Translation Of Sentences Research Articles

The Construction of “Interactive” English Translation Teaching Mode in the Background of Internet

Abstract This paper discusses the construction of “interactive” English translation teaching mode in the background of the Internet, and analyzes the application of neural machine translation model in improving the effect of translation teaching. The research adopts Word2vec algorithm to train word vectors, combines neural network language model and encoder-decoder structure, and constructs Transformer model and CNN+Transformer model to improve translation efficiency and quality. The translation experiments on sentences of different lengths show that the models perform better in short sentence translation. The experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms the traditional model in terms of BLEU value, and the best translation effect is found in test set 1, where the BLEU value is improved by 10.6 and 11.7 compared with that of the baseline model and the CNN model, respectively. The “interactive” teaching mode designed with POA theory significantly outperforms the traditional teaching mode regarding students’ lexical, grammatical and semantic translation quality. The “interactive” English translation teaching with neural translation model can effectively improve the quality of translation teaching and students’ learning effect.

Výchovná zložka v učebnici Júliusa Špaňára „Latinčina pre gymnáziá“

The present study deals with the educational component in the textbook Latin for Grammar Schools by the classical philologist Julius Špaňár. Since the textbook was written during the communist period, the main research question was to find out whether the textbook is aimed at forming pupils' consciousness based on a Marxist-Leninist worldview or whether it reflects the values of Greco-Roman antiquity. The research dealt with the translation sentences of the textbook and the analysis of their content. The results of the analysis showed what values and themes are presented in the textbook and what sources of inspiration the author drew on. The research provides important insights for a better understanding of the Latin for Grammar Schools textbook and its educational function.

Traduction automatique et désambiguïsation des sens des mots. Le cas du verbe français louer

Machine translators such as those offered by Google, Deep, ChatGPT and others are already using NMT systems. They apply the techniques of artificial intelligence that are constantly being developed, so they are currently providing increasingly correct and suitable translations. In the first part of this article, the author examines the case of the French verb louer by having it translated in different contexts by three automatic translators mentioned to see how effective they currently are as translation tools. Next, the verb louer is presented and analyzed as seen through the prism of the Antidote 8 dictionary. The last part of the article is devoted to the French-Polish description of the verb studied using the Object-Oriented Approach, with the aim of disambiguating it and developing the system of syntactico-semantic rules (object classes, frames, scripts) enabling the appropriate automatic translation of sentences in which it may appear.

Retracted: Research on Intelligent Calibration of English Long Sentence Translation Based on Corpus

Retracted: Research on Intelligent Calibration of English Long Sentence Translation Based on Corpus

Techniques and Quality Translation of Interrogative Sentence Dubbing: English-Indonesian and English-Arabic in The Cartoon Movie

This article aims to describe the types of interrogative sentences in The Spongebob Movie: Sponge on The Run, translation techniques, and the quality of the translation results. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The results of this research are as follows: Based on the translation, interrogative sentences are divided into two types: translations without a shift of 137 data and translations with a shift of 20 data. In this research, it was found that 16 of the 18 translation techniques in the Molina & Albir version were dominated by common equivalent techniques, namely 187 data (41%) in TL 1 and 245 data (46%) in TL 2. Of the 157 data, 113 quality data were found in English-Indonesian dubbing with a score of 2.73 and 115 data in English-Arabic with a score of 2.69. So, the quality results of the dubbing translation of English-Indonesian and English-Arabic question sentences are included in the excellent category. It can be concluded that shifts and translation techniques influence the results of translation quality.

A Comparative Analysis of Cultural Terms in Arabic-Javanese Religious Texts Through the Lens of al-Hikam Aphorisms Translation

Local wisdom stood as a cornerstone of Indonesia's cultural richness. Regrettably, this invaluable asset, particularly in the form of "translation products," was overlooked and underappreciated. Despite Indonesia boasting a substantial collection of Arabic religious texts translated into Javanese, utilizing the pegon script, these Arabic-Javanese texts demanded preservation, scholarly exploration, and development grounded in specific theoretical frameworks. This research undertook a comparative analysis of "cultural terms" within religious texts, focusing on al-Hikam aphorisms translated from Arabic (L1) into both Indonesian and Javanese (L2). The primary objective was to dissect and analyze the local wisdom and Islamic Sufism moral values embedded in al-Hikam aphorisms through translation. The study drew on translations of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences from carefully selected sources related to cultural terms, including books and various Arabic-Javanese translation dictionaries. Employing a purposive sampling method, data collection followed a meticulous process. Qualitative data analysis unfolded through four pivotal stages: (1) domain analysis, (2) taxonomy analysis, (3) componential analysis, and (4) cultural theme analysis. The findings, gleaned from lexicography study and semantic analysis of translation, revealed the existence of two translation ideologies shaping cultural terms in Arabic-Javanese religious texts: domestication ideology and foreignization ideology. This research underscored that translation products were inseparable from the ideological dimensions of foreignization and domestication. Foreignization endeavored to assimilate source language elements into the target language, while domestication integrated original components with local elements. This research contributed to a deeper understanding of how foreignization and domestication shaped the depiction of local wisdom in Arabic-Javanese religious texts.

Exploring English Long Sentence Translation Methods by Applying Natural Language Processing Techniques

Abstract This paper analyzes the “encoder-decoder” framework in neural machine translation and clarifies that the task of natural language processing is sequence learning. Secondly, recurrent neural networks are used to combine the historical hidden layer output information with the current input information, which is specialized in processing sequence data to achieve good translation results. Applying the attention mechanism to the field of natural language processing, a Transformer model based on the full attention mechanism is constructed in order to achieve the purpose of translating the source language while also performing alignment operations on the target language. The evaluation and analysis of the Transformer model based on the full-attention mechanism concludes that the Transformer model has 0.0152 Pearson correlation coefficients higher than the Bilingual Expert model, which is also 2.92% higher than the Bilingual Expert model, with the participation of f feature in both models. This further proves the Transformer model’s ability to correctly and effectively translate English sentences. At the same time, it also shows that the application of natural language processing technology can improve the efficiency of English long-sentence translation and comprehensively improve the quality of long-sentence translation.

Analysis of Linguistic and Cultural Differences in Japanese Translation Based on Differential Equation Modeling in the Perspective of PMC Assessment

Abstract This paper focuses on the differences in grammar rules and syntactic structures between Japanese passive and probable tenses and labels the corresponding sentences in the corpus according to their grammatical features. A statistical method is employed to categorize the corpus by linking dependency trees and morphological information. Differential equation modeling is used to construct a classification model, and the important features and extraction processes for distinguishing sentence structure are defined. In conclusion, the impact of language and cultural differences on the machine translation of Japanese passive sentences is examined. The results show that the significant values of manual translation and machine translation are 0.158 and 0.203, respectively, which are greater than 0.05, indicating that they conform to the normal distribution and there are obvious differences between them. The mean score of the total score of manual translation is 4.62, and the mean score of the total score of machine translation is 2.85, indicating that there is a significant effect of language and cultural differences on machine translation. This paper provides useful guidance and insights for improving the quality of Japanese translation and promoting cross-cultural communication and understanding.

Language Model for Translating the English Language to Garhwali Language

The main aim of this paper is to develop a language model for translating the English language to Garhwali, a language spoken in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India. The model will use state-of-the-art natural language processing techniques, including machine learning and neural networks, to enable accurate and efficient translation of English sentences into Garhwali and vice versa. The model will be trained on a large dataset of parallel English-Garhwali text to ensure high accuracy and fluency of the translations. The successful development of this language model will help bridge the language barrier between English speakers and Garhwali speakers, facilitate communication and exchange of ideas, and promote cultural exchange and understanding. Local language conversion system can help to improve the user experience by providing content in the language that the user is most comfortable with. It can help to reduce confusion and frustration, and make the user experience more enjoyable. Keywords: Statistical Machine Translation, Mathematical model, English-Garhwali, Evaluation.

Based on the Typical Differences between Chinese and English, the Practical Problems and Solutions in English

Although there are differences between Chinese and English as two different languages, one of their common points is that they both carry their own cultures, and culture is one of the "key nodes" that can connect the two. Therefore, in order to achieve "common language structure" on the basis of "learning home and abroad", it is necessary to use English as a tool to spread Chinese culture, and then promote the dissemination, communication and integration of different cultures, which is also one of the important purposes of learning English. At the same time, enhancing cultural confidence is one of the important cultural strategies of the Chinese government in recent years. In order to better let the world listen to the voice of China and enhance students' cultural identity, "telling Chinese stories well in English" has become one of the distinct themes in the field of English teaching. However, due to the inherent differences in Chinese and English in vocabulary, sentences and discourse, as well as the particularity of traditional Chinese culture, students will have great problems in vocabulary memory, sentence translation and discourse reading in the teaching process of telling Chinese stories in English. therefore, In the process of middle school English teachers should be based on the typical differences between Chinese and English and the characteristics of traditional Chinese culture, Starting with the vocabulary, sentences and texts of traditional Chinese culture, By classifying traditional Chinese vocabulary, distinguishing the style characteristics of sentences and emphasizing the structural characteristics of traditional Chinese culture, To solve the problems of middle school students in vocabulary, sentences and discourse, While paying attention to students' cultural knowledge and pragmatic ability, Both input and output, To solve the problem of students learning traditional Chinese culture in English step by step, Improve the comprehensive quality, Be an envoy of cultural communication and communication, Truly achieve in the "learning of Chinese and Western" on the basis of "language structure common".

Acquisition of English relative clauses by native speakers of Kurdish Sorani

AbstractThe present study investigates several linguistic factors that might be determinants of differences in the ease of acquisition of relative clauses (RCs) in L2 contexts, using the acquisition of English relative clauses by Kurdish Sorani native speakers. The analysis of 1440 subject and object RCs formed by Kurdish Sorani-speaking learners of English in a sentence combination task and a sentence translation task indicates that the syntactic functions of the noun phrase (NP) relativized in the RC, the position of the RC in the matrix clause (whether centre- or right-embedded), and the properties of RCs in L1 affect the acquisition and the formation of RCs in L2. The study also provides evidence that the syntactic functions of the relativized NP in the matrix clause, and the consistency/inconsistency of word orders in L1 and L2 do not influence the acquisition of RCs in L2.

Automatic Resource Augmentation for Machine Translation in Low Resource Language: EnIndic Corpus

Parallel corpus is the primary ingredient of machine translation. It is required to train the statistical machine translation (SMT) and neural machine translation (NMT) systems. There is a lack of good quality parallel corpus for Hindi to English. Comparable corpora for a given language pair are comparatively easy to find, but this cannot be used directly in SMT or NMT systems. As a result, we generate a parallel corpus from the comparable corpus. For this purpose, the sentences (which are translations of each other) are mined from the comparable corpus to prepare the parallel corpus. The proposed algorithm uses the length of the sentence and word translation model to align sentence pairs that are translations of each other. Then, the sentence pairs that are poor translations of each other (measured by a similarity score based on IBM model 1 translation probability) are filtered out. We apply this algorithm to comparable corpora, which are crawled from speeches of the President and Vice-President of India, and mined parallel corpora out of them. The prepared parallel corpus contains good quality aligned sentences (with 96.338% f-score). Subsequently, incorrect sentence pairs are filtered out manually to make the corpus in qualitative practical use. Finally, we gather various sentences from different sources to prepare the EnIndic corpus, which comprises 1,656,207 English-Hindi sentence pairs (miscellaneous domain). We have deployed this prepared largest English-Hindi parallel corpus at https://github.com/debajyoty/EnIndic.git and the source code at https://github.com/debajyoty/EnIndicSourceCode.git.

Translation of Long Sentences in Engineering Contracts under the Theory of Functional Equivalence: Taking FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Construction (Red Book) as an Example

The FIDIC (Fédération lnternationale Des lngénieurs Conseils) Conditions of Contract for Construction are widely used in international engineering contracts, and their translation also plays an active role in the construction of China's own engineering contract texts. Due to the complexity and variety of the logical levels and modifiers, understanding and translation have become a major challenge. This paper will use functional equivalence theory as the theoretical guide, take the English and Chinese versions of FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Construction (1999 Red Book) as the main research text, analyze the long sentences of FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Construction and its translation techniques in Chinese translation, and explore how Chinese translation can deal with complex long sentences to achieve the closest and most natural equivalence between the target language and the source language.

The E-C Translation of Passive Voice in UN Legal Documents

Though scholars have thoroughly explored the translation methods of passive voice, few studied the translation of passive sentences in UN legal documents. This research aims to identify the most frequently applied method of translating passive voice in UN legal documents. To this end, I adopt the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol as a case study. I employ quantitative analysis to analyze the frequency that the translation methods are used in the translation of the two legal documents. I apply qualitative analysis to analyze how and why these methods are employed. The result testifies to the correctness of the hypothesis, namely, the passive voice in UN legal documents is most often translated into passive voice in Chinese. After a thorough analysis of the parallel texts, I go on to suggest that translators need to choose translation methods based on the specific context. I hope this research will provide inspiration for the translation of international legal texts.

PENYUNTINGAN NASKAH TERJEMAHAN SAMARKAND KARYA ANONIM

The objectives of this research are as follows: (1) to explain the process of editing translated manuscripts; (2) to describe the difficulties/challenges in editing translated manuscripts; and (3) to provide solutions in addressing the existing difficulties/challenges. This research employs a qualitative approach using descriptive analysis method. This means that the researcher edits the manuscripts, describes the process, identifies the arising issues, and provides alternative solutions. The analyzed stages of mechanical editing include translation and editing of words, phrases, and sentences. This classification is done because there are still many errors found in translating words, phrases, and sentences. The difficulties faced by translators, which also pose challenges for the researcher as an editor, are as follows: (1) ambiguity of the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences; (2) difficulty in finding equivalent words, phrases, and sentences; (3) inadequate familiarity with cultural words in the source text; (4) influence of the form and type of words, phrases, and sentences in the source language; and (5) influence of the source language. These difficulties can be overcome by: (a) referring to the source text and comparing it with the translated manuscript to be edited; (b) employing editing techniques specific to translated manuscripts; (c) mastering the theme and having knowledge of the translated manuscript; (d) consulting directly with the translator; and (e) if possible, consulting with the original author of the manuscript as well.

Reduction Techniques in Arabic-Indonesian Imperative and Nominal Sentence Translation

Language is a means of communication that humans use to communicate with each other both orally and through text. A translation process is needed so that the listener or reader can understand the intent of the speaker or writer. This research aims to explain the use of reduction techniques in translating Arabic imperative sentences and Arabic nominal sentences into Indonesian by analyzing in terms of I’rab, syntax function and syntax category, as well as the pattern used in translation. This research can add insight to the reader and person who wants to be a translator (Arabic language into the Indonesian language) by giving a detailed explanation regarding reduction techniques and their use in imperative and nominal sentences. The method used, namely qualitative descriptive with a case study from some Arabic sentences that changed the form of reduced syntax functions when translated into the Indonesian language. Through this research, it is known that the reduction technique for solving the Arabic language into the Indonesian language needs to use because of the existence of the second person pronoun (the person being spoken/dhamir mukhatab) no need to mention in Indonesian imperative sentences. The same goes for nominal sentences; reduction technique is used based on the assumption that a syntactic function in Arabic as the source language is not always required in Indonesian as the receiving language.

Application of Q-learning virtual network and embedded processor in Chinese English translation sentence accuracy analysis

Application of Q-learning virtual network and embedded processor in Chinese English translation sentence accuracy analysis

Studying From Home During COVID-19: A Many-Facets Rasch Model (MFRM) Analysis

This study proposes to measure students’ grammar distancing while studying from home and explore their strengths and weaknesses with a grammar test. It is a descriptive quantitative study, the participants being 55 students in their fifth (5th) semester of the 2020/2021 academic year at a university in Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands, Indonesia. Data is retrieved from the grammar test and analyzed using the Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (MFRM) Model Software Version 3.83.3. This research highlights that studying from home, or distance learning, impacts grammar distancing as seen in the students’ varying achievements in grammar, the breakdown being 10.91% lower achievement, 5.45% low achievement, 27.27% high achievement, 43.64% higher achievement and 12.73% highest achievement. The results also indicate their strength in sentence translations and jumbled words; 83.64% of the students displayed good understanding. Their weakness lies in rearranging compound-complex sentences with phrasal verbs. The students’ different achievements in grammar demonstrate the need for improvement for future use and better student performance.

Analysis of Errors in Using Passive Sentences by Japanese Language Students at Universitas Harapan Medan

This research analyzed the errors in the use of passive sentences among Japanese language students at Harapan Medan University. Using a descriptive analysis method on test data from students enrolled in the Japanese Language Program in the 2021 academic year, the study found that syntactic errors were the most common. These errors were caused by students' lack of understanding of passive sentence usage, including particles, verbs, and translation. Lapses in errors emerged as the dominant type, resulting from unintentional mistakes or lack of awareness by the speakers. They usually occur in writing due to physical fatigue or rushing during the test. Competence factors were the main cause of these errors, as students had not fully grasped the rules of passive sentence structure, particularly regarding using particles and determining subject and object. The influence of the native language also played a role in the errors, especially in translating passive sentences from Indonesian to Japanese. In conclusion, students face challenges in using passive sentences in Japanese, particularly in syntax and rule comprehension. Efforts are needed to improve their learning, deepen their understanding of passive sentence usage, and enhance their comprehension of sentence structure and its constituent elements.

Chinese Passive Sentences Interpretation Strategies in the Perspective of Skopos Theory

Due to different language families and cultural backgrounds, Chinese and English have much disparity, among which the passive voice is one of the most significant differences. Therefore, developing appropriate strategies for passive voice interpretation is essential. However, current translation community has relatively little research on the Chinese - English translation of passive sentences, and even the existent research on this field is not systematic. This study aims to find out common strategies for English interpretation of Chinese passive sentences (abbreviated as CPS) on the basis of Skopos Theory. The present study conducts Corpus Linguistics as the research method, and focuses on the structures, components, and semantic meanings of both source and target sentences to discuss whether the interpretation strategy employed achieved its purpose. By collecting and analyzing CPS in political speeches between 1997 and 2017 and their English interpretations from CEPIC corpus, three strategies are proposed in this study: 1) Interpreting CPS into English passive sentences; 2) Interpreting CPS into English active sentences; 3) Interpreting CPS into English structures without active or passive voice. The choice of strategy is contingent but must conforms with the translation purpose and take into consideration the target audience and target setting, so to improve the quality of interpretation activity as an efficacious trans-national communication.