Serum Total Antioxidant Status Research Articles

Effect of periodontal disease on oxidative stress markers in patients with atherosclerosis

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of periodontal inflammation on oxidative stress in patients with atherosclerosis by considering serum and saliva total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI). In the study, there were 4 groups, with 20 individuals in each group. These groups consisted of individuals who had periodontitis with atherosclerosis (group A-P), were periodontally healthy with atherosclerosis (group A-C), were systemically healthy with periodontitis (group P), and were systemically and periodontally healthy (group C). Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. PISA values were calculated. Atherosclerosis severity was determined by the Gensini score. The ratio of TAS/TOS resulting in the OSI levels of the serum and saliva samples was examined biochemically. Group A-P serum TAS and group C saliva OSI values were lower than those of the other groups (p < 0.05). Group A-P serum TOS and OSI values were higher than those of the other groups (p < 0.05). Groups A-C and P serum TOS and OSI values were higher than those of group C (p < 0.05). In the multivariate linear regression analysis, group A-P and PISA values were independently associated with serum TOS and OSI values (p < 0.05). Group A-P, group P, and PISA values were independently associated with saliva OSI values (p < 0.05). Periodontitis and atherosclerosis may have systemic oxidative stress-increasing effects. The coexistence of periodontitis and atherosclerosis increases oxidative stress beyond that seen in either condition alone. Periodontitis can be associated with increased systemic TOS and OSI values in patients with atherosclerosis. Oxidative status is affected more severely when periodontitis and atherosclerosis coexist rather than when either exists alone. Periodontitis can cause increasing effect on serum TOS and OSI and decreasing effect on TAS in patients with atherosclerosis. The increase in oxidative stress markers with the presence of periodontal disease in patients with atherosclerosis emphasizes that controlling periodontal diseases, a treatable disease, may contribute to the prognosis of atherosclerosis.

Effects of nutraceutical conglomerate on growth and antioxidant status of Labeo rohita fingerlings

Four month feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of a vitamin-mineral based nutraceutical conglomerate on Labeo rohita fingerlings (Hamilton, 1822) exposed to different stressors like crowding (normal stocking density NSD, 10 number of fish in 75 L water or high stocking density, HSD, 20 number of fish in 75 L water) and feed restriction (satiation feeding, SF or restricted feeding, RF, at 1% of body weight). One thousand and eighty (1080) fingerlings of Labeo rohita with an average size of 8.5 g ± 0.5 were randomly distributed in 6 distinct experimental groups, viz, THR0 (HSD, RF and 0% nutraceutical), THR1 (HSD; RF; 0.1 % nutraceutical), THR5 (HSD, RF, 0.5 % nutraceutical), TNS0 (NSD, SF and 0% nutraceutical), TNS1 (NSD; SF; 0.1 % nutraceutical) and TNS5 (NSD; SF; 0.5 % nutraceutical). Feeding of nutraceuticals improved the overall growth of the fish both in stress exposed and non-exposed groups. The hepatic antioxidant genes (superoxide dismutase-1, SOD-1; glutathione peroxidase-1, GPx-1) and enzymes (SOD and GPx) showed significantly higher values in stress exposed group (THR0) during the experimental trial in all the four months while catalase gene and enzyme showed a higher activity from 2nd month onwards. Reduced glutathione was found lower at the end of 3- and 4-months trial. Serum total antioxidant status (TAS) was significantly reduced due to stress at the end of each trial period, whereas feeding of 0.1 % nutraceutical increased the TAS in stress exposed groups. Hence, it can be concluded that feeding of 0.1 % nutraceutical conglomerate containing zinc, selenium, vitamin E and methionine could mitigate the crowding and feed restriction-mediated oxidative stress in Labeo rohita fingerlings at the end of 3- and 4-months period. The result of this study will be highly applicable for the production of stunted carp fingerlings for short duration crop in seasonal ponds or water bodies.

Oxidant and Antioxidant Balance in Children with Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Abstract Objective The balance between oxidant and antioxidant defense mechanisms is crucial. In this article, we aimed to evaluate the role of this balance in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. Methods We analyzed serum oxidant and antioxidant stress parameters according to the clinical and demographic data of children with CAP and compared them with healthy controls. Serum total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were evaluated and compared between the groups, along with levels of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), antioxidant enzymes, nonenzymatic antioxidant factors, and plasma thiol. Results Of 160 children evaluated, 106 had CAP (54 outpatients and 52 inpatients), and the other 54 were healthy (control group). Total thiol and native thiol levels were significantly lower in the inpatient group compared with the outpatient group (p = 0.004 and p = 0.005, respectively). Serum IMA differed significantly among the groups (p = 0.001), with inpatients showing the highest level. A positive correlation was found between serum IMA and C-reactive protein levels in patients with pneumonia (r = 0.351; p = 0.001). Conclusion Parameters that provide information about antioxidant capacity may be useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of pneumonia. Our results suggest that plasma thiol levels and IMA may be good candidate biomarkers to predict hospitalization for CAP in children.

Allergic and non-allergic asthma phenotypes and exposure to air pollution

Objective Although harmful effects of air pollution on airway diseases are well-established, its effect on allergy still remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine changes on asthma clinic and oxidant homeostasis due to air pollution between allergic asthma (AA) and non-allergic asthma (NA) phenotypes. Methods This prospective, case-control study included patients with well-controlled asthma under regular treatment (n = 57) and healthy individuals (n = 51). Of asthma patients, 22 had AA and 35 had NA phenotypes. Respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function tests, serum total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS), and thiol/disulfide levels were compared between the most (V1) and least (V2) air-polluted times. Results High air pollution exposure resulted to an increase in the frequency of respiratory symptoms and serum inflammation markers in both asthmatic and healthy individuals. Frequency of dyspnea and cough in AA and rhinitis in NA decreased from V1 to V2. Hospitalization due to asthma exacerbation, systemic corticosteroid use, and eosinophil counts were more frequent in NA group than AA in V1. An increase of blood eosinophil counts was observed in AA group at the same visit. Mean TAS and TOS levels were higher in asthma group than control group, and the decline in TAS and TOS levels from V1 to V2 was seen only in NA. All thiols decreased and SH/total SH ratios significantly increased from V1 to V2 in all groups. Conclusion This study demonstrates that air pollution affects both asthma patients and healthy individuals. Through oxidant-antioxidant and thiol pathways, however, it adversely affects respiratory system of asthma patients, at a greater extent, than healthy individuals.

Antioxidant Properties of Orally Administered of Aqueous Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants and Paracetamol in Human Volunteers: In vivo

Objectives: In the current study, we used the herbal plant extracts and studied antioxidative value against the well-known drug Paracetamol. Methods: 54 Healthy volunteers were grouped into six groups, 5 groups drinking 200-250ml of aqueous extract from selected medicinal plants daily for 5 days and group six received 2 tablets of paracetamol (each tablet, 500 mg) daily for five days. Blood samples were taken before and 1 hr after the administration (samples 1 and 2, respectively) and then one day after the last dose of day five (sample 3). Serum total antioxidant status (TAS), red blood cell reduced glutathione (GSH), red blood cell malonyldialdehyde (MDA, and red blood cell superoxide dismutase (SOD) were used as assays. Results: Oral administration of aqueous extracts of studied plants increased significantly the serum total antioxidant status and red blood cell reduced glutathione after 5 days of administration compared to 0 time of administration. Data also showed that red blood cell superoxide dismutase increased significantly after five days of aqueous extracts of Zingiber officinale, Rosmarinus officinalis &amp; Saliva triloba administration compared to 0 time of administration. Oral administration of aqueous extracts of Zingiber officinale, Rosmarinus officinalis, Verbena triphylla, caused a significant decrease in red blood cell malonyldialdehyde. Oral administration of Paracetamol for 5 days did not affect total antioxidant status red blood cell malonyldialdehyde, red blood cell reduced glutathione and red blood cell superoxide dismutase.

Does oxidative stress correlate with disease activity and severity in alopecia areata? An analytical study.

Oxidative stress (OS) has been implicated as a contributory factor in the multifactorial etiopathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA). But with the existing data, it is unclear whether OS is a cause or effect of the disease state in Alopecia areata. To compare the OS parameters viz.malon-di-aldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant status (TAS) in serum of patients with alopecia areata versus age and sex matched controls, and assess their correlation with the severity of the disease. Forty clinically diagnosed patients of alopecia areata and forty (n=40) age and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. ELISA was used for the evaluation of MDA, and spectrophotometric method was used to evaluate serum TAS and whole blood SOD. Mean serum TAS and whole blood SOD levels of cases were significantly lower than controls (p=0.005 and p=0.002, respectively). Mean serum MDA level of patients was significantly higher compared to controls (p=0.001). While levels of serum TAS and whole blood SOD were found to decrease from mild to severe grades of disease (p=0.003, p < 0.001 respectively), levels of MDA increased with increasing disease severity (p<0.001). The OS parameters were deranged in all subsets of AA, with the greatest derangement seen with whole blood SOD levels.

Review Study of Antioxidants and the Cinnamon Oil Effects

The aim of the study to estimate the antioxidant action and protecting effect of ethanolic cinnamon extract against CCl4 induced toxicity in male rats. To determine the effect of different concentrations of ethanolic cinnamon extract on male rats that fed a high cholesterol diet that induced hyperlipidemia. The experiment has been conducted in the present study., aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective, role of Cinnamomum zeylanicum ethanolic extract in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxic male rats, The cinnamon and its oil reported to have many beneficial uses in food preservation due to antioxidant of cinnamon. The Phenolic compounds extracted from cinnamon such as hydroxyl cinnamaldehyde and the hydroxycinnamic acid act as scavengers of peroxide radicals and avoid oxidative damage (Mathew and Abraham, 2006; Leela, 2008). Ranjbar et al, (2006) observed individuals consuming cinnamon tea showed increased total serum antioxidant status, increased thiols such as glutathione, NADPH, NADH, SOD, and decreased lipid peroxidation.

SERUM LEVELS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS PARAMETERS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL VERSUS FERTILE WOMEN OF KUTAHYA CITY, TURKEY

Background: Decreased concentration of both oestrogen hormone and vitamin D in postmenopausal period may lead to oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, dyslipidaemia, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases. The objectives of this study were to determine and compare the serum levels of oxidative stress parameters; TOS, TAS, OSI, PON-1, ARYL in postmenopausal and fertile women of Kutahya city, Turkey. Materials &amp; Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kutahya University of Health Sciences, Kutahya, Turkey from July, 2016 to December, 2016. Kutahya is a city in western Turkey, with population of 237,804 as per 2011 estimates. Two samples were drawn from this population with consecutive technique. Study group included 40 menopausal women, while control group included 40 healthy fertile women. After overnight fasting, venous blood samples were collected, centrifuged, aliquoted into a polystyrene tube, and aliquots were stored at -80°C until measurement for total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), and arylesterase (ARYL) measurements were made. Levels of TOS, TAS, OSI, PON-1, ARYL were five research variables on ratio scale. ‘Normal’ data were described by mean, range and SD and skewed data by median, Q1, Q3 and IQR with 95% confidence intervals. For normal data, independent-samples t-test and for skewed data Mann–Whitney U test was used for hypotheses testing. Results: Serum total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were significantly higher (p-value .015 &amp; .003 respectively), and serum paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and arylesterase (ARYL) levels were significantly lower in postmenopausal than fertile women (p-value &lt;.0001 &amp; .0005 respectively), with no statistical difference for serum total antioxidant status (TAS) levels between the two groups (p-value .186). Conclusion: Postmenopausal period is associated with oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant defence. HDL-c-dependent PON-1 and ARYL activities are also reducing due to a decrease of HDL-c with menopause. Elevated levels of TOS and OSI, decreased levels of PON-1 and ARYL may lead to various life-threatening diseases such as cardiovascular disorders or cancer.

Beta alanine effects immediately pre- and post hatch on chick quality, carcass yield and meat quality in broilers

First, this study aimed to evaluate the effects on hatchability of in ovo supplementation of beta alanine (βA). Second, it assessed the effects on performance, meat quality and serum constituents of broiler chickens of βA injection in ovo and of supplementation with βA in feed for the first seven days after hatching. For this purpose, 960 fertilized broiler chicken eggs were distributed to hatchery trays in four treatment groups with six replicates on day 17 of incubation. The treatment groups consisted of eggs that were not injected (T1; negative control), injected with sterile solution with 0.9% salt (T2; positive control), injected with in ovo 1% βA solution (T3), and not injected, but with chicks were fed 1% βA for the first seven days after hatching (T4). Upon hatching, chicks from T1, T2, and T3 were fed commercial starter feed. All treatments were assessed with six replicates of 28 birds (14 females and 14 males) throughout the grow-out period. As a result of this study, T3 increased hatchability, yolk-free hatching weight and chick quality, and decreased yolk weight and feed access time at hatch. Both T3 and T4 improved carcass yield and meat quality, and T3 increased serum total antioxidant status at 42 days afer hatching. The results demonstrated that in ovo βA feeding improved hatching characteristics, and βA administration in ovo or in feed improved carcass yield and meat quality without affecting growth performance.

Oxidative imbalance in autoimmune liver disease: evaluation of oxidant-antioxidant status and ischemia-modified albumin

Objective: Current study evaluated the utility of total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), total oxidant status (TOS), ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), and ischemia-modified albumin ratio (IMAR) as markers in autoimmune liver disease (AILD).&#x0D; Material and Methods: The study included a total of 66 AILD patients, 22 with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), 32 with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and 12 with AIH/PBC overlap syndrome, and 49 healthy controls. Serum TAS, TOS, IMA, albumin (Alb), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) were analyzed. OSI was calculated as TOS/TAS and IMAR was derived from IMA and Alb.&#x0D; Results: Serum TAS, OSI, TOS, IMA, and IMAR values were found to be significantly higher in the AILD group compared to controls (p=0.004,

Effect of different estrus synchronization protocols on estrus and pregnancy rates, oxidative stress and some biochemical parameters in Hair goats

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between different estrus synchronization protocols, some fertility parameters and serum biochemical parameters including total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in Hair goats. The study was carried out on 150 female Hair goats during the breeding season. Goats were divided into three groups as control (n = 50), short-term (n = 50) and long-term (n = 50) groups. Control group did not receive any treatment, short-term group received intravaginal P4 (7 d) combined with GnRH (on days 0 and 9) and PGF2α (on day 7), and long-term group received intravaginal P4 (12 d) combined with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (on day 12) and GnRH (on day 13). In control group, blood samples were collected at the beginning (first measurement) and 7th day (second measurement) of the study. In short-term and long-term groups, blood samples were collected at the time of sponge insertion (first measurement) and withdrawal (second measurement). Serum TAS, TOS, P4, E2, TSH levels were measured on all sampling days, and OSI was calculated. All the groups were observed for estrus behavior and those showing the signs of estrus were allowed for mating. Transrectal ultrasound examination was performed to diagnose pregnancy approximately 40 days after mating. The onset of estrus was earlier in short-term group compared to long-term group (P < 0.001). The estrus and pregnancy rates were significantly higher in short-term group compared to other groups (P < 0.05). At the time of first measurement, E2 level in short-term group and P4 level in long-term group were higher and lower than the other groups, respectively (P < 0.05). At the time of second measurement, TAS, TOS, OSI and E2 levels were significantly different in short-term group compared to control and long-term groups (P < 0.01). Additionally, P4 level in control group and TSH level in long-term group increased (P < 0.01). While TAS level in short-term group and E2 level in all groups increased from the first measurement to the second measurement, the TOS and OSI values decreased (P < 0.01). TSH level in short-term group decreased from the first measurement to the second measurement (P < 0.01), while it increased in long-term and control groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, it was obtained that synchronization protocols can affect serum TAS, TOS, E2, P4, TSH and OSI levels; and short-term intravaginal P4 treatment combined with GnRH and PGF2α clearly improved the antioxidant defense system and increased fertility parameters in Hair goats.

Dietary Habits, Selenium, Copper, Zinc and Total Antioxidant Status in Serum in Relation to Cognitive Functions of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease.

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the neurodegenerative process and can impair cognitive functions. In the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), an adequate consumption of dietary antioxidants may be a major factor. The objective of the study was to estimate selenium (Se), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and total antioxidant status (TAS) in the serum of patients with AD in relation to their cognitive functions and dietary habits. A total of 110 patients (aged 54–93 years) with early or moderate AD, as well as 60 healthy people (aged 52–83 years) were studied. The severity of the disease was assessed using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scale. Food-frequency questionnaires were implemented to collect the dietary data. The concentrations of Se, Cu and Zn in the sera were determined by the atomic absorption spectrometry method. TAS was estimated spectrophotometrically using ready-made kits (Randox). Significantly lower concentrations of Se, Zn and TAS, and higher Cu:Zn ratio in the serum of patients with AD, compared to healthy people, were observed. A low correlation between the MMSE score and TAS in the serum of AD patients and significantly higher MMSE values in patients with TAS above the reference range were also noted. In patients with serum Cu concentration above the norm, significantly lower MMSE values were found. Selected dietary habits such as the frequency of consumption of various food products had a significant impact on the concentration of the assessed parameters in the serum of people with AD.

The Total Antioxidant Status, Serum Selenium Concentrations and the Ultrasound Assessment Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Patients with Arterial Hypertension

The objective of the study was to establish the correlation between serum selenium concentrations, total antioxidant status, and the carotid intima media thickness in ultrasound assessment in patients with arterial hypertension. A group of 76 people suffering from arterial hypertension was qualified to participate in the study. The mean age of the respondents was 53.48 ± 12.78. Serum selenium concentrations (Se-S) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were determined in all respondents. Se-S were determined by hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy (HGAAS). The antioxidant status was assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, an ultrasound exam of the carotid arteries was performed, and the intima media thickness (cIMT) was measured. In the study group, Se-S and TAS were 89.73 ± 18.99 µg/L and 1.18 ± 0.35 mM. However, the cIMT measured using ultrasound was 0.68 ± 0.15 mm. cIMT was significantly greater in patients with arterial hypertension with Se-S < median in comparison to patients with arterial hypertension with Se-S ≥ median (0.73 ± 0.19 mm vs. 0.65 ± 0.10 mm, p < 0.05), as well as in patients with arterial hypertension with TAS < median than in patients with arterial hypertension with TAS ≥ median (0.79 ± 0.18 mm vs. 0.56 ± 0.13 mm, p < 0.05). In regression analysis, older age, higher BMI, smoking, and lower serum selenium concentrations were independently correlated with the greater cIMT. Higher BMI and smoking were independent risk factors for the lower TAS, and the use of ACE inhibitors, β-blockers, and higher Se-S were independent factors of protection against the lower TAS. In patients with arterial hypertension, the lower total antioxidant status due to lower serum selenium concentrations may be correlated with an increase of the carotid intima media thickness measured using ultrasound.

Analysis of thiol/disulphide homeostasis and oxidant-antioxidant status as a result of exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields

ABSTRACT The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of daily long-term radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMFs) exposure on thiol/disulphide homeostasis and oxidant-antioxidant status in the serum of rats. Fourteen male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two equal groups (n = 7). They were grouped as group 1 (sham-control) and group 2 (2100 MHz exposed). Group 2 rats were exposed to GSM-like signals for 5 h/day, 7 days per week for 14 days. In serum of blood samples, the native, total and native/total thiol levels and antioxidant-oxidant parameters were analyzed. The study revealed that the mean serum total thiol levels of GSM exposure group was rather higher than sham-control group (p = 0,219); the mean serum native thiol levels of GSM exposure group was rather higher than sham-control group (p = 0,416), and the mean serum disulphide levels of GSM exposure group was rather higher than sham-control group (p = 0,566). On the other hand, the mean serum total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) of GSM exposure group were higher than sham-control group. There are no data in the literature, that examine the effects of RF-EMFs on thiol/disulphide homeostasis. The results of this study, indicate that RF-EMFs did not cause oxidative stress and statistically changes in thiol/disulphide homeostasis. More sample sizes and longer-term exposures are needed to confirm the results of this study.

Serum Cortisol, Progesterone and Total Antioxidant Status of Students Pre-and Post-Examination

Background: Stress is defined as a mental or emotional strain resulting from very demanding circumstances.In recent years, traumatic episode and poor results following school examination have made stress anissue of major concern in academics. This study aimed to investigate examination induced stress amongapparently healthy University students in relation to some biochemical parameters and antioxidants status preand post-examination.Materials and Methods: This is a case controlled study involving 40 examinees as test group and 40non-examinees as control group. Serum concentrations of cortisol and progesterone were estimated byELISA method, and total antioxidants status (TAS) was quantified by colorimetric method. Data obtainedwere subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software application (version 16.0) and the results expressedas mean ± standard deviation.Results: The results showed that cortisol level was significantly decreased in pre (34.84±8.50) examinationthan in post (21.18±1453) examination while progesterone level was significantly increased from 0.42±0.32to 0.92±0.96 (p 0.05). The mean serum cortisolin subjects with outstanding academic activity was not statistically significant when compared to subjectswithout outstanding academic activity (p>0.05).Conclusion: the differences in the biochemical parameters observed in this study pre and post examinationsuggest that examination has the tendency to induce stress which could culminate to oxidative damage inchronic cases.

Effects of Vitamin D on doxorubucin-induced lung injury and TRPM2 immunoreactivity in rats

Aim: Although doxorubicin (DOX) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent, it causes significant toxic side effects on many organs. This study aims to investigate the effects of vitamin D (VD) on DOX-induced lung injury and expression of transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2), a Ca2 + permeable cation channel. Methods: A total of 24 Wistar albino rats were separated into four groups of six rats, as follows: The control group received no medications. The VD group received 200 IU/kg VD via an oral dropper (o.d.) for 14-days. DOX group received a single dose of 10 mg/kg DOX intraperitoneally (i.p.) on day 8. DOX+VD group was administered 200 IU/kg VD via an o.d. for 14-days, and a single dose of 10 mg/kg DOX i.p. on day 8. At the end of the experiment, lung and serum samples from all rats were collected. Masson’s trichrome staining and streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex were applied to the lung tissue sections. Serum total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results: Histopathological damage was observed in the DOX group compared to the control group, and biochemical and immunohistochemical evaluation revealed that TOS level and TRPM2 expression increased while TAS level decreased significantly (P<0.001). Additionally, compared to the DOX group VD administration significantly reversed these values in the DOX+VD group (P<0.001). Conclusion: VD showed a protective effect on lung damage induced by DOX. Our data also suggest that TRPM2 channel may have a role in the pathophysiology of DOX-induced lung damage.

Relationship between total antioxidant/oxidant status, and oxidative stress index and superovulation response in donor cows

• TAS, TOS, and OSI affect superovulation response in donor cows. • Positive correlation was determined between TAS and transferable embryo count, and embryo quality. • TOS and OSI were negatively correlated with the count of transferable embryo. • Positive correlation was found between unfertilized oocyte count and TOS, and OSI. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of serum total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) on counts of corpus luteum, transferable embryo, and embryo quality in cows treated with superovulation protocol. A total of 60 Simmental cows (postpartum 90 to 120 days) were used. The donors were treated with a 9 day-progesterone based estrus synchronization protocol. On the 7th day of the progesterone treatment, donors were treated with FSH twice daily as decreasing doses for 4 days. On day 9, PGF 2α injection was performed in the morning and progesterone source was removed in the evening. The cows were inseminated twice artificially on day 11 at 12 hours interval. On the day of artificial insemination, blood samples were collected to determine serum TAS, TOS and OSI concentrations. Uterine flushing was performed on day 7 after artificial insemination. Serum TAS, TOS and OSI concentrations of cows were 1.62 μmol/L, 5.44 μmol/L and 0.45 AU, respectively. There was a positive correlation between TAS concentration and the counts of transferable embryo, Code I and II quality embryo ( P <0.05). TOS and OSI concentrations were negatively correlated with the counts of transferable embryo and Code I embryo, and positively correlated with unfertilized oocyte counts ( P <0.05). As a result, it was concluded that TAS, TOS, and OSI affected the counts of transferable embryo, embryo quality, and unfertilized oocyte in donor cows.

Effects of hydrolyzed cottonseed protein added to poor or good quality colostrum and milk on performance, health, and metabolism in Holstein dairy calves

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of supplementing colostrum and milk with a cottonseed protein hydrolysate (CSPH) as a peptide source on the performance, antioxidant status, blood hormones, and metabolites in calves. Fifty-six newborn Holstein calves were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with different colostrum quality (good or poor) and CSPH addition to colostrum and milk (0 and 2 % fresh-matter basis) fed to calves from birth to 14 days of age. All the calves received equal amounts of colostrum and pasteurized waste milk, were weaned at d 56 of the experiment, and remained in the study until d 70 of the trial. The interaction between CSPH addition and colostrum quality was significant for starter intake and CSPH supplementation increased starter intake only in calves receiving the poor-quality (P = 0.03), but not in those received good-quality colostrum. Body weight and skeletal growth parameters were not affected by colostrum quality or CSPH supplementation. The calves receiving good-quality colostrum recorded lower ear disposition scores (P = 0.03) while those received the CSPH exhibited lower (P < 0.01) nasal discharge and fecal scores throughout the study. Independent of the colostrum quality, CSPH supplementation resulted in a higher serum total antioxidant status (TAS) on day 2 and higher β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations (P = 0.04) during pre-weaning period compared to un-supplemented calves. Serum TAS tended to be higher in CSPH-supplemented calves during pre-weaning (P = 0.02) and post-weaning (P = 0.08) periods. Independent of CSPH supplementation, serum cortisol concentration at day 2 was lower (P = 0.04) and serum malondialdehyde concentrations at day 70 was tended to be lower (P = 0.07) in calves receiving good vs. poor-quality colostrum. In conclusion, addition of 2 % CSPH to colostrum and milk was found to improve a few health and metabolic indices in calves with more significant effects recorded in calves received poor-quality colostrum.

Inflammatory cytokines, oxidative and antioxidative stress levels in patients with diabetic macular edema and hyperreflective spots.

To determine the levels of serum oxidative, antioxidative markers and inflammatory cytokines in patients diagnosed with diabetic macular edema (DME) whose hyperreflective spots (HRS) were detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT). In this prospective cross-sectional clinical study included a total of 88 patients; 31 patients (group-1) with DME and HRS detected by OCT, 29 patients (group-2) with DME without HRS, and 28 patients (group-3) diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) without any diabetic retinopathy findings. The main outcomes were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), CMT (central macular thickness), CMV (central macular volume), TMV (total macular volume), CT (choroidal thickness), serum TAS (total antioxidant status), TOS (total oxidant status), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), FGF (fibroblast growth factor) and IL-1b levels. OCT parameters and biochemical measurements were compared statistically between the three groups. A total of 88 patients (43 females (48.9%) and 45 males (51.1%)) were included in the study. The mean age was 56.29 ± 9.23 years. There was no difference between the three groups in age-and-sex. In group-1 and 2, BCVA(LogMAR) was statistically higher than group 3. CMT, CMV, TMV, TAS, TOS, VEGF and FGF were significantly higher in group-1 than in group-3. CMT, CMV, TMV, VEGF and FGF were significantly higher in group-2 than group 3. TOS and VEGF were significantly higher in group-1 than group-2. This study demonstrates that in patients with DME and HRS, TOS and VEGF levels were higher than those without HRS. Hence, hyperreflective spots may be an inflammatory biomarker.

Prenatal exposure to hesperidin improves reflexive motor behaviors in mice offspring.

Prenatal exposure during the embryonic period has positive or adverse effect on newborn brain development. Neuroprotective activity of the hesperidin is well documented but there is no evidence for maternal exposure to hesperidin on offspring reflexive motor behaviors. So, the aim of the current study was to determine the prenatal exposure to hesperidin on reflexive motor behaviors in mice offspring. Forty pregnant female NMRI mice (8-10weeks old) were allocated into four groups. Group 1 kept as control and groups 2-4 intraperitoneal (i.p) injected with hesperidin (0.1, 0.5, and 1mg/kg) on days of 5, 8, 11, 14, and 17 of pregnancy. The control group injected with saline at the same days. Following delivery, 20 pups from each litter were selected and reflexive motor behaviors determined using ambulation, hind-limb foot angle, surface righting, hind-limb strength, grip strength, front-limb suspension, and negative geotaxis tests. At the end of the study serum Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were determined. According to the results, maternal exposure to hesperidin (0.1, 0.5, and 1mg/kg) increased ambulation score, front-limb suspension time, and hind-limb suspension score in mice offspring compared to the control group (p<.05). Hesperidin (0.1, 0.5, and 1mg/kg) decreased hind-limb foot angle in mice offspring compared to the control group (p<.05). Prenatal exposure to hesperidin (0.5 and 1mg/kg) significantly increased the surface righting and grip strength in comparison to the control group (p<.05). Hesperidin (0.1, 0.5, and 1mg/kg) decreased MDA and increased SOD and GPx levels in mice offspring (p<.05). These results suggested hesperidin exposure during pregnancy has positive effect on reflexive motor behaviors in mice offspring may be due to its antioxidant activity.