Service Period Research Articles

POTENTIAL REVIEW ASESSMENT PENGASUH PADA PENDIDIKAN FORMAL GEREJA (SEKOLAH MINGGU) DI TINGKAT KLASIS KOTA AMBON

One of the non-formal educational institutions is Sunday School (SM) where SM provides education in the field of religion, especially aimed at developing the personality of SM children. Based on the observations made, there are problems that occur in SM, namely that the abilities of SM caregivers vary due to their varying educational backgrounds. The quality and quantity of SM caregivers must be in accordance with SM's own needs, so that they are effective and efficient in supporting the achievement of SM goals. Therefore, the most important thing is the process of evaluating the abilities, knowledge and interests of caregivers before they are placed at the right level of care so that the implementation of teaching and learning in SM can be more efficient and effective. Based on the explanation above, SM caregivers in the Ambon City Classroom were selected as pilots in implementing the potential review assessment. Mahanaim Region SM is one of the SMs under the auspices of SMTPI in the Ambon City Classis. The training obtained the results of a potential review assessment where the implementation of this assessment for caregivers who were just about to join or for caregivers who still had a short period of service (less than 2 years) were able to evaluate their abilities and be placed according to the basic abilities they had previously.

Relationship between Milk Yield and Reproductive Parameters on Three Hungarian Dairy Farms.

It is postulated that there is negative correlation between milk yield and reproductive performance. However, some studies definitely doubt this causality. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between milk production and fertility on three dairy farms. The production parameter was the milk yield (in kg), and fertility was expressed by the number of inseminations per conception (AI index), as well as by the length of the service period (in days). A total of 13 012 lactations from cows with their first three lactations completed were analysed. The number of inseminations was significantly correlated with the milk yield and with the studied farm (p < 0.0001), but its correlation with the lactation number was not significant (p = 0.9477). A similar relationship was found after evaluating the length of the service period. A multiplicative model showed that a 2000 kg milk increase extended the service period by 9% and increased the AI index by 13%. Thereafter, using quartiles of the cows, the service period of the highest-producing group rose by 41.5 days, and the AI index by almost 1, compared to the lowest quartile. Our results indicate a definitive decline in reproductive indicators parallel to an increase in milk production but did not prove an inevitable correlation.

Study on the microstructure evolution and effect on mechanical properties of P92 steel during long term service

P92 heat-resistant steel is widely utilized in ultra-supercritical units due to its exceptional properties. This study examines the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties change of P92 during service spanning 0 to 93,000 h, while also exploring the correlation between microstructure changes and property variations. The results indicate that the matrix of P92 steel retains its characteristic tempered martensite structure, and the large-angle and small-angle grain boundaries in the steel remain nearly unchanged throughout extended service periods. However, the deterioration of P92 steel properties can mainly be attributed to alterations in precipitate size and martensitic lath width. The size of M23C6 and Laves particles increased from their initial dimensions of 150 nm and 0 nm to 260 nm and 370 nm, respectively. Moreover, the width of the martensitic lath increased from 350 nm to 700 nm. The martensitic lath contributes over 60 % of the theoretical tensile strength, playing a pivotal role in the exceptional strength of P92 steel during service. The presence of coarse Laves particles at the interface leads to a rapid reduction in impact energy, decreasing from approximately 130 J to 50 J, negatively affecting the impact energy of P92 steel.

The role of evidence-based practice and empathy in shared decision-making attitudes among newly graduated nurses: A cross-sectional study.

Examine the levels of variables and explore drivers associated with shared decision-making attitudes among newly graduated nurses. This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. From August 2022 to October 2022, a cross-section of 216 newly graduated nurses from four comprehensive A-level hospitals in northern China was recruited using convenience sampling. Newly graduated nurses are generally defined as nurses with a service period of six months to one year. Data were collected using an online questionnaire support platform, including the Nursing Shared Decision-Making Attitude scale, Jefferson scale of Empathy-Health profession students and the Health Sciences Evidence-Based Practice questionnaire. All data were analysed descriptively, and correlational analysis and hierarchical regression were used to make identical connections between variables. Newly graduated nurses supported shared decision-making. Perceptions of shared decision-making were correlated with the experiences of empathy and evidence-based practice. Additionally, perspective-taking of empathy and beliefs, and the ability to search for and apply existing scientific findings of evidence-based practice had a significant impact on more positive attitudes. The survey showed that acceptance of shared decision-making was positive among newly graduated nurses. Clinical nursing managers and teachers should pay attention to cultivating the evidence-based practice and empathy of newly graduated nurses to adopt an optimistic attitude towards shared decision-making in the long term. The survey addresses attitudes of shared decision-making among newly graduatednurses and determines whether empathy and evidence-based practice has an impact on it. The main finding is that newly graduated nurses have an optimistic outlook on the implementation of shared decision-making. This survey showed that empathy and evidence-based practice competencies are associated with shared decision-making attitudes among newly graduated nurses. The results of this survey have an impact on educational institutions and hospitals in the form of recommendations. Several training programmes on empathy and evidence-based practice can help adopt the shared decision-making attitudes of newly graduated nurses. No patient or public contribution.

Glucose and hemoglobin as factors influencing the reproductive capacity of cattle

Dairy and meat cattle breeding plays a key role in modern society, providing people with raw materials obtained from cattle in the form of primary or secondary products. The purpose of our study was to establish the interdependence of glucose and hemoglobin content with indicators of the reproductive capacity of cattle. Glucose content was determined in the blood serum of cattle, and hemoglobin content was determined in venous blood using a LabLine-010 spectrophotometer (Austria) using a set of reagents manufactured by SpinLab (Ukraine). Statistical calculations of the obtained data of biochemical analysis of blood serum of cattle were performed using the Microsoft Excel program. According to the results of the study, the interdependence of the hemoglobin content with the service period was established, which is an average positive correlation dependence r = (0.549) (P ≤ 0.001) and a strong negative correlation dependence r = (-0.701) (P ≤ 0.001) with days to the 1st want to Glucose content has a strong negative correlation r = (-0.722) (P ≤ 0.001) with the insemination index, a strong positive correlation r = 0.727 (P ≤ 0.001) with the service period and an average positive correlation r = 0.520 (P ≤ 0.001) with days until the 1st birth. According to the obtained results, we established that the content of hemoglobin and glucose in the blood serum of cattle has a correlation dependence with indicators of reproductive capacity: service period, days to the 1st heat and insemination index. Our hypothesis is confirmed by the results of univariate variance analysis. Prospects for further research are the use of drugs to correct biochemical indicators with their influence on the reproductive capacity of cattle.

Reliability modeling and warranty optimization for products with self-healing under a dynamic shock environment

As modern products evolve in intelligence, self-healing mechanisms have been gaining prominence in the field of reliability. In actual operation, the performance of a product is inevitably influenced by external environments and user interactions. However, existing warranty studies often overlook these factors, leading to oversimplifications in product reliability modeling. This paper offers a comprehensive and realistic view of the product failure process by integrating the dynamic shock environment, inherent self-healing property, and post-sale consumer utilization. The constructed reliability evaluation model accounts for fatal and non-fatal shocks with a dynamic time-varying failure threshold. We introduce the concept of self-healing trigger/delay time, considering a generalized self-healing process. The approximate product reliability is derived, and its accuracy is validated using Monte Carlo simulations. Then, derived from real-world practices, we propose a novel two-stage warranty policy which combines lemon law principles with preventive maintenance. By minimizing the expected cost rate throughout the warranty service period, a preventive maintenance schedule optimization model is developed from the manufacturer's perspective. Finally, a numerical case is presented to reveal the influences of different factors on product reliability and demonstrate the existence of the optimal solution.

Gorkha Women as Forgotten Heroes in the Gorkha War Narratives

This paper aims to focus on how Gorkha women are left behind the curtain in terms of their role in the war history where their male Gorkhas’ bravery only is prioritized. When we turn the pages of the Anglo-Nepal Wars (1814-1816), the writers confidently say that the Gorkha warriors are back supported by women as well as children. However, they are shadowed by the description of the ferocious war performance of male Gorkha warriors such as Bir Bala Bhadra Kunwar, Amar Singh Thapa, Bhakti Thapa and so on. The only question is who the women warriors there are to support them attacking the English troops. Similarly, the Gorkhas serve the British Army and fight for Britain. For a long period during wars, they do not return home. During their service period, their wives remain at home to run all the family affairs such as raising children, caring the old parents, and cultivating land. The wives of those who die, get injured, and go missing have a burden of running family economy. They are compelled to keep all things well in the family. So, are not the Gorkha women as heroes as their male folks? The answer is sure to be- ‘Yes, they are’. This paper will certainly help future researchers in the area and also the government to manage new rules and concepts regarding Gorkha issues.

Performance evaluation and FRP strengthening of concrete-filled steel tubular columns subjected to vehicle impact

Concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns have been widely used in multi-story and high-rise frame structures. During the service period, they may suffer vehicle impact due to traffic accidents or terrorist attacks. This paper numerically evaluates the performance of CFST columns under vehicle impact and investigates the effects of carbon FRP (CFRP) wrapping arrangements on performance improvement of the columns. Before that, a numerical model was developed to simulate the responses of CFST columns without and with FRP wrapping under vehicle impact and post-impact axial compression, and then calibrated by reported tests. Evaluation results show that the performance of CSFT columns under vehicle impact is divided into five levels, i.e., no repair required, rapid repair required, minor repair needed, major repair needed, and replacement needed. The performance level decreases with the increase in the vehicle weight or speed and increases with the increase in the column diameter or steel tube thickness. The column height has little effects on the performance level. A higher axial load ratio, e.g., 0.5, might reduce the performance level. Besides, a CFST column tends to fail in flexure mode when hit by F800 medium truck, while it may fail in flexure &amp; shear mode when hit by C2500 pickup truck. Investigation results indicate that FRP wrapping with each layer orientation of 90° (i.e., in the longitudinal direction) and 0° (i.e., in the hoop direction) present the best performance improvement for a CFST column possibly undergoing flexure &amp; shear and flexure failure, respectively. The increase of the number of FRP layers effectively improves the performance levels of CFST columns but the excessive demand may be not economical. It is not necessary to employ an FRP wrapping range of 100% for improving the vehicular impact performance level of a CFST column to the expected one.

A scoping review on associations between paratuberculosis and productivity in cattle.

Paratuberculosis (PTB), or Johne's disease, is a disease with worldwide distribution caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) that leads to chronic enteritis, primarily in ruminants. Even subclinical infection significantly reduces the animals' performance, and consequences of the disease lead to high economic losses for the cattle industry. To estimate the economic burden of bovine PTB and to evaluate the benefits of a potential control program, accurate estimates of the production effects associated with the disease are required. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review was to provide a comprehensive overview of associations between MAP infection and production parameters in cattle. The studies were collected from three electronic databases. Of the total 1,605 identified studies, 1,432 did not meet the set criteria in the title and abstract screening and a further 106 were excluded during full-text review. Finally, data on 34 different production parameters were extracted from 67 publications. Results show that the magnitude of reported performance losses varies depending on several factors, such as the type of diagnostic test applied, disease status or number of lactations. Studies reported a reduction in milk yield, changes in milk quality (e.g., higher somatic cell count, lower amount of produced milk fat and protein), reduced fertility (e.g., prolonged calving interval and service period, higher abortion rate and calving difficulties), reduced weaning weight, slaughter weight and slaughter value, or a higher risk for mastitis. Results from the studies included in our review show a median decrease of milk yield per infected cow of -452 kg/lactation for raw and -405 kg/lactation for modeled data. Similarly, the amount of produced milk protein fell by a median of -14.41 kg/lactation for modeled data and the amount of produced milk fat by a median of -13.13 kg/lactation. The reviewed studies revealed a prolonged calving interval by around 30 days and a 1.5 to 3 times higher likeliness of culling per lactation in PTB positive animals. Results from this scoping review provide evidence-based inputs for the development of economic models aiming at the estimation of the costs and benefits associated with different disease control scenarios for PTB.

Reproductive performance of Aceh cattle as animal genetic resources in Sampoiniet, Aceh Jaya, Aceh Province, Indonesia

Aceh cattle are one of animal genetic resources in Indonesia that have high adaptability to feed and extreme climates, therefore their existence must be maintained. This research aimed to identify the ability of aceh cattle reproductive in Sampoiniet Subdistrict, Aceh Jaya, Indonesia. A survey method was applied in this study covering 4 (four) villages, Kuala Ligan, Ie Jeureungeh, Ligan, and Teupin Limeng. The sample of villages and respondents were determined using purposive method in which the villages should have the most aceh cattle in Sampoiniet subdistrict and respondents should have at least two aceh cattle that have calved twice. The selected respondents were 60 farmers. Variables observed were the puberty age, first calving age, calving interval, service period, and calf weaning age. The collected data were analyzed descriptively using frequency and percentage. The result shows that the age of puberty was 13.11±1.06 months, the first calving age was 4.06±0.29 years, the calving interval was 18.42±1.07 months, the service period was 9.42±1.07 months, and the calf weaning age was 9.62 ±2.7 months. From these results, it can be drawn conclusion of this study that the reproductive characteristics of Aceh cattle in Sampoiniet Subdistrict, Aceh Jaya was categorized as poor.

Effect of prostaglandin alone and in combination with trace minerals on the follicular and luteal dynamics, estrus response and pregnancy in sub-estrus buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis).

Sub-estrus is a condition when buffaloes do not display behavioural estrus signs, despite being in estrus and causes a delay in conception and increases the service period. The present study describes the effect of synthetic prostaglandin (PGF2α) alone and in combination with trace minerals on the follicular and corpus luteum (CL) dynamics, serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) concentration correlating estrus response and pregnancy outcome in sub-estrus buffaloes during the breeding season. A total of 50 sub-estrus buffaloes, identified through ultrasonography (USG) examination, were randomly allocated into three groups, viz. T1 (Synthetic PGF2α, Inj. Cloprostenol 500 μg, i.m, n = 17), T2 (Synthetic PGF2α + Trace mineral supplementation, Inj. Stimvet 1 mL/100 kg body weight, i.m., n = 17) and control (untreated; n = 16). Following treatment, 100% of sub-estrus buffaloes were induced estrus in the T1 and T2 groups, while only 18.75% were induced in the control. The CL diameter and serum P4 concentration were significantly lower at post-treatment, whereas the pre-ovulatory follicle (POF) size and serum E2 concentration were significantly higher in the T1 and T2 groups as compared to the control (p < .05). The buffaloes of the T2 group had a greater proportion of moderate intensities estrus than those of T1. Moreover, the proportion of buffaloes conceived in the T1 and T2 were 41.2% and 52.95%, respectively. The larger POF diameter and higher serum E2 concentration were associated with intense intensity estrus and higher conception rate (66.7%) in sub-estrus buffaloes. Similarly, CL regression rate, POF size and serum E2 concentration were relatively higher in the buffaloes conceived as compared to those not conceived. It is concluded that synthetic PGF2α in combination with trace minerals induces moderate to intense intensities estrus in a greater proportion of sub-estrus buffaloes and increases the conception rate during the breeding season. Moreover, behavioural estrus attributes correlating follicle and luteal morphometry, serum E2 and P4 concentration could be used to optimise the breeding time for augmenting the conception rate in sub-estrus buffaloes.

Analysis of Soil Improvement Through PVD and Vacuum Preloading with Several Equivalent Permeability Methods

Vacuum preloading combined with prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) is one of the common soft soil improvement methods. Soft soils often pose significant problems in construction projects due to their low shear strength and high compressibility, leading to settlement issues and potential structural instability. The PVD combined with vacuum preloading method addresses these problems by accelerating the consolidation process and minimizing settlement during service period. The acceleration occurs due to the presence of PVD, allowing dissipation of excess pore water in horizontal direction towards the PVD. Thereafter, the water in the PVD is drained to the surface. When modelled in 2D, PVD behaves as a continuous drain in the plane strain direction, causing the flow conditions to deviate from the actual conditions. To address this issue, equivalent soil permeability values is required, allowing the 2D model to produce results closely resembling the actual conditions. This research explores the improvement of PVD vacuum preloading through three equivalent permeability approaches. Utilizing field monitoring data, which includes settlement measurements from settlement plates, changes in pore water pressure recorded by piezometers, and lateral deformation data captured by inclinometers, the study evaluates the effectiveness of these approaches. Comparative analyses with field monitoring data reveal that Indraratna equivalent permeability method has the best fit. The integration of PVD and vacuum preloading, coupled with the refinement of equivalent permeability methodologies, offers a promising solution for addressing soft soil problems in geotechnical engineering. This research contributes to the practical application of these methods in construction projects, emphasizing their potential to enhance soil stabilization and reduce settlement-related risks.

Pengenalan Metode Tilawati pada Jama’ah Pengajian Musholla Nurul Iman di Desa Mekar Sari Kecamatan Tanjung Raya Kabupaten Mesuji Provinsi Lampung

This article contains the results of research during the community service period in Mekar Sari Village, Tanjung Raya District, Mesuji Regency, Lampung Province. Based on the results of observations when participating in the routine recitation activities of the Nurul Iman prayer room, there are several problems and one of them is the lack of interest in learning and reading the Koran by mothers in Mekar Sari village which is one of the problems that is the focus of this article's research. The use of inappropriate methods in a lesson can cause learning outcomes to be less than optimal. The application of the tilawati method is an alternative in increasing the motivation and ability of mothers to read the Qur'an. The principle of teaching the Qur'an using the tilawati method is that it is taught practically using the rost song, taught in a classical manner, taught in groups with reading and listening techniques using the Al-Qur'an. The implementation of Al-Qur'an learning using the tilawati method in the prayer congregation of the Nurul Iman musholla has had the effect of changing the ability of mothers to read the Al-Qur'an. Supporting factors and inhibiting factors for learning the Qur'an with the tilawati method are influenced by technical and field conditions, as well as the conditions of the recitation congregation. From this it is hoped that the interest and ability of the women in the prayer congregation at the Nurul Iman prayer room can increase so that learning outcomes are more effective and of good quality.

Research on the Dynamic Stress Tracking Test Period of the Bogie Frame for Metro Vehicle

Dynamic stress is one of the key indicators reflecting the fatigue characteristics of metro bogie frames. Considering the test costs, operation safety, and other factors, it is impossible to record all the dynamic stress data for the whole service period in the tracking test. Therefore, the overall stress spectrum is statistically deduced based on limited dynamic stress data samples, which can not only provide a basis for the fatigue reliability research of the bogie frame, but also save costs. In this paper, the typical fatigue control points in different areas of the frame with large equivalent stress are selected for research. The daily measured stress spectrum samples are obtained through the rainflow counting method, and the statistical stress spectrum is then compiled. Weibull distribution fitting of the stress spectrum is carried out to obtain the scale and shape parameter samples for different fatigue control parts. After sampling of the obtained parameter samples and conducting variance homogeneity tests as well as t-tests, the minimum sample size representing the overall distribution of the interval is obtained. Therefore, the shortest tracking test period reflecting the overall stress distribution of typical fatigue control parts can be obtained.

Intensification of reproduction of a highly productive dairy cattle herd

The research work was carried out in a breeding facility for dairy cattle breeding with a milk yield per cow of 10,564 kg and a reproduction level of 96.6 %. Semen of Holstein bulls was used for reproduction. At dry-off pregnant cows were immunized against a range of bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases. After birth, the calves were injected with vitamin E and selenium, dectomax and gradually immunized against common infections. Data on 922 heifers were included in the analysis, including 192 obtained through inseminating cows with sexed semen. Heifers were inseminated at 13–15 months of age. Fertility rate after the first insemination was 67.4 %, calving at the age of (710 ± 2) days. Early calving and balanced feeding ensured high milk yields in full lactation and standard period – on average 9401 and 8854 kg of milk with the fat mass fraction of 4.32 %, protein of 3.38 % and the number of somatic cells of 73 thousand/ml. After calving, the first insemination was carried out on average in 82.6 days, the efficiency was 61.8 %, the insemination index was 1.60, the service period averaged to 107.5 days. When using sexed semen, the fertility rate after the 1st insemination was the same – 67.7 %. The age at calving in animals of the Vis Ideal line was 20 days more compared to their peers of the R. Sovereign line (722 versus 702 days, P &lt; 0.05). Milk yield in full lactation and its standard period were higher in animals of the R. Sovereign line – 9304 and 8890 kg versus 8753 and 8461 kg, which indicates the positive effect of early calving on animal productivity. Early calving of heifers is a necessary condition for a highly productive herd. The results of the research are recommended to be used not only at dairy farms of the Republic of Belarus, but also in other countries with developing dairy cattle breeding.

Environmental factors affecting economically important traits of Anatolian buffalo in Yozgat

The aim of the study was to investigate effects of some environmental factors on the growth, reproduction and production traits of Anatolian Buffaloes. The reproduction and production data of 1139 Anatolian buffaloes and the growth records of the calves between 2015 and 2019 in Yozgat province were used. The least-square means of the birth (BW), weaning (WW), sixth month (SMW) and yearling weights (YW) and daily gain between those traits were determined as 30.43, 97.79, 112.98, 169.40, 0.441, 0.459, 0.382 and 0.306 kgs respectively. Calving interval (CI) and service period (SP) were 470.08 and 150.08 days. Lactation milk yield (LMY), milk yield per day of lactation period (MY/LP), milk yield per day of CI (MY/CI), peak yield (PY), day at piek yield (DPY), and persistence (P) were found to be 860.40, 4.447, 1.916, 5.589 kgs, 83.34 days, and 77.35%. The effects of village and sex on BW, WW, SMW and YW were statistically significant (P

Association between production and reproduction parameters based on parity and breed of dairy cows in the Czech Republic

Abstract. Milk production and the efficiency of dairy cow breeding are significantly influenced by reproductive factors. The purpose of our research was to examine the relationships between selected milk production and reproductive parameters. We evaluated 659 dairy cows, including 444 purebreds from the Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein breeds and 215 crossbreds. Our primary objective was to assess the impacts of breed and parity on specific milk production and reproductive parameters. The study revealed significant results regarding the interaction between certain breed groups and parity. In particular, there was a noticeable increase in milk yield with parity. Furthermore, it was also evident that the highest milk yield values were related to the milk content. Breed group H, which represents cows with a more than 50 % Holstein bloodline, had the highest values of the monitored milk content. Our findings show that first-lactation crossbred Czech Fleckvieh cows had a reduced milk yield, decreased fat, and lactose content in milk. However, they had a more favourable calving interval when compared to purebred Czech Fleckvieh and higher-parity Holstein crossbreds. Crossbred H, in comparison to C100 and C50, whether purebred or crossbred with Czech Fleckvieh, showed a relatively higher content of some milk components. The results for service periods and calving intervals were not statistically significant. The findings of this study highlight the promising potential of higher-parity Holstein crossbred cows in terms of milk yield and the advantages of lower-parity ones concerning milk contents.

Flexural vibration suppression behavior of sleeved phononic crystal pipes in thermal environment

Design idea of phononic crystal has been introduced into vibration suppression of pipes and presents expected effects. During service period, thermal environment is a common factor that may change the dynamic behavior of system. In this work, thermal influences on wave attenuation effect are studied for the single-component PC pipe which is constructed by attaching sleeves to the original bare pipe. Under the preloading effect of thermal stresses, flexural wave bandgap shifts toward the lower frequency range with temperature increment. Bandwidth gets wider for pipes with sleeves of a relative length larger than 0.5, while the bandgap narrows down or even closes up for pipes with shorter sleeves. The opposite variation trends are caused by the reversal of edge modes and the unequal responses of the two edge frequencies to thermal stress stiffness. Deeper reason is the discrepancy in determining factor for frequency between the two edge modes. As a result, the two edge frequency loci drop asynchronously under thermal load, and the transition point of bandgap shifts leftward. A thermo-vibrational joint test system is constructed and flexural wave transmittance is measured, for the first time, for a heated PC pipe. Experimental phenomena and simulation results suggest that the initial deflection and non-ideal constraint of the specimen make the attenuation band present opposite variation trends compared to the ideal model. The former strengthens the stiffness of the PC pipe, and the latter weakens the thermal influence on the PC pipe. Both the two non-ideal factors have a more significant impact on starting frequency of the attenuation band due to the difference in sensitivity of bandgap edge frequencies to stiffness perturbation of the PC pipe.

Fabrication and characterizations of screw pine root fiber reinforced soy composite as sustainable green composite

AbstractScrew pine root fibers are engineering fibers that have yet to be explored in terms of its chemistry with bio‐resin in biodegradable composites to replace nonbiodegradable thermoplastics used in packaging, automobiles, furniture, and industrial sectors. Screw pine root fibers are reinforced with soy, poly(vinyl alcohol), and soy‐poly(vinyl alcohol) resin systems in this work to create a variety of composites. Composites demonstrated highest amount of tensile strength at around 39.7 MPa, 37.6 MPa of flexural property, along with an impact strength around 12.4 kJ/m2. The thermal solidity of the optimized material was determined to be 235°C. After 24 hours of immersion, the composite had the lowest water absorption of 18.4%. All composites were shown to be biodegradable, losing about 54.2%–72.9% of their original mass after 60 days in soil burial. Unique characteristics such as the use of low‐cost agricultural materials, water‐based resin, stable composite, and properties such as moderately strong, safe disposal after service periods make these manufactured composites market feasible as consumer‐friendly/ecofriendly green products.Highlights Screw pine root fibers were extracted from waste roots and used as reinforcement. The tensile strength of the composite was achieved as 39.7 MPa. The water absorption of hybrid composite was found 30.8% after 24 h. After 60 days under soil burial, composite lost 67.5% of its original weight Developed composites can be good alternant for nondegradable thermoplastic.

Development of a water leakage model test system and investigation of the water leakage behavior in subsea shield tunnels during operation

With the increasing mileage and operation time of China's subsea tunnels, tunnels are entering a period of high disaster. Water leakage is one of the most common disasters. To study the mechanism of water leakage in subsea shield tunnels during the service period, a model test study was carried out by proposing a novel tunnel seepage leakage model test system in this paper. The system consists of a model frame, ground stress loading system, hydraulic pressure loading system, temperature control system, and monitoring system. Through 3D printing, the tunnel segments were innovatively made of resin. The process of uneven settlement, seawater erosion, joint deformation, gasket stress relaxation, and water leakage during the service period were successfully simulated by heating the model segments and local overloading. The test results showed that the joint deformation with service life could be approximately divided into three stages: non-linear rapid growth, linear growth, and non-linear slow growth. And the joint deformation and the aging of the gasket resulted in the decrease of the contact stress of the segment joint. Both exacerbated the leakage in the joint. By the time the service life reaches 16th year, the waterproofing performance no longer met the waterproofing standard for subsea tunnels. The developed test device and method are practical in predicting water surges in subsea tunnels during service life. This paper provides new insights into long-term waterproofing performance testing of shield tunnels under complex conditions.