Sesame Oil Research Articles

Sesame Detection in Food Using DNA-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles: A Sensitive, Rapid, and Cost-Effective Colorimetric Approach.

Food safety control is a key issue in the food and agriculture industries. For such purposes, developing miniaturized analytical methods is critical for enabling the rapid and sensitive detection of food supplements, allergens, and pollutants. Here, a novel bioanalytical methodology based on DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and colorimetric detection was developed to detect the presence of sesame (a major allergen) through sesame seed DNA as a target, in food samples. The presence of sesame DNA induces controlled nanoparticle aggregation/desegregation, resulting in a color change (from blue to red) proportional to sesame DNA concentration. The incorporation of multicomponent nucleic acid enzymes (MNAzymes) in this strategy has been carried out to perform an isothermal signal amplification strategy to improve the sensitivity of detection. Also, open-source software for color analysis was used to ensure an unbiased visual color-change detection, enhancing detection accuracy and sensitivity and opening the possibility of performing a simple and decentralized analyte detection. The method successfully detected the presence of sesame DNA in sesame seed, sesame oil, olive oil, and sunflower oil. In brief, the developed approach constitutes a simple and affordable alternative to perform a highly sensitive detection of DNA in food without complex methodologies or the requirement of expensive instrumentation.

Discrimination of pressed sesame oil: A comparison study of non-targeted UV spectral fingerprints combined with different chemometric methods

This study explores the utilization of various chemometric analytical methods for determining the quality of pressed sesame oil with different adulteration levels of refined sesame oil using UV spectral fingerprints. The goal of this study was to provide a reliable tool for assessing the quality of sesame oil. The UV spectra of 51 samples of pressed sesame oil and 420 adulterated samples with refined sesame oil were measured in the range of 200–330 nm. Various classification and prediction methods, including linear discrimination analysis (LDA), support vector machines (SVM), soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), partial least squares regression (PLSR), support vector machine regression (SVR), and back-propagation neural network (BPNN), were employed to analyze the UV spectral data of pressed sesame oil and adulterated sesame oil. The results indicated that SVM outperformed the other classification methods in qualitatively identifying adulterated sesame oil, achieving an accuracy of 96.15%, a sensitivity of 97.87%, and a specificity of 80%. For quantitative analysis, BPNN yielded the best prediction results, with an R2 value of 0.99, RMSEP of 2.34%, and RPD value of 10.60 (LOD of 8.60% and LOQ of 28.67%). Overall, the developed models exhibited significant potential for rapidly identifying and predicting the quality of sesame oil.

Effect of micelle concentration on degumming of sesame oil (Sesamum indicum L) with ultrafiltration membrane

Abstract Sesame oil (Sesamum indicum L.) is obtained from roasted and pressed sesame seeds. The existence of phospholipids and contaminants in sesame oil is unfavorable, as it induces a darkening of the oil’s hue, thereby diminishing its oxidative stability. Failure to eliminate phospholipids compounds from sesame oil through the degumming process leads to a deterioration in quality thus influencing consumer acceptability. This research aimed to investigate the impact of micelle concentrations in hexanes-sesame oil mixture on the degumming process employing ultrafiltration membranes. This investigation involved the preparation of sesame oil through a procedure that entailed roasting at 180°C for 30 minutes, followed by pressing at a pressure of 140 kN for 5 minutes. Micelles of sesame oil roasted with hexane were prepared at concentrations of 20%, 25% and 30%. Moreover, the degumming of sesame oil micelles was accomplished by utilizing PES (Polyether sulfone) and PVDF (Polyvinylidene diflouride) ultrafiltration membranes and then by analyzing the resulting sesame oil’s properties. The results indicated that using a PVDF membrane for sesame oil degumming resulted in a higher permeate flux than a PES membrane. Furthermore, treatment with a 30% micelle concentration resulted in a yield of 70.63%, with phospholipid levels of 13.96 ppm and membrane rejection value of 92.9%.

Impact of Gundelia tournefortti extract on the polycystic ovarian syndrome

BackgroundPolycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects females ranging from age 16 to 45 years. PCOS significantly increases the risk of infertility, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension in women. Gundelia tournefortti has been shown to have various metabolic effects and has been utilized in Greco-Arab medicine for different pathological conditions. PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the effect of Gundelia tournefortii on the ovaries of PCOS in mice. Study Design: Female Balb/c Mice (n = 63) were randomly divided into seven groups. PCOS was induced using dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Post-disease induction, the mice were orally treated with 5 % Gundelia tournefortii aqueous extract. A group was pre-co treated with DHEA and the extract. Negative control included sham and sesame oil. Metformin was used as a positive control. MethodsHistological analysis of the ovaries was performed. The levels of Testosterone and Estradiol in the serum were determined. The indicators of oxidative stress Glutathione (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) were quantified along with the proinflammatory marker IL-1B using colorimetric analysis and ELISA. The effect of the extract on steroidogenic enzymes CYP11A1 and Aromatase was assessed using Western blot analysis. ResultsA decrease of apparent follicular cysts in the ovaries was observed after treatment with Gundelia tournefortii extract. The levels of serum Testosterone and Estradiol decreased post treatment of PCOS mice with the extract. The markers of oxidative stress were all normalized in the treatment group compared to the control group. The extract caused a decrease in IL-1β decreased in the treatment group. Finally, post-treatment with Gundelia tournefortii was able to restore Aromatase expression and repress expression of CYP11A1. ConclusionOur study showed that Gundelia tournefortii was able to restore all negative parameters induced by DHEA making the extract a plausible therapeutic agent for PCOS.

Effect of the composition of combined solid lipid particles with gefitinib and a photosensitizer on their size, stability and cytotoxic activity

The creation of combined nanomedicines and their controlled release under the influence of photoinduction is an actively developing branch of scientific research. This work is devoted to the development of models of solid lipid nanoparticles for a well-known antitumor drug – gefitinib in combination with a photoindicating agent – a photosensitizer from the phthalocyanine group. Nanoparticles were obtained by several methods: hot homogenization with stearic acid, sesame oil and Tween 80 and by one-step dispersion with copolymers of lactic and glycolic acids and polyvinyl alcohol. In vitro experiments when irradiating particles with a laser in the near-infrared range (about 730 nm) proved the advantage of using combined nanoparticles with gefitinib and a photosensitizer compared to monotherapy, while the activity in terms of IC50 was 5.1-8.7 times higher for gefitinib and 1.5-1.8 times for the photosensitizer.

The effect of different edible oils on body weight: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundObesity is a major public health issue with no definitive treatment. The first-line approach for obesity is lifestyle modification, including a healthy diet. Although the amount of fat has been considered, there is no network meta-analysis (NMA) study investigating the effect of edible oils on body weight. Therefore, we sought to investigate the effect of different edible oils on body weight using a systematic review and NMA study of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodPubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to April 2019. RCTs of different edible oils for body weight were included. A frequentist network meta-analysis was conducted to appraise the efficacy of different types of edible oils, and the Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Curve (SUCRA) was estimated. The GRADE framework was used to assess the certainty of evidence.ResultsForty-two eligible studies were included. Most of the included trials examined the effect of olive oil compared to canola oil (n = 7 studies), followed by canola oil compared to sunflower oil (n = 6 studies), and olive oil compared to sunflower oil (n = 4 studies). Sesame oil had the highest SUCRA value for reducing weight (SUCRA value = 0.9), followed by the mixture of canola and sesame oil (0.8). Palm oil and soy oil were ranked the lowest (SUCRA value = 0.2).ConclusionThere is low to moderate certainty of evidence showing that soybean, palm, and sunflower oils were associated with weight gain, while sesame oil produced beneficial anti-obesity effects.

Effects of Sesamin in Animal Models of Obesity-Associated Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

As living standards have improved and lifestyles have undergone changes, metabolic diseases associated with obesity have become increasingly prevalent. It is well established that sesamin (Ses) (PubChem CID: 72307), the primary lignans in sesame seeds and sesame oil, possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of Ses on animal models of obesity-related diseases was performed to assess their impact on relevant disease parameters. Importantly, this study sought to provide insights for the design of future human clinical studies utilizing Ses as a nutritional supplement or drug. This study conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, identifying English language articles published from inception to April 2023. The search incorporated keywords such as "sesamin," "obesity," "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease," "type 2 diabetes mellitus," and "metabolic syndrome." The meta-analysis included 17 articles on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Overall, the pooled results demonstrated that Ses significantly reduced levels of total serum cholesterol (P = .010), total serum triglycerides (P = .003), alanine transaminase (P = .003), and blood glucose (P < .001), and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P = .012) in animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In the type 2 diabetes model, Ses mitigated drug-induced weight loss (P < .001), high-fat-diet-induced weight gain (P < .001), and blood glucose levels (P = .001). In the metabolic syndrome model, Ses was associated with a significant reduction in body weight (P < .001), total serum cholesterol (P < .001), total serum triglycerides (P < .001), blood glucose (P < .001), and alanine transaminase levels (P = .039). The meta-analysis results of this study suggest that Ses supplementation yields favorable effects in animal models of obesity-related diseases, including hypolipidemic, insulin-lowering, and hypoglycemic abilities, as well as organ protection from oxidative stress and reduced inflammation. PROSPERO registration No. CRD42023438502.

Optimization of biodiesel yield from waste cooking oil and sesame oil using RSM and ANN techniques

In the era of global energy crises and the pressing concern of fossil fuel depletion, the quest for sustainable alternatives has become paramount. The current study aims to optimize biodiesel extraction from a combination of waste cooking oil (WCO) and sesame seed oil (SSO) through response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). The cold flow properties of biodiesel produced from WCO are a major obstacle to the commercial use of biodiesel. On the other hand, SSO possesses better oxidation stability and cold flow properties. A mixture of waste cooking oil (i.e. 70 % by volume) and sesame seed oil (i.e. 30 % by volume) has been prepared for biodiesel production via a microwave-assisted transesterification process. For biodiesel yield optimization, the interaction among the operating parameters is developed by RSM, whereas biodiesel yield is predicted by ANN. The operating parameters include reaction speed, RPM (100–600 rpm), reaction time (1–5 min), methanol to oil ratio (8:1–12:1 v/v), and catalyst concentration (0.1–2 % w/w). The highest biodiesel yield of 94 % is found at a reaction speed of 350 rpm, reaction time of 3 min, catalyst concentration of 1.05 w/w, and methanol to oil ratio of 10:1. Furthermore, it is discovered that when estimating biodiesel production rate depending on reaction constraints, ANN shows lower comparative error compared to RSM. The results show that ANN outperforms RSM in terms of percentage improvement when it comes to biodiesel production prediction.

Effect of Oral Administration of Dehydroepiandrosterone on PCOS-Like Phenotype of Female C57BL/6 Mice

We aim to evaluate the efficacy and optimal dose of orally administered DHEA in the PCOS mice model by assessing their ovarian morphology and serum FSH, LH, and testosterone levels. Female C57BL/6 mice were divided into a control group (n=5, received daily injections of 0.2 ml sesame oil) and an experimental group, which was further classified into 1) D-45 group (n=5), 2) D-60 (n=5), and 3) D-90 group (n=5) that were treated with 45, 60, and 90 mg/Kg body weight of oral DHEA. After modelling, mice in the control group had a regular estrous cycle, while mice in all experimental groups had a disturbed estrous cycle. Ovarian histology showed several growing follicles and some corpora lutea (CL) in the control, D-60, and D-90 groups. However, some large antral follicles and decreased CL were observed in the D-45 group. Serum FSH was significantly lower in the D-45 group than in the control group (3.73 ± 0.12 vs. 5.28 ± 0.31 mIU/mL, P&lt;0.01), but D-60 and D-90 groups had a similar FSH level to the control group (P&gt;0.05). The serum level of LH and testosterone were significantly elevated in the D-45 group than in the control group (2.52 ± 0.43 vs. 1.30 ± 0.33 mIU/mL, P&lt;0.01 and 1.80 ± 0.32 vs. 1.24 ± 0.23 ng/mL, P&lt;0.01, respectively). Still, the level of LH and testosterone in the D-60 and the D-90 groups was comparable to the control group (P&gt;0.05). Our study suggests that oral administration of DHEA is efficacious in establishing PCOS-like phenotype in mice with the suggested optimal dosage of 45 mg/Kg body weight.

DHODH Alleviates Heart Failure via the Modulation of CoQ-Related Ferroptotic Inhibition.

Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome that seriously endangers human health and quality of life as the terminal stage of cardiovascular diseases. Ferroptosis as a new iron-dependent programmed cell death mode that is closely related to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) has been found to play a crucial role in inhibiting ferroptosis and improving mitochondrial function, and its expression can be upregulated by estradiol (E2). Recent studies have found that DHODH can inhibit ferroptosis by reducing coenzyme Q (CoQ) to CoQH2. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effect of up-regulation of DHODH on the pathological hypertrophy and fibrosis of heart failure and its mechanisms. The mouse heart failure model was established by transverse aortic constriction (TAC), surgery in mice. Two days after the operation, a subcutaneous injection of E2 or the same volume of sesame oil was given for 8 weeks. Then, the left ventricular systolic function related indicators of mice were measured by echocardiography, and the degree of myocardial fibrosis of mice was detected by histological analysis; the expression levels of heart failure markers were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and western blot (WB) analysis; the morphological changes of mitochondria in cardiac cells of mice were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Cell model were established by stimulating with phenylephrine for 96 hours. Ferroptosis markers were detected by kits and WB analysis. Mitochondrial function was verified by a JC-1 fluorescent probe, and 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining. The knockdown results were detected by WB analysis after transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) of CoQ. Fer-1 was added as a positive control to verify the ferroptosis-related changes of myocardial cells. In the animal model, we found that E2 treatment alleviates TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and suppresses cardiomyocyte ferroptosis by promotes DHODH upregulation in murine cardiomyocytes. In the cell model, DHODH upregulation protects against phenylephrine-induced cardiomyocytes with failure. However, the effect on up-regulating DHODH was inhibited by transfection to down-regulate CoQ expression. The up-regulation of DHODH could effectively ameliorate the manifestations of heart failure such as myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis in mice after TAC surgery, inhibit ferroptosis of cardiac myocytes, and ameliorate mitochondrial function. The mechanism involves CoQ-related biological processes.

Chemical and structural transformations of lignin in sesame seed hull during roasting

To investigate the mechanism of lignin degradation during sesame roasting, structural transformations of milled wood lignin (MWL) from sesame seed hull samples roasted at 190–250 °C for 30 min were investigated. The findings revealed that, with increasing temperature, the degradation extent of carbohydrates from lignin carbohydrate complex in the fractions deepened, which reduced total sugar content (from 8.59 % to 0.45 %). Compared to that of the original sesame seed hull lignin (LSSH), the molecular weight of MWL fractions showed a tendency to decline (Mw 4377–2235 Da) with the rise of roasting temperature (210–250 °C). During roasting, lignins in the sesame seed hull underwent degradation and condensation. Due to demethoxylation, the H-type lignin proportion increased from 2.7 % to 26.1 %. Compared to G- and C-type lignin, S-type lignin was more stable. The β-O-4 linkages decreased from 5.8 to 1.2/100 Ar due to CO bond breaking, and β-β linkages from 26.3 to 9.6/100 Ar decreased due to condensation of CC. As the roasting temperature increased, more chemical bonds between lignin structural units were broken, resulting in the generation of more phenolic hydroxyl groups (1.80–2.53 mmol/g). This study helps to elucidate the contribution of lignin degradation during roasting to the oxidative stability of sesame oil.

Food safety and surveillance studies on the quality of traditional cold-pressed edible vegetable oils

This study has been conducted to investigate quality and safety of cold-pressed vegetable oils processed at cottage level industries. A total number of 75 samples of coconut, groundnut, and sesame oils collected from different districts of Tamil Nadu, analyzed to ascertain its quality and safety in compliance with the Food Safety Standard Regulations (FSSR) of FSSAI, 2011. Physico – chemical, fatty acid profile, vitamin and trace elemental analysis were carried out. Results revealed that though some of the oils samples are complied with the specification as per the standard, but on the other side 80% of the collected samples were found to fail in meeting at least for one parameter as per the requirements. Results are in deviations for the parameters such as refractive index, specific gravity, iodine value, and saponification value are also noticed and few samples are reported positive results for the presence of mineral oil and argemone oil and possibilities for adulteration. Notably, 15 samples were found to comply with the requirements for physiochemical parameters, fatty acid profiles and trace element levels which are found below permissible limits (≤0.05 mg/kg). Vitamin E was detected only in coconut oil (0.1059 to 0.1622 mg/100g). Whereas, antioxidant assay and color, remained satisfactory. Overall, the study underscores the importance of consumer awareness and adherence to established standards to ensure the integrity and safety of edible oils, highlighting the need for continued monitoring and enforcement efforts to address identified shortcomings and uphold market integrity.

Unique formulation of edible blended oil from sesame and mustard seeds grown in Bangladesh

Edible oils are vulnerable to oxidation-induced degradation, leading to off-flavors, carcinogenic products, and reduced nutritional content. This work aimed to prepare a blended oil (BO) from indigenous mustard and sesame seeds to extend the oil’s shelf life and boost its nutritional value. Four blends were formulated with sesame oil (SO) and mustard oil (MO) in the ratios of SO50:MO50, SO60:MO40, SO70:MO30 and SO80:MO20. GCMS analyses showed that the SO80:MO20 blend had an erucic acid content of 4.22 %, which is below the internationally accepted limit of 5 %, and an ideal fatty acid ratio of 1:1.3:1; saturated fatty acid (SFA): monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA): polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), close to the WHO/FAO permissible limit. The blend SO80:MO20 was then assessed and related to single oil. The physicochemical properties of the blended oil were superior to those of the individual oils. BO exhibited higher levels of lignan (48.96 %) and tocopherol (13.58 %) than SO (48.89 % and 12.74 %) and MO (0.24 % and 6.22 %). Additionally, BO’s sterol content was 18.7 %, surpassing SO’s 14.7 % but falling short of MO’s 21.13 %. Moreover, BO’s flash point (318 °C) closely resembled that of SO (320 °C) and MO (316 °C). Aflatoxin and trace metal levels were detected and found to be well below than permitted ranges. The blend had a total antioxidantcapacity of 95 % with an IC50 value of 0.575 mg/mL, which was higher than that of the individual oils andcomparable to standards. Over 180 days of storage at room temperature, the moisture content, refractive index, free fatty acids, peroxide value, p-anisidine value, saponification value, iodine value, and totox value of the BO showed a slower increase compared to the individual oils. The estimated fatty acid ratio and enriched antioxidant in the blended oil enhanced its stability and nutritional potency over the individual oils. The results of this work may represent Bangladesh’s first unique oil blend composition.

Exploring fatty acid composition, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant properties in oils of newly developed sesame mutant lines in Morocco

AbstractSesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is renowned for its significance as a global oilseed crop, valued for its high oil content and nutritional properties. This study aimed to explore the fatty acid composition, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant attributes of sesame mutant oils, examining their potential applications in food industry. Nine M4 mutants, along with their parents, were grown in two contrasting environments (Taoujdate and Afourare) to investigate their seed oil, phenolic and flavonoid contents, the balance between omega‐6, omega‐9, and omega‐3 fatty acids, iodine value, and susceptibility to oxidation. Genotype and environment main effects as well as their interaction had a significant effect on the majority of the parameters studied. The mutant “US2‐1” stands out with a distinctive fatty acid profile, featuring the highest saturated fatty acids, ω‐6/ω‐9 ratio, and omega‐3 content, in addition to its high total flavonoid content and remarkable oxidative stability. “ML2‐10,” “US1‐2,” “US2‐6,” and “US2‐7” exhibit high oil content, coupled with substantial levels of phenols and flavonoids, rendering them excellent candidates for culinary and industrial applications where oxidative stability is important. “ML2‐68,” “ML2‐72,” “US06,” “US1‐DL,” and “US1‐3” offer versatile options with their moderate oil content and fatty acid profiles that resist oxidation. This research highlights the potential for breeding sesame mutants tailored to specific applications, contributing to both enhanced oil production and improved nutritional value. The insights gained here pave the way for the development of sesame varieties with superior nutritional and functional attributes, thereby promoting the sustainable production and consumption of sesame oil.

Natural product-based treatment potential for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease of impaired glucose utilization and a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The pathogenesis of both diseases shares common risk factors and mechanisms, and both are significant contributors to global morbidity and mortality. Supplements of natural products for T2D mellitus (T2DM) and CVD can be seen as a potential preventive and effective therapeutic strategy. To critically evaluate the therapeutic potential of natural products in T2D and coronary artery disease (CAD). By using specific keywords, we strategically searched the PubMed database. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched as the primary focus that examined the effect of natural products on glycemic control, oxidative stress, and antioxidant levels. We focused on outcomes such as low blood glucose levels, adjustment on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidants. After screening full-length papers, we included 9 RCTs in our review that met our inclusion criteria. In the literature search on the database, we found that various natural products like plant secondary metabolites play a diverse role in the management of CAD. American ginseng, sesame oil and cocoa flavanols proved effective in lowering blood glucose levels and controlling blood pressure, which are key factors in managing T2DM and CVD. In diabetic patients Melissa officinalis effectively reduce inflammation and shows diabetes prevention. Both fish oil and flaxseed oil reduced insulin levels and inflammatory markers, suggesting benefits for both conditions. The lipid profile and endothelial function were enhanced by Nigella sativa oil and Terminalia chebula, which is significant for the management of cardiovascular risk factors in T2DM. Additionally Bilberry extract also showed promise for improving glycemic control in patients with T2DM. The high level of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic properties found in natural products makes them promising therapeutic options for the management of CAD, with the potential benefit of lowering the risk of CAD.

Evaluation of the efficacy of rice bran and sesame oil for producing nutritionally-superior quality functional tofu

Paneer prepared from edible-quality de-oiled soy flour is known as tofu. Functional tofu was augmented with specific antioxidants such as oryzanol and lignan obtained from rice bran oil (RBO) and sesame oil (SO), respectively. All the fortified and control tofu were evaluated for physicochemical (proximate composition, oxidative stability, antioxidant activity, penetration, and color property), microbiological, and sensory properties. The total viable count and yeast and mold counts increased slowly in the samples stored at 4 °C in the refrigerator for 9 days. Fortified tofu showed higher oxidative stability and antioxidant activity than the control tofu during storage conditions. Additionally, tartaric acid-coagulated tofu retained its quality attributes, especially taste and overall acceptability, during refrigerated storage. Functional tofu aided in an innovative technological technique for making functional non-dairy products with boosted healthy constituents.

Consumer perception and physicochemical properties of crude groundnut oil in comparison with selected vegetable oil

This study investigated the consumer awareness, consumption pattern and the quality of unrefined groundnut oil in comparison with soybean, sesame oil and palm olein obtained from stores in Ilorin South Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria using a structured questionnaire administered to 400 respondents. Approximately 36% of the respondents claimed to know that oil from groundnut oil is different from other vegetable oils. A greater number of the respondents (47%) do not consume oil from groundnuts. About 54% of the respondents use palm olein, which could be due to its availability in the market. Oil type did not significantly (p > 0.05) affect the sensory properties of fried chicken. This study provided information on the consumption pattern of groundnut oil and revealed misconceptions about the presence of cholesterol in groundnut oil. Future studies are essential to educate consumers that groundnut oil is cholesterol-free.

Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium of Sesame Fatty Acid (Ethyl and Methyl) Ester + Glycerol + Ethanol/Methanol Mixtures at Different Temperatures.

This study aimed to investigate the liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) behavior of sesame fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) and methyl ester (FAME) in combination with glycerol and the co-solvents ethanol and methanol. FAEE and FAME were produced through the transesterification of mechanically extracted and purified sesame oil, using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a homogeneous base catalyst. The reactions were conducted in ethanol and methanol to produce FAEE and FAME, respectively. Post-reaction, the products were separated and purified, followed by an analysis of the LLE behavior at 313.15 K and 323.15 K under atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa). The experimental process for the miscibility analysis utilized a jacketed glass cell adapted for this study. Miscibility limits or binodal curves were determined using the turbidity-point method. Tie lines were constructed by preparing mixtures of known concentrations within the two-phase region, which allowed the phases to separate after agitation. Samples from both phases were analyzed to determine their composition. This study revealed that higher temperatures promoted greater phase separation and enhanced the biodiesel purification process. The NRTL model effectively correlated the activity coefficients with the experimental data, showing good agreement, with a root-mean-square deviation of 3.5%. Additionally, the data quality was validated using Marcilla's method, which yielded an R2 value close to 1. Attraction factors and distribution coefficients were also calculated to evaluate the efficiency of the co-solvents as extraction agents. The findings indicated higher selectivity for methanol than for ethanol, with varying degrees of distribution among the co-solvents. These results offer significant insights into enhancing biodiesel production processes by considering the effects of co-solvents on the LLE properties of mixtures, ultimately contributing to more efficient and cost-effective biodiesel production.

Effect of oil pulling on the Streptococcus mutans concentation in plaque around orthodontic brackets -A prospective clinical study.

Fixed orthodontic appliances create areas of plaque stagnation leading to an increase in the volume, structure, and composition of plaque. This increases the chances of decalcification and white spot lesions. Oil pulling, an ancient practice involving swishing oil in the mouth, has demonstrated a significant reduction in plaque scores after 45 days, and a reduction in salivary Streptococcus mutans concentration in few studies done in nonorthodontic subjects. The aim was to compare the concentration of S. mutans in plaque around orthodontic brackets in patients using oil pulling with sesame oil and those on routine oral hygiene. Twenty subjects requiring fixed orthodontic treatment were divided into two equal groups: Group A-Oil pulling and Group B-Control. All subjects were instructed to follow common oral hygiene methods and in addition, Group A was instructed to perform oil pulling for 30 days starting 1 month after placement of fixed appliances. Plaque specimens were collected from labial surfaces of maxillary lateral incisors and quantification of S. mutans was done using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mean and standard deviations for descriptive statistics, paired, and unpaired sample t-tests were analyzed. Comparison of S. mutans concentration between T1 and T2 demonstrated a significant difference in both control and study groups. The experimental group showed significantly lesser S. mutans concentration compared to the control group. Oil-pulling therapy with sesame oil resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the concentration of S. mutans in the plaque around orthodontic brackets.

Superhydrophobic octadecylamine-modified MIL-101(Cr)@polyurethane sponge composite as an oils/organic solvents sorption material

The pollution due to oil spills causes diverse problems such as water pollution, destruction of habitats, and health issues. An easy process to solve this problem is fabricating hydrophobic sorbents. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)@polyurethane (PU) sponges in 3D structures are promising candidates to remove pollutants through sorption due to their intrinsic characteristics of MOFs and PU sponges, including porosity, low density, and mechanical strength. In this research, some novel MOFs@PU sponges were fabricated by incorporating MIL-101(Cr) or octadecylamine (ODA)-modified MIL-101(Cr), m-MIL-101(Cr), into PU sponges using PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) as an adhesive agent. The prepared materials were investigated by various techniques including Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDS) mapping, water contact angle (WCA), and BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) analyses. The WCA increased from 106.36° for the pristine PU to 145.06° and 157.98° for the as-prepared MIL-101(Cr)@PU and m-MIL-101(Cr)@PU, respectively. The uptake efficiency of the as-obtained sorbents for some oils (olive oil, sesame oil, sunflower oil, hydraulic oil, and diesel) and organic solvents (toluene, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-hexane), as well as the ability of the m-MIL-101(Cr)@PU sponge for separation of diesel oil, chloroform, and toluene from water, were studied. The maximum sorption capacity was 79.83 g g−1 and 97.50 g g−1 for sesame oil and chloroform, respectively, using m-MIL-101(Cr)@PU as sorbent, which was higher than the efficiency of the pristine PU adsorbent. Additionally, the m-MIL-101(Cr)@PU sponge composite exhibited proper reusability of up to 7 cycles (∼52.88 g g−1). Overall, the as-obtained m-MIL-101(Cr)@PU sorbent exhibits promising potential to uptake oil and organic solvent contaminants.