Setting Theory Research Articles

Teachers’ Lesson Observation Practices and Its Effect on Learners’ Academic Achievement in Public Secondary Schools in Nandi East Sub-County, Kenya

The aim of the study was to establish the effect of teachers' lesson observation practices on learners' academic achievement in Public Secondary Schools in Nandi East Sub-County, Kenya. The study was anchored on Edwin Locke's Theory of goal setting. The study adopted both descriptive survey research design and correlation research design. The study targeted 336 respondents, which comprised 30 principals, 30 deputy principals, 274 teachers, one Quality Assurance and Standards Officer, and one Director of Education in the sub-county. The sample size was 152 respondents, while the study adopted simple random and purposive sampling techniques. The study used both primary and secondary data. Data were collected using a questionnaire, interview-guide, and documentary analysis guide. The study adopted content validity, which was tested using experts' opinions. The study used Cronbach's Alpha method to test reliability. Data collected were analyzed using percentages, frequency distribution and mean. Inferential statistics were used to determine the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables using Chi-square. Results were as follows: lesson observation practices of teachers had χ2 = (283.718, p<0.05). The study concluded that teachers' lesson observation practices contribute to improvement in learners' academic achievement. The study recommended that lesson observation practices should be done regularly as it helps to improve teachers' school attendance.

Enhancing child rights protection in Nigeria through artificial intelligence (AI)

This study explored how Artificial Intelligence (AI) could be used to promote child protection. Critical literature review method was employed in the exploration of the state-of-the-art literature on AI. The study was anchored on the Agenda Setting Theory and the Media and Precaution Adoption Model. It was ascertained that AI could be used positively to enhance child protection. Also, there are some challenges in the use of AI for child protection, some of which are : low awareness in the media, sharenting by parents, non-human-centric AI design by technology industries, and ignorance of some security operatives in the use of AI applications online. It is recommended among other things that parents should not compromise the privacy of their children through sharenting and should monitor the type of information their children are exposed to through AI technologies. States should devise concrete measures to implement child rights acts that are already in the constitution ; ensure that information is available to children themselves on exercising their rights ; the media should create awareness about the use of AI in child protection ; and that the technology industry should design child-friendly AI systems.

The Achievement of Goals Related to Employee Performance in Private Sector Organizations Provides Significant Insights

The accomplishment of objectives within the context of employee performance in private sector organizations offers valuable perspectives for the advancement of Goal-Setting Theory. The researchers observed that private banking experienced a decline in employee performance during the pandemic. This study aims to address the existing research gap concerning the factors influencing employee performance. Additionally, the innovative findings from this research contribute to the understanding of a model designed to enhance employee task performance, thereby enriching the theoretical framework of goal-setting motivation integrated into a new business support platform for sustainable operations. Consequently, the research methodology was implemented according to a validated strategy, employing data analysis that encompassed all latent variables and their respective dimensions. The overall findings significantly advance the body of knowledge related to Goal Setting Theory (GST), facilitating a synthesis aimed at improving employee task performance.

Influence of Foreign Media Bias in Shaping Perceptions of the Sudan Armed Forces- Rapid Support Forces Conflict in Khartoum, Sudan

Intra-state conflicts in Africa in the post-Cold War period have been complex with far reaching consequences. The civil conflicts have at the same time influenced and shaped global and regional dynamics. In April 2019 the Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) jointly overthrew the regime of Sudan President Omar al-Bashir. In January 2023 a power struggle ensued over control of the Sudan State between the SAF and the RSF leading to a military confrontation.The foreign media was at the forefront in reporting the civil conflict to the international audience. Foreign media reporting is a powerful agent in shaping conflict perceptions through framing, agenda-setting and the dissemination of information. This study examined the influence of foreign media bias in shaping perceptions of the SAF-RSF conflict in Khartoum, Sudan. Two theories namely; framing and agenda setting theories informed this study. The framing theory explained how foreign media framed the SAF-RSF conflict, how these frames were received and the influence in shaping perceptions of the conflict. The Agenda-setting theory on the other hand offered a valuable framework for analyzing media influence on the perception of the SAF-RSF conflict. This study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. The study target population consisted of individuals who were exposed to foreign media reporting and had the potential to form perceptions about African conflicts. The research targeted the general population or residents residing within four cities in Kenya (Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu, and Nakuru). Using the Cochran formula, the total sample size was 384 respondents. The study also targeted international media houses located in or operating from Kenya. Primary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs). Secondary data was gathered from a range of sources including scholarly articles, books, reports, and online resources. The data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics to outline and interpret the main features. The findings revealed that framing and agenda-setting and bias in foreign media reporting significantly influenced and shaped perceptions of the conflict between the SAF and RSF.

Performance Management and Teacher Effectiveness in Primary Schools in Bulaago Coordinating Centre, Bulambuli District, Uganda

Abstract This study examined the relationship between performance management and teacher effectiveness in primary schools in Bulaago Coordinating Centre, Bulambuli District, Uganda. Informed by the Goal Setting Theory, performance management measured in terms of goal setting, performance appraisal and career development was related to teacher effectiveness Teachers’ effectiveness was also considered as a multi-dimensional concept covering content knowledge, personal conduct, pedagogical effectiveness, professional effectiveness and classroom management. This study employed the correlational research design on a sample of 102 teachers. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analysed using quantitative methods. Structural equation modelling (SEM) results revealed that while goal setting and career development had positive and significant relationship with teacher effectiveness, performance management appraisal had positive but insignificant relationship with teacher effectiveness. Therefore, it was concluded that goal setting is important for teacher effectiveness, the way of implementing performance appraisal does not enhance teacher effectiveness and career development is necessary for teacher effectiveness. Therefore, it is recommended that administrators should emphasize goal setting in the management of schools and improve the way of implementing appraisal. The Ministry of Education and Sports and school administrators should support teacher career development to enhance their effectiveness.

Penetapan Harga Jual pada Agribisnis Ayam Petelur Sumber Bungur dengan Metode Full Costing berdasarkan Teori Penetapan Harga dalam Islam

This research aims to determine price determination in the Sumber Bungur Laying Chicken Agribusiness in terms of the full costing method and price setting theory in Islamic economics. This research uses a quantitative descriptive research approach using interview, observation and documentation techniques. Price determination for the Sumber Bungur Laying Chicken Agribusiness is carried out by calculating the cost of production (HPP) using the full costing method, which uses markup pricing. Determining HPP is done by adding up raw material costs, direct labor costs, variable factory overhead costs, and fixed factory overhead costs. Apart from that, the selling price determination at the Sumber Bungur Laying Chicken Agribusiness is in accordance with the principles of price setting in Islamic economics, related to fairness, justice, and adjustment to conditions of supply and demand in the market.
 Keywords: Islamic Price Determination, Determining Selling Prices, Chicken Agribusiness

TEORI KOMUNIKASI AGENDA-SETTING DALAM K-POP: PERAN MEDIA TERHADAP MOTIVASI, KEPUASAN, DAN LOYALITAS FANS DALAM MENDUKUNG GRUP IDOLA

The agenda setting theory is a concept in communication studies that states that mass media has the ability to influence public attention by determining topics or issues that are considered important. In the context of K-Pop, media has an extraordinary capacity to influence the motivation, satisfaction, and loyalty of their fan base. The agenda setting theory affects the motivation, satisfaction, and loyalty of K-pop fans through mass media information that influences their experience. Positive media information increases fan satisfaction and loyalty, as well as motivates support for idol groups. Media shapes issues, influences attention, and plays a crucial role in marketing strategies and influencing fan loyalty to K-pop. Media creates narratives that affect the motivation, satisfaction, and loyalty of fans.

Theory and practice of agenda setting: understanding media, bot, and public agendas in the South Korean presidential election

ABSTRACT Social media not only changes the traditional communication environment, but also introduces new modifications to agenda setting. With the increasing use of social bots in public opinion manipulation and political election interference, whether they can participate in or influence agenda setting has become an urgent concern. Currently, there is limited literature focusing on engagement in agenda-setting for social bots agenda setting. This paper examines the content of social media discussion related to the South Korean presidential election, identifies the presence of social bots, and explores the relationships between media agenda, bot agenda, and public agenda from the perspective of agenda setting. The study found that although the primary agendas of the media, social bots, and the public are not identical, they are interconnected. Furthermore, the media agenda does not precede the bot agenda and the public agenda in terms of timeliness, and chronological order is only observed between social bots and the public.

Tracing the Flow of Climate Change Frames: Intermedia Agenda Setting Between Twitter and News Media in the US and the UK

This study integrates agenda setting and framing theory to explore the transmission of climate change frames between newspapers and Twitter in the US and the UK. A set of computational methods was applied to identify five prevailing climate change frames—cause, impact, action, real, and hoax—in 230,000 tweets and 20,000 news articles from 2016 to 2021. At the cross-national level, a symmetrical relationship was found on Twitter between the US and the UK, which indicates their mutual influence on social-media discussions of climate change. Within each country, the US news media had a stronger agenda-setting influence on public climate change discussions on Twitter, whereas news coverage and social-media discussions in the UK were relatively isolated. The use of the cause frame in the US media coverage often led to the presence of the hoax, action, impact, and cause frames in Twitter conversations, whereas the action frame in the UK media coverage led to the presence of the hoax, real, and impact frames in Twitter discussions. The findings have implications for the dynamics of framing processes that shape public attention and the understanding of climate issues cross-nationally.

Women’s involvement on family firm boards of directors and their role in family business succession as seen through the lens of socio-emotional wealth and goal setting theory

L’avantage de la diversité des genres dans les conseils d’administration des entreprises familiales (EF) continue de susciter un intérêt croissant. Dans cet article, nous examinons les objectifs des femmes qui occupent un poste au sein du conseil d’administration d’une entreprise familiale. La fixation d’objectifs a été utilisée pour identifier ce qu’elles veulent accomplir ici. Comment font-elles la différence ? Nous répondons à cette question à travers le prisme théorique de la richesse socio-émotionnelle (SEW) et de la fixation d’objectifs. Nous contribuons à la littérature soutenant la diversité de genre dans la composition de conseils d’administration, soulignant les objectifs associés aux femmes dans les conseils d’administration des EF, et mettant en évidence leur rôle dans la succession des entreprises familiales.En s’appuyant sur la théorie du SEW et de la fixation d’objectifs, cette étude examine comment les objectifs des femmes influencent la succession. Guidées par la question de recherche, nos données rassemblent trois catégories d’objectifs poursuivis par les femmes dans les conseils d’administration.

The role of social media and confirmation bias in victimization: Information consumption and opinion polarization

Technological advancement has contributed to the smooth and fast communication system where social media remain the top priority for human kind. Confirmation bias is a cognitive bias of human tendency to deducting information. Therefore, getting biased through unconfirmed media stories became a disease to the modern society. This article aims to explore and analyse the phenomenon of confirmation bias in cyber media, focusing on its impact on information consumption and polarization of opinions within online environments. Drawing upon existing literature and theoretical frameworks, namely Social Identity Theory, Cognitive Dissonance Theory, Selective Exposure Theory, and Agenda Setting Theory, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms and effects of confirmation bias in the digital age. The research design combines qualitative analysis of selected scholarly articles and quantitative analysis of user data from social media platforms. The analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of the impact of confirmation biases in cyber media by synthesizing insights from scholarly literature and analysing user data. It helps identify the mechanisms through which confirmation biases manifest in online environments, sheds light on the potential consequences of such biases, and informs strategies for addressing and mitigating their effects.

China�s Afghan Policy: De Facto Recognition of The Taliban Regime

This study aims to investigate China�s proactive stance toward developing tight ties with the Taliban regime. The author applies external-internal setting theory to examine China�s reasons for not carrying out Government Recognition to Taliban regime along with rational choice theory to emphasize why the choice to recognize the Taliban only as a de facto is the best solution for China�s current national interests. To study China�s foreign policy, a qualitative-explanatory method with a deductive method is used. After analyzing China�s concerns about Xinjiang instability as one of the �5 Poisons� and China�s security projects and investments in Afghanistan and the South and Central Asia region due to the Taliban�s weak legitimacy, this paper concludes that the recognition of Taliban regime is not a priority agenda at this time. China prioritizes regional cooperation and international support due to Afghanistan-based terrorism.
 Keywords: Foreign Policy, China, Taliban, Afghanistan, De Facto Recognition

TVRI Sulbar Program In Preserving Mandar Culture In West Sulawesi

This research uses agenda setting theory as a way to look at the production process of local TVRI West Sulawesi broadcasts, starting from the design process to the broadcast stage and then looking at the public response to cultural broadcasts broadcast by TVRI West Sulawesi, as well as using hypodermic (syringe) theory to look at the factors. supporters and obstacles to TVRI West Sulawesi in broadcasting Mandar cultural content in West Sulawesi. The data sources for this research are employees of TVRI West Sulawesi, KPID West Sulawesi, humanists and broadcasting academics. Data collection methods used in research are observation, interviews and documentation. The data collection technique used is the inductive method. The results of this research show. TVRI West Sulawesi does not yet have a special cultural program, TVRI. The TVRI West Sulawesi program with a cultural theme comes from the national program, namely Indonesian Charm, the theme is dominated by cultural themes, the Indonesian Charm program is broadcast once a month and the program model is a documentary. The supporting factors for TVRI West Sulawesi in its cultural content are program support from TVRI Nasional and the inhibiting factors are human resources, budget and competition.

Influence of Yellow Card Campaigns on Knowledge , Attitude and Practices of Selected Social Media Subscribers in Ondo State

This study utilises a survey approach to explore the impact of yellow card campaigns on the awareness, attitudes, and practises of selected social media users in Ondo State. The theoretical framework is grounded in agenda setting and technological determin ism theories. A survey method employing a questionnaire was employed, targeting 392 subscribers of Ondo's First Lady, Betty Anyanwu Akeredolu, across Facebook and Twitter. Through statistical analysis, the results reveal the Yellow Card Campaign's success in creating extensive awareness among social media users, with 70% actively engaging with campaign materials on Betty's social media platforms. The campaign's efficacy in promoting a proactive stance against sex and gender based violence (SGBV) is acknowle dged by 58% of respondents, highlighting its effectiveness in conveying the core message. However, the study unveils a concerning reality, as 33.3% of respondents admit to experiencing sexual violations, underscoring a prevalent issue of SGBV in Ondo State . Notably, more than three quarters (77.3%) of those who reported being sexually violated chose to report the incidents to a nearby police station. Some victims hesitate to report incidents due to stigmatisation and fear, underscoring the imperative for ro bust support systems. The findings indicate a significant link between the initiation of the Yellow Card campaign and an increased likelihood of individuals reporting instances of sexual violation. In conclusion, the study posits that soci al media has play ed a pivotal role in the success of the Yellow Card Campaign against SGBV in Ondo State. The strategic utilization of social media as a primary tool for awareness creation, coupled with offline efforts, has proven highly effective.

Implementation of Agenda Setting Theory by Radio Republic of Indonesia Denpasar As A Media for Political Literacy

The development of information technology is now increasingly making it easier for people to receive information, because all the current news with technological advances, the media now provides easy access for its audience. Advances in information technology have had an impact on the mass media in presenting information, one of the mass media which has also experienced developments in presenting information to the public, namely radio. The purpose of this research is to find out the implementation of agenda theory by Radio Republik Indonesia Denpasar as a medium for political literacy. In this study using a qualitative descriptive research approach to the type of descriptive descriptive research. The data analysis techniques used in this study were data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The result of this research is that in implementing the agenda setting theory, Radio Republik Indonesia Denpasar has fulfilled its role as a political literacy media that provides education and knowledge to its listeners. However, this has not run optimally, due to the limitations of Radio Republik Indonesia Denpasar in reporting on political issues, so it is a challenge for Radio Republik Indonesia Denpasar to be able to package political information that is controversial in nature so as not to lead public opinion and genuinely educate listeners.

An Analysis of the Policy Change from One-Child to the Universal Two-Child in China -- Based on the Theories of the Advocacy Coalition Framework

In the early 20th century, China gradually adjusted its family planning policy due to the unbalanced population structure. From the selective two-child policy in 2013 to the universal two-child policy in 2016, China ended the one-child policy that had lasted for decades. In fact, after the implementation of the selective two-child policy, it has always been a hot topic of public debate. However, the government has been cautious about this issue and has yet to make a clear statement. After much debate, the universal two-child policy was introduced. The existing literature mainly analyzes the reason and purpose of introducing the two-child policy but rarely analyzes the policy agenda setting in the process of policy change. Therefore, this paper will analyze Chinas fertility system based on the agenda-setting processs internal mechanism. As the leading theory of agenda setting, the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) helps explain the causal relationship between the policy of one child and the policy of universal two-child policy in China; this provides a new perspective for understanding Chinas general and significant policy changes. Therefore, this paper will analyze the internal logic and the dynamic mechanism of the process of two-child policy change and assess the interpretation limits of the Advocacy Coalition Framework in the policy process in China.

INFLUENCE OF NEWSPAPER COVERAGE ON READERS’ COMPLIANCE WITH COVID- 19 PREVENTIVE MESSAGES IN NIGERIA

Understanding the elements that affect people's compliance with preventative measures has become essential for public health activities in the aftermath of the global Covid-19 epidemic. This study looks into how readers' compliance behaviours with Covid-19 preventive measures are influenced by newspaper coverage. The study adopts a quantitative research approach, using surveys and statistical analyses to assess the link between newspaper coverage and readers' compliance with Covid-19 prevention guidelines, using both Agenda Setting theory and the KAP model. The questionnaire was used to test participants' understanding of preventative measures, exposure to Covid-19 news coverage, and compliance with suggested guidelines. The study discovered that during the pandemic, newspapers had a substantial influence on readers in preventing the virus's spread. The findings shed light on the role of newspapers in shaping public behaviour during a health crisis and inform communication strategies to promote effective preventive practices. Ultimately, the study provided actionable insights for policy-makers, journalists, and health professionals to enhance public health outcomes and mitigate the spread of infectious diseases. The results provide insight into how newspapers affect public behaviour during a health emergency and provide guidance for communication methods to support successful preventative measures.

FRAMING RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR AND VLADIMIR PUTIN’S IMAGE: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF NEW YORK TIMES ONLINE COMMENTARY ARTICLES

The news of Russia launching a full-scale invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 shocked the world. However, the media has different interpretations of this invasion. Ukrainian and Western media use the term “war,” whereas the Russian media call it a “special military operation”. Storylines or frames provided by mass media greatly influence public perception of the situation. Once a frame has become extensive in media discourse, it raises the public’s expectation of the political legitimation actions by discussing the possible consequences of the crisis. From that perspective, this study examines the framing of the Russia-Ukraine war and Russian President Vladimir Putin’s image in one renowned America-based media, The New York Times Online. A qualitative content analysis of commentary articles under the “Opinion” column was performed. Two hundred twenty-nine commentary articles were content analysed from 24 February 2022 to 24 December 2022. The qualitative content analysis enables the study to scrutinise the framed content of the war and the constructive and destructive character of Putin’s image portrayal. Agenda setting and framing theory were used as the theoretical framework. The analysis inductively generates thematic frames by systemising the content of the articles. The findings reveal that Russia was framed as an unprovoked invader who has unmercifully onslaught Ukraine while Ukraine strives to put up an inspiring defence of its sovereignty. The image of Vladimir Putin carries a destructive character where the portrayal is conspiratorial and seclusive.

Komunikasi Penyiaran Pada Program Berita “Nusa Tenggara Barat Hari Ini”

Broadcast communication in the digital era, especially television media, has experienced very strict selection in the last few decades. Media corporations compete fiercely to captivate viewers with news coverage that provides insight and conveys information to the public. The West Nusa Tenggara TVRI News Program still exists to this day, although so far it has received little attention from the public. This research aims to identify the form, process and impact of broadcast communication on the news program "West Nusa Tenggara Today" broadcast by TVRI West Nusa Tenggara. Using a qualitative approach and data collection techniques using non-participant observation and using agenda setting theory to dissect each problem formulation. The research results show that the form of broadcast communication on the news program "West Nusa Tenggara Today" is carried out by verbal communication using language symbols. The communication process occurs when humans interact. The mass communication process is the delivery of messages from communicators to communicants using media as a tool to support the widespread dissemination of information. The impact of the news broadcast is to provide change, namely the knowledge gained. Viewers can obtain the latest information through well-communicated news broadcasts. The negative impact is that the broadcast that is broadcast can cause differences in perception regarding the meaning of the message, which will cause divisions.

An Analysis of the Movie Pride and Prejudice from the Perspective of Social Psychology and Sociology

Social psychology is closely related to popular life; therefore, there are various applications of theories related to social psychology in many media. The film Pride and Prejudice has been widely concerned and discussed by the public since its book became a masterpiece across the world. This paper discusses how several specific social psychology theories and assumptions were put forward and used in the development of the heroine's plot. It analyzes the view of marriage from the perspective of sociology, in order to find out how to explain some of the role's behaviors from the perspective of social psychology. It uses the methodology of media analysis to draw a conclusion that there are mainly 3 theories and hypothesis related to social psychology which are shown in the characters behavior: Maslows Hierarchy Theory, Framing& Agenda Setting Theory, and The Contact Hypothesis. Furthermore, the author of the movie claims her advocation of marriage which is to pursue the combination of true love and economic situation in marriage.