Seriousness Research Articles

생태통합양식 기술 개발 및 미래 발전방향

The expansion of high-density aquaculture in the limited waters has caused a wide variety of problems. The problems include environmental problems nearby aquaculture sites, growth rate of aquatic organisms, quality decline of farmed fish and price fall in the market. The phenomenon of aquaculture industry happens in not only inshore but also offshore. Therefore, the fisheries authorities have been changing their policy paradigms from mass production to sustainable production based on ecosystem. Other countries, however, focusing on relieving poverty and providing protein from fish production have not recognized the degree of seriousness. When it comes to enhancing the problems, National Institute of Fisheries Science has been developing the technology of Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) to reduce and to prevent contaminants from fish and aquaculture sites, remained feed from fish farming process. In long-terms of view, the system is one of the most sustainable fishery production methods based on ecosystem. As integration of nutrient feed system from aquatic organisms is firmly established, the earlier mentioned problems will be diminished gradually. In term of the substantiality, this study was conducted. The research on management system for IMTA also has been incorporated. This study also investigated the features and current status of IMTA and demonstrated the developed management system and direction for the future advancement.

How does residents’ experiences with community health service affect their utilization wishes? A population-based survey in China

Objectives: Although the number of community health services (CHS) agencies in China has increased rapidly, they are not well used by residents. The aim of this study was to explore residents’ experiences of CHS and their effects on residents’ utilization wishes.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional door-to-door survey in Wuhan City, in central China. Five indicators (use convenience, environment, attitudes, degree of seriousness and medical costs) were selected as independent variables to reflect residents’ experiences of CHS. Control variables included age, gender, marital status, education level, self-perceived economic status, duration of residence, doctor-diagnosed hypertension and health insurance.Results: Among the five indexes of experiences, the results were as follows: use convenience (91.96%), attitudes (82.12%), degree of seriousness (79.53%), environment (71.94%) and medical costs (60.33%). After adjusting for the potential confounding variables, environment, degree of seriousness and medical costs were the most meaningful influences on residents’ utilization wishes (OR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.11-4; OR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.03-4.64; OR: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.46-5.03, respectively).Conclusion: The effects of degree of seriousness and medical costs appear to indicate that residents’ use of CHS is rational. However, the effect of environment may reveal that residents’ use of CHS is partly perceptual (‘judging a book by its cover’). The sustainable development of CHS should take account of these factors.

The Importance of Race in Juvenile Commitment in the New Jersey Family Court

In this study, we examine how important juvenile race and other factors are in juvenile commitment classification in the New Jersey Family Court. Data from the Family Court in New Jersey for the year 2010 comprise the population. Given the class imbalance in the dependent variable, we employ balanced random forest (RF). Variable importance plots and an information gain summary are used to assess the role of the juvenile’s race and other variables for classes of the dependent variable. The results from balanced RF indicate that the juvenile’s delinquency history and the offense seriousness make the most important contributions to commitment to juvenile state incarceration. The juvenile’s race makes a very weak contribution to commitment; in fact, when the balanced RF was rerun with the juvenile’s race omitted, the estimated misclassification error slightly dropped for commitments. Balanced RF is an attractive procedure for handling dependent variables with highly imbalanced classes. The juvenile’s adjudication history and offense seriousness emerged as the most important variables to state incarceration. The race of the juvenile was not an important variable with respect to commitment.

Expression and significance of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 in early radiation-induced lung injury tissue of mice

Objective To study the expression and significance of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) in the process of early radiation-induced lung injury in mice. Methods 40 mice were randomly divided into control group (10 cases) and post-irradiation group (30 cases). A large dose (15 Gy) irradiation on chest was performed in post-irradiation group. Every 10 mice in this group were killed on the 1st day (RT1d), the 10th day (RT10d), the 30th day (RT30d), respectively, and the specimens were collected. The expression of MCP-1 mRNA was detected by quantitative real-time PCR(RT-PCR), and MCP-1 and IL-6 proteins in BALF were detected by ELISA. The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed with HE staining. Results Under the microscope, lung tissue began to show inflammation on the 10th day and was more seriousness on the 30th day in post-irradiation group. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that the expression of MCP-1 in lung tissue irradiated was increased. RT-PCR results showed that the relative expressions of MCP-1 mRNA in control group, RT1d group, RT10d group and RT30d group were 7.63±0.77, 6.81±0.75, 5.75±0.73 and 4.61±0.75, respectively. The differences between RT1d group and control group, RT10d and RT1d group, and RT30d and RT10d were significantly different (all P < 0.05). ELISA results showed that the levels of MCP-1 and IL-6 proteins in post-irradiation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The expression of MCP-1 in mice after irradiation is abnormal, and MCP-1 may participate in early radiation-induced lung injury. Key words: Radiation; Lung injury; Monocyte chemotactic protein 1; Interleukin-6

THE INFLUENCE OF PRODUCT RECALL ON CONSUMER LOYALTY. DOI: 10.15600/1679-5350/rau.v14n1p143-164

The number of recalls has increased over the last few years and research into crisis management strategies and their impact on consumer behaviour has been carried out, however, there are still issues relating to the subject that have been little explored and there are still few empirical investigation studies into how consumers process this type of negative information and which factors have an influence on this process (Matos & Rossi, 2007). The objective of this study is to check the impact of recall on consumer loyalty, considering brand image, the seriousness of the recall and involvement with the product. Its specific objectives are: (i) to check whether recall has an impact on brand loyalty; (ii) to identify whether the seriousness of the recall has an impact on different levels on loyalty to strong brands, when compared with weak brands; and (iii) to identify whether the seriousness of the recall has an impact on different levels on the loyalty to different types of product. To investigate the hypotheses a factorial experiment (between-subjects) was undertaken with 360 undergraduate students in Sao Paulo. The independent variables were type of product (automobile or condom), product brand (weak/little known, or strong/well known) and recall (no recall, a mild recall or a serious recall); the dependent variable was loyalty. The analyses were carried out by way of a general linear model (GLM) to check the association between the study variables. The results suggest that: (i) recall has an impact on loyalty to the brand; (ii) the seriousness of the recall has an impact on different levels on loyalty towards strong brands when compared with weak brands; and (iii) the impact of the recall on brand loyalty is more negative in products where there is less purchase involvement. The main contributions are: expansion of the discussion about product recall, including the consumer loyalty variable, and indications for preparing contingency strategies for facing up to a crisis. As its contribution to management, an understanding of how recall affects loyalty is relevant, so that companies can prepare contingency strategies for facing up to the situation when a recall becomes necessary, particularly if the recall is for reasons that are considered to be serious.

Serious about leisure, serious about destinations: mountain bikers and destination attractiveness

ABSTRACTDespite the relevance of the concept of serious leisure to the study of certain types of sports participants, little is known about the relevance of the serious leisure framework to the study of destination preferences. This paper outlines the findings of a qualitative study of “serious” mountain bikers in New Zealand. In-depth interviews were used to determine the attractiveness of certain destinations to mountain bikers whose devotion to the sport conforms to the notion of serious leisure. Travel to tourism destinations helps mountains bikers pursue serious participation in mountain biking. Reciprocally, destinations are assessed by serious mountain bikers on the basis of their ability to advance participants’ degree of seriousness. Therefore, this study suggests that the serious leisure framework can enhance understanding of destination preferences in sport tourism as well as provide management and marketing professionals with insight regarding destination development and promotional strategies. Implications for practitioners are discussed. This paper aims to make a scholarly contribution by exploring specific connections amongst serious leisure, sport tourist behaviour and destination preference.

Indian Science Congress - A Circus or a Forum for Showcasing Hard Science?

The recent comment of Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Nobel laureate of Indian origin and President of the Royal Society of Britain, about the Indian Science Congress (ISC), 'It was a circus. I find that it's an organization where very little science is discussed', triggered a lot of debate on the seriousness of the organization and deliberations in ISC. Perhaps, the same is relevant for meetings of some other societies in different branches of sciences in India. The media reactions varied from strongly endorsing Ramakrishnan's views to the defence of the status quo and the manner in which ISC is conducted.

Validity and reliability of chinese version quality of life questionnaire for teenagers epilepsy patients

Objective To evaluate validity, reliability and sensitivity of Chinese version quality of life in epilepsy inventory for adolescents(QOLIE-AD-48). Methods 143 cases of young epilepsy patients were tested with QOLIE-AD-48 and analyze validity, reliability and sensitivity of the scale. Results Polymerization/discriminant validity showed that there was correlation above 0.4 about each question within the subscale and its component table. Structural validity showed that all of the component list was significantly associated with total score (P<0.01). The cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.92, and 0.62~0.90 of the subscale, and ICC was 0.81.Good sensitivity was the total score decline with the increase of seriousness. Conclusion Chinese version QOLIE-AD-48 has good validity and reliability and sensitivity. Key words: Teenagers; Epilepsy; Quality of life questionnaire; Validity; Reliability

A new strategy for enhancing pancreatoduodenectomy safety: reducing the seriousness of post operative pancreatic fistula by an improved digestive tract reconstruction characterized by independent pancreatic fluid drainage

Post operative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a common complication and cause of death after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). With classical PD procedures, the predisposing factors and clinical characteristics of POPF are closely related to the single loop style of digestive tract reconstruction. For decades, based on the conventional thinking of technical improvement, the surgeons have tried to enhance the safety of PD procedure mainly by reducing the incidence of POPF and scarcely by paying attention to decreasing the seriousness of POPF. This paper introduced a new strategy to enhance the safety of PD by reducing the seriousness of POPF through a new method of digestive tract reconstruction. The technique is characterized by a dual-loop reconstruction guaranteeing isolated drainage of pancreatic fluid, which can avoid complex fistula of pancreatic fluid, bile and even gastro-intestinal fluid when pancreatic or biliary fistula occur and the subsequent potentiality of serial severe complication. Preliminary studies showed that this strategy could effectively enhance safety of PD by reducing the seriousness of pancreatic fistula. Key words: Pancreatoduodenectomy; Pancreatic fistula; Operation safety; Operation strategy; Compliation

The impacts of human driving factors on grey water footprint in China using a GWR model

Water is a key natural resource on which human economic and social development depends. In China today, water source shortage and water pollution impose a major constraint on sustainable development in China. Consumption terminal and water resource utilization are closely related by their water footprint, which is a comprehensive index of the effect of human activities on water resources. Water footprint has become a common indicator for measuring water resources and environmental pressures in a region. However, the water footprint theory only takes into account water resource pressure from the amount of resource consumption and does not consider the harm caused by water pollution. Thus, this may underestimate the seriousness of the water resource problem using water footprint theory. Compared with traditional water footprint theory, the grey water footprint theory can be a more direct reflection of human impact on the water resource quality. Accurate analysis of the impact of human factors on the environment is an important part of the current research on sustainable development. The GWR measurement model is more accurate than the traditional ordinary least squares(OLS) model because of its spatial factors. According to the theory of absorbing pollutants proposed by Hoekstra and Chapgain, we estimated the grey water footprint of 31 provincial regions in China in 2012 and explored the features of spatial distribution of the Chinese grey water footprint using the method of spatial autocorrelation analysis. We quantitatively examined the impacts of China's population, affluence, and technology on the grey water footprint by constructing a STIRPAT model based on the GWR. The results show that China's grey water footprint has strongly positive spatial correlation and imbalance of spatial distribution at provincial scale and the order of degree of humanistic factors threatening water environment is urbanization, population, industry structure and affluence. Additionally,our results show that 1% change in urbanization, population, per capita GDP or share of agriculture results in 1.03%, 0.85%, 0.63% or 0.52% change in the grey water footprint,respectively. There are spatial differences in the impacts of human factors on the grey water footprint. The impact of population on the grey water footprint gradually increases from north to south, the impact of affluence gradually decreases from west to east, and the impacts of agriculture and urbanization on the grey water footprint gradually increase from south to north.The calculation results using existing sample data indicate that an inverted U- shaped environmental Kuznets curve will appear in certain conditions, and the curve relation may not exist if the present industrial structure and model of urbanization do not change. These results can provide a more scientific basis for water resource management policy.

Silencing Speech with Pornography

The aim of this paper is to offer a map of the dynamics through which pornography may silence women’s illocutions. Drawing on Searle’s speech act theory, I will take illocutionary forces as sets of conditions for success. The different types of silencing, I claim, originate from the hearer’s missed recognition of a specific component of the force of the speaker’s act. In addition to the varieties already discussed in literature (which I label essential, authority, and sincerity silencing), I shall finally consider another kind of silencing produced by the failure to acknowledge the speaker’s words as serious (seriousness silencing).

Community-related factors militating against effective management of neonatal jaundice in resource-limited settings

Neonatal jaundice is a leading cause of neonatal admission and deaths in most parts of the low and middle income countries (LMICs). The burden of this condition is less significant in the developed world where the health system is efficient in the prevention, early detection and prompt treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. In the less developed parts of the world with high rates of out-of-hospital delivery,many affected babies often reach the health facility only when complications of hyperbilirubinaemia have already set in. Such children go on to develop various neurologic deficits and serious handicapping conditions that adversely affect quality of life. Therefore, there is a gap in care that needs to be addressed in order to reduce the burden of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia and its complications in the resource-constrained parts of the world. The gap is created by failure of early detection of jaundice in the newborn, poor perception of the potential seriousness of the condition and delay in seeking appropriate care. This review addresses the various factors contributing to this gap, including inadequate knowledge of mothers and healthcare providers at both the primary health care and general practice levels, as well as weak health system at the peripheral levels of health care. It also aims to highlight some of the measures which may be adopted to improve the knowledge and capability of significant participants in newborn care such as female education, mass media campaigns, development of national guidelines for the management of neonatal jaundice, and the new concepts of knowledge translation and task analysis with the overall objective of strengthening the health system to appropriately manage newborn infants with hyperbilirubinaemia in developing countries of the world. Key words: Acute Bilirubin Encephalopathy, Care-seeking behaviour, Jaundice, Low and Middle Income Countries, Maternal Knowledge, Newborn care.

Evaluando la ayuda mutua en línea: respuestas ante la emergencia del Trastorno Disfórico Premenstrual

Resumen: A través del análisis de contenido de dos foros de autoapoyo organizados, de modo espontáneo, por personas afectadas por trastorno disfórico premenstrual; se quiere llamar la atención a la profesión del Trabajo Social sobre la necesidad de promover iniciativas profesionales, en el ámbito virtual, en general; y con grupos de autoapoyo on line, en particular. Este trastorno, poco conocido, provoca graves consecuencias a las afectadas, que se deben enfrentar con frecuentes situaciones de incomprensión. Esa gravedad, en ocasiones, provoca no poder mantener un trabajo o romper relaciones de pareja o amistad. El autoapoyo supone un alivio para las afectadas que en la red se expresan con personas en su misma situación. Ha sido tarea del Trabajo Social el apoyo a grupos de personas que precisan organizarse para lograr un empoderamiento óptimo. Este reto, aplicado al mundo virtual, todavía está por acometer, por lo cual emerge una interesante oportunidad para el Trabajo Social del presente siglo. Through the content analyze of two Internet self-support forums, spontaneously organized by women suffering Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, it is wanted The Social Work to attract its attention about the need of taking up professional initiatives generally to online Social Work practice and particularly to online self-support groups.. This disorder is barely known. It causes serious consequences for the patients who have to tackle with frequent lack of understanding. This seriousness, often causes, affected are forced to drop out their jobs, or relationships like couples or friendships. Self-support becomes a relief to them who can express themselves on the Internet with people suffering the same situation. It has been a task for Social Work, supporting groups needing a convenient organization for obtaining an optimal empowerment. This challenge about Online Social Work practice is not common; consequently it is an interesting challenge for the Social Work of the beginning of the century.

Human Rights Violations of Students with Disabilities in Inclusive Education and Its Prevention Strategy

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the frequency of human rights violations that with disabilities in inclusive education suffered, the degree of seriousness among those violations, and its prevention strategies through experiences and suggestions. Method: The parent survey was used to collect data and 202 parents participated in the study. Results: The main results were as follows. First, the overall frequency of human rights violations, which with disabilities suffered, was closed to the category of “sometimes”; and the most frequently experienced category was verbal violence including harassment, coarse language (e.g., swearwords), and degradation. Second, secondary suffered more than elementary and severly disabled suffered more than mildly disabled from violations, as being compared with their school classes or severity in disability. Third, parents considered the human rights violations that their children suffered more frequently as more severe cases. Fourth, those prevention strategies that parents suggested were: reinforcement in education for regular students understanding and recognition improvement about with disabilities, reinforcement in the regular teachers understanding and instructing skill improvement with with disabilities, increase of special education assistants, provision of system and equipment including CCTV, and reinforcement in education of with disabilities for their self-efficacy and self-protection. Conclusion: The findings of this study will be useful to prepare policies or prevention strategies in order to realize a successful inclusive education for those with disabilities.

The influence of healthy belief education on the diabetes nephrosis patient diet treat-ment adherence and the quality of life

Objective Based on health belief model, investigating patients with diabetic nephropathy of dietary factors affecting treatment compliance and effectiveness. Methods 122 cases of diabetic nephropathy were randomly divided into the observation group of 62 patients and the control group of 60 patients. Patients in two groups during hospitalization underwent conventional treatment of diabetic nephropathy drugs and nursing services. Patients in the observation group on the basis of conventional treatment and nursing services while accepting health education, informed the patients the seriousness of the diabetic nephropathy, the importance of diet therapy, the necessity of diet therapy adherence and the difficulty in the course of treatment and so on. patients often were given all kinds of encouragement to establish the health belief model, were given health faith education extension services by family visit, telephone, Internet and other forms after discharge. Diet therapy compliance and the quality of life after eight month discharge were compared. Results Diet treatment adherence and quality of life score of the observation group were significantly higher than those of control group(P<0.01). Fasting glucose, 2- hour postprandial blood glucose, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen were lower than those of the control group(P<0.01).The life quality and diet treatment adherence was significantly positive correlation(r= 0.521, P<0.05). Conclusions Appropriate scientific health belief education could improve diabetic nephropathy patients'diets treatment adherence and improve their quality of life. Key words: Health belief model; Diabetic nephropathy; Diet therapy; Compliance

Demerit-Fuzzy Rating Mechanism and Monitoring Chart

The relative magnitude of weights for defects has a substantial impact on the performance of attribute control charts. Apparently, the current demerit-chart approach is superior than the c-chart scheme, because it imposes different precise-weights on distinct types of nonconformities, enabling more severe defects to disclose the problems existing in the manufacturing or service processes. However, this crisp-weighting defect assignment, assuming defects are of equal degree of severity when classified into the same defect class, may be so subjective that it leads to the chart somewhat restricted in widespread applications. Since in many cases the severity of each defect is evaluated from practitioners' visual inspection on the key quality characteristics of products or services, when each defect is classified into one of several mutually-exclusive linguistic classes, a fuzzy-weighting defect assignment that represents a degree of seriousness of defects should be allotted in accordance. Therefore, in this paper a demerit-fuzzy rating mechanism and monitoring chart is proposed. We first incorporate a fuzzy-linguistic weight in response to the severe degree of defects. Then, we apply the resolution identity property in construction of fuzzy control limits, and further develop a new fuzzy ranking method in differentiation of the underlying process condition. Finally, the proposed fuzzy-demerit chart is elucidated by an application of TFT-LCD manufacturing processes for monitoring their LCD Mura-nonconformities conditions.

The effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on swallowing function after stroke

Objective To observe the clinical therapeutic effects of neuromuscular electric stimulation (NMES) on patients with swallowing disorders after stroke and to assess the value of surface electromyography (sEMG). Methods Forty stroke survivors with swallowing disorders were divided into a treatment group (20 cases) and a control group (20 cases) using a random number table. All of the patients were given routine medication and conventional swallowing training lasting 2 weeks, on the basis of which the patients in the treatment group were also given electrical stimulation. The seriousness of their swallowing disorders was evaluated and surface electromyographs were recorded for both groups before and after the 2 weeks of treatment. Results After treatment, the average dysphagia rating in the treatment group was significantly higher than before treatment, and significantly higher than that of the control group. sEMG of the suprahyoid muscles showed that the swallowing duration of both groups had significantly improved, but the values of the treatment group were significantly better than those of the control group. Conclusions NMES plus conventional swallowing training can significantly improve swallowing function for patients with swallowing disorders after stroke. sEMG can be regarded as an effective method for assessing swallowing disorders. Key words: Dysphagia; Neuromuscular electrical stimulation; Stroke; Surface electromyography

사회복지사 소진 요인에 관한 메타분석

본 연구에서는 1990년대부터 2013년까지의 ‘소진’에 관련된 논문을 분석하여 메타분석을 하였다. 본 분석의 결과 소진에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 근무경력, 업무환경으로서의 보상, 슈퍼비전, 승진, 직무자율성 요인과 클라이언트 관 련요인인 클라이언트 문제의 심각성, 클라이언트 수의 적절성, 클라이언트와의 관계요인을 제외한 모든 변인에서는 유의 미한 상관관계를 가지고 있었다. 또한 연령과 근무경력이 높을수록 사회복지사의 자기효능감과 감성지능, 사회적 지지가 높을 수록소진이 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 통하여 조직 내·외적인 환경뿐만 아닌, 서비스제공자의 소진방 지를 위한 프로그램의 필요성이 제시된다.

The significance of local cerebral hemodynamics in patients with acute brain injury

Objective To investigate the relevance between the seriousness of acute brain injury and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) or mean transition time (MTT); provide a possible method for the early diagnose and prognostic evaluation. Methods This study included 67 patients of acute brain injury and they were divided into mild, moderate and severe groups based on their glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores. They were examined to detect rCBF, rCBV and MTT by computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging after admitted to hospital. The prognoses of them after 6 months of follow-up were also recorded. The relations between the prognosis and rCBF, rCBV or MTT were analyzed. Results rCBV and rCBF of severe group were significantly lower than the mild group (P<0.05), and MTT of severe group was significantly higher than that of the mild group (P<0.05). The rCBV and the glasgow outcome scale (GOS) scores were significantly positively correlated(P<0.01), and MTT was significantly negatively correlated with the GOS score(P<0.01). Whereas there was no correlation between rCBF and the GOS score. Conclusion rCBF, rCBV and MTT were significantly correlated with the severity as well as the prognosis of patients with acute brain injury and they might be used as potential indicators of the severity and prognosis. Key words: Craniocerebral trauma; Regional cerebral blood flow; Regional cerebral blood volume; Mean transit time

Semantic Krippendorff's α for measuring inter-rater agreement in SNOMED CT coding studies.

Semantic interoperability requires consistency in use of terminologies such as SNOMED CT. Inter-rater agreement measurement can be used to quantify this consistency among terminology users. Increasingly, studies of SNOMED CT include inter-rater agreement measures. However, published studies do not consider distance between concepts when calculating the inter-rater agreement measures. In this paper we propose a semantic inter-rater agreement measure for use with SNOMED CT encoded data. A semantic Krippendorff's α measure is implemented using a path-length based difference function. The measure is tested using three different datasets. Results show that the proposed semantic measure is sensitive to seriousness of coding differences whereas a nominal measure is not. The proposed measure reflects the intuition that distance matters when comparing uses of SNOMED CT.