Serial Communication Research Articles

Estimation Accuracy and Computational Cost Analysis of Artificial Neural Networks for State of Charge Estimation in Lithium Batteries

This paper presents a tradeoff analysis in terms of accuracy and computational cost between different architectures of artificial neural networks for the State of Charge (SOC) estimation of lithium batteries in hybrid and electric vehicles. The considered layouts are partly selected from the literature on SOC estimation, and partly are novel proposals that have been demonstrated to be effective in executing estimation tasks in other engineering fields. One of the architectures, the Nonlinear Autoregressive Neural Network with Exogenous Input (NARX), is presented with an unconventional layout that exploits a preliminary routine, which allows setting of the feedback initial value to avoid estimation divergence. The presented solutions are compared in terms of estimation accuracy, duration of the training process, robustness to the noise in the current measurement, and to the inaccuracy on the initial estimation. Moreover, the algorithms are implemented on an electronic control unit in serial communication with a computer, which emulates a real vehicle, so as to compare their computational costs. The proposed unconventional NARX architecture outperforms the other solutions. The battery pack that is used to design and test the networks is a 20 kW pack for a mild hybrid electric vehicle, whilst the adopted training, validation and test datasets are obtained from the driving cycles of a real car and from standard profiles.

Experiments on Temperature Control Using On-Off Algorithm Combined with PID Algorithm

Abstract The paper presents an automated system for the temperature control using a PIC microcontroller, a digital temperature sensor with I2C and a MOSFET as actuator. The control strategy is a proportional-integrative one, preceded by an on-off algorithm. The most important data is presented on a graphical interface. In order to send the parameters of the process and the command states to the computer, the serial communication is used.

Intelligent fire detection and alert system using labVIEW

Fire detection systems are designed to discover fires and allow the safe evacuation of occupants as well as protecting the safety of emergency response personnel. This paper describes the design and development of a fire detection and alert system. Temperature and flame sensors are used to indicate the occurrence of fire. This work consists of two parts, which are transmitter and receiver, both using ZigBee wireless technology. Arduino Uno is used as the microcontroller at the transmitter part to control the sensor nodes and give alert when over temperature and flame are detected. At the transmitter, the collected data from the sensors are transmitted by an XBee module operated as router node. At the receiver side, an XBee coordinator module which is attached to a computer using USB to serial communication captured the data for further processing. In addition, an interactive and user-friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI) is developed. LabVIEW software is used to design the GUI which displays and analyze the possibility of fire happening. The system can display the fire location and provides early warning to allow occupants to escape the building safely.

Pseudorandom number generator based on enhanced Hénon map and its implementation

This paper presents a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) based on enhanced Hénon map (EHM) and its implementation in software and hardware for chaos-based cryptosystems with high processing such as image or video encryption. The proposed EHM presents better statistical properties and higher key sensitivity in comparison with classic Hénon map (CHM) by means of numerical tests such as bifurcation diagrams, largest Lyapunov exponent, Gottwald-Melbourne test, and histograms. The proposed 8-bit PRNG-EHM algorithm is implemented in MATLAB (software) and in FPGA technology (hardware) for experimental results. In hardware implementation, we use VHDL language and the Altera DE2-115 FPGA board with RS-232 serial port communication for data extraction, which are analyzed with MATLAB. In both software and hardware level, the proposed PRNG-EHM passes the randomness NIST 800-22 statistical tests. For first time in literature, a comprehensive security analysis from a cryptographic point of view is presented for hardware implementation such as key space analysis, key sensitivity, floating frequency, histograms, autocorrelation, correlation, entropy, and performance. Comparisons of proposed PRNG-EHM with recent similar schemes show main advantages in security capabilities for cryptographic applications. According with the results, the proposed scheme can be used in chaos-based cryptographic applications at software or hardware implementation.

The SpaceDrive project - Thrust balance development and new measurements of the Mach-Effect and EMDrive Thrusters

Forces claimed by potential propellantless propulsion systems like the Mach-Effect-Thruster or the EMDrive are in the μN or even sub-μN range. In this paper, an automated thrust balance design capable of measuring forces of 100 nN for devices with a maximum mass of 10 kg is described to test these claims. The torsion balance features an electromagnetic calibration method, adjustable magnetic damping and tilt control as well as electromagnetic shielding. All onboard electronics can be controlled wirelessly via an infrared module for serial communication. Power is supplied to the balance using three separate liquid metal feedthroughs: one for voltages up to 500 V and frequencies up to 200 kHz, one for high voltage up to 30 kV DC or AC, and one for high frequency signals up to 3 GHz. The device can be rotated by 180° to measure three different thrust directions without breaking the vacuum and changing the setup in order to gain confidence and refute e.g. thermal drifts. The whole balance is controlled via a script language implemented in LabVIEW. We tested Mach-Effect-Thrusters provided by Woodward and our self-built model exploring higher frequencies and mixed-signals that are believed to create significantly higher forces. Also a magnetostrictive version was built and tested. For the EMDrive, several different frequencies and setups (with/without dielectric insert, flat/spherical end caps) were tested. Results of the tests performed between August and September 2018 are presented, but no final conclusions can be drawn.

Sistem Komunikasi Jarak Jauh Alat Pengukur Kecepatan Dan Arah Angin Berbasis Mikrokontroller

Monitoring wind speed and direction is usually performed at close range, therefore,it is necessaryto monitor remotely for time efficiencies. Making these systems start with a literature study the data relating to the technology to be used. Then the data was processed to determine the design of the system being designed. Making this system begins with a measuring instrument wind speed and wind direction. In this device for chopping round of the wind speed sensor using optocoupler. And magnetic hall sensor, constructed as a weathervane as a determinant of the wind direction sensor. RTC is used as time refference of measurement. Arduino Mega 2560 Microcontroller used to process data obtained from sensors and RTC. Then the data is the data is recorded with a cycle which can be set. After the manufacture of measuring devices and then proceed to make the data transmission system and application interface. With GSM shield Sim900a data that has been recorded is sent in the form of SMS through GSM network. Then the data is received by GSM shield servers and read by Arduino UNO. Data is read by Arduino UNO is then sent to a computer with serial communication. The data is sent to the computer will be processed by the application interface to be stored and displayed. The results of this system is able to measure and store data speed and direction of the wind from a distance. With a windspeed error of 4.56% of the measurements manually, and wind direction indicates the actual wind direction.

RANCANG BANGUN ALAT UKUR FLEKSIBILITAS TUBUH MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR JARAK BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER

Body flexibility is one of the factors that greatly helps physical health because it can help in prevention, help restore muscle, and improve efficiency in various physical activities. One method to measure the body speed level is Sit and Reach Test using the Sit and Reach Box Scale measurement tool. Technically, this measuring instrument is still manual, simple and its production is still very limited. Therefore we need a measuring device to use electronic components to help process better and better in terms of which can be adjusted to good or bad by using the parameter norm Sit and Reach Test. The purpose of this study is to design a flexibility measuring instrument using a microcontroller based proximity sensor. This tool works with the arduino unu microcontroller as the main controller, HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor as a distance reader for body flexibility, LED indicators and speakers as a sign of body flexibility, then LCD and delphi 7 applications using serial communication as a display of body flexibility.

Improving the reliability of energy facilities

The article analyzed and identified the main sources of interference, disrupting the work and reliability indicators of the system, which can lead to malfunction of system of microprocessor relay protection and automation for electric stations and substations, as well as elements and actuators of open distribution devices. According to official data, modern microprocessor-based relay automation systems operate with a reliability coefficient that is not lower than 0.998. Further increase in reliability requires the development of technical measures, namely, requires the use of power and signal cables that must meet the requirements for specific parameters of inductance, capacitance and active resistance, and also requires the use of special placement of cross sections of conductors inside the cable. Secondly, it is shown that to increase the reliability of information transmission it is necessary to switch to serial communication channels, but the amount of information per channel should be strictly limited. The estimation of economic indicators of the system and its dependence on the reliability of the system is given. Thus, with an increase in reliability by 1.5-2 times, it is necessary to increase the cost of design and commissioning of such a system by about 2 times. It is recommended to use in addition to the regulated maintenance procedures a mandatory assessment of the level of interference in the system in order to maintain a stable and reliable operation of the relay automation system. Experimental and calculated data confirmed that the most difficult situation to ensure the reliability of the system is associated with thunderstorms and lightning. This circumstance dictates the necessity of evaluation and measuring the parameters of a common system of earthing. The methods of evaluation and diagnosis of faulty components of the system are proposed.

Universal Modbus RTU Datalogger

In Computer Field, there are large number of peripheral an embedded devices are available which provides specific information. The System aims to design a software that uses Modbus serial communication protocol to interface various devices. Any Modbus device can be connected to computer at communication (com) Port. The data received at connected com Port will be displayed on computer with report and graphical format for implementation purpose LXT-330 sensor device will be used.

Design of Memory Test System for Measuring Transmission Lines Galloping

A mechine in order to warn of transmission lines galloping, reduce the loss caused by transmission lines galloping. Aiming at a transmission system, a set of lines galloping storage and testing device is developed. The device takes STM32 as the control core to realize signal conditioning, data storage, serial communication and other functions. In the design of the software, the method of single external trigger and multiple internal trigger is adopted to effectively avoid the false trigger phenomenon in weak oscillation, so as to test and store the acceleration of the wire when it gallopings violently. The acceleration sensor and the storage test device directly install on electric wire, and it can detect and record the acceleration data in the process of wire galloping.After the test, the recovery device uses the upper computer to read the detected data and display the waveform, which can provide important experimental basis for the theoretical analysis and parameter setting of the lines galloping.

QuickAnalysis: A Software Designed and Developed for a Portable On-Site Pathogen Detection System.

To develop a software program used for controlling the portable on-site pathogen detection system which is based on real-time PCR, this software is developed by C# over the Microsoft Visual Studio 2013 and used on local computers which are equipped with Windows systems. Taking the actual demand as the guidance, it constructs according to the framework design and unifies the barcode technology, the cloud service, and the Bluetooth technology. Based on the above methods, this software can meet the demands of the system such as free experiment design, auto-control of the hardware and efficient data management. During the operation of this program, the serial port and network communication between it and the device and web server remains stable, no matter it is processing the data collection or data analysis and display. It is feasible and practical to apply this software to the portable on-site pathogen detection system in clinical practices and research work.

Low-cost communication system for explorer-class underwater remotely operated vehicle

Disaster recovery from underwater earthquake, plane crashes into the sea, and monitoring underwater cables or piping for energy purpose are underwater missions for Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicle (ROV) in ASEAN MATE 2018 Competition. Two essentials factor to perform successfully in this ROV competition are design of an efficient communication protocol system and a low-cost communication hardware. In this research, an optimal communication system between RS-232 serial communication transmission and RS-485 serial communication transmission is developed to obtain the optimal solution. Both communication system is tested in Tech_SAS ROV-Telkom University Indonesia, a microcontroller underwater ROV based which used single microcontroller to control actuator, sensor and communication, and measured the Quality of Services (QoS) for end-to-end delay and packets loss. From the the experiment and evaluation for the two schemes, shows 12.57 ms end-to-end delay, 0% data packet error and $6 RS-485 communication system are the optimal solution for Tech_SAS ROV.

Design and Research of a Aero Engine Operating Status Monitoring System

A system for monitoring aero engine speed and discrete operating status signals from the engine is proposed in this paper. The system is mainly composed of MCU technology, sensor signal processing technology and serial communication technology, etc, which is used to monitor engine speed and discrete operating status signals from the engine. The system implements the following functions. On the one hand, the DC voltage signal outputted from the engine speed sensor and the DC voltage signal of the discrete working state of the engine output are collected, and the above information are processed and converted into a digital signal and transmitted to the master computer to obtain the data of engine speed and operating status; On the other hand, the output current signal is used to output a discrete alarm signal according to the detected signal. Aero engine operating status monitoring system has been tested and all parameters are in accordance with relevant regulations.

Estacionamiento Inteligente

In this work it present the development of a prototype for the control of spaces in a parking lot, which through a web page monitors and displays in real time the available places, for this project it is used: an Arduino Uno card, proximity sensors Lm393, male / female, male / male cables, ESP8266 WIFI module and two LEDs; all these connected to each other by a communication link developed with Arduino code, allowing to transmit and send data in the Arduino serial. An Arduino serial communication link is made with java language code, acting as an intermediary for the insertion of information in the database. The web application was developed with the programming language PHP and HTML and was connected to the database hosted on the MySQL server, using as a Sublime Text code editor. Thus achieving on the web page the monitoring in real time of the available parking places. The results shown by the prototype indicate that it is probably feasible to implement this technology to make the parking lots smart.

Diseño de una Placa de Entrenamiento de Microcontroladores PIC16F877A para la Asignatura de Control de Procesos con Microcontroladores de la carrera de Ingeniería en Mecatrónica en la Universidad Tecnológica Fidel Velázquez

This paper presents the design of a training plate with the microcontroller PIC16F877A of the Microchip brand, which will support the internship, mainly, in the subject of Process Control with Microcontrollers of the Mechatronics Engineering career of the Industrial Maintenance and Mechatronics Academic Division from Fidel Velázquez University (UTFV). With the design of this plaque and its future construction, students and professors of the aforementioned academic area career will have a more accessible tool so that they can carry out the practices of each of the subjects covered by the signature. The board is basically composed of a direct current (CD) voltage source, the socket that mounts the PIC16F877A microcontroller, a programming and debugging module, the RS-232 and I2C serial communication interface, eight LED indicators, a matrix keypad 3x4, a buzzer, two modules with three displays of seven segments each, a 16x2 LCD screen, an H bridge, for motor control and an eight relay module.

Behavior Analysis and Anomaly Detection for a Digital Substation on Cyber-Physical System

The electric power system infrastructure has begun to adopt digital information technologies such as transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) and Ethernet infrastructures. With this adoption, information technology-centric network and system management (NSM) tools are used to manage the intermediate communication systems and electric devices in digital substations. However, the technology to monitor the cyber–physical System (CPS) statistics for the intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) and serial communication for a digital substation does not exist yet. In this paper, we aim to propose cyber-physical analysis methodologies of a digital substation system, concerning issues of (1) International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 62351-7 based network and system management, (2) behavior analysis of the CPS, (3) cyber–physical anomaly detection systems, and (4) a testbed for a digital substation. By collaborating with Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), a cyber security testbed for the digital substation has been developed to implement the use cases and analyze potential security threats. Newly integrated methodologies for information handling are expected to lead to improved safety and reliability for the CPS of electric power grid systems.

Hexapod robot for autonomous machining

Product miniaturization is a key aspect of manufacturing nowadays. Computer numerically controlled (CNC) machine tools are the major tools used in manufacturing industries for producing miniaturized products. However, CNC machines are still big, bulky and stationary. This research is an effort to develop a modular machine on a robotic platform which would be able to carry out machining operation. Hexapod robots are mobile, small and stable robots which are developed having a lot of variety. In this project a Hexapod robot was designed and fabricated for machining operation. The research scope for this project was limited to 1-D machining i.e. drilling operation. A suitable existing robot (hexapod) design was followed in this project. A drilling spindle was attached with the robot to carry out the machining operation. The robot was controlled using serial communication. A GUI (Graphical User Interface) was developed to control the Hexapod which had all the required algorithm inside. Machining operations were carried out with the prototype robot to test its performance. The highest accuracy was found using spindle speed of 2500RPM and velocity of 200mm/min. The repeatability found using these parameters were around 25micron. The positional accuracy of the robot movement was compared with that of an existing commercial micromachining system. The performance of the robot was found to be almost similar to that of the commercial machine.

Projected visible light for 3D finger tracking and device augmentation on everyday objects

Recent advances on the Internet of Things (IoT) lead to an explosion of physical objects being connected to the Internet. These objects sense, compute, interpret what is occurring within themselves and the world, and preferably interact with users. In this work, we present a visible light-enabled finger tracking technique allowing users to perform freestyle multi-touch gestures on everyday object's surface. By projecting encoded patterns onto an object's surface (e.g. paper, display, or table) through a projector, and localizing the user's fingers with light sensors, the proposed system offers users a richer interactive space than the device's existing interfaces. More importantly, results from our experiments indicate that this system can localize ten fingers simultaneously with an accuracy of 1.7 mm and an refresh rate of 84 Hz with only 31 ms delay on WiFi or 23 ms delay on serial communication, easily supporting multi-finger gesture interaction on everyday objects. We also develop two example applications to demonstrate possible scenarios. Finally, we conduct a preliminary exploration of 3D depth inference using the same setup and achieve 2.43 cm depth estimation accuracy.

The Use of Low-Budget Self-Assembly Sets for Research and Robotics Education

AbstractThe article presents the possibilities of using easily accessible and inexpensive educational sets in scientific research and the process of robotics education. Such kits allow the exploration of theoretical and practical knowledge taking into account aspects of engineering, such as: mechanics, drive systems, sensor systems, control and programming of robots. Models of robots built from inexpensive components can also be used to test new solutions in the field of construction or control algorithms before they are used in real applications. As an example, the model of the palletizing manipulator for self-assembly was shown, the control of which was based on the Arduino Uno controller, while the drives were implemented using low-cost hobby-grade servos. For the kinematic structure of this manipulator, the forward and inverse kinematics task for the position has been discussed. This constituted the basis for the development of a manual control algorithm implemented in the controller – using a joystick and programmed – based on the data sent to the controller using serial communication from a PC. The article presents the results of the computer simulation of the manipulator kinematics, the hardware and software implementation of the robot model and the effects of its operation. The possibility of expanding the control system with additional elements to increase its functionality was indicated.

The Borehole-Ground Controlled Source Electromagnetic Signal Transmitter

Currently geophysical electromagnetic exploration for metal ores is facing some problems such as shallow probing depths, low accuracy and resolution, and poor anti-interference ability. To solve these difficulties, it is a feasible approach to make use of the existing mine tunnels, the electromagnetic transmitter on the ground and the recorders at the underground (borehole) or ground (prefecture) to compose a quasi-three-dimensional arrangement of measurement technology. This combination method of ground exciting and underground receiving can carry out observations from different directions to obtain subsurface electrical conductivity of the large amounts of information, and conduct quasi-three-dimensional imaging, allowing us to increase detection depth and resolution, and to reduce non-uniqueness in data interpretation and provide a new method for metallic ore exploration. The high-power single-frequency transmitter developed by our work can provide a single or multi-frequency inverter square wave, launching the signal frequency from DC to 9600Hz; the maximum emission voltage of 700V, and power supply current of 60A. This apparatus uses the GPS clock and real-time clock (RTC) module to ensure a regular and on time launching at scheduled frequencies. It can also make use of wireless Bluetooth and serial communication interface to control transmitting operation and edit the control parameter file and acquire a variety of supplementary status information. The experiment proves that the equipment is stable and reliable and can meet the requirements of conventional electromagnetic exploration and tapping the deep and blind exploration of successive resources for the exhausted mines.