Service Output Research Articles

Pendekatan Nilai Kerjasama dalam Sistem Pengurusan Kualiti Di Institusi Pengajian Tinggi (IPT) yang Patuh Syariah

The implementation of the Quality Management System (QMS) around the world is still based on practices from the West that only emphasize external impact. Nowadays, the implementation of SPK no longer emphasizes the aspect of quality product or service output, but rather emphasizes its effect on the internal aspect or human element holistically. Accordingly, the implementation of Islamic SPK that complies with Shariah was first introduced in organizations in the country and the problem is that each organization tries to implement it with their own approach. Therefore, this paper aims to explore in depth the relationship between the implementation of virtuous values in cooperation with SPK Patuh Syariah (MS 1900:2014) by organizations that have successfully obtained its certification. This research method uses a quantitative research design through the distribution of questionnaires sent to respondents by simple random sampling. All data findings were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using IBM SPSS software. The results of the study show that the value of collaboration approach (r2 = .817 and p = .000) is influencing the implementation of a quality management system that complies with Shariah. Therefore, the managers should implement the value of cooperation in the MS 1900 initiative so that the implementation of the SPK can be implemented effectively. In principle, the results of this study can generate another empirical study for MS 1900 so that the noble values that comply with Shariah, which is the value of cooperation, can be practiced by every individual in the organization, especially in higher education institutions in the country, and further develop an organization that produces outstanding human capital in the world and ukhrawi.

Cost of hospital services in India: a multi-site study to inform provider payment rates and Health Technology Assessment

The 'Cost of Health Services in India (CHSI)' is the first large scale multi-site facility costing study to incorporate evidence from a national sample of both private and public sectors at different levels of the health system in India. This paper provides an overview of the extent of heterogeneity in costs caused by various supply-side factors.A total of 38 public (11 tertiary care and 27 secondary care) and 16 private hospitals were sampled from 11 states of India. From the sampled facilities, a total of 327 specialties were included, with 48, 79 and 200 specialties covered in tertiary, private and district hospitals respectively. A mixed methodology consisting of both bottom-up and top-down costing was used for data collection. Unit costs per service output were calculated at the cost centre level (outpatient, inpatient, operating theatre, and ICU) and compared across provider type and geographical location.The unadjusted cost per admission was highest for tertiary facilities (₹ 5690, 75 USD) followed by private facilities (₹ 4839, 64 USD) and district hospitals (₹ 3447, 45 USD). Differences in unit costs were found across types of providers, resulting from both variations in capacity utilisation, length of stay and the scale of activity. In addition, significant differences in costs were found associated with geographical location (city classification).The reliance on cost information from single sites or small samples ignores the issue of heterogeneity driven by both demand and supply-side factors. The CHSI cost data set provides a unique insight into cost variability across different types of providers in India. The present analysis shows that both geographical location and the scale of activity are important determinants for deriving the cost of a health service and should be accounted for in healthcare decision making from budgeting to economic evaluation and price-setting.

Edukasi Optimalisasi 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan Sebagai Upaya Menurunkan Angka Kematian Ibu

One of the strategies to improve the mothers' well-being of mothers and new-borns is optimizing the first 1000 days after birth starting from preparation for pregnancy. By optimizing pregnancy preparation, mothers are expected to have a healthy pregnancy which will affect the outcome of their pregnancy. The community service aimed to educate the public, including health care staff in Indonesia as main providers of maternal health in order to assist mothers and their partners in preparing for their pregnancy. The output of this community service is the knowledge transfer about pregnancy preparation and pregnancy period in order to optimize the First 1000 Days. The results showed that the majority of participants consisted of midwives, indicating that midwives were still enthusiastic about enhancing their knowledge regarding pregnancy. The evaluation showed that the majority of participants were satisfied with the topic provided. Similar community service is recommended to be implemented in a small scale of community group in order to have an intensive education.

Measuring What Matters: Comparing Costs and Performance of Municipal Libraries and Library Districts

ABSTRACT This study examines public municipal libraries and public library districts at the local government level in the U.S. and specifically Illinois, the state with the most units of local government and public library districts in the country. This study contributes to the study of public libraries by providing a comparison between district and municipal libraries. Based on a national survey of public libraries and interviews with public library staff, we found that, on average, special district libraries received more financial input, provided more programs and services, and generated higher service output than their municipal counterparts. However, the differences between these two types of libraries may vary by states. Using Illinois as an example, district libraries may receive less revenue than municipal libraries. District libraries in Illinois also provided fewer services and programs and generated less service output than municipal libraries.

Kiai as the Activator for Accelerating the Implementation of Child-Friendly Pesantren Based on the Local Wisdom

This service is done to accelerate the implementation of child-friendly Islamic boarding schools in Tegal Regency which has come to the piloting stage or as prospective models. The service method is Participatory Action Research (PAR) whose process aims at learning in overcoming problems and meeting the practical needs of the pesantren by identifying problems, evaluating and exploring potential in accelerating the implementation of child-friendly pesantren. The output of the community service is that the Kiai and the management of the pesantren understand the laws and regulations regarding child protection and various types of child abuse that must be avoided, propose a Regent's Regulation as a follow-up to the Regional Regulation on Facilitation of Pesantren Development, strengthen the governance of pesantren for the creation of child-friendly pesantren, cooperate with various related parties for socialization and counseling related to child-friendly pesantren, and design a pesantren curriculum with standard student behavior.

Conceptual research methodology to investigate the relationship between fees and quality of professional service outputs

PurposeConstruction projects require a range of documents (e.g. drawings and specifications) prepared by built environment professionals. In recent years, there has been a perception amongst professionals that quality of documentation has declined. “Low” professional fees were cited as one of the reasons for poor quality documentation. However, most studies on the topic contained inappropriate methodologies. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to develop a conceptual methodology to comprehensively examine the relationship between fees and professional service output quality.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to evaluate the limitations of previous methodologies and identify variables in the relationship between fees and quality of professional service outputs. Findings from the SLR were used to develop a conceptual methodology to investigate the relationship between fees and quality of professional service outputs.FindingsBased on a frequency analysis of factors in the construction literature, the three main variables influencing professional service output quality were fees, coordination and amount of time available for project tasks. The SLR and shortcomings in previous studies informed the development of a conceptual methodology to examine the relationship between fees and professional service output quality.Practical implicationsThe conceptual methodology will assist in comprehensively investigating the effect of fees on the quality of professional service outputs. This is particularly relevant in countries where clients procure built environment professional services based on the lowest fee tendered but are concerned about quality. The methodology can establish how and to what extent “low” fees impact on professional service output quality. Industry professionals can also use variables identified in this paper to mitigate quality-related risks when producing professional service outputs.Originality/valueThis paper adds to the body of knowledge by identifying variables in the relationship between fees and professional service output quality. The identified variables can be monitored and controlled by researchers during future investigations. Additionally, a conceptual methodology was proposed to assist researchers to determine the effect of fees on professional service output quality. The flexibility of the conceptual methodology enables it to comprehensively investigate other key variables (apart from fees) impacting on professional service output quality.

Take (Her) to the Limit: Term Limits do Not Diminish Women's Overperformance in Legislative Office

Women in political office outperform men in legislative activity and constituent services. Scholars have identified two potential explanations for this overperformance: women are higher quality candidates when they run for office and women face elevated voter expectations to win elections. We use the presence of term limits to examine how these two justifications for women's overperformance produce downstream effects. While designed to strike a blow to entrenched systems of power, term limits reduce the time that legislators spend on constituent service and legislative output, including bill sponsorship, votes, and committee work. We use the effects of term limits as a tool for understanding the two paths to women's overperformance, using data on over 6000 legislators serving in term‐limited states. We find more evidence for the quality candidate hypothesis than the voter expectations hypothesis. While term limits degrade men's performance in office, women officeholders continue to overperform even under this institutional constraint. Our findings that women's overperformance is more likely due to their higher quality have implications for efforts to increase the representativeness of political bodies, the quality of representation in state legislatures, and the gendered consequences of institutional reforms.

Public Health System and Socio-Economic Development Coupling Based on Systematic Theory: Evidence from China

This paper focus on the quantitative measurement of public health systems and its mismatch with socio-economic development. Based on systematic theory, we divide the public health system into four sub-systems: resource inputs, planning in decision-making, operations, and service outputs. We also provide a method to analyse the ability to match between the public health system and social-economic development by using the grey correlation and coupling method. Then we introduce data from China as a case of empirical research. The main findings are as follows: (1) China’s public health system has progressed from 2012 to 2019, and the development of China’s public health system is typically “input-driven”. Second, the level of public health management in China lacks sustainability. (2) The main reason for this problem is the mismatch between the central and local governments in China in terms of public health management authority. (3) Third, the coupling between China’s public health system and socio-economics development has shown a decreasing trend, which indicates an increasingly significant mismatch problem between public health and economic growth, urbanization, and population aging. Our study will enrich the understanding of the relationship between the public health system and socio-economics development.

Accounting of Ecosystem Services of Wetlands in Karnataka State, India

Wetlands are productive ecosystems, providing an array of services that sustain the well-being of dependent biota. Post industrialization and globalization era witnessed a spurt in the anthropogenic activities, leading to the degradation and decline of fragile ecosystems. This necessitates the conservation of vital ecosystems through sustainable management tenets, this requires an understanding of the livelihood support of ecosystems. The focus of the study, discussed in this article, is to understand the worth of wetlands through the accounting of provisioning, regulating, and cultural services. The provisioning services through accounting of tangible benefits (fish, fodder, water, etc.) considering residual values indicate an annual revenue of INR49.70 billion. Similarly, accounting of non-use values of ecosystems through the benefit transfer method indicates regulating and cultural services support of INR196.89 billion and INR37.93 billion per year, respectively. The annual flow of the total ecosystem supply value accounts for INR284.52 billion per year and the net present value (NPV) amounts to INR7320.6 billion, signifying the ecological, socio-cultural, and environmental support wetland provides to ecosystems in Karnataka. Appraisal of ecosystem services allows for adjusted national accounts, which reflect the output of ecosystem services as well as the depletion of natural resources and the degradation costs (externalized costs of the loss of ecosystem services) of ecosystems in economic terms, which will help raise awareness and provide a quantitative tool to evaluate the sustainability of policies towards prudent management and conservation of fragile livelihood-supporting ecosystems. The monetary valuation of ecosystem services can help in building a better understanding of their influence on well-being and can further facilitate information-driven decisions and policy reforms that align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the judicious use of natural resources.

ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ СЕВЕРА-ЗАПАДНОГО РЕГИОНА РОССИИ

Currently, the need for innovation is fully recognized by entrepreneurs, politicians and public sector managers. Innovations are based on certain opportunities that are formed by the leadership of the regions. In this regard, there is a need to assess these opportunities, assess the current state of innovative development of regions, since assessment is part of any management process. The purpose of this study is to analyze the innovation activity of the North-Western region of the Russian Federation: to identify the dynamics, to analyze the structure of the region in terms of costs and output of innovative goods and services, to identify links between indicators.

Services and evidence of irremediable market failure in rich countries: Australian experience

AbstractA large and increasing share of economic activity in modern rich economies can be shown to lie outside what mainstream neoclassical economics itself says it can be applied to: according to neoclassical economics, such activities are unsuited to markets. Since World War II rich economies have de-industrialised, shifted to services. Since the 1970s neoclassical economics has come to dominate policy advice. This worldview justifies state interventions when there is remediable market failure, but it ignores irremediable market failure, where its theory says that markets cannot work efficiently (such as where there is joint production or own consumption). Servicisation, this article argues, has increased and is increasing the extent to which neoclassical economics is, in its own terms, ‘knowably ignorant’. This is because, where service provision is subject to irremediable market failure, neoclassical economics, in its own terms, is inapplicable. The GDP [Gross Domestic Product] share of sub-sectors serving diverse human needs, such as aged care and education, is large and rising. Such sub-sectors are dominated by joint production, manifest as diverse outputs (complex and inter-related changes in the welfare of their diverse clients). Setting aside questions of the wider ‘scientific’ validity of neoclassical theory, the article focuses on its assertion that markets cannot generate economically efficient outcomes in such activities. Arguing that the constrained optimisation of its conceptual world cannot happen in the case of joint production and own consumption of service outputs, neoclassical theory reports itself as unable to determine optimal resource allocation, and so by implication cannot fulfil its role as the foundational basis of state economic policy. Yet the literature shows that the coverage of this theoretical result is not publicised – it is ‘knowable’ but not widely known. The article concludes that, as neoclassical economics is foundational to contemporary state policy, both GDP data and neoclassical theory show that it, and markets, are knowably and increasingly inapplicable. Therefore, mainstream policy thinking continues to face an increasing ‘state of ignorance’, and the cognitive foundations of state policy are correspondingly weak.

NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY POLICIES IN MALAYSIA, EUROPEAN UNION AND UNITED STATES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Nanotechnology development policy embodied crucial strategies that directly influence the output of nanotechnology products and services. At present, Malaysia as a developing nation is still in the early stages of nanotechnology development compared to the European Union (EU) and the United States (US). Both are regarded as the pioneers and leaders in nanotechnology especially according to their research and development (R&D) initiatives, product innovations, and commercialisation policies. This study analyses the nanotechnology development policies adopted in Malaysia in accordance with the EU and the US. The comparison is made based on six aggregated planning strategies for nanotechnology development policy. The comparative analysis reveals the convergences and divergences between the nanotechnology development strategies embodied in Malaysia’s nanotechnology policies and the EU as well as the US. The strategies adopted by the EU and the US include the identification of strategic areas, identification of risks, and formulation of legal instruments. Notably, these three strategies are made silent and unperceived in Malaysia’s nanotechnology development policies. The analysis provides a useful insight for future directions on strengthening Malaysia’s nanotechnology development policies, paving the way to actively taking part in nanotechnology research and development as one of the global leaders.

Improving and Evaluating Business Management in the Digital Economy Based on Data Analysis

In the new economic situation, enterprises formally enter the transition period of “think power differentiation and gap,” big data, artificial intelligence, digital empowerment, and other new digital economy has a positive effect on improving technical means and reducing operating costs, but the digital economy also forces enterprises to improve their strategies at a multiplier speed. The strategic decision of enterprises is to de-enterprise, from pursuing a single business operation benefit to winning competitive advantage by creating a platform ecosystem; the enterprise organization management mode is shifting from vertical management to horizontal collaborative management, and the organization structure is developing dynamically flat. This requires enterprises to pay attention to the role of data analysis in daily operations and management, promote the establishment of a data-driven corporate culture, make full use of digital technology, modularize production links or departments with similar functions or services, and promote the transformation of organizational structure. By unifying the output of products or services to the outside world; at the same time, improve the corporate performance model, shift from result-oriented to process-oriented assessment, and implement a personalized, authority, and accountability system. Shift from result-oriented to process-oriented assessment and implement a personalized incentive model that matches authority, responsibility, and benefits.

The Effect of Population Density, Educational Access Inequality and Health Access Inequality on Economic Growth

The public welfare is related to population growth and the availability of public goods such as education and health. Workforce with good welfare is expected to generate high labor productivity, so it can produce more output of goods and services and increase economic growth. Population density, educational access inequality, and health access inequality will have a negative effect on economic growth. The aimed of this study: First, to analyze the picture of economic growth, population density, educational access inequality, and health access inequality in Indonesia. Second, to analyze the effect of population density, educational access inequality, and health access inequality to economic growth in Indonesia. This research type is explanatory research by using quantitative method. The analysis technique used multiple regression analysis with dummy variable. The result of this study are obtained: 1) population density has a significant effect on economic growth; 2) Educational access inequality has a significant effect on economic growth; 3) Health access inequality has no significant effect on economic growth.

Measuring Library Efficiency and Effectiveness: A Mixed Method Study of Public Library Districts

This study examines public municipal libraries and public library districts at the local government level, in the U.S. and specifically Illinois, the state with the most units of local government and public library districts in the country. This study contributes to the study of special districts by providing a comprehensive comparison between district and municipal libraries. Based on a national survey of public libraries and interviews with public library staff, we found that, on average, special district libraries, as previous studies indicated, received more financial inputs, provided more programs and services, and generated higher service output than their municipal counterparts. However, the differences between these two types of libraries may vary by states. Using Illinois as an example, district libraries may, in fact, receive less revenue than municipal libraries. District libraries in Illinois also provides fewer services and programs and generated less service output than municipal libraries.

Social Workers’ Acceptance of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Practice during COVID-19: Search for Embracing Ethical Considerations in Hong Kong

This qualitative research examined Hong Kong social workers’ perceptions of the usefulness and ease of adopting information and communication technology (ICT) in their practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Invitations to participate in this research were sent to various social welfare agencies, resulting in the recruitment of 23 social workers with different work experiences. In-depth interviews followed by thematic analysis were employed to explore participants’ experiences of using ICT in their practice during the pandemic and factors influencing their readiness to use ICT. The results showed that various factors influenced social workers’ perceptions of the usefulness and ease of using ICT, including digital service output quality, shared expectations and subjective norms, technology self-efficacy, and organizational support. The research further identified ethical considerations that posed challenges to ICT utilization. The research provides insights into social work management regarding the strategies of enhancing social workers’ motivation and acceptance of utilizing ICT. Recommendations on future development and research of digital social work services were discussed.

Pencegahan Covid-19 Melalui Sosialisasi dan Pembagian Masker di Pasar Kelurahan Sindang Sari Kota Samarinda

The activity "Covid-19 Prevention Through Dissemination and Distribution of Masks at the Sindang Sari Village Market, Samarinda City" generally aims to protect the public from the corona virus. The output of this community service is publication in a national community service journal. Methods of Service Implementation by: 1) The team carried out observations and interviews to find out what the residents needed, 2) The results of the observation phase were then taken into consideration to provide assistance that the community had never received, namely mask assistance, 3) The next stage the team service prepares masks that are needed by the community, 4) At the stage of giving masks, the service team explains or socializes the benefits of using masks and the impact of not using masks.Based on the results of field observations and interviews during a visit to one of the Kelurahan, there are still people who do not comply with wearing masks. The purpose of this service activity is to provide understanding and increase public awareness about the benefits and importance of wearing masks. So that the spread and transmission of COVID-19 can be reduced. The implementation of the community service program in the Sindang Sari Sub-District, Welcome District, Samarinda City, went smoothly as planned

Growing Space Management in Boreal Mixedwood Forests: 22 Year Results

ABSTRACT Boreal mixed forests of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and white spruce (Picea glauca) can provide higher outputs of many ecosystem goods and services, combined with resilience for changing environmental conditions. In this study, we examine the growth of white spruce and aspen over a range of stand compositions created by spot and broadcast treatments of broadleaves using manual and chemical means, aspen spacing, and untreated control. Twenty-two growing seasons postharvest, treatment responses created a range of broadleaf densities and spatial arrangements, reflected in significant differences in heights and diameters of the spruce mixedwood component. At this early seral stage, treatments have generated diversity in both tree species composition and stand structure. Modeling of the stand structures created by the different treatments provided outcomes ranging from pure conifer to broadleaf dominated when assessed by merchantable volumes. Broadleaf manipulations changed the relative proportion of spruce and broadleaf species in a mixture, achieving a variety of potential landscape and stand-level goals. Treatment differences were often not statistically significant until at least 16 years after stand initiation. Monitoring the achievement of mixedwood management goals will require longer time periods than currently employed for broadleaf or conifer monocultures.

ASSISTANCE IN DETERMINING BUSINESS LOCATIONS FOR SMES

Small and medium-sized companies face many problems, one of which is intense competition in a dynamic environment. In 2019 the servant has completed research and compiled a location feasibility study that can be implemented by MSMEs, through market potential analysis and financial projections using a modified GE-Matrix mapping. The target partner for this community service is a coffee shop in Bandung which was founded in 2017, namely Holly Chopper Gallery and Coffee located in the Buah Batu area in Bandung City. The implementation method that will be carried out is to provide assistance with target partners and assist MSMEs in mapping out alternative locations to be chosen by entrepreneurs. Determining the right business location decision will have an impact on business sustainability, so the choice of location needs to be considered carefully. The output in the implementation of this community service is to increase the knowledge and skills of partners in determining the location of the business. In addition, community service is strived to be published in accredited national journals. In addition, other community service outputs are teaching materials for students, which can be studied and implemented in other MSMEs.

VfM audit and the UK public sector: A critical review of the VfM reports

AbstractThe study investigates why the value for money (VfM) audit, in its current form, fails to capture the actual state of affairs in the UK public organizations. To address this, we utilize a VfM assessment matrix and key public sector performance indicators to critically evaluate the VfM reports published by two main public bodies in the United Kingdom, that is, the National Health Services and the police authorities, alongside the reports published by the National Audit Office and Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services. Our results reveal that the VfM reports do not clearly show how the 3Es (i.e., economy, efficiency, and effectiveness) associated with the VfM assessment are attained. There are also limited suggestions on the public bodies’ service output or social outcomes and how performance targets are fulfilled. We deduce that the VfM audit's failure to capture these elements significantly curtails the benefits of the VfM exercise to public bodies. We argue for complementing the current VfM assessment with a review of the performance of these bodies based on the services they offer as well as their strategic objectives.