Sensory Integration Approach Research Articles

A Systematic Review of Treatment for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Sensory Processing and Sensory Integration Approach.

The prevalence of the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been increasing globally, necessitating updates to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders with respect to ASD diagnosis. It is now recognised that ASD is related to sensory processing disorder, and sensory integration is considered a suitable intervention for treating children diagnosed with ASD. This paper provides a systematic review on a timeline from 2013 to 2023, based on the PRISMA model. Evidence was sought in the academic search engines Pubmed, Scielo, Eric, Dialnet, Springer, Base Search and Google Scholar, which produced 16 articles according to the inclusion criteria. According to the results of this review, intervention with sensory integration in infants with ASD meets the criteria to be considered an evidence-based practice. The studies reviewed focused mainly on clinical settings and, therefore, we highlight the urgent need for further research to evaluate the effectiveness of sensory integration interventions in naturalistic settings such as homes and schools. This will help to obtain more representative data on how these interventions affect the daily lives of children with ASD.

Sensory Integration Approaches for Children and Youth in Occupational Therapy Practice.

This AOTA Position Statement describes the role of occupational therapy practitioners in providing services to children and youth with a variety of sensory processing patterns and sensory integrative dysfunction. It also serves as a resource for policymakers, funding and reimbursement sources, and caregivers.

The Effectiveness of the Ayres® Sensory Integration Approach in the School Context for Students with Autistic Spectrum Disorder

Ainclusão escolar de alunos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é considerada por pesquisadores e educadores como um desafio para os profissionais da saúde e da educação, devido à heterogeneidade imposta pela caracterização do transtorno (CABRAL; MARIM, 2017). Essas características heterogênicas se manifestam de acordo com os fatores fisiológicos, grau de comprometimento funcional e influência dos fatores ambientais, o que sugere que, tendo em vista as suas especificidades clínicas, os indivíduos com esse quadro devem receber atenção especializada no processo de escolarização (CINTRA; JESUINO; PROENÇA, 2015). Em função da especificidade do TEA, a inclusão desses alunos implica em reflexões importantes a respeito das possibilidades de intervenções, adequações e acolhimento necessários para contemplar toda a diversidade imposta pelo diagnóstico. Desta forma, é fundamental a parceria entre educação e saúde para que se tenha o máximo de conhecimento das características de cada aluno tanto do ponto de vista funcional quanto educacional e com isso a sua inclusão seja eficiente e se dê de maneira adequada às suas necessidades (FERRAIOLI; HARRIS, 2011).

Occupational therapy using an Ayres Sensory integration® approach for school-age children – a randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Sensory-based interventions, for children with problems regarding sensory integration (SI), have become recognised by the public in recent years; many advertised intervention programmes do not truly reflect the principles of Ayres Sensory Integration approach (ASI®). Furthermore, there is still a lack of evidence-based practice to support its clinical application in Hong Kong. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of occupational therapy (OT), with ASI® interventions, for school-age children with SI problems through randomised controlled trials. Fifty-two subjects were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group; 27 participants in the experimental group received 16 sessions (45 min each) of ASI® intervention. Pretest/posttest changes in scores for goal attainment scaling, the Sensory Integration and Praxis Test (SIPT), and the Chinese Sensory Profile showed significant improvement in the experimental group. The results indicate that the ASI® intervention is effective in treating children with SI problems.

Evaluating the Long-Term Effectiveness of an Intensive OT Sensory Integration (OT-SI) Program for Children With Challenges in Sensory Processing and Integration

Abstract Date Presented 04/02/2022 Children experiencing challenges with sensory processing and integration often receive OT services to improve functional performance. However, information about the long-term effectiveness of OT intervention for children with sensory challenges is limited. The purpose of this study was to explore whether children were able to maintain improvements after OT services ended and to understand parent perspectives of OT using a sensory integration approach. Primary Author and Speaker: Victoria Ann McQuiddy Additional Authors and Speakers: Marissa Hosp, Sabella Smith, Madison Vines, Hannah Osterfeld Contributing Authors: Angela Bates, Shannon Teeters, Sara Ruth Strain-Riggs, Aurora Hoobler, Anna R. Ramstetter

Effectiveness of Occupational Therapy Using a Sensory Integration Approach: A Multiple-Baseline Design Study.

Occupational therapy using an Ayres Sensory Integration® (ASI) approach is a common intervention that has not been extensively studied in children with idiopathic sensory processing and integration challenges (e.g., without a diagnosis of autism). To test the effectiveness of ASI using measures related to motor coordination and functional performance in children with a sensory-based motor disorder (SBMD). Nonconcurrent, multiple baseline, single subject. Outpatient clinic that was part of a children's hospital in an urban setting. Three boys (ages 5-8 yr) with an SBMD. Each participant received ASI 3 times per week for 10 wk. Outcomes and Measures: Three motor probes were measured weekly. Pre- and posttest assessments included goal attainment scaling (GAS) and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition (BOT-2). All 3 participants showed improvements in motor probes during the intervention period on the basis of a 2 SD band method of analysis. Statistically significant improvements were noted across GAS goals, and positive changes were found on the BOT-2, with large effect sizes. Findings suggest improved motor performance and high goal achievement using ASI for children with idiopathic sensory processing and integration challenges. What This Article Adds: This study adds to a body of literature suggesting that ASI is effective in increasing functional performance in children with sensory processing and integration challenges. Future studies using multiple baseline designs are feasible in the clinic setting and can help build the evidence base for ASI.

Effectiveness of sensory stimulation among children with impaired psychomotor development: a pilot study

IntroductionThe sense of balance, proprioception, and exteroception are key for healthy psychomotor development and proper functioning of human beings. Any disorders in this area may cause dysfunctions, problems with tactile stimuli perception and muscle tone regulation, as well as lack of motion and body awareness. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sensory integration therapy as a method of supporting psychomotor development in children residing in a long-term care and nursing home.MethodsThe study involved 16 children, randomly divided into 2 equal groups, permanently living in a long-term care and nursing home in Poland. None of the children was diagnosed with autism. The psychomotor development was evaluated with the Sensorimotor History Questionnaire (based on the questionnaire by Balzer-Martin) and the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test by Ayres. The research was performed between October 1, 2016 and June 30, 2017. Each participant underwent the test twice – prior to the therapy and after 8 months of therapy.ResultsThere were significant changes in the psychomotor development in the treatment group in areas not correlated with the children’s age.ConclusionsThe therapy using the sensory integration approach can potentially support the development of children who are permanent residents of a long-term care and nursing home. The classic formula of the sensory integration therapy (i.e. 1 session per week) may be insufficient in the case of permanently institutionalized children. The study should be expanded and carried out in larger groups of children.

Effect of Sensory Integration Approach on Children with Dyspraxia

Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of sensory integration approach on children withDyspraxia.Methods: Totally 30 subjects (15 in experimental group and 15 in control group) of the age group 6-9 years,participated in the current study. The experimental group underwent sensory integration intervention fortwenty eight sessions, whereas control group with no intervention. Statistical “t” test give us the processedresults.Results: Statistical calculated scores shows improvement in praxis through sensory integration amonglearning disabled children.Conclusion: There is significant effect in using sensory integration in improving praxis among learningdisabled children.

An Analysis of Sensory Integration Approach on Counting Skills Among Children With Special-Needs

This study aims at: (1) knowing whether there is an influence from the sensory integration approach using brain gym treatment and meronce (bead stringing) activities towards counting skills among children with special needs; (2) describing the effect of the sensory integration approach through brain gym treatment and meronce activities on counting skills among children with special needs. This study used the mixed methods with sequential explanatory design. The data analysis techniques were quantitative data analysis with SSR (single subject research) with A-B-A design and qualitative data analysis with data reduction, data display, as well as conclusions drawing and verification. The data were collected from the results of observations, interviews, tests, field notes, and documentations. The objects in this study were the students from the Philea Therapy Center, Batam. Based on the research findings, some conclusions can be drawn as follow: (1) there is a positive effect of the sensory integration approach through brain gym treatment and meronce activities on the counting skills among children with special needs in which the mean level in pre-test (A) was 50, treatment (B) was 83,33, and post-test (A) was 86.66, respectively; (2) sensory integration approach with brain gym treatment and meronce activities has a positive influence on the counting skills among children with special needs.

Effective Treatment for Pediatric Feeding Difficulties: Multimodal Approach Compared to Sensory Integration Intervention

Abstract Date Presented 04/04/19 This study compared the effectiveness of multimodal and sensory integration approaches in expanding children's limited diets, increasing positive mealtime behaviors, and decreasing negative mealtime behaviors. Primary Author and Speaker: Carolyn Murphy Additional Authors and Speakers: Nicole Byrd, Sydney Bordelon Contributing Authors: Seth Hilburn, Jacqueline Henderson, Stephanie Razon

A systematic review of ayres sensory integration intervention for children with autism.

Sensory integration is one of the most highly utilized interventions in autism, however, a lack of consensus exists regarding its evidence base. An increasing number of studies are investigating the effectiveness of this approach. This study used the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) Standards for Evidence‐based Practices in Special Education to evaluate the effectiveness research from 2006 to 2017 on Ayres Sensory Integration (ASI) intervention for children with autism. A systematic review was conducted in three stages. Stage 1 involved an extensive database search for relevant studies using search terms related to sensory integration and autism, interventions suggesting a sensory integration approach, and high‐quality study designs. Searches yielded 19 studies that were evaluated in Stage 2. Six of these met inclusion criteria of being peer‐reviewed, written in English, description of intervention this is consistent with ASI intervention, and comparison group design or single subject method employed. Prior to analysis using CEC standards, three articles were excluded because intervention details were not consistent with the core principles of ASI, or because of major methodological flaws. In Stage 3, the remaining three studies were rated using the CEC quality indicators and standards for an evidence‐based practice. Two randomized controlled trials respectively met 100% and 85% of the CEC criteria items. One additional study met more than 50% of the criteria. Based on CEC criteria, ASI can be considered an evidence‐based practice for children with autism ages 4–12 years old. Autism Research 2019, 12: 6–19. © 2018 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryAyres Sensory Integration intervention is one of the most frequently requested and highly utilized interventions in autism. This intervention has specific requirements for therapist qualifications and the process of therapy. This systematic review of studies providing Ayres Sensory Integration therapy to children with autism indicates that it is an evidence‐based practice according to the criteria of the Council for Exceptional Children.

The Effect of Interventions based on Sensory Processing and Sensory Integration on Stereotypic Behavior in Children with Autism Disorder: A Narrative Review

Introduction: Autism disorder is one of the most commonly occurring developmental disorders among children, which appears in early childhood in the form of degradation in the quality of social interaction, and repetitive and stereotypic patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. The stereotypical and repetitive patterns of behavior, make disturbance in attention and concentration, and cognitive development, and also damage to social performance and communication skills in these children, which interfere in daily activities from play to child's educational activities; this suggests that stereotypical behaviors should be minimized in any way. Whereas some scholars consider this stereotypic patterns in this children as a sensory failure to sensory stimulant. The purpose of this article was to review the effect of interventions based on sensory processing and sensory integration on the stereotypical patterns of children with autism. Materials and Methods: This was a narrative review. To find the studies related to purpose of research, using the keywords autism, sensory integration, sensory processing, and stereotypic behavior electronic, databases including Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Ot seeker, and Scientific Information Database (SID) were searched. Finally, 12 articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Results: Review of the literature demonstrated that sensory integration approach had positive effect on interaction, and reduced autistic mannerism in children with autism disorder. Conclusion: It seems that intervention based on sensory integration in combination with behavioural intervention can be effective in reduction of stereotypic behaviours in children with autism disorder.

Efficacy of Sensory Interventions on School Participation of Children With Sensory Disorders: A Systematic Review.

Research demonstrates lower school participation in children with sensory disorders. However, the scientific body of evidence supporting existing sensory intervention modalities is difficult to tackle. More specifically, the literature appears poorly organized, with a highly variable terminology, often with nonoverlapping definitions and lack of good keywords classification that would help organize the diversity of approaches. This systematic review organizes the body of evidence for 3 specific approaches (sensory based, sensorimotor, and sensory integration) and questions their efficacy in improving school participation for children with sensory disorders. Two methods were compared: first, a standard systematic review of the literature in 3 databases using appropriate keywords and descriptors, then an original method based on forward and backward citation connections. A total of 28 studies were retrieved, of which only 7 used the standard method for systematic reviews. For sensory-based approaches, the efficacy of weighted-vest varies according to different factors such as the protocol of use. For sensorimotor approaches, the efficacy of therapy balls, air cushions, platform swing, and physical exercise varies according to the child's sensory characteristics. The efficacy of the sensory integration approach remains mixed across studies.

The facilitators and barriers encountered by South African parents regarding sensory integration occupational therapy

Differences in parent perceptions regarding occupational therapy using a sensory integration approach to treatment have been noted. The various factors that may influence these perceptions, and how the perceptions may ultimately influence the outcome of the intervention for the child and family were questioned. A phenomenological study revealed a progression that all parents perceived and experienced as the "before", "input" and "after" phases of when their child received occupational therapy/sensory integration (OT/SI). This article focuses specifically on the "input" phase of OT/SI intervention. METHOD: Participants in this study were nine parents of children with difficulties processing and integrating sensory information, who live in the Western Cape, South Africa. Using a qualitative, phenomenological approach, data were collected during face-to-face interviews, participant observation and researcher's field notes FINDINGS: The main theme related to this phase of analysis was "Just suddenly everything made so much sense". For most participants, this phase brought to light a better understanding of sensory integration disorder (SID), also known as Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) and OT/SI. Data analysis identified two subthemes that catalysed expansion in most participants' understanding, which were the role of the occupational therapist, and the OT/SI intervention process. Within these subthemes, the facilitating factors and barriers of OT/ SI intervention emerged CONCLUSION: Insight gained from the participants' recommendations and interpretation of findings allowed recommendations to be made within the OT/SI intervention received, in an attempt to overcome the barriers and promote the facilitators that will make a difference to OT/SI in South Africa Key words: Sensory integration; sensory integration disorder (SID); sensory processing disorder (SPD); parent(s) perceptions; facilitators; barriers

Perbandingan Antara Neuro Developmental Treatment (NDT) Dengan Kombinasi NDT Dan Sensory Integration Untuk Meningkatkan Keseimbangan Berdiri Pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus

Abstract: Comparison of NDT, Combined NDT & SI, Standing-Balance. There upon, the purposes of the study are: (1) to determine the effects of NDT in the standing- balance trainings, (2) to determine the effects of combined NDT and Sensory Integration application in standing-balance training, (3) to compare the effects of treatment a combined NDT and sensory integration application versus sole NDT application in standing-balance training for children with special needs. The study is a pre and post-test experimental study design that compares two treatment groups. The first group received solely the NDT applications only while the other one received a combined NDT and sensory integration approach as the treatments. Sixteen Balance Test was used as a measurement instruments, which were conducted prior to and following the treatments in each group. Data were analyzed with the use of the parametric pair wise comparison test (paired sample t-test) and a parametric test(independent sample t-test) was used to investigate the compatibility of the data in the two groups before treatments. The last and above test was conducted adjacent to the fact that normal data distribution was founded. The study results are: (1) a sole NDT application improves the standing-balance ability amongst the children (p = 0.000). (2)The combination of NDT methods and Sensory Integration improves the standing- balance ability amongst children with special needs (p = 0.000). (3) The combination of NDT methods and Sensory Integration is proven to be better in developing standing- balance ability than just sole applications of NDT methods; in terms of improvingstanding-balance ability (p = .0.002) within children with special needs

The Impact of the Sensory Integration Approach on Positive and Negative Symptoms in a Patient With Non-Paranoid Schizophrenia: A Case Report

Introduction: One of the problems that people with schizophrenia face is the inability to understand and interpret the sensory input from the environment. This report aims to describe the effects of the sensory integration approach on non-paranoid schizophrenia. The treatment involved eight sessions held 3 days a week and lasting 45 minutes each. The patient had a defined Iranians form social relationships schizophrenia evaluated and treatment. Sensory integration therapy in these patients focused on the following elements: vestibular and proprioceptive senses, exercises to improve walking, improving upper extremity coordination and movement, writing activities, cognitive skills, activities of daily living, and family therapy. Case Presentation: The subject (A.H.) was a 32-year-old male graduate student with no history of previous hospitalization. His diagnosis was schizophrenia. The reason for his hospitalization was that he was angry and violent toward his family. In addition, the patient had limited verbal and nonverbal skills, issues with self-control, and restricted community involvement. The results of the patient’s treatment for schizophrenia was assessed via a questionnaire on social skills. Conclusions: After eight sessions, increased awareness of the environment, improved posture and gait pattern, improved motivation and enjoyment, improved patient tolerance, improved appearance and personal hygiene, loss of purposeful behavior, a realistic plan of action every day, improved attention span, improved decision-making skills, and improved community involvement and coping skills were achieved. The environment is rich in sensory stimuli. The integration and processing of each individual senses creates different behavioral responses. The results showed that a sensory integration approach combined with drug therapy is an effective treatment for patients with schizophrenia.

Effectiveness of a Therapeutic Preschool Curriculum based on Applied Behavior Analysis, Sensory Integration and Learning Approaches in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Effectiveness of a Therapeutic Preschool Curriculum based on Applied Behavior Analysis, Sensory Integration and Learning Approaches in Autism Spectrum Disorder

감각통합접근 부모교육이 발달지체 아동의 감각처리능력에 대한 부모의 이해도에 미치는 효과

목적 : 감각통합접근 부모교육 프로그램이 발달지체 아동의 감각처리능력에 대한 부모의 이해도에 미치는 효과를 알아보았다. 연구 방법 : 연구 대상자는 발달지체 아동의 부모 30명으로, 연구 기간은 2015년 3월 15일부터 동년 5월 10일까지이었 다. 실험군과 대조군은 임의로 배정하였고, 실험군 15명에게는 감각통합접근 부모교육을 1:1로 집중적으로 시행하 였다. 대조군 15명에게는 중재를 실시하지 않았다. 아동의 감각처리능력에 대한 부모의 이해도 변화는 단축감각프 로파일(Short Sensory Profile: SSP)과 부모의 이해도 설문지로 측정하였다. 집단 간 치료 효과는 독립표본 t-검정 을 사용하여 분석하였고, 집단 내 치료 전후의 효과는 대응표본 t-검정을 사용하였다. 결과 : 단축감각프로파일의 총점은 통계적으로 유의미하게 낮아졌으며 부모의 이해도 설문지의 총점은 높아졌다. 이를 통해 감각통합접근 부모교육 프로그램이 발달지체 아동의 감각처리능력에 대한 부모의 이해도를 변화시킬 수 있는 효과 있는 중재방법임을 알 수 있었다. 결론 : 본 연구는 장애아동을 대상으로 감각통합치료를 제공하는 치료사들에게 아동의 감각처리능력에 대한 부모의 이해도를 높일 수 있는 부모교육 프로그램으로서 좋은 모델을 제시할 수 있을 것이다.

Parents' explanatory models and hopes for outcomes of occupational therapy using a sensory integration approach.

PURPOSE. To describe parents' concerns and hopes for their children who would be receiving occupational therapy using a sensory integration approach. METHOD. Content analysis of 275 parental responses to three open-ended questions on developmental-sensory history intake forms. FINDINGS. Parents' descriptions of why they sought for their children were categorized into four overarching concerns about their children's challenges: self-regulation, interacting with peers, participating in skilled motor activities, and self-confidence. Parents often linked these concerns together, revealing explanatory models of how they make sense of potential relationships among their children's challenges and how these challenges affect occupational performance. Parents hoped occupational therapy would help their children develop self-understanding and frustration tolerance to self-regulate their behavior in socially acceptable ways. IMPLICATIONS. Assessment and intervention should explicitly focus on links among self-regulation, social participation, skills, and perceived competence to address parents' expectations.

Occupational Therapy Using Sensory Integration to Improve Participation of a Child With Autism: A Case Report

In this case report, we describe the changes in adaptive behaviors and participation of 1 child with autism during a 10-wk program of intensive occupational therapy using a sensory integrative approach (OT-SI) following a manualized protocol. This case is part of a larger study examining the efficacy of the OT-SI approach. We found improvement in sensory processing, as measured by the Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests, as well as enhanced participation in home, school, and family activities, as indicated on parent-rated goal attainment scales.