and actively promote the construction of national unified market.

Perspectives for the development of safe-ecosystems based on 5-pl logistics in Russia

The purpose of this research is to assess the prospects for the development of the Russian transport and logistics services market in the 5PL logistics segment as a basis for the development of safe ecosystems based on the active introduction of digital technologies into the supply chain. The research allows us to identify the key features of the introduction, application and development of the digital logistics segment of the People’s Republic of China and to reveal the features of using the practical experience of the People’s Republic of China in order to create and operate a digital logistics platform in Russia. Methods: comparative analysis of statistical data on the volume and speed of cargo transportation is used; analysis of the logistics sector to assess the level of regulation and government influence on the development of this industry and characteristics of the level of automation and application of modern IT solutions in the logistics sector of both countries according to their impact on efficiency and competitiveness. Results: the features of the formation of 5PL logistics in the People’s Republic of China are established, taking into account both the unique conditions for the development of transportation logistics and the advantages of digital progress penetrating into all spheres of the Chinese economy; the conditions for the promising development of the 5PL system provider format in Russia are determined; the current parameters of the functioning of the 5PL system of the People’s Republic of China with recommendations for their application in the territory are highlighted In order to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of the national transport and logistics system. Practical significance: the results obtained are of an applied nature, since they propose and justify a number of measures aimed at optimizing the logistics sector in Russia, based on the experience of the Chinese logistics services market with increasing momentum in the development and development of 5PL systems.

«ЗЕЛЕНИЙ» КУРС РОЗВИТКУ ТРАНСПОРТНО-ЛОГІСТИЧНОЇ СИСТЕМИ: ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

The world market of transport and logistics services is one of the most important sectors of the world economy, which is dynamically developing and ensures the continuity of international trade in goods and services. The reduction of trade barriers, the liberalization of the trade regime and the development of export-oriented industries contributed to fundamental changes in world trade. Current logistics brings not only economic benefits to business, but also contributes to its long-term development, which meets the current and future requirements of the market economy. The level of transport logistics is determined by the competent selection of transport, the timeliness of stages, and the experience of implementing complex projects. The main types of freight transportation differ in the environment, speed and cost of movement, logistics, the principle of movement and other important characteristics. Taking into account the development of global transportation and its impact on the environment, approaches to the quality of logistics services are changing. Concern about the impact of transport on ecology led to the need to solve the problem of increasing the environmental efficiency of transporting goods around the world. The purpose of the modern development of supply chains is to promote the development of environmentally friendly mobility, which is also positioned as «green» logistics. These goals can be achieved by optimizing the combination of different types of transport, using their advantages and minimizing the disadvantages in terms of environmental impact. The most serious challenge facing the transport sector is to significantly reduce emissions and improve sustainability. At the same time, this transformation offers great opportunities for a better quality of life, as well as for global industry in all value chains to modernize, create high-quality jobs, develop new products and services, strengthen competitiveness and achieve global leadership as other markets move to provide mobility with zero emissions. The level of transport logistics is determined by the competent selection of transport, the timeliness of stages, and the experience of implementing complex projects. The main types of freight transportation differ in the environment, speed and cost of movement, logistics, the principle of movement and other important characteristics. In addition, one of the driving directions of the effective development of «green»logistics is the formation of the appropriate policy of countries and regions.Keywords:«green» logistics, transport and logistics system, emissions, ecology, logistics support, transport

Expected utilities of liner shipping market trends: how can companies benefit

Expected utilities of liner shipping market trends: how can companies benefit

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНІ МЕХАНІЗМИ РОЗВИТКУ БІЗНЕС-СЕРЕДОВИЩА НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ МОРСЬКОГО ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ У ПОВОЄННИЙ ПЕРІОД

Today, the ongoing full-scale invasion of the Russian into Ukraine has caused significant financial, human, migration and political losses to various sectors of the economy of Ukrainian enterprises. In the opinion of the authors, development strategies should be applied in the post-war period of enterprises, losses should be restored through organizational and economic mechanisms of business plans and projects. The advantages of this product can significantly reduce the costs of relevant specialized enterprises in the regional and global shipping market, thereby reducing the cost of marine melting furnaces and increasing their productivity. As a result of research and industrial tests of the product offered by these enterprises, which allow us to guarantee that the stated requirements for the specified technological cover have advantages over analogues. The analysis shows that the beneficiaries of the offered products are: shipping companies, transport companies, technological companies engaged in the production of products for maritime organizations based on infrastructural components. Currently, representatives of the company are conducting negotiations with counterparties regarding the licensed production of ship covers in European and Asian countries. The article examines the current tasks of developing approaches to the strategy of creating projects on the example of the enterprise "Rial-morterminal" for the production of special products and proving its organizational and economic efficiency, planning of human resources at the enterprise. The goal is to develop a strategy based on the example of the company "Rial-morterminal", the production of products that have the advantages of the two types of specialized ship covers mentioned above. The authors investigated SWOT analysis and product risk analysis of marine melting furnaces for all types of ships. The risks of the project were studied: with a ranking of the impact on the project, conditions of risks for the creation of the production of the specified enterprise, a product that has the advantages of the two types of covers for (boilers, furnaces) of the main power plant of sea and river vessels in the regions of Ukraine in the post-war period.

ФАКТОРИ ЗАГОСТРЕННЯ КОНКУРЕНЦІЇ ДЛЯ РОЗРОБКИ КОНКУРЕНТНОЇ СТРАТЕГІЇ ПАСАЖИРСЬКОЇ СТАНЦІЇ

The article analyzes the factors of aggravation of the station's competition and the priority tasks that need to be solved in a particular situation, since their ignorance leads to the loss of positions in the transport services market. The role of passenger transportation management and its improvement for the future is determined. Recent studies on assessing competitiveness and developing a competitive strategy for an enterprise, namely a passenger station, are analyzed. It is noted that managerial decisions should be based on the use of marketing information, which will allow to maintain a leading position in the market of transport services. These include limitation of the range of consumers of transport services (due to an increase in transportation tariffs and prices for services), limited opportunities to sell their services, limited resources and complications associated with geographical boundaries. It is noted that a transportation service is not just transportation, but a comprehensive transportation service, i.e., a process of consistent and well-coordinated operations carried out taking into account individual customer requirements. It is determined that railway transport is the main artery in the road transport complex of Ukraine. The article considers measures aimed at improving the quality and availability of passenger services at railway stations and in trains, where the management of the passenger service complex has been transferred to the national system "Express-UZ", which provides end-to-end automation of all processes of integrated passenger service. It is highlighted that for the development of the railway industry there is a need to introduce effective organizational structures that ensure the further development of railway transport and meet the specific requirements of the transport market. It is determined that in order to increase the competitiveness of the station, innovative commercial strategies should be developed that would better meet the demand of passengers and the capabilities of the modern economy, as well as measures to further improve safety, reduce noise, reduce energy consumption, avoid pollution and eliminate all adverse factors that hinder the development of railway transport.

Analysis of Operational Performance of Intermodal Transport Terminals in Slovakia in the Context of Intermodal Transport Infrastructure Development in EU Countries

The development of intermodal transport and the increase in transport performance in this segment of the transport market are, among other factors, determined by the quality of transportation infrastructure. Transportation infrastructure for intermodal transport includes not only transportation routes but also nodal points where a change of transport mode occurs. These nodal points of transport mode change are intermodal transport terminals. The throughput capacity of individual components of the internal infrastructure of a terminal can be a limiting factor in determining its performance, such as the number of transshipped intermodal transport units. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the current state of operational performance of functional terminals in Slovakia and compare it with the anticipated customer requirements. Based on this analysis, it will be possible to determine the capacity utilization of terminals and, if necessary, decide either on densifying the existing network of terminals or on the relevant development of selected components of the internal infrastructure of existing terminals. The analysis is primarily focused on a critical element of the internal infrastructure of terminals, which is the performance of transshipment facilities.

РОЗВИТОК ІНСТИТУТІВ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ У КОНТЕКСТІ СТРУКТУРИЗАЦІЇ І МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЇ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The article defines the role of railway transport as a component of the transport complex of Ukraine. It is shown that the railway industry of Ukraine, as a natural monopoly, was formed on the basis of a centralized and concentrated form of state ownership in the bowels of the administrative and command system of the Soviet Union. Emphasis is placed on the problems associated with the existence of natural monopolies inherent in railway transportation. The signs of a natural monopoly on railway transport of Ukraine are systematized: the network nature of the organization of infrastructure and the provision of transport services; the presence of barriers for new business entities to enter the rail transportation market; the need for significant investments to create an alternative transport business; low investment attractiveness for private capital due to a long payback period; low elastic demand from consumers for transport services. Emphasis is placed on the problems associated with the existence of natural monopolies inherent in railway transportation. An analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, threats and development opportunities of railway transport enterprises was carried out. Measures have been developed to demonopolize railway transport of Ukraine through a justified division of the spheres of its operation into three groups: first, naturally monopolistic; secondly, areas where competition is potentially possible; third, areas where competition is natural. The conceptual principles of carrying out organizational, financial and information restructuring in railway transport based on the integration of the functional-object system and the vertical model, tariff differentiation, the spread of two-rate tariffs, the elimination of cross-subsidization, the creation of new market segments, the expansion of the spectrum of transport and related services are substantiated. The priority areas of restructuring in railway transport in the conditions of martial law and post-war reconstruction are proposed, including within the framework of the concept of socially responsible restructuring.

РОЗВИТОК КООПЕРАЦІЙНИХ ВІДНОСИН АВІАТРАНСПОРТНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В СИСТЕМІ ГЛОБАЛЬНОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ РИНКУ АВІАЦІЙНИХ ПЕРЕВЕЗЕНЬ

The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the construction and functioning of modern cooperation mechanisms of air transport enterprises, to substantiate the advantages and risks of cooperation based on the analysis of key trends of international cooperative relations in the global infrastructure system of the air transportation market. Scientific theories of international division of labour, international specialization and internationalization of cooperative relations form the methodological basis of the research. Both general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used – historical-logical, descriptive-analytical, analysis and synthesis, methods of quantitative and qualitative comparisons. The informational basis of the article is monographic studies and periodical publications of domestic and foreign economists, analytical reports of international organizations, international consulting companies and analytical centres. The article examines the global experience of implementing international cooperative relations of air transport enterprises, highlights the main forms of airline cooperation. It was established that the degree and conditions of involvement of airlines in cooperative relations differ in the markets of domestic and international transportation, intercontinental air transportation. The most common mechanisms of interaction between airlines are the conclusion of interline agreements and codeshare agreements. It was revealed that global aviation alliances occupy a dominant position in the structure of the world air transport market. It is also stated that the highest level of cooperation between airlines is the creation of joint ventures, which makes it possible to avoid mergers and acquisitions. Within the framework of the study, the advantages and risks of various forms of cooperation for both air passengers and subjects of international aviation business are substantiated. Research results can be used for scientific substantiation and further creation of proper conditions for effective international cooperation of domestic air transport enterprises during the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine.

СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТЬ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА

Railway transport is the leader of the Russian transport market and one of the largest companies in the global transport sector. This powerful tool not only serves as a driving force for the development of many industries in the Russian Federation, but is also one of the criteria for assessing well-being and welfare of its citizens, which dictates the need for a detailed study of all aspects of the functioning of railway production. When considering the quality of the implementation of railway services, special attention must be paid to the internal quality system, namely, corporate culture, working conditions, quality of service, and a multi-level team management system. In modern rapidly changing socio-technological conditions of development of the transport industry, the efficiency and competitiveness of a railway transport specialist is determined not only by the quality of knowledge and skills in the structure of professional competencies, but also by a set of personal qualities that allow optimal ergonomic passage through the stages of socio-technological adaptation and further professionalization. A multifactorial analysis of “social competence” as a pedagogical category, from the standpoint of activity-based, personal, subjective, axiological, competence-based approaches, the study of regulatory documentation and conditions for the implementation of professional activities in transport, made it possible to determine the essence and structure of the social competence of railway specialists as an integrative quality of personality, the structure of which can be represented by a set of motivational, value, emotional, and communicative components. The choice of indicators (social initiative and activity, the ability to transmit generally accepted and intra-industry social values, empathy, tolerance, self-esteem, ability for effective communication, social mobility) in the structure of social competence is substantiated and the levels of their formation are determined. Situational and functional approaches to identifying the content of the main stages of socialization in the professional training of railway transport specialists made it possible to specify the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the targeted formation of indicators of social competence: incessancy and continuity in the development of a block of socially oriented disciplines; practice-oriented educational process; active learning methods; design technologies; formation of an active subject position of students

ЕКОНОМІЧНА БЕЗПЕКА ПІДПРИЄМСТВ МОРСЬКОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ

The article examines the problems and prospects of ensuring the economic security of maritime transport enterprises in the conditions of digitalization.The state of economic safety in water transport is an important factor in the formation of demand for transportation and ensuring a positive economic result of the economic activity of maritime and river transport enterprises. However, the lack of a mechanism for ensuring the necessary level of economic security does not allow timely determination of its state and makes it difficult to implement the necessary response measures.In the conditions of digitalization, the economic security of maritime transport enterprises plays a key role in ensuring sustainable development. The impact of digitization on the economy requires special attention to comprehensive protection of enterprises.The growth of the Internet of Things, the use of blockchain and the development of artificial intelligence determine the current trends in the digitalization of maritime transport. These innovations affect the economic security of enterprises.That is why the problems of ensuring the economic security of maritime transport enterprises in relationship with digitalization in the conditions of development global network of economic and social processes are acquired increasingly relevant.Large-scale changes based on the introduction of digital technologies, significantly expand the scope of the problem of provision economic security. Effective risk management in the conditions development of the digital space is of great importance for implementation economic issues and social benefits of the digital economy.The formation of reliability in new conditions of interaction, the basis of which is digital technologies are an important condition of socio-economic the need for the development of modern enterprises.Digital transformation is not limited and determined by the implementation of digital technologies in the company's activities, it involves much deeper changes that affect not only individual business processes. Many transport companies are working to make the freight transport market more transparent, efficient, cheap and fast. This can be done thanks to the application of IT technologies.An example of the implementation of digital technologies in international logistics is the use of electronic document flow by maritime transport and logistics companies, namely: electronic sea waybill. This allows you to gain significant advantages in speed and flexibility over other logistics companies that provide intermediary logistics services to their customers.In addition to the use of electronic sea bills of lading, such new digital technologies as blockchain, online aggregators, smart contracts, artificial intelligence, sensor technology, robotics and 3D printing, big data and the Internet of Things, autonomous control or unmanned transport, virtual reality and augmented reality, digital doubles that will be able to ensure the security of trade.In maritime shipping, the use of blockchain technology will help ensure the transfer and exchange of data, and will also be able to provide up-to-date information on the status of shipments. This is done more and more often electronically, with the help of an electronic data exchange message.Ukraine occupies an extremely favorable geographical position from the point of view of the organization of transit cargo flows, its transport potential takes into account the development of road, railway, sea, river, aviation and pipeline transport

АНАЛІЗ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ АВІАТРАНСПОРТНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ УКРАЇНИ

The development of the air transportation industry of Ukraine is studied. The main trends of international and domestic air transportation, differences in the dynamics of cargo and passenger air transportation and changes that occurred under the influence of economic and political factors, as well as those caused by the pandemic and military events are identified. The competitive position of Ukrainian and foreign airlines in the international air transportation market is analyzed. The main reasons for the weak development of domestic air transportation are identified. The structure and main models of Ukrainian airports are analyzed. The regression models of passenger and cargo traffic of air transport are built, determined by the influence of the main macroeconomic indicators, which can be used for strategic forecasting of the development of the air transport industry in the post-war period. The article describes the perspective models of development of airlines and airports in Ukraine. Tough competition will lead to the fact that Ukrainian airlines, if they continue to exist, are likely to move to the model of small “hybrid airlines” or become ACMI operators. Due to the lack of access to cheap financial resources, Ukrainian airlines will gradually be pushed out of the market by foreign competitors. By lowering barriers to entry, new small Ukrainian regional airlines will emerge in the regions, operating on secondary routes that are not of interest to foreign carriers. The air transportation industry will move from the Hub-and-Spoke network model to the Point-to-Point model. Airports will have low profitability due to significant price pressure from low-cost airlines, and significantly lower revenues from aviation and non-aviation activities. Such airports will need government support to ensure their operation. After the opening of the airspace, considerable efforts will have to be made to stimulate and stabilize the development of air transportation, in particular in the areas of regulatory and legal regulation, organizational and managerial support, fiscal and monetary incentives, investment and innovation, and workforce.