Shift In Band Gap Research Articles

Mn-doped SrTiO3 perovskite: Synthesis and characterisation of a visible light-active semiconductor

This study focuses on the synthesis and characterisation of Mn-doped SrTiO3 using the citric method. As-prepared samples featured a non-porous microstructure with a mean particle size of approximately 5 μm, composed of sintered submicron crystallites. Manganese was successfully incorporated into the perovskite structure as Mn4+, with a homogeneous distribution across the Sr and Ti positions. The doping induced a distinctive dark brown hue, indicating significant visible light absorption. A pronounced band gap shift from 3.32 to 2.92 eV was revealed via Tauc analysis of the Kubelka-Munk function. Both the SrTiO3 and Mn-doped SrTiO3 samples demonstrated a high adsorption capacity exclusively for cationic dye (Methylene Blue) at pH 10, with the Mn-doped sample showing slightly enhanced removal efficiency, reaching a maximum adsorption capacity of 310.7 mg g−1. The selective adsorption at high pH can be attributed to electrostatic interactions between the perovskite surface and MB molecules. This combination of high adsorption capacity and a reduced band gap highlights the material’s potential for photocatalysis applications.

Non-dimensional linear analysis of one-dimensional wave propagation in tensegrity structures

This study presents a methodology for analyzing wave propagation in tensegrity lattices within a non-dimensional framework. Two strategies are employed to predict pass bands and bandgaps. The first examines wave dispersion through a single representative unit cell, using dispersion curves to identify bandgaps and pass bands. The second models the structure as a finite system, using modal analysis to compute the steady-state response to harmonic loads and plot the frequency response function. Two unit cells are analyzed: a two-dimensional D-bar unit and a three-dimensional tensegrity prism. The study investigates axial and in-plane bending wave propagation in a D-bar chain and axial wave propagation in a prism chain. After non-dimensionalizing the equations of motion, key parameters such as ratios of stiffness per unit length, mass per unit length, and prestress are identified. Its is shown that varying these parameters shifts the bandgap locations and widths. Prestress has minimal effect in the D-bar case, while a slight shift in the first bandgap is observed in the prism. The predictions from unit cell and finite structure analyses show good agreement.

Multi-cation doped CuCrO[formula omitted] crystallite matrix: Exploring bandgap tunability through Ni-Zn and Ni-Zn-Mg doping for optoelectronic application

Bandgap tuning is a key approach to optimizing materials for advanced technologies, enabling the development of more efficient and specialized devices. In this study, we demonstrate the tunability of the bandgap of CuCrO2 from 2.38 to 4.37 eV via single cation-doping with Ni and Zn, and multi-cation doping with Ni-Zn and Ni-Zn-Mg. XRD analysis reveals structural changes due to lattice distortions by cationic substitution, while FESEM shows the impact of doping on particle size, surface morphology, and crystallinity. The lamellar structure observed with multi-cation doping in FESEM investigations indicates increased structural disorder and defects, causing tailing above the valence band and below the conduction band, significantly reducing the bandgap. The effect of Zn-Ni doping on the lattice is reversed with Mg2+ insertion due to p-p orbital interactions between Mg2+-O, replacing the d-p interaction in the Cr3＋-O bond, as confirmed by optical studies. UV–Vis and photoluminescence analyses reveal significant shifts in bandgaps and emission spectra, with Ni doping yielding a bandgap of 3.97 eV, Zn doping 3.16 eV, Zn-Ni doping expanding it to 4.37 eV, and Zn-Ni-Mg doping reducing it to 2.38 eV. The dopants also affect emission characteristics, including band edge and deep-level emissions. This study provides valuable insights into the relationship between cationic doping and material properties, guiding the design of CuCrO2-based materials with tailored functionalities.

Calix[6]arene-Functionalized Photonic Hydrogel Biosensor for Naked-Eye Cholesterol Detection Based on Supramolecular Host-Guest Interactions.

Cholesterol (CHO) is an essential constituent of human cellular tissues and a crucial activity indicator for the clinical diagnosis and prevention of various diseases. Abnormal CHO levels can lead to various cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease, cerebral thrombosis, and atherosclerosis. Thus, developing simple and effective methods for CHO detection is of great significance. Herein, a novel calix[6]arene-modified photonic hydrogel biosensor (PAAH@SCX6) was developed for naked-eye monitoring of CHO based on supramolecular host-guest interactions between 4-sulfocalix[6]arene (SCX6) and CHO molecules. This sensor was constructed by embedding Fe3O4 colloidal nanocrystal cluster chains into a poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) smart hydrogel (PAAH), followed by incorporation of plentiful SCX6 units into the PAAH via hydrogen bonding interactions. The specific recognition of SCX6 to CHO leads to the volume expansion of the hydrogel, causing a shift in the photonic band gap and a change in the hydrogel's structural color. The sensor demonstrated a linear detection range of 2.83-5.20 mM, covering the typical CHO levels in the human body. Importantly, the PAAH@SCX6 biosensor showed high selectivity and satisfactory stability, making it highly suitable for practical applications. Such a photonic hydrogel-based biosensor provides a convenient, simple, and efficient strategy for visual CHO detection.

Spray pyrolysis grown Cu and Ni co-doped ZnO thin films: a study of their structural, optical, wettability, and photocatalytic performance

This study explores the impact of Cu and Ni doping on the structural, wettability, optical, and photocatalytic properties of ZnO thin films. The co-doped thin films, with varying Ni concentrations, were deposited using a spray pyrolysis method onto pre-heated soda lime glass substrates. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure with preferred orientation primarily along the (002) plane, while crystallinity decreased with higher Ni concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a compact, adherent structure in all films, with Ni incorporation altering the surface morphology. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identified characteristic absorption bands for metal-oxygen bonds. Optical analysis indicated that all thin films exhibited over 88% average transmittance in the visible region, accompanied by a red shift in the optical bandgap. Photoluminescence spectra exhibited a broad emission band in the visible region, indicating intrinsic and extrinsic defects induced by doping. Co-doping transforms the wettability character of ZnO thin films from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. Finally, the photodegradation efficiency of the thin films against methylene blue under sunlight significantly increases from 72% to 92% with an increase in Ni concentration.

Stretchable Distributed Bragg Reflectors as Strain-Responsive Mechanochromic Sensors.

Mechanochromic materials exhibit color changes upon external mechanical stimuli, finding wide-ranging applications in colorimetric sensing, display technology, and anticounterfeiting measures. Many of these materials rely on fluorescence properties and therefore necessitate external optical or electrical excitation. However, for broader applicability, the detection of color changes by the naked eye only or without complicated detection instrumentation is highly desirable. Photonic crystals offer a promising avenue for attaining such performances. In this work, we present elastomeric distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) characterized by a series of photonic bandgaps exhibiting mechanochromic response from the near-infrared to the visible wavelengths. To achieve this, we engineered alternating thin films of a thermoplastic fluoropolymer and a styrene-butadiene copolymer using different elastomeric substrates to attain different behaviors. The reported system demonstrates a reversible and instantaneous shift of the photonic bandgaps in response to 100% strain in multiple deformation cycles. Comparing the DBR stress-strain response with the optical strain response confirms a mechanochromic sensitivity of ∼1.7-6.9 nm/% and ∼80 nm/MPa, with an optical Poisson's ratio in the range 0.3-0.7. All these properties are spectrally dependent, as demonstrated by exploiting the properties of different diffraction order photonic band gaps.

Probing the interplay of interactions, screening and strain in monolayer MoS2 via self-intercalation

Controlling many-body interactions in two-dimensional systems remains a formidable task from the perspective of both fundamental physics and application. Here, we explore remarkable electronic structure alterations of MoS2 monolayer islands on graphene on Ir(111) induced by non-invasive self-intercalation. This introduces significant differences in morphology and strain of MoS2 as a result of the modified interaction with the substrate. Consequently, considerable changes of the band gap and non-rigid electronic shifts of valleys are detected, which are a combined effect of the screening of the many-body interactions and strain in MoS2. Furthermore, theory shows that each substrate leaves a unique stamp on the electronic structure of two-dimensional material in terms of those two parameters, restricted by their correlation.

Pressure-induced band gap shift and enhanced optical properties of quaternary Heusler TaAlCuCo: DFT study

Pressure-induced band gap shift and enhanced optical properties of quaternary Heusler TaAlCuCo: DFT study

Fabrication of sulfur doped exfoliated gCN photocatalyst for enhanced visible light degradation of pernicious organic pollutants and their photocatalytic antibacterial activity

The synthesis of sulfur-doped exfoliated graphitic carbon nitride (S-gCN) photocatalyst was achieved by the implementation of a two-step calcination technique. The XRD results revealed that all the fabricated photocatalytic materials were crystalline in nature. The inclusion of 5% sulfur in gCN led to a conspicuous escalation in the surface area of photocatalyst, rising from 10.294 to 61.185 m2g⁻1. Morphological scrutiny of the samples using FE-SEM revealed that pristine gCN exhibited tightly stacked small nanosheets, whereas inclusion of sulfur and exfoliation resulted in generation of loosely distributed large nanosheet. Furthermore, the inclusion of sulfur also induced a shift in the energy band gap (Eg) from 2.81 eV to 2.63 eV, making it felicitous for investigation as proficient visible light photocatalyst. Additionally, the photoluminescence photo-induced charge carrier recombination behavior revealed a reduced peak intensity for 5% S-gCN compared to other synthesized compositions. This observation can be directly linked to the minimized electron-hole pairs recombination during photocatalysis, underscoring its superior photocatalytic performance. Our findings revealed that the 5% S-gCN photocatalyst exhibit the most promising attributes, it degraded Tetracycline drug, Chlorpyrifos pesticide and Eriochrome Black T dye under visible light irradiation almost ∼4 times more efficiently than pristine gCN. Additionally, exceptional visible light photocatalytic antibacterial efficacy was also perceived by 5% S-gCN against S. aureus bacteria. Overall, the present research sheds light on how doping and exfoliation interact to modify the structure and catalytic properties of gCN, paving the way for the development of outstanding performance, visible light-responsive efficient photocatalysts for environmental restoration.

Radiation sensor based on a 1D-periodic structure infiltrated by (B-co-MP) a conjugated copolymer

In this study, a novel gamma-ray radiation sensor has been developed depending on a 1D photonic crystal (1D-PhC). Based on porous silicon (PSi) layer that has been penetrated by a conjugated copolymer (B-co-MP) which consists of BEHP-PPV and MEH-PPV, with a fractional ratio of 60:40. The suggested method for the development of the dosimeter is based on the shift of photonic band-gap to shorter wavelengths, where exposure to gamma-ray radiation at doses ranging from 0 to 20 kGy alters the refractive index of the (B-co-MP) copolymer. The fitted experimental data, the equation of Bruggeman effective medium, and the transfer matrix method (TMM) are the main axes in the framework of the current theoretical approach. The collected data shows that, within the visible range, the suggested sensor's sensitivity (224 nm/RIU) is high and stable over a 0-20 kGy applied-dose range. Also, we compared these results with previous research.

Investigation on enhanced band-gap properties of 2D hierarchical phononic crystals

Phononic crystals have garnered considerable attention in recent years for their unique band-gap properties, which can effectively manipulate the propagation of acoustic and elastic waves. This research focuses on exploring richer band gaps and utilizing band gap characteristics to achieve structural vibration reduction. In this study, a novel two-dimensional (2D) hierarchical phononic crystal with rich periodicities is proposed, which possesses enhanced band-gap properties. The research method used for the proposed structure is numerical simulation using the finite element method (FEM). By applying Bloch’s theorem, FEM is a more convenient tool for calculating the band gap of structures. Based on the numerical results, it can be concluded that the band gaps of the proposed 2D hierarchical phononic crystal can be classified not just into full and directional band gaps, but also into more fascinating categories based on the vibration patterns of macro and micro unit cells, which are referred to as Type I, Type II and Type III band gaps. Furthermore, the impact of structural parameter variations on the band gap is also studied, and results indicate that appropriate adjustments to the structural parameters (such as the number of unit cell n, the angle θ and the length l1) can lead to low-frequency shift and bandwidth increase in certain band gaps. A prototype of the hierarchical phononic crystal is manufactured using the 3D printing technique. Vibration tests are conducted and the simulation and experimental results are compared to verify the vibration reduction performance of the 2D hierarchical phononic crystal. The important contribution of this study is to reveal an interesting band gap generation characteristic of 2D hierarchical phononic crystals, which is beneficial for promoting understanding of the band gap mechanism in periodic structures. The enhanced band-gap properties in hierarchical periodic structures provide more potentialities and possibilities for practical vibration and noise reduction applications.

Exploring the impact of end-capped moieties on nonlinear optical response in d-[formula omitted]-a configurated based organoboron derivatives: A DFT/TD-DFT study

A new series of the organic derivatives (BDPTPD1-BDPTPD8) with push–pull architectures (D-π-A) was developed using various efficient acceptors into reference molecule (BDPTPR). To obtain nonlinear optical insights, BDPTPR and its derived compounds were investigated at M06/6-311G(d,p) level. All derivatives (BDPTPD1-BDPTPD8) have a lesser band gap (2.190–1.152 eV) and bathochromic shift (λmax = 713.086–722.350 nm) than that of reference molecule (Egap = 2.270 eV and λmax = 699.212 nm). Global reactivity calculations described that BDPTPD5 displayed smaller values of hardness (1.036 eV) with a larger value of softness (0.482 eV) relative to all studied chromophores. Similarly, it exhibited the highest values of βtot and γtot, as 1.783 × 10-27 and 2.400 × 10-32esu, respectively, among all investigated compounds. This framework elucidates that structural modification involving diverse end-capped acceptor units performs a crucial role in achieving desirable NLO substances for advanced optoelectronic technology.

Ab initio calculations on magnetic and optical characteristics of pure ZnO and Mn(II)-doped ZnO monolayers with and without neutral charged vacancies defects

At high Curie temperatures, diluted magnetic semiconductors exhibit induced ferromagnetism and spin-dependent interactions, making them useful in magneto-electronic devices. In spite of the fact that ferromagnetism and optical emission dynamics are characterized by intricate microstructural and compositional features, the origins of these phenomena are not yet completely understood. Here, we used first principles calculations to study how vacancy defects affect the electrical, optical, and magnetic properties of pure ZnO and Mn@ZnO monolayers. In the pristine monolayer, the Zn vacancy produces magnetism with a total magnetic moment of 2 μB, but the oxygen vacancy does not. The magnetic semiconducting characteristic of the Mn substitution at the Zn site is shown by a total magnetization of 5 μB. The magnetic ground state of the ZnO monolayer doped with Mn is significantly influenced by the presence of native defects. More specifically, Zn vacancies are essential for stabilizing the FM states due to the bound magnetic polarons (BMPs) formation, but O vacancies have no influence on the magnetic ground state of the Mn(II)@ZnO monolayer. Based on the optical study, we discovered that Zn and O vacancies in the ZnO ML produce optical absorption peaks at 1.92 eV and 2.90 eV, respectively. The substitution of Mn(II) at Zn site not only increases the band gap of the ZnO monolayer but also produces d-d transition bands at lower energy side of fundamental energy gap peak. The Zn vacancies in the Mn(II)@ZnO ML produce an infrared absorption band around 1.13 eV, which could be due to the formation of the BMP, and enhance the optical absorption efficiency. The ZnO ML’s energy gap and Mn ion’s d-d transition bands exhibit a blueshift in AFM systems and a redshift in the FM systems. In far configuration, the Mn(II)@ZnO monolayer show no shift in the fundamental bandgap and intra-band transition of the Mn(II) spins due to the Mn(II) ion’s paramagnetic nature.

Effect of biaxial tensile-compressive deformation on the optoelectronic properties of monolayers of MoTe2 with adsorbed alkali metals X (X = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs): a first principles

Based on a first-principles approach, the effects of tensile-compression deformation on the structural stability, electronic structure, and optical properties of monolayers of MoTe2 adsorbed with alkali metal atoms X (X = Li, Na, K, Rb or Cs) were calculated. It was found that the structural stability of the MoTe2 monolayer after adsorption of Li atoms was the most stable, with the smallest adsorption and formation energies and the smallest adsorption height. The movement of the Fermi energy toward the conduction band makes the system an n-type semiconductor. Subsequently, the adsorbed Li-MoTe2 monolayers were selected for tensile-compressive deformation, and with the increase of tensile deformation, the band gap decreased to zero at 10% deformation and exhibited metallic properties. As compressive deformation grows, the band gap shifts from direct to indirect, and metallic characteristics emerge when deformation approaches −10%. The Te-s and Te-p orbital electrons near the Fermi energy level and Mo-d orbitals make the main contribution to the adsorbed alkali metal molybdenum ditelluride system. In terms of optical characteristics, the MoTe2 system after alkali metal adsorption deformation is blue-shifted/ red-shifted at the absorption/reflection peak. These discoveries may help to broaden the possible applications of MoTe2 in low-dimensional electron-emitting devices.

Electronic transport properties in GaAs/AlGaAs finite superlattice of cylindrical quantum wires

In this paper, we have studied a theoretical and numerical investigation of the electronic properties of finite cylindrical quantum wires (CQWRs), constituted by the periodic alteration of two semiconductor materials of CQWRs GaAs/AlGaAs in the axial direction, the structure sandwiched between two substrates GaAs. The electronic band structure and the electronic transmission spectrum are obtained by means of Green’s function approach, taking into account the impact of connection barriers. Our results reveal that the electronic energy levels of CQWRs consist of alternating passbands and bandgaps. The coincidence of incoming electronic waves with these discrete electronic energy levels leads to electron transport during the CQWRs superlattice. We employed an effective mass model dependent on the cell position in the axial direction to solve the Schrodinger equation. This model was adjusted to reflect variations in the confining potentials while accounting for changes in the radial direction. When the radius of the structure is relatively small the electronic states tend towards higher energies due to geometrical confinement. On the other hand, as the radius increases, the passbands and bandgaps move to lower energies. Similarly, the pseudogaps turn into full gaps, and their width increases, and this feature is also observed when the number of cells increases. This property is due to the interaction between the neighboring electrons and the eigenstates of the CQWRs. In addition, the passbands and band gaps shift to high energy when the barrier concentration increases, and the width of band gaps increases also. Finally, we have demonstrated the theoretical design of an optoelectronic device for filtering electronic waves by geometrical and physical parameters, whose electronic band structure of this finite CQWRs superlattice can be controlled.

Giant Carrier Mobility in a Room-Temperature Ferromagnetic VSi2N4 Monolayer.

Using density functional theory (DFT), we investigate that two possible phases of VSi2N4 (VSN) may be realized, one called the "H phase" corresponding to what is known from calculation and herein the other new "T phase" being stabilized by a biaxial tensile strain of 3%. Significantly, the H phase is predicted to display a giant carrier mobility of 1 × 106 cm2 V-1 s-1, which exceeds that for most 2D magnetic materials, with a Curie temperature (TC) exceeding room temperature and a band gap of 2.01 eV at the K point. Following the H-T phase transition, the direct band gap shifts to the Γ point and increases to 2.59 eV. The Monte Carlo (MC) simulations also indicate that TC of the T phase VSN can be effectively modulated by strain, reaching room temperature under a biaxial strain of -4%. These results show that VSN should be a promising functional material for future nanoelectronics.

Structural, Optical, Electrical and Photocatalytic Investigation of n-Type Zn2+-Doped α-Bi2O3 Nanoparticles for Optoelectronics Applications.

Herein, n-type pure and Zn2+-doped monoclinic bismuth oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by the citrate sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), photoluminescence (PL) analysis, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, and Hall effect measurements were used to study the effect of Zn2+ on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of nanoparticles. XRD revealed the monoclinic stable phase (α-Bi2O3) of all synthesized samples and the crystallite size of nanoparticles increased with increasing concentration of dopant. Optical analysis illustrated the red shift of absorption edge and blue shift of band gap with increasing concentration of dopant. Hall Effect measurements showed improved values (2.79 × 10-5 S cm-1 and 6.89 cm2/V·s) of conductivity and mobility, respectively, for Zn2+-doped α-Bi2O3 nanoparticles. The tuned optical band gap and improved electrical properties make Zn2+-doped α-Bi2O3 nanostructures promising candidates for optoelectronic devices. The degradation of methylene blue (MB, organic dye) in pure and zinc-doped α-Bi2O3 was investigated under solar irradiation. The optimum doping level of zinc (4.5% Zn2+-doped α-Bi2O3) reveals the attractive photocatalytic activity of α-Bi2O3 nanostructures due to electron trapping and detrapping for solar cells.

Efficacy of electrospun PAN/g-C3N4 nanofibers as a photocatalyst for the deterioration of hazardous azo dyes

PAN and PAN/g-C3N4 nanofibers were fabricated using the electrospinning technique. Meanwhile, g-C3N4 nanoflakes were synthesized using the thermal decomposition technique. The challenge of reusing powder catalysts was ultimately surmounted due to the use of dispersed g-C3N4. Characterization of the as-fabricated PAN/g-C3N4 NFs was performed employing wide-angle powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Vis spectrophotometry (UV–Vis), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms (BET) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). According to morphological studies, g-C3N4 nanoflakes get uniformly decorated over PAN fibers with a greater specific surface area and smaller band gap than g-C3N4, exhibiting maximal uniformity in dispersion. Under solar light irradiation, PAN (71%), g-C3N4 (84%), and PAN/g-C3N4 nanofibers (95%) showed excellent photocatalytic performances for the degradation of Methyl orange dye (MO) in 120 min with 95% degradation. Similarly, PAN (61%), g-C3N4 (72%), and PAN/g-C3N4 nanofibers (91%) showed photocatalytic performances for the degradation of Congo red dye (CR) in 160 min with 91% degradation. This effective degradation was due to a shift in band gap with high porosity of PAN/g-C3N4 NFs compared to pure materials such as PAN and g-C3N4.

Flexural vibration suppression behavior of sleeved phononic crystal pipes in thermal environment

Design idea of phononic crystal has been introduced into vibration suppression of pipes and presents expected effects. During service period, thermal environment is a common factor that may change the dynamic behavior of system. In this work, thermal influences on wave attenuation effect are studied for the single-component PC pipe which is constructed by attaching sleeves to the original bare pipe. Under the preloading effect of thermal stresses, flexural wave bandgap shifts toward the lower frequency range with temperature increment. Bandwidth gets wider for pipes with sleeves of a relative length larger than 0.5, while the bandgap narrows down or even closes up for pipes with shorter sleeves. The opposite variation trends are caused by the reversal of edge modes and the unequal responses of the two edge frequencies to thermal stress stiffness. Deeper reason is the discrepancy in determining factor for frequency between the two edge modes. As a result, the two edge frequency loci drop asynchronously under thermal load, and the transition point of bandgap shifts leftward. A thermo-vibrational joint test system is constructed and flexural wave transmittance is measured, for the first time, for a heated PC pipe. Experimental phenomena and simulation results suggest that the initial deflection and non-ideal constraint of the specimen make the attenuation band present opposite variation trends compared to the ideal model. The former strengthens the stiffness of the PC pipe, and the latter weakens the thermal influence on the PC pipe. Both the two non-ideal factors have a more significant impact on starting frequency of the attenuation band due to the difference in sensitivity of bandgap edge frequencies to stiffness perturbation of the PC pipe.

Magnetic, Optical, Electrical and Antimicrobial Properties of MnCuZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles

AbstractThe Mn0.92Cu0.08‐yZnyFe2O4 (y=0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08) nanoparticles (MCZF NPs) were synthesized via the hydrothermal process at low operating temperature. The MCZF system generated a cubic spinel structure as seen by the X‐ray diffraction patterns. The average crystallite size was observed to be increasing from 25 to 30 nm. The broad (γ1) and narrow (γ2) absorption bands were seen in FTIR spectra and the cation distributions at tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites, respectively, was indicated. The surface morphology was analyzed using electron microscopy. Clarification was provided for the dependence of the optical bandgap shift (Eg~1.96–2.15 eV) on the concentration of substituent. The superparamagnetic nature of MCZF can be advantageous for biomedical applications and it was demonstrated by the magnetization versus applied magnetic field (M−H) loops. Small values of remanence magnetization (Mr) and coercivity (Hc) were found using magnetization versus magnetic field (M−H) curves at y=0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08. This proved that MCZF NPs exhibited the superparamagnetic behavior. The cation distribution at two sublattices was also estimated using a two‐sublattice model. The greatest zone of inhibition in an antibacterial study of MCZF (produced by the green method) was 10.8 mm for Pseudomonosa aeruginosa and 9.4 mm for Staphylococcus aureus.