Land Settlement Research Articles

Sustainable coastal reclamation for community welfare in Bangkalan Regency, Madura Island, East Java

Rapid population growth and the market expansion in various sectors in Bangkalan Regency have contributed to a rise in land demand. Therefore, the creations of new areas through land/coastal reclamation projects are taken place in this region. Based on this phenomenon, this study aims to analyze the potential and benefits of reclamation in Bangkalan Regency. The study uses a socio-legal approach and is a field research with verstehen (hermeneutic) approach. Data were obtained from informants, especially residents who have benefited from reclaimed land, village apparatus, and related agencies. Data were analyzed using triangulation technique. The results of the study found that in Bangkalan Regency, tourism in reclaimed land involves coastal communities, including fishermen, to manage the area, and it can improve community welfare. Furthermore, reclaimed land is used to expand their current land for settlement and business, as well as for the development of natural resource conservation such as mangroves and fish ponds. Reclaimed land in Bangkalan Regency is used for tourist destinations and settlement areas for the communities with their business.

Tierras por razón de pueblo: ejidos y fundos legales de los pueblos de indios durante la época colonial

<p>Durante el virreinato a los pueblos de indios se les reconoció una cantidad de tierra mínima para asentamiento y subsistencia a la cual se le denominó de diferentes formas hasta conocerse en el siglo XVIII como tierras de ejido y de fundo legal. El presente estudio pretende aportar elementos históricos sobre la aplicación de estas figuras jurídicas en la asignación de tierras a los pueblos de indios en las jurisdicciones de la Nueva España y la Nueva Galicia, así como las confusiones y los cambios semánticos que en el tiempo tuvieron ambos conceptos.</p>

Freshness, Freedom, and Peace?: Land Settlement in Scotland after the Great War

This article will attempt to look at the wider context of 1919 and its meaning in historical chronology. The 1919 Land Settlement Act was an uncontroversial intervention in this important year but was embedded in the deeper history of the Highland land question, rather than the immediate moment of 1919, which was dominated by other concerns. The article will suggest that viewing 1919 as an end point is misleading, in both the history of the land question and in a wider sense. The act settled large numbers of people on the land but it did not provide a settlement of the land question in Scotland. The article will draw on extensive evidence from the newspaper press in the north of Scotland in 1919 to look at the wider issues that confronted readers and, thereby, attempt to place the Land Settlement Act in its wider context.

Demobilised Soldiers, Small Holdings Colonies and the Compulsory Acquisition of Land after World War One: Scotland and Canada

This article compares the Small Holdings Colonies Acts (1916 and 1918) for demobilized WWI soldiers in Britain upon which the Land Settlement (Scotland) Act of 1919 was established; and similar small holdings colonies for demobilized soldiers in Canada with a particular focus on provisions for the state to engage in compulsory acquisition of land for this purpose. My research shows in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland, colonies and compulsory acquisition of land under the 1919 Act were part of a larger land reform movement (breaking up large estates) and represent progressive advances for traditional occupants – the crofters and tenant farmers – to have rights over their own lands. In Canada, on the other hand, domestic colonies for British soldiers served to displace indigenous peoples from their reserves already vastly diminished compared to traditional territories. The compulsory acquisition of land through surrenders from reserves compounded the problem. As such colonies in Canada had negative impacts on indigenous peoples as part of an ongoing settler colonization process. Thus I show that small holdings colonies particularly when combined with compulsory acquisition of land work in opposite directions normatively and materially in each country.

Highland Agency and Land Settlement Schemes

Highland Agency and Land Settlement Schemes

Settler-Missionary Alliance in Colonial Kenya and the Land Question

This article sets out to demonstrate the hugger-muggers that oiled the existence of an unholy alliance between European settler-farmers and missionaries—the Anglicans and Presbyterians and/or the Protestant wing in particular—in 20th century Kenya and East Africa, and especially on land policies. With land for settlement being the key factor to both missionaries and settler-farmers, the land question undoubtedly became one of the major factors that glued them together in colonial Kenya (1895–1963). Was the settler-missionary alliance meant to hurt the same people whom the missionaries had come to convert to the God of Christendom? Most importantly, how did the missionaries relate with the African chiefs regarding the land question, especially with reference to Kirinyaga County of central Kenya? This further drives us to wonder: Was the Devonshire White Paper of 1923 and/or the Indian Question related to the land question? The article sets out on the premise that while land remained the most prized commodity in colonial Kenya (1895–1963) and the entire 20th century, the 21st century has seen the church—and especially the afro-Pentecostal wing of the church—focusing on money and wealth without necessarily focusing on land. In its methodology, the article has heavily relied on archival resources, unpublished works, and field work materials, especially with regard to Kirinyaga County of central Kenya where oral sources on missionaries and land acquisition were sought. It also reviewed existing literature regarding settler-missionary alliances, especially on land-related matters.

Conversion of crop land use to plantation land use, northwest Ethiopia

This study was conducted in the northwest highlands of Ethiopia to, (i) map the different land use types and detect land use changes between 2000 and 2017, (ii) assess whether A. Decurrens plantation brings a land use change, and (iii) evaluate the role of A. Decurrens plantation on man-made forest cover change. ArcGIS 10.3 was used for spatial analysis and mapping while ERDAS Imagine 9.2 was used for land use classification and change detection. Landsat images were used to generate the land use maps using unsupervised and supervised classification methods. Cultivated land, wetland, natural forest and bare lands were declining whereas plantation, grazing land and settlement lands were expanding. Plantation cover was the most expanded land use type, which increased by 16%. A. Decurrens plantation was found to be the main reason in changing the land use from crop based land use to plantation land use. Man-made plantation was also increased because of A. Decurrens plantation. Moreover, A. Decurrens planation based land use was found to be a means to rehabilitate the degraded mountainous areas by reducing soil erosion and increasing the fertility of the soil through nitrogen fixation.

Developments carrying capacity land of settlement in the Suburban of Mamminasata, Maros Regency, Indonesia

The growth of Makassar city as a national activity center of Mamminasata Metropolitan produces a high current of urbanization so that development leads to a suburban area which is one of which is in Maros Regency, which functions as the satellite city of Mamminasata. Population growth will certainly require shelter as one of the mandatory needs of the community. The purpose of this study is to determine the carrying capacity land of settlement in the suburban area of Mamminasata, especially the Maros Regency. The method in calculating the carrying capacity of the land is by comparing the supply and demand of settlement land. Land suitable for settlement development is 109,052 hectares, while the need for settlement of land in the next 20 years (2038) is 5,572 hectares. The conclusion of the study is the carrying capacity land of settlement in the suburban area of Mamminasata, which is still in a state of surplus, meaning that there is still a lot of lands that can be developed as settlements in line with the development of new cities in the periphery as anticipation of settlement land needs that cannot be met in Makassar City.

Башкирская тема в работах оренбургского краеведа начала ХХ века П.Л. Юдина

The article presents data on the studies by P.L. Yudin, a Russian historian-archivist of the beginning of the 20th century, local historian, a member of several scholarly archival commissions, who being a native of the Orenburg Region, dedicated his scientific activity to the study of multinational South Ural. For the first time, the Bashkir theme – research about the culture, history and people of Bashkiria – stands out in the scientist's legacy. Methods of research: analysis of the works of the scientist about Bashkir history, its culture and people, published in the magazines, newspapers. Based on the analysis of scientist’s works the following aspects of the study of Bashkiria by P.L. Yudin are distinguished: the historical past of the region – the settlement of Bashkir lands, a description of the Bashkir cities, the lives and mode of life of their inhabitants, archival data on the participation of the Bashkirs in the Pugachev uprising, the personality of V.A. Perovsky, Orenburg military governor general of the early 19th century, his military campaigns and citations about him in Bashkir history, historical visits to the Ufa Governorate by historical figures, including Emperor Alexander I, preparation for such visits, religious beliefs of the Bashkir population. Conclusion. The importance of studies by P.L. Yudin and the relevance of his archival finds for ethnography, ethnology and modern historical science is denoted as well.

Urbanization and Decline of Old Growth Windbreak Trees on Private Homesteads: A Case Study in Ryukyu Island Villages, Japan

Urban trees are under unprecedented pressure and competition worldwide with other land uses. Homestead windbreaks in urban areas are an important part of urban forests because of their proximity to settlements. To aid in the conservation of old-growth homestead trees in the urban setting on Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, this article surveys the dimensions and spatial distribution of century-old trees planted as windbreaks along homestead borderlines on Ishigaki Island in the Ryukyu Archipelago and the historical change caused by urban sprawl. The homesteads studied in this article do not match the scale of a traditional Western context and usually consist of an area of less than 200 square meters on Okinawa. A combined approach consisting of field surveys and the study of aerial photos was applied to identify changes in spatial distribution of tree lines surrounding the houses in 1945, 1972 and the present. We measured the dimensions of 1659 Fukugi trees with a minimum diameter at breast height (DBH) of 5 cm. The mean tree height, mean DBH and mean estimated tree age were 7.3 m, 26.9 cm and 107.5 years, respectively. Homestead trees are not only useful as windbreaks, timber sources and musical instruments, but have also been historically resilient in the face of strong typhoons and catastrophic tsunamis in the region. Over 60% of the surveyed trees were planted on the east and north sides of homesteads as protection from typhoons and monsoonal winds in the winter. In addition to G. subelliptica, other tree species, namely Podocarpus macrophyllus and Diospyros egbert-walkeri, have been commonly used as homestead windbreaks. However, homestead windbreaks in highly urbanized regions are generally declining and have experienced fragmentation, lower tree density and shorter tree height than those in rural areas. Because of the small number of trees older than 200 years, we assume that high urbanization has jeopardized old-growth trees. The demand for settlement land dramatically increases as the population increases and household-size decreases, creating more households. Therefore, a conservation project involving multiple stakeholders must be developed to conserve old-growth trees in urban settings.

Health promotion for migrants in Morocco: Progress, challenges et prospects

Abstract Morocco has become a land of permanent settlement for migrants. In promoting their health, we have made a significant progress with persistence of challenges Progress: Development and implementation of a National Strategy to promote the health of migrantsFree access to primary care and emergency care and screening services;Free access to health coverage program for regular migrants. Challenges: Development of a health surveillance system for the migrant populationStrengthening the skills of healthcare professionals to take care of the specific health needs of the migrant population (tropical diseases);Strengthening of medical, psycho-social assistance for migrants, protection of particularly vulnerable categories (women and children) and intersectoral coordination;Stimulate action by civil society and the community in promoting the health of migrants. Prospects for action: Integrate migrant health data into the health information system of health facilities and health programs;Develop and implement a health education plan adapted to the specificities of migrant populations;Establish a network of hospital units specializing in tropical pathology, acting as national reference teams;Define and implement a capacity building program for health professionals (doctors, nurses and social workers);Support civil society organizations to improve their intervention capacity in the area of migrant health.

The Study Degree of Saturation on Toll Road Access Based on Changes in Urban Settlement Land

Changes in land use that are not in harmony with the growth in the number of vehicles cause congestion and decrease in the speed of travel. Toll road access is one of the important ways to decrease traffic jams in cities that require smooth traffic flow. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of service level of toll road access to land use changes from residential environments to commercial areas. The analytical method was used to use multiple regression analysis to estimate traffic generation from changes in commercial land use. The degree of saturation of road toll access before land use change shows DS values of 0.56 to 0.65 which were analyzed at peak morning hours. This was an indication of the smooth flow of traffic. After there was a change in land use shown from the trip generation from the commercial area with the equation Y = 2.554 + 1.143 X3 + 1.041 X4 + 1.011 X5 +1.256 X6 + 1.2045 X7 with the significance of the model R2 = 0.91. So that due to changes in land use, the toll access point was higher with changes in the degree of saturation 0.6 to 1.2.

Localized Subsidence Zones in Gävle City Detected by Sentinel-1 PSI and Leveling Data

Among different sets of constraints and hazards that have to be considered in the management of cities and land use, land surface subsidence is one of the important issues that can lead to many problems, and its economic consequences cannot be ignored. In this study, the ground surface deformation of Gävle city in Sweden is investigated using the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) technique as well as analyzing the historical leveling data. The PSI technique is used to map the location of hazard zones and their ongoing subsidence rate. Two ascending and descending Sentinel-1 datasets, collected between January 2015 and May 2020, covering the Gävle city, were processed and analyzed. In addition, a long record of a leveling dataset, covering the period from 1974 to 2019, was used to detect the rate of subsidence in some locations which were not reported before. Our PSI analysis reveals that the center of Gävle is relatively stable with minor deformation ranged between −2 ± 0.5 mm/yr to +2 ± 0.5 mm/yr in vertical and east–west components. However, the land surface toward the northeast of the city is relatively subsiding with a higher annual rate of up to −6 ± 0.46 mm/yr. The comparison at sparse locations shows a close agreement between the subsidence rates obtained from precise leveling and PSI results. The regional quaternary deposits map was overlaid with PSI results and it shows the subsidence areas are mostly located in zones where the subsurface layer is marked by artificial fill materials. The knowledge of the spatio-temporal extents of land surface subsidence for undergoing urban areas can help to develop and establish models to mitigate hazards associated with such land settlement.

Two decades of settlement of Hong Kong International Airport measured with multi-temporal InSAR

The Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) was constructed on a platform mainly reclaimed from the sea. The platform has experienced some significant settlement since its operation in 1998 due mainly to consolidation of the materials used in the land reclamation. Although some studies have been carried out to measure the settlement with techniques such as Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), the past studies have each only covered some limited time periods. Therefore, a complete history of settlement since the operation of the Airport has never been available to aid the understanding of the spatiotemporal behavior of the land settlement. We attempt for the first time to make full use of most of the available SAR data from multiple SAR sensors (ERS-2, ENVISAT ASAR, COSMO-SkyMed (CSK), and Sentinel-1A) to generate a settlement time series of the HKIA over 1998–2018 with an improved multi-temporal InSAR technique. In order to fill the time gaps between the different SAR datasets, a settlement model is developed based on the InSAR measurements. The results reveal both the spatial and temporal variations of the land settlement. They also show for the first time that the accumulative settlement reaches up to 40 cm over the past two decades. The settlement is largely associated with the material types used in the landfill works and the underlying alluvial sediments as some earlier research has indicated, and the stages of the reclamation works. The results are validated through cross-validation between the datasets and with leveling and GPS measurements on the Airport platform.

Land suitability evaluation in agricultural landscape planning to support food security of Tomohon City, North Sulawesi

Abstract. Tumbelaka S, Saroinsong FB. 2020. Land suitability evaluation in agricultural landscape planning to support food security of Tomohon City, North Sulawesi. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 6: 594-599. The transformation of agricultural land into land for trade, tourism and settlement has increased from year to year. This causes the decrease in agricultural land. One effort to limit the transfer rate is the planning of agricultural land in accordance with the potential of land resources by taking into account the target of the national food security program that is diversification of food based on local resources. Evaluation of land suitability in determining types of food crops planted on land in certain locations based on the values ??of land characteristics is needed as a support for decision making in agricultural landscape planning. This study aims to plan and determine the locations of agricultural land in the Tomohon city that are for several types of food crops to support food diversification, using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. The long-term goals are sustainable management of natural resources and the environment (SDAL) and food security. This research method uses land suitability evaluation methods. Land suitability classes consist of very suitable (S1), reasonably appropriate (S2), marginal appropriate (S3) and unsuitable (N) classes. The results showed that there were several agricultural commodities that could be cultivated in Tomohon city agricultural land besides rice, in the context of diversifying carbohydrate food, namely sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), taro (Colocasia esculenta) and banana (Musa paradisiaca) such as pisang goroho, pisang sepatu, etc. The types of food plants that can be sought besides rice are the types of plants that have long been known to the community as local food sources in the city of Tomohon. Based on the land suitability map obtained, the highly land (S1) for rice, sweet potato and taro and sufficiently land (S2) for banana plants needs to be optimized for management to support diversification and food security.

Hard Nanomaterials in Time of Viral Pandemics.

The SARS-Cov-2 pandemic has spread worldwide during 2020, setting up an uncertain start of this decade. The measures to contain infection taken by many governments have been extremely severe by imposing home lockdown and industrial production shutdown, making this the biggest crisis since the second world war. Additionally, the continuous colonization of wild natural lands may touch unknown virus reservoirs, causing the spread of epidemics. Apart from SARS-Cov-2, the recent history has seen the spread of several viral pandemics such as H2N2 and H3N3 flu, HIV, and SARS, while MERS and Ebola viruses are considered still in a prepandemic phase. Hard nanomaterials (HNMs) have been recently used as antimicrobial agents, potentially being next-generation drugs to fight viral infections. HNMs can block infection at early (disinfection, entrance inhibition) and middle (inside the host cells) stages and are also able to mitigate the immune response. This review is focused on the application of HNMs as antiviral agents. In particular, mechanisms of actions, biological outputs, and limitations for each HNM will be systematically presented and analyzed from a material chemistry point-of-view. The antiviral activity will be discussed in the context of the different pandemic viruses. We acknowledge that HNM antiviral research is still at its early stage, however, we believe that this field will rapidly blossom in the next period.

Efektifitas Pengendalian Banjir dengan Embung: Studi Kasus Taman Firdaus Universitas Sriwijaya

Flood is triggered by a decrease in catchment areas due to an increase in population, activities, and land requirements, both for settlements and economic activities. The flood occurs annually during the wet season at downstream of the campus of Sriwijaya University. In 2019, the downstream swampy land of about 100 ha was excavated and functioned as a retention basin or small reservoir called Embung. The reservoir at Taman Firdaus, Sriwijaya University, was designed by using spillway's top elevation at +5.00m. The objective of the research was to analyze the effectivity of the reservoir on the flood water level of the Kelekar river. One dimensional modelling was used to model the hydraulic routing through small reservoir and Kelekar river. Based on the results of the modeling, it can be seen that the reservoir at Taman Firdaus Universitas Sriwijaya could hold water as much as 1.446.409,39 m3, and lower the flood water level in the Kelekar River by approximately 1 to 1.5 meters.

Jual Beli Di Bawah Tangan Terhadap Lahan Tempat Tinggal Transmigran Di Nagari Ranah Palabi Kecamatan Timpeh Kabupaten Dharmasraya Provinsi Sumatera Barat (Studi Pada Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Dharmasraya Provinsi Sumatera Barat)

ABSTRACT
 The registration of land rights concerning title status, right subject, and right object is intended to guarantee legal certainty, legal protection, utility. According to UUPA, PP on Land Registration, and its derivation, it is one of the activities of safeguarding the land. The change in physical data and/or juridical data include the coverage of land registration data by transaction which can be proved with PPAT certificate. In reality, in Nagari Ranah Palabi, the transaction is done underhendedly on land title of the transmigrant settlement. The research problem is how about the cause, legal standing, and registration of the transfer of underhanded land transaction on the land right of transmigrant settlement. The research theories are the theory of legal certainty, theory of legal protection, and theory of utility. The research used juridical empirical and descriptive analytic method by analyzing primary data obtained directly from the people in the field. It wa done in Nagari Ranah Palabi, Timpeh Sub-district, Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatera Province.
 The result of the reseacrh shows that underhanded transaction of the land of transmigrant settlement includes inexpensive cost, quick process, and easy to do. Legal standing of the transactiondoes not meet material requiment since it is not a certificate made before a PPAT even thougt it is allowed materially. Consequently, it cannot be registered in the Land Office and filing the claim to Court cannot do the proceeding because there is no dispute in it. Therefore, the request for the right for the land cannot be accepted by the Court.
 It is recommended thet legal counseling about legal consequense of underhanded transaction of the land for residence be provided. Accurate regulation for the people on land right for residence concerning formal preprequisite should be made – certificate made before a PPAT for registering land title transfer. Concerning the absence of the seller or ‘afwezigheid’ the buyer has the right to lodge a request the land right in the transmigrant land.
 Keywords : Land Transaction;Land for Residence;Transmigrant.

Generalized Polynomial Chaos Expansion for Fast and Accurate Uncertainty Quantification in Geomechanical Modelling

Geomechanical modelling of the processes associated to the exploitation of subsurface resources, such as land subsidence or triggered/induced seismicity, is a common practice of major interest. The prediction reliability depends on different sources of uncertainty, such as the parameterization of the constitutive model characterizing the deep rock behaviour. In this study, we focus on a Sobol’-based sensitivity analysis and uncertainty reduction via assimilation of land deformations. A synthetic test case application on a deep hydrocarbon reservoir is considered, where land settlements are predicted with the aid of a 3-D Finite Element (FE) model. Data assimilation is performed via the Ensemble Smoother (ES) technique and its variation in the form of Multiple Data Assimilation (ES-MDA). However, the ES convergence is guaranteed with a large number of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, that may be computationally infeasible in large scale and complex systems. For this reason, a surrogate model based on the generalized Polynomial Chaos Expansion (gPCE) is proposed as an approximation of the forward problem. This approach allows to efficiently compute the Sobol’ indices for the sensitivity analysis and greatly reduce the computational cost of the original ES and MDA formulations, also enhancing the accuracy of the overall prediction process.

IDENTIFIKASI EMISI CO₂ PADA PENGGUNAAN LAHAN PERMUKIMAN DI KECAMATAN MLATI KABUPATEN SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the greenhouse gas that play a role in increasing air temperature and global warming. The increasing trend of greenhouse gas over time requires estimation efforts for anticipation and reduction. This research was conducted Mlati sub district, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, in which there are types of rural and urban areas. This study aims to determine the amount of CO2 emissions in the form of settlement land and predict future CO2 emissions.The method used is Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling. Data collection using survey methods, questionnaires and interviews. The calculated variable is household domestic activity in the amount of cooking fuel, transportation fuel, used electric power and waste generated. Data analysis in this study used descriptive analysis, graphical analysis, statistical analysis, and spatial analysis CO₂rural emission value is 90,576,231.93 KgCO₂ / Year, urban 183.878.846,2 KgCO₂ / Year. CO2 emission projection value in Mlati sub-district for 2020: 380.966.673.9 KgCO₂ / Year, year 2025: 394.723.846,3 KgCO₂ / Year and year 2030: 408.481.018,7 KgCO₂ / Year Keywords: CO2 Emissions, Domestic Activities, Land use of Settlement