Seroprevalence Of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia Research Articles

Spatial distribution and clustering of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in goats of Amhara region, Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study with a multistage cluster sampling technique was undertaken from January to July 2019 in Amhara region to identify spatial clusters and distributions of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) hotspots. In the study, a total of 2080 goats from 258 flocks across 60 villages in 12 districts were tested for CCPP serostatus using Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (C-ELISA). Villages were taken as an aggregate unit to detect spatial distribution and clustering. Spatial autocorrelation, interpolation, and spatial scan statistics analyses were employed to analyze the spatial patterns and clusters of CCPP serostatus. The overall seroprevalence of CCPP at the animal level was 5.1 % (95 % CI: 3.8–6.6). The spatial distribution of CCPP seropositivity was non-random at the village level (Moran's I: 0.400791, P-value <0.01). Two statistically significant spatial clusters of CCPP seropositive were found: one in West Gojjam and the other encompassing parts of North Wollo, Oromiya Liyu zone, and South Wollo zones. The CCPP seropositivity showed spatial variation across the Amhara region. High CCPP seropositive spots were found in the southwestern and northeastern parts of the Amhara region. Generally, the findings of this study provide valuable insights in developing disease control strategies, prioritizing target intervention areas and measures, and designating CCPP disease-free zones. Applying movement restrictions and vaccinating goats will be important intervention measures to prevent and control CCPP in the region.

Seroprevalence of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal

A study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in 106 goats of Bharatpur Municipality of Chitwan, Nepal from July to October 2021. A questionnaire was used to determine the potential risk factors. Collected samples were subjected to a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for the detection of antibodies. The seroprevalence of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia in goats was 4.71% (5/106). Although seroprevalence was high among females and goats below or equal to 5 years, there was no statistically significant. This study was carried out in the Chitwan district for the first time, applying the (Mccp) Antibody test technique, considering the need for control of this economically important disease for poor livestock farmers in Chitwan and it can play important role in the epidemiological study of CCPP in Nepal.

Seroprevalence of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in Rupandehi and Palpa Districts of Nepal

Seroprevalence of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in Rupandehi and Palpa Districts of Nepal

Determination of Seroprevalence of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia and Associated Risk Factors in Goats and Sheep Using Classification and Regression Tree.

Simple SummaryThe seroprevalence of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in goats and sheep was determined and the associated risk factors were identified using the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) data mining model. The disease is more prevalent in older animals raised in a flock size ≥200 and that have communal feeding and watering. The CART model showed that the flock size >100 animals is the most important risk factor (importance score = 8.9), followed by age >4 y (5.3) and communal feeding and watering (3.1). The CART model showed more accuracy (area under the curve, AUC = 0.92 than the traditional logistic regression (AUC = 0.89).Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis is a potentially powerful tool for identifying risk factors associated with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) and the important interactions between them. Our objective was therefore to determine the seroprevalence and identify the risk factors associated with CCPP using CART data mining modeling in the most densely sheep- and goat-populated governorates. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 620 animals (390 sheep, 230 goats) distributed over four governorates in the Nile Delta of Egypt in 2019. The randomly selected sheep and goats from different geographical study areas were serologically tested for CCPP, and the animals’ information was obtained from flock men and farm owners. Six variables (geographic location, species, flock size, age, gender, and communal feeding and watering) were used for risk analysis. Multiple stepwise logistic regression and CART modeling were used for data analysis. A total of 124 (20%) serum samples were serologically positive for CCPP. The highest prevalence of CCPP was between aged animals (>4 y; 48.7%) raised in a flock size ≥200 (100%) having communal feeding and watering (28.2%). Based on logistic regression modeling (area under the curve, AUC = 0.89; 95% CI 0.86 to 0.91), communal feeding and watering showed the highest prevalence odds ratios (POR) of CCPP (POR = 3.7, 95% CI 1.9 to 7.3), followed by age (POR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.8) and flock size (POR = 1.1, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.2). However, higher-accuracy CART modeling (AUC = 0.92, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.95) showed that a flock size >100 animals is the most important risk factor (importance score = 8.9), followed by age >4 y (5.3) followed by communal feeding and watering (3.1). Our results strongly suggest that the CCPP is most likely to be found in animals raised in a flock size >100 animals and with age >4 y having communal feeding and watering. Additionally, sheep seem to have an important role in the CCPP epidemiology. The CART data mining modeling showed better accuracy than the traditional logistic regression.

Seroprevalence of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia in Goats from Selected Endemic Areas of Sindh

Seroprevalence of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia in Goats from Selected Endemic Areas of Sindh

Seroprevalence of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in small ruminants in Karnataka, India

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in small ruminants in Hassan district, Karnataka, India and to evaluate the accuracy of Slide Agglutination Test (SAT) over competitive ELISA (cELISA) diagnostic methods. A total of 227 serum samples from apparently healthy goat and sheep were screened for CCPP antibodies by SAT and cELISA. The study revealed no significant difference in seroprevalence of CCPP with respect to species (Goat vs Sheep), sex (Male vs Female) and farms (Organised vs Unorganized), where as significant difference was noticed in age groups by both SAT and cELISA diagnostic methods. The prevalence of CCPP by SAT and cELISA in sheep were 31.81% and 41.55% and goat 30.14% and 38.35% respectively. Higher seroprevalence rate was observed in older animals of more than five years compared to less than five years age groups. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of SAT as compared with cELISA in CCPP diagnosis was 78.41%, 98.56% and 97.75% respectively. The results of this study indicated the endemicity of the CCPP infection in and around Hassan region of Karnataka state and further showed that SAT being economical with good sensitivity and accuracy can be effectively used in the absence of cELISA kits.

Sero-Prevalence of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia in Goats in Afgoye District Lower Shabelle Region, Somalia

Background: Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae (Mccp), is one of the most important goat diseases causing high morbidity and mortality, these results in heavy economic losses to countries like Somalia, which is a country affected the civil war of the 1990s. Objective: Generally, the disease presence has been reported in the country. However, there is no quantitative data on the prevalence and distribution of the disease has been scientifically reported in the country. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to June 2020 in three villages of Afgoye district of Somalia to assess the seroprevalence and identify the associated risk factors for the occurrence of the CCPP. The risk factors considered included sex, age, and locations. Results: A total of 100 blood samples were collected and evaluated by Capri-Latex Agglutination Test (Capri-LAT). A total of 49/100 (49%, CI 95%: (38.86%-59.2%) goats were seropositive for anti-CCPP antibody. The epidemiological risk factors considered, sex, age and locations, were not significantly associated with the CCPP sero prevalence (p&gt;0.05). However, the sero positivity was slightly higher in female (51%, 95% CI: 39.8-62.6), &gt;3 years old goats (86.3%, 95% CI: 48.9-87.4) and Markazka village (56%, 95% CI: 41.3-70.0) compared to male (40%, 95% CI: 19.1-63.9), 1-3 years old (57.5%, 95% CI: 40.9- 73.0), and Shareeco (43.8%, 95% CI: 19.8-70.1) and Siinka (41.2%, 95% CI: 24.7-59.3) villages, respectively. Conclusion: The present study indicates the prevalence of CCPP in the studies areas and this requires practicable measures to be put in place towards the control of the disease.

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia in Western Amhara, Northwest Ethiopia.

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) has been identified as a significant problem in goat production, especially in the arid and semiarid lowland areas of Ethiopia. Even though CCPP was reported in most of the goat rearing areas of the country, there is no adequate information on the disease in the Amhara Region. Cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 in the districts of Western Amhara to estimate the seroprevalence and identify the associated risk factors for occurrence of the CCPP. The risk factors considered included age, sex, agroclimate, and districts. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was carried out on a total of 400 goat sera samples, out of which 34 samples were found seropositive for specific antibodies against CCPP, with the overall seroprevalence of 8.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) =5.8, 11.2). Among the epidemiological factors considered, age and sex of the goats were not significantly associated with CCPP seroprevalence (p>0.05). However, the seropositivity was slightly higher in adults (9.9%) and female goats (9.0%) compared to young (6.3%) and male (7.5%) goats, respectively. The analysis of seroprevalence by district shows that the seroprevalence of CCPP in Metema (OR=14.34; 95%CI= 1.80, 114.09; p=0.012) and Fogera (OR=9.99; 95%CI= 1.10, 91.16; p= 0.041) was significantly higher compared to other study districts. Multivariable logistic regression analysis also identified the district as a risk factor for the occurrence of a high seroprevalence of CCPP. The present study revealed the seroprevalence and the distribution of CCPP in Western Amhara districts, and hence appropriate control measures including regular investigation and vaccination should be implemented to alleviate the problem.

Seroepidemiology and risk factor analysis of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in Himalayan Pashmina Goats

Contagious caprine pleuroneumonia (CCPP), a highly contagious and severe respiratory disease of goats caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumonia (Mccp) has not been reported in Pashmina goats of this trans-Himalayan region when there are ample clinico-pathological evidences of the occurrence of this disease. Further analyses of risk factors have not been carried out. Thus in this study we for the first time explored diagnostic and epidemiological aspects of contagious caprine pleuroneumonia in Pashmina goats. Diagnosis was achieved through clinico-pathological examination, culture and isolation of mycoplasma, serology and molecular detection. For epidemiology, cross sectional and multistage sampling of 433 animals in 10 villages of 3 clusters namely Nyoma, Kharnak and Henley of Changthang, Ladakh (India) was done and were screened by slide agglutination test (SAT) for mycoplasmosis and competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for contagious caprine pleuroneumonia. Risk factor data collected through a specially designed questionnaire was analyzed by univariate logistic regression test followed by multivariate logistic regression of significant associations. Clinico-pathological examination revealed characteristics of pleuropneumonia, culture of mycoplasma and serology of mycoplasmosis (SAT) in particular of contagious caprine pleuroneumonia (cELISA). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) confirmed Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumonia. Overall seroprevalence of mycoplasmosis was found to be 11.08% (95% CI = 8.12–14.05) whereas that of contagious caprine pleuroneumonia was 9.93% (95% CI = 7.10–12.76). Cluster wise seroprevalence of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia was 8.13% in Nyoma, 12.18% in Kharnak and 11.15% in Henley cluster but showed non-significant (P > 0.05) difference (X2 = 20.00, P = 0.33). Seropositivity showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) association with age (X2 = 6.78, df = 2, P = 0.034), season (X2 = 8.285, df = 1, P = 0.004) and lack of therapeutic interventions (X2 = 6.11, df = 2, P = 0.047). Other risk factors including gender, flock size, altitude, grazing system, supplementation management, and wild animal interaction showed non-significant (P > 0.05) association. From these findings it can be inferred that contagious caprine pleuropneumonia affects Himalayan Pashmina goats and predisposition is increased in older age, under harsh climate and in the absence of therapeutics. Thus it is imperative to devise strategies for prevention of disease spread to unaffected areas. Further, in future main thrust should be on molecular identification of Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumonia strains in the region, exploration of prophylactic and alternate therapeutic moieties for prevention, treatment and control of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia.

Epidemiological investigations of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in selected districts of Borana zone, Southern Oromia, Ethiopia

From November 2016 to April 2017, a cross-sectional study to determine the sero-prevalence of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) and to investigate its epidemiology was conducted in selected districts of Borana zone in Ethiopia. In addition, the study aimed at identifying Mccp antigens using species specific primer of PCR. A multistage random sampling was implemented to select districts, pastoral associations (villages), and households. A total of 890 serum samples of small ruminants that had not been vaccinated (goats n = 789 and sheep n = 101) were collected and screened for the presence of antibodies against Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lung tissues and pleural fluid samples were collected from 3 sero-positive and clinically suspected goats for isolation of Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae. Serology showed that overall 31.2% (246/789) of goats and 12.9% (13/101) of sheep were positive with statistically significant differences between districts (p = 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that goats from Moyale and Yabello districts had higher odds of being positive than goats from Elwoya district with odd ratios of 2.05 and 1.61, respectively. Age of goats was also significantly associated with sero-positivity (OR = 1.47; CI 95% 1.2–1.8). Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae was identified in 6 (75%) of the tissue samples using species-specific primer of PCR. Besides improving the understanding of the epidemiology of CCPP in the selected districts and demonstrating its wide distribution, the study highly also provides evidence of the possible role of sheep in the maintenance of the disease.

Risk factors associated with contagious caprine pleuro-pneumonia in goats in pastoral areas in the Rift Valley region of Kenya

A cross-sectional study to determine risk factors associated with sero-prevalence of contagious caprine pleuro-pneumonia (CCPP) in goats was carried out between the months of March, 2014 and March, 2015 in Pokot East, Turkana West and Kajiado Central Sub-counties. A semi-structured questionnaire focusing on risk factors for CCPP was completed for each flock whose serum samples were collected. A logistic regression model was developed to assess the association between the risk factors and CCPP sero-positivity. Of the 54 flocks, 49 (90.7%) presented at least one sero-positive animal. Two hundred and four of the 432 goats tested sero-positive at monoclonal antibody based competitive Enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (c-ELISA), hence a sero-prevalence of 47.2% (95% CI=42.5– 51.9). Previous exposure of flocks to CCPP (p<0.001, OR=52.8; CI=6.45, 432), distant sources of veterinary drugs (p<0.001, OR=6.17; CI=3.41, 11.1), movement of goats to dry season feeding areas (p<0.001, OR=4.31; CI=2.39, 7.75) and markets as a source of new introductions to the flock (p=0.033, OR=1.86; CI=1.05, 3.27) were identified as risk factors significantly associated with CCPP sero-prevalence. The findings provide further evidence supporting the high prevalence and endemic state of the disease in pastoral flocks and hence there is need for adequate measures to be put in place to control the disease effectively.

Seroprevalence Study on Goat Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh

The present study highlights the seroprevalence of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in goats using slide agglutination test. A total of 1427 serum samples from goats belonging to Jabalpur district of Mahakaushal region of Madhya Pradesh were screened over a period of one year (i.e. April 2014 to March 2015). All the samples were screened for CCPP antibodies by slide agglutination test (SAT) using colored CCPP antigen. The overall seroprevalence of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in goats was 10.65 per cent (152 out of 1427 goats). Seroprevalence of CCPP in organised goatry was higher (i.e. 13.54%) than the unorganised sector of goatry (i.e. 9.01%). Sex wise seroprevalence was marginally higher in female (10.67%) than the male (10.61%). SAT for CCPP detection using colored antigen was found to be quick, simple and low cost with ease of application in field condition without the need of any specialized training and equipments.

A Survey for Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia in Agago and Otuke Districts in Northern Uganda

Background: Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a devastating disease of goats caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae (Mccp). The disease was first confirmed in Uganda in 1995 in Karamoja region. Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia negatively impacts on goats’ productivity but its extent and magnitude among the local communities in Uganda remain unknown. A cross sectional study was conducted in the districts of Agago and Otuke neighboring Karamoja in Northern Uganda during the months of July and August 2011 to explore for the status of the disease. Methods: Five hundred and four serum samples from goats were obtained from randomly selected unvaccinated herds and 100 goats from vaccinated herds. Serum samples were examined for antibodies against Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae (Mccp) by ELISA method. A total of 162 semi-structured questionnaires were administered to selected farmers to obtain information on their understanding of the disease and the risk factors they associated with CCPP. Eight focus group discussions were also conducted with selected farmer groups to obtain detailed qualitative information on CCPP. Results: Among the unvaccinated goats, seroprevalence of CCPP was 32 (17.7%) and 52 (23.3%) for Agago and Otuke districts respectively. Levels of antibodies against Mccp were higher among vaccinated goats than unvaccinated ones (mean optical densities (ODs) of 0.905 and 0.776, p = 0.08). Majority of the farmers 121 (74.7%) had knowledge on CCPP and recognized that CCPP was among the major challenges to goat production in Uganda. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that CCPP was prevalent in Agago and Otuke districts, which are outside but close to Karamoja region where the disease was previously confirmed. There is a need for wider and detailed studies to investigate further CCPP in other districts of Uganda for effective preventive and control of CCPP in Uganda and the neighboring countries.

English

A cross-sectional study was conducted in three selected Districts of Gambella Regional State (GRS) namely Lare, Itang and Gambella Zuria from March to October 2011 to determine seroprevalence of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp capripnemoniae (Mccp) and to identify potential risk factors and to assess community perceptions about CCPP in the study area. Multistage sampling method was used in both agropastoral and sedentary production systems. A total of 1152 goat sera were collected and processed using the Complement Fixation Test (CFT) at the National Veterinary Institute (NVI), Debre Zeit, Ethiopia. A questionnaire survey was also conducted in 80 randomly selected households, and 3 veterinary staff one from each district. The overall mean CCPP seroprevalence in the study area was 18.1% (219/1152), (95% CI: 15.89-20.31). The seroprevalence of the disease in Itang was higher (24.7%) followed by Gambella Zuria (14.7%) and Lare (12.6%) District. Despite the higher seroprevalence in the agropoastoral production system (19.2%) the difference with that of the sedentary production system (14.7%) was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Univariate analysis showed that District, PA, sex and age were significantly associated with the seroprevalence result (p<0.05). Itang District showed significant difference in the seroprevalence when compared with Lare District (p = 0.0001; Odds ratio: 2.21). Opagna, Anguata, Badyel, Mecode, Meding Zuria, Bonga and Achewa PA’s had significant difference in seroprevalences with odds ratio ranging from 2.94 to 6.46. Female goats had a significantly different seroprevalence (19.3%) compared to males (11.5%) (p=0.014; OR=1.84). Adults (age greater than two years) showed higher seropositivity as compared to young goats and kids (p= 0.001 and OR=1.92). Age and PA were the only factors that showed statistically significant (p<0.05) associations in multivariate analysis. The questionnaire survey also revealed that CCPP was the `number one´ disease in the study areas; and wet-season presents a major risk factor for CCPP. The findings of this study showed that CCPP is the major disease of goats in the study area and hence there needs to be implemented appropriate control measure to mitigate the problem. Key words: Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, Mycoplasma capricolum subsp capripnemoniae (Mccp), goats, cross-sectional study, seroprevalence, risk factors, complement fixation test (CFT), Gambella region.

Seroprevalence of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in small ruminants in Maharashtra

To study the seroprevalence of contagious caprine pleuro pneumonia (CCPP) in small ruminants in Maharashtra, a total of 165 (sheep-81 and goat-84) serum samples were collected from apparently healthy sheep and goats respectively of different age and sex from Nasik and Nagpur districts of Maharashtra. All the samples were screened for CCPP antibodies by slide agglutination test using colored CCPP antigen. An overall prevalence of 16.05 per cent and 20.24 per cent was observed in sheep and goats respectively. District wise highest prevalence of CCPP was observed (22.50 per cent) and (25 per cent) in sheep and goat respectively from Nashik. Age wise seroprevalence of CCPP in sheep and goats indicated higher prevalence of 25 per cent and 23.08 per cent, in 2–3 years age group. However, sex wise seroprevalence of CCPP was recorded highest (sheep-25 per cent and goat-35.71 per cent) in males than in females (sheep-15.07 per cent and goat-17.14 per cent) The present finding indicates endemicity of the infection in various areas of Maharashtra State.

English

This study was conducted between September 2012 and May 2013 in three Districts of Borana pastoral area to determine seroprevalence of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) and assess field performance of inactivated commercial vaccine, produced by the National Veterinary Institute (NVI) in Ethiopia, against CCPP. Both pre and post vaccination sera samples were tested using competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Out of 510 examined sera, 161 samples were positive for CCPP, giving an overall seroprevalence of 31.6% (95% CI = 27.57-35.64%) in the study area. Seroprevalence of 35.2, 35.1 and 25% were recorded in Arero, Dhas and Yabello districts, respectively. However, there was no significant difference (&chi;2=5.56, P=0.062) in seropositivity among the three districts and between male and female goats (&chi;2=0.068, P=0.794) examined in this study. On the other hand, the differences in seroprevalence among the age categories were statistically significant (&chi;2=24.48, p&lt;0.0001). A rise in antibody (seroconversion) was observed after field vaccination of goats with inactivated CCPP vaccine and a total of 253 of the 414 examined sera samples were positive for Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp) specific antibodies, thus 61.1% of goats seroconverted following vaccination. Comparison of Mccp specific antibodies in the goat population before and after vaccination indicated that the number of positive reactors increased significantly (P&lt;0.0001) following CCPP vaccination. Seropositivity following vaccination was analyzed among the three age groups and statistically significant differences (&chi;2=45.48, P&lt;0.0001) were recorded. The change in the serum antibody after vaccination was found to be higher in younger and adult aged goats than old aged goats. In conclusion, the present study indicates that CCPP is one of the major goat health problems in Borana pastoral area which warrants appropriate measures to be in place towards the prevention and control of the disease. Moreover, field vaccination of goats by inactivated CCPP vaccine induced seropositivity in majority of the inoculated goats. Future controlled experimental studies with challenge infection after vaccination need to be conducted for further evaluation of the vaccine efficacy. Key words: Borana pastoral area, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), goats, inactivated vaccine, seroconversion,&nbsp; seroprevalence.

Seroprevalence of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in Dire Dawa provisional administrative council, Eastern Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was conducted in and around Dire Dawa Provisional Administrative Council (DDPAC) from November, 2011 to March, 2012 to determine the seroprevalence of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) and to assess risk factors associated with seropositivity. In this study, 244 sera were collected from goats and subjected to complement fixation test. Out of the total sera tested, 12 (4.92%) were positive for CCPP. The seroprevalence of CCPP was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in adult (7.38%) than in young (1.05%) goats. There was non-significant variation with regards to the risk involvement of she-goat (4.67%) and buck (5.32%) in the flock, irrespective to the low and mid agro-climatic zones. Husbandry practices were found to play a significant role on the seroprevalence of CCPP as revealed in semi-intensive (13.64%) than in extensive (4.05%) husbandry system. Moreover, higher seroprevalence in large flock established significant contagiousness than in small flock size. In conclusion, this study indicated that CCPP is still prevalent in DDPAC region of Eastern Ethiopia, which may underlines the importance of further studies and implementation of appropriate preventive and control measures. Key words: Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), Dire Dawa, complement fixation test (CFT), serum, risk factors.

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in Beetal goats

Seroprevalence, clinical findings, and lesions of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in Beetal goats were recorded during an outbreak. The overall seroprevalence of CCPP was 32.50%. Confirmation of Mycoplasma mycoides in serum was carried out using counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) technique. The highest CIE-positive cases were recorded in the older goats (51.72%) as compared to young ones. Nasal swabs collected from 39 goats showing respiratory signs were found positive for M. mycoides. The most consistent clinical findings were mild to severe cough, purulent nasal secretion, emaciation, dyspnea, increased respiration rate, and pyrexia. Mortality due to CCPP was 9.17%. Consolidation of lungs exhibited the highest frequency (100%), followed by alveolar exudation (90.90%) and pleural adhesion (72.72%). Among the microscopic lesions, septal peribronchiolar fibrosis exhibited the highest frequency (81.81%), followed by fibrinous pleuritis (63.63%) and peribronchiolar cuffing of mononuclear cells (54.54%) in lungs. From these results, it was concluded that CCPP under subtropical conditions has high prevalence in Beetal goats and leads to significant mortality.

Seroprevalence of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in Borana and Guji lowlands, Southern Ethiopia

A multistage cross sectional serological study and questionnaire survey were conducted on contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in selected districts of Borana and Guji lowlands, Southern Ethiopia, to determine the prevalence of the disease and identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of the disease. A total of 900 sera samples were collected and tested using Complement Fixation Test (CFT). Questionnaire surveys were conducted with 69 randomly selected households. Out of the 900 goat sera samples tested, 119 (13.2%) were seropositive for CCPP, giving an overall seroprevalence of 13.2 % (95% CI=11.0%-15.4%) in the study areas. A seroprevalence of 18.3% (95% CI=14.3%-22.7%), 11.7% (95% CI=8%-15.2%) and 9.7% (95% CI=6.3%-12.6%) were recorded in Liban, Teltale and Moyale districts respectively. The seroprevalence recorded in Liban district was significantly different from that of Moyale district (p

Sero-Prevalence of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia in Goat at Selected Woredas of Afar Region

A cross - sectional survey was conducted from 17 Oct. to 11 Dec. 2008 with the aim of determining the sero-prevalence and the major risk factors of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in the selected eight districts of Afar region namely: Afambo, Assaita, Dubti, Mille, Gewane, Amibara, Dewe and Telalak. During the study a total of 329 goat sera, was examined for the presence of specific antibodies against Mycoplasma capricolum sub. spp. capripneumoniae using CFT. The result revealed that 22.49% (74) prevalence rate. With respect to goats origin, the serological prevalence rates was 31.85%, 36.36%, 18.75%, 12.50%, 12.16%, 10%, 22.22%, and 19.56% from Afambo, Assaita, Dubti, Mille, Gewane, Amibara, Dewe and Telalak districts respectively. The result indicated that there is significant difference (P Keywords: Afar region, CCPP, Goat, Sero-Prevalence, Risk factors, CFT