Serial Communication Research Articles

A Soft Exoskeleton Glove Incorporating Motor-Tendon Actuator for Hand Movements Assistance

Hand paralysis can inhibit daily activities, for example, grasping a particular food or an object. With the advancement of science and technology today especially in wearable robot technology, normal hand function can be recovered with the help of wearable soft robotic glove. This robot has a mechanism that resembles the working mechanism of the hand itself. The purpose of this study is to develop a low-cost soft exoskeleton glove made from silicone rubber using a tendon-based mechanism. The molding of the soft glove is designed using SolidWorks CAD software. Dual-slack enabling actuators are designed and manufactured as the actuator system of the soft exoskeleton glove. The proposed actuator is used as flexion and extension motion for the human hand. This motion enables the soft exoskeleton glove to provide mechanical support for the human hand. A potentiometer sensor is used in the dual-slack enabling actuator for measuring the rotating angle of the actuator that is connected to the tendon and soft exoskeleton glove. The actuator is controlled using on-off and Proportional-Integral (PI) control. After the soft exoskeleton glove system is integrated, the soft robot is implemented on a healthy human hand to assist the grasping of various objects. The measurement for the wearable robot is performed by using serial communication between Arduino Nano microcontroller and the host computer. Based on the experimental results, the soft glove can successfully assist and support the user’s hand for various object grasping.

Penambahan Fitur Tampilan LCD dan Micro SD Card Reader pada mesin Laser Engraver and Cutter di Laboratorium Pengemudian Listrik

Laser engraver and cutter machine that have been made in previous research, can only be controlled by a computer. The addition of LCD display and Card Reader will make it work alone without using a computer (offline). Card reader is used to read gcode files from 2-dimensional design that have been made on a computer. LCD display is used to display a menu or a list of existing settings, the percentage of loading data from a gcode file and displays the 2-dimensional design of the gcode file. To move the menu on the LCD display an encoder switch is used. This additional feature was created using a microcontroller STM32F1 type as a core control system which performs serial communication with a laser machine. 32 bit ARM microcontroller is used because a lot of tasks has to perform. It must be able to read data from the SD card, display the image form from the gcode file and send it to the laser machine. Compared 3 types of gcode file of different file sizes and the speed of loading the data. The laser machine can perform its function by using the controls of the additional feature modules that have been made.

A serial high-speed satellite communication CODEC: Design and implementation of a SpaceFibre interface

In the last few years, satellite on-board data handling bandwidth requirements grew significantly, as well as production volume of these systems. A series of different protocols currently try to answer this need. In particular, the European Space Agency developed an open protocol solution: SpaceFibre. The SpaceFibre protocol can sustain a line rate of 6.25 Gb/s per lane (up to 16 lanes). It offers advanced and flexible Quality-of-Service features, as well as Fault Detection Isolation and Recovery services. The protocol structure has been developed so that full hardware implementation of its core layers is straightforward, granting high performances at low price in terms of complexity and power consumption, one of the most stringent requirements in space applications. In this paper, a FPGA implementation on both rad-hardened (RTAX2000, RTG4, Virtex-5) and commercial (ZYNQ 7000) devices of the SpaceFibre CODEC is presented together with its verification environment and a hardware validation set-up. Particular attention is given to the trade-off between resources utilisation, power consumption and CODEC configurations, in order to enable future system adopters to efficiently explore the design space.

Intrusion Detection System for the MIL-STD-1553 Communication Bus

MIL-STD-1553 is a military standard that defines the specification of a serial communication bus that has been implemented in military and aerospace avionic platforms for over 40 years. MIL-STD-1553 was designed for a high level of fault tolerance while less attention was paid to cyber security issues. Thus, as indicated in recent studies, it is exposed to various threats. In this article, we suggest enhancing the security of MIL-STD-1553 communication buses by integrating a machine learning-based intrusion detection system (IDS); such anIDS will be capable of detecting cyber attacks in real time. The IDS consists of two modules: 1) a remote terminal (RT) authentication module that detects illegitimately connected components and data transfers and 2) a sequence-based anomaly detection module that detects anomalies in the operation of the system. The IDS showed high detection rates for both normal and abnormal behavior when evaluated in a testbed using real 1553 hardware, as well as a very fast and accurate training process using logs from a real system. The RT authentication module managed to authenticate RTs with +0.99 precision and +0.98 recall; and detect illegitimate component (or a legitimate component that impersonates other components) with +0.98 precision and +0.99 recall. The sequence-based anomaly detection module managed to perfectly detect both normal and abnormal behavior. Moreover, the sequencebased anomaly detection module managed to accurately (i.e., zero false positives) model the normal behavior of a real system in a short period of time (~22 s).

A Decomposition Workflow for Integrated Circuit Verification and Validation

This paper reviews a developed integrated circuit (IC) decomposition workflow that can be leveraged for extracting design files and performing advanced verification and validation techniques on fabricated chips. In this work, a commercial 130-nm microcontroller is delayered and imaged to recreate the full design stack-up. Using MicroNet’s Pix2Net, the features for each layer are extracted allowing a GDSII file to be generated and design netlists for target components to be recovered. The full decomposition process is executed on both the read only memory (ROM) array and universal serial communications interface (USCI) of the microcontroller to recover the layout GDSII and circuit netlist. A single-precision floating point unit (FPU) test article is used to incorporate a spectrum of error types into the design layout, thus creating a set of test articles with obfuscated errors. Once the netlists for each of the modified designs are extracted, formal verification techniques are applied to each netlist, thus illuminating the errors originally inserted into the layout. The extracted netlists are then converted into register transfer level (RTL) representations and simulated with the original design verification testbench.

Implementation of FPGA-Based Controller in Automatic Control System Platform for Launch Site

To develop an FPGA-based controller, we proposed the architecture and implementation schemes for the controller and determined the technical indexes for the design. The schemes include the board layout and design of the logic daughter card for the architecture of the FPGA-based controller. To improve reliability, self-diagnosis and self-protection circuits are included in the controller design. The data communication design mainly consists of backplane serial data communication, a 422/485 serial data communication daughter card, and an I/O daughter card. We developed a prototype controller and established a propellant loading prototype control system for a space launch site. Experimental results show that the performance of the designed FPGA-based controller meets the major technical indexes. The controller is then compared with existing PLCs. The comparison shows that the FPGA-based controller has higher reliability, faster response time, and better performance.

Wireless X-ray Machine Control Based on Arduino with Kv Parameters

High voltage (kV) on an X-ray machine is the voltage produced by the High Tension Transformer (HTT) which will give a potential difference to the X-ray machine’s tube. Regional General Hospitals (RSUD) in Indonesia still widely use X-ray machines with analog systems as kV selection. This will result in the radiographer being exposed to radiation continuously when running the X-ray machine because they have to operate the tool directly. The many uses of cables on analog systems are still less efficient, therefore a wireless X-ray machine controller is designed that can reduce radiation exposure to radiographers, and reduce the use of cables on X-ray machines. This study uses Personal Computer (PC) as a place to set parameter values, namely kV. Serial communication using Bluetooth HC-05, minimum system uses ATmega 328p IC and data processing on PC using Delphi application. Measurements on the device use a multimeter to determine the input voltage for HTT. The measurement results of the parameters 60 kV, 65 kV, 70 kV, 75 kV, and 80 kV obtained the smallest correction value is 0.15 kV on the 75 kV parameter and the largest is 1.66 kV on the 65 kV parameter. The correction value is still within the tolerance value range of ± 1kV. In the measurement of distance the farthest results obtained by 6 meters with a barrier wall thickness of 9.5 cm.

Construction of operation parameters data acquisition system for 300 keV/20 mA EBM BATAN yogyakarta

Construction of components operating system and operation data parameters acquisition system for 300 keV/20 mA EBM PSTA-BATAN Yogyakarta has been done. The system is used for operating and monitoring of operation data parameters of 300 keV/20 mA EBM such as input oscillator power voltage, high voltage, high voltage current, coloumn current, regulated voltage of electron gun, electron beam current and vacuum pressure. The system consists of a hardware and a software. The hardware consisted of the SuperPLC FX2424 Module, L-Relay 51 module, voltage power supply, while the software as created using the LabVIEW version 2018 and i-TRiLOGI programs version 7.01. The construction of the system was started with the making of an operating program at i-TRiLOGI, making PLC and LabVIEW communications, programming the operating system in LabVIEW, making a data acquisition system in LabVIEW. The system was functioned to operate will operate EBM components via a computer device by pressing the operation buttons on the computer screen, while the operating parameters was displayed in the form of continuous graphics, digital tables and numbers. The system was equipped with operating data storage facilities that can be opened or printed at any time. The test results of communication testing between SuperPLC and LabVIEW was done with serial communication. The operation of the LabVIEW software was able to operate the programming function on PLC FX2424. From the ADC PLC test the linear graph results showed with a correlation value of 1. In the data appearance testing in HMI LabVIEW it was appropriate and the data presentation function could be performed in the form of tables and graphs and the data could be displayed in Ms. Excel for data tables and in Ms. format Word for graphical data.

The Interaction of Five-Fingered Haptic Controller for Manipulating Object in Virtual Reality

In this paper, we designed a haptic controller interface that can control haptic controller with pressure sensors that collect pressure data from each finger, linear actuators to control different force feedback on each finger, and vibration motor. The haptic controller system consists of haptic controller hardware, haptic controller interface, and game engine module. The haptic controller hardware communicates with haptic controller interface module via serial communication. The game engine interface module performs physics-based interaction between haptic controller and virtual object. We designed the haptic controller interface with previously studied hardware and performed user tests. This paper showed the possibility of more realistic hand operation than the existing VR controller.

Improved Low Power Multichannel Pulse Amplitude Analyzer

Multichannel pulse amplitude analyzer is the core part of ray energy spectrum analysis system. In order to meet the requirements of ultra-low power consumption and portable high accuracy of the instrument, this design is characterized by the application of differential circuit in the screening circuit, which eliminates the analog switch, capacitance and diode, and greatly reduces the power consumption of the instrument. Without the use of diodes, circuits can discriminate pulses of any magnitude, especially in gamma-ray spectrometer systems. The overall structure is 89C52 MCU as the control core, simple design, external RAM storage measurement data, through RS-232 serial port and computer communication. According to the requirements of the measured frequency, switching values of R and C can be applied to a variety of energy spectrum analyzer systems.

Accelerometer Implementation as Feedback on 5 Degree of Freedom Arm Robot

The research investigated the automatic control system implemented with the 5 DOF (Degree of Freedom) arm robot control system using the closed-loop control method with the MPU 6050 sensor, which integrated the rotation of the MG995 motor servo as a feedback function. The control of this robot used android–based application, in which the app sends data of the rotate angle for each servo motor rotated to a certain angle. The HC – 05 Bluetooth received the data and the Arduino UNO R3 microcontroller processed them. The microcontroller managed every rotation of each servo motor that integrated with an MPU6050 sensor with serial monitor communication to display the rotation of each servo motor. The test results obtained by the standard deviation value showed how large the sample diversity was. The result of this study showed a standard deviation correlation with the number of sample diversity. The higher the standard deviation value, the more sample data spread (data diverse or varies). Otherwise, the smaller the standard deviation value, the more homogenous the sample data. If the standard deviation equals zero, it indicates that the sample has identical data. The highest standard deviation value from servo motor 1 is 5.20, servo motor 2 and 3 are 1.00, servo motor 4 is 2.89, and servo motor 5 is 2.9

A Deep-Learning-Based Framework for Supporting Analysis and Detection of Attacks on CAN Buses

Abstract Modern vehicles contain a plethora of electronic units aimed to send and receive data by exploiting the serial communication provided by the CAN bus. CAN packets are broadcasted to all components and it is in charge of the single component to decide if it is the receiver of the packets. Furthermore, this protocol does not provide source identification of authentication: for these reason it clear that the CAN bus can be easily exposed to attacks. In this paper we propose a method to detect CAN bus targeting attacks. We take into account deep learning algorithms and we evaluate the proposed method by exploiting CAN messages obtained from a real vehicle injecting four different attacks (i.e. dos, fuzzy, gear and rpm), with interesting results in CAN bus attacks detection.

Arduino based Smart Home Automation System

Around the World massive quantities of energy are consumed in residential buildings leading to a negative impact on the environment. Also, the number of wireless connected devices in use around the World is constantly and rapidly increasing, leading to potential health risks due to over exposer to electromagnetic radiation. An opportunity appears to reduce the energy consumption in residential buildings by introducing smart home automation systems. Multiple such solutions are available in the market with most of them being wireless, so the challenge is to design such systems that would limit the quantity of newly generated electromagnetic radiation. For this we look at several wired, serial communication methods and we successfully test such a method using a simple protocol to exchange data between an Arduino microcontroller board and a Visual C# app running on a Windows computer. We aim to show that if desired, smart home automation systems can still be built using simple viable alternatives to wireless communication.

Design Monitoring Electrical Power Consumtion at Computer Cluster

Electricity is one of the basic needs in the era of technological development, where all equipment must use electricity to operate such as computer, so that it requires a system that can monitor power consumption at computer cluster. To monitoring power consumption using WCS1800 to current sensor and microcontroller Atmega32 to data sensor process, and serial communication to send data to display at personal computer. From test system having two result, first is power consumption at computer cluster starting, where current value range is 0 to 38A with power consumption is 0 to 8360 watt. And second is power consumtion at computer cluster execution progran, current value is 27 to 40 A, with power consumption 5940 to 8800 watt. From this system has been design, the power consumption at computer cluster can be monitored and known value of energy consumption.

Development of two-axis translation stage control system based on STC8A8K64S4A12

Based on STC8A8K64S4A12 microcontroller and LabVIEW[1] software, the two-axis translation stage control system is designed. The two-axis translation stage is applied to a plane plotter, and the two rails are placed at right angles to form a horizontal motion mechanism. The two-axis controller consists of STC8A8K64S4A12 microcontroller control board and TMC5160 stepper motor driver[2], which realizes independent control of the two-axis translation stage. At the same time, PC software is designed, which can be connected to the two-axis controller through network interface or serial communication interface. The two-axis translation stage is controlled by a PC or a laptop. Repeated test experiments were carried out on the system. The experimental results show that the system has high reliability and control precision, and the horizontal displacement control accuracy is 0.01 mm.

Effects of Framing Errors on the Performance of Molecular Communications With Memory

In conventional digital communication systems, synchronous transmission is achieved by embedding the clocking information into the data signal. However, the implementation of this technique in molecular communication systems, which rely on the diffusion of molecules as information carriers, becomes very complex due to the randomness of the diffusion process. Hence, in this paper we consider the molecular communication between two nanoscale devices with no exchange of any clock signal. To initiate the communication, the transmitter sends a special molecular symbol called beacon in order to trigger the detection process in the receiver. Therefore, this beacon symbol is equivalent to the start bit used for framing in asynchronous serial communication systems. We assume that both transmitter and receiver clocks are perfect, but not synchronized. Accordingly, the analysis focuses on the effects of framing errors on the performance of the molecular channel, measured via the symbol error probability. These errors are inherent to the random nature of the beacon arrival instant, which tends to degrade the alignment between the transmitter and receiver frames. We also assume a molecular channel with any level of inter-symbol interference and the use of different types of molecules to encode information symbols. We validate the derived SEP expression by means of extensive simulation experiments, and finally we develop a design scheme for the beacon symbol that satisfactorily mitigates the effects of framing errors.

A method for remotely upgrade C8051F041 program based on CAN bus network

The CAN bus is a serial communication network using the CAN protocol. The microcontroller of C8051F041 is a highly integrated mixed-signal system-on-a-chip with an integrated CAN bus controller. The article describes in detail how to implement remote update of all MCU Flash under the same CAN bus network. The result shows that all MCU Flash in the same bus network can be remotely updated. Only CAN bus is needed for update and no additional Connected. Program maintenance and maintenance costs can be effectively reduced in industrial control networks.

Wireless corrosion monitoring system based on an interdigital capacitive corrosion sensor

The corrosion of reinforcing steel bars in concrete is the main factor affecting the durability of reinforced concrete structures. The traditional capacitance method has many limitations in detecting the corrosion of the bars, such as low sensitivity, short lifespan and small test range. Therefore, an interdigital capacitive corrosion sensor is designed based on the capacitive method, and a wireless corrosion monitoring system for reinforcing steel bars in concrete is established based on the ZigBee wireless sensor network technology. The data processing unit, wireless communication unit, data acquisition unit, voltage conversion unit and serial communication unit are designed for terminal nodes and the coordinator node in the system. Moreover, a host computer interface is developed with Microsoft Visual Studio 2010, which can realise real-time display and query of monitoring information. The experimental results show that the system can effectively monitor the corrosion of reinforcing steel bars in concrete, which can provide a reliable basis for timely and effective maintenance.

Design and Fabrication of SHRALA: Social Humanoid Robot Based on Autonomous Learning Algorithm

Abstract This paper presents the preliminary research work in the Design, Fabrication of a Social Humanoid Robot based on Autonomous Learning Algorithm (SHRALA). Virtual Model of the humanoid robot was developed using Solidworks environment. This model is then fabricated using Creality Ender-3 3D printer. The electronic control circuit was designed and interfaced to computer using ATMEGA 2650 controller board, based on 8-bit AVR microcontroller. In order to easily and efficiently control the SHRALA a Graphical User Interface (GUI) was created using Unity3D editor, where a simple USB joystick was used to actuate the motions of the SHRALA in the virtual environment. The fabricated SHRALA was controlled in real time using a serial communication interface created between the GUI and Arduino Mega 2650 board. The humanoid robot was successfully controlled using the GUI environment and the preliminary results are satisfactory as it is performing the task as per the desired instructions. This research work is a part of the real time humanoid robot development project “SHRALA”, In near future autonomous learning algorithm will also be implemented in the robot and the same will be published as research article in a modular approach.

Architectural Enhancement of Network on Chip

This paper gives a new architectural design suggestion of NoC, with efficient way of communication. Firstly, to create a serial data communication architecture in competence with the existing widely used parallel form of data transmission and reception [1]. Secondly to enable simultaneous transmission and reception between more than one module at the same time. Thirdly to create the architecture that is modifiable as per the need of user. The theoretical data rate calculated was 300 MBps. The throughput we achieved after the completion is 250MBps.