Sensitivity Of FNAC Research Articles

Diagnostic accuracy of FNAC and cyto-histopathological correlation in testicular and paratesticular mass lesions.

FNAC has a definitive role and has proved extremely useful in diagnosis of testicular and paratesticular mass lesions. In view of the dearth of literature of studies involving large cohorts of patients, the present study describes at length the detailed cytological evaluation of testicular and paratesticular mass lesions. Our study consisted of 85 cases in 5-year retrospective and 1-year prospective analyses carried out in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Jammu. The study depicts cytomorphological findings of testicular and paratesticular mass lesions. We evaluate the concordance rate of cytological diagnosis with the histological diagnosis as a percentage and assess the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC by calculating sensitivity and specificity. Out of 85 cases, inflammatory lesions comprised the largest group comprising 47 cases (55.29%) followed by 20 cases (23.5%) of cystic lesions. In addition, there were 10 cases (11.76%) of malignant tumours and three cases (3.5%) of benign tumours. Overall, acute orchitis was the most common inflammatory lesions (12.94%) followed by tubercular epididymitis (9.4%). The most common cystic lesion was benign epididymal cyst (10.5%) and the most common malignant tumours were seminoma and embryonal carcinoma. Cytohistological correlation was available for 16 (18.82%) cases only and cytological diagnosis was concordant with the histological diagnosis in all these cases. Sensitivity and specificity of FNAC was 100% in our study. FNAC is a useful diagnostic modality for testicular and paratesticular mass lesions due to its high sensitivity and specificity in discriminating between different types of lesions and high concordance rates with histopathological diagnosis.

Neck dissection in node negative oral malignancies: is it justified

Background: Oral cancer is one of the ten most common cancers in world, prevalence being highest in India. The objective of the study was to decide whether it is justifiable to do neck dissection in every case of oral malignancy in true negative necks diagnosed by investigative modalities and to decide whether we can avoid unnecessary block dissection in patient of oral malignancy with negative necks diagnosed by investigation.Methods: It was proposed randomized controlled study conducted over period of 2 years including all patients diagnosed of having oral squamous cell carcinoma. Lymph nodes were assessed by clinical examination and ultrasonography (USG). FNAC was done with the help of USG guidance. After thorough evaluation, the patient was subjected for treatment either surgery or radiotherapy and sometimes chemotherapy. After neck dissection, whole block was sent for histopathological examination. Data collected was analysed on various statistical parameters.Results: For clinical examination consistency and fixity is having high reliability than size and shape. On USG central necrosis, ECS, shape and RI were having specificity and accuracy. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of USG FNAC is more.Conclusions: USG and USG FNAC are helpful methods in directing further work up in more efficient and cost-effective manner and these help in reaching diagnosis more accurately than the clinical examination alone and thus it is considered second step in evaluation of neck only after clinical examination.

A study of clinical profile and management of dominant thyroid nodule in a tertiary care hospital of West Bengal

Background: A dominant thyroid nodule (swelling) is a discrete swelling in a gland with clinical evidence of generalized abnormality in the form of palpable contra-lateral lobe or generalized mild nodularity. About 30% of thyroid nodules are dominant. The important aspect in evaluation of dominant thyroid nodule is to exclude malignancy.Aims and Objectives: 1) to determine incidence of dominant thyroid nodule in relation with age and sex. 2) to determine the functional status of thyroid in dominant nodule. 3) to determine role of FNAC to diagnose a case of dominant thyroid nodule 4) incidence of malignancy among dominant thyroid nodule cases.Materials and Methods: All patients attending surgery OPD at BSMCH between the study periods of August 2013 to July 2016 with clinically and radiologically proven dominant thyroid nodule were included in this study. Patients with solitary or recurrent nodules were excluded.Results: Total of 147 patients were included in his study, with 86% of them being female, mean age of presentation was 38.35 yrs, and commonest age group being 5th decade. Only one patient had secondary hyperthyroidism. FNAC reports reveled 79 % benign etiology, 16 % malignant etiology, 4% intermediate etiology, 1% suspicious to be malignant. Sensitivity of FNAC was 73.3%, and specificity 97.2% to diagnose malignant etiology. The frequency of malignancy was 21.1%.Conclusion: Thyroid nodule is commonest presentation in various thyroid diseases mainly seen in females and in 5th decade and presents as thyroid cyst, colloid nodule, thyroid neoplasm, and thyroiditis. USG and FNAC has established role in evaluation of the nature of thyroid nodule and its management. Pressure symptoms requires surgery. Toxic nodules are mainly treated with antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine and occasionally surgery, but malignant thyroid nodule mainly treated with total thyroidectomy.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(4) 2017 11-15

Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of FNAC and correlation with histopathology in thyroid lesions

Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the accuracy of FNAC diagnosis in non neoplastic & neoplastic lesions of thyroid, and correlating with histopathological findings. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study done in department of Pathology, Tagore medical college for a period of 3 years. 115 cases of thyroid subjected to FNAC where histopathology diagnosis was available were included in the study. The correlation of FNAC diagnosis with histopathology was made and the results were analysed. Results: The range of the age of the patient in this study was 25 to 60 years. The male to female ratio was 18.5:81.5. The maximum cases were colloid goitre (59.2%) in which 12.5% were with features of papillary hyperplasia. Occurrences of dual pathology were seen in our study with one case of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis with focus of papillary carcinoma and the other was medullary carcinoma with papillary carcinoma. 2 cases of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma were also seen. Conclusion: In our study sensitivity of FNAC in detecting thyroid lesions was 93.75%, and the specificity was 97.01%. FNAC of thyroid had a diagnostic accuracy of 95.65% which clearly indicates that FNAC can be used as non invasive, cost effective and a safe diagnostic method for defining thyroid disorders.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of breast lumps with histopathologic correlation in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria: a five-year review.

To determine the histopathologic correlation of fine needle aspiration cytology FNAC of breast masses seen in the department of histopathology of the Federal Medical Center Owo, Southwestern Nigeria. This is a 5-year retrospective study of breast lumps seen at Department of Histopathology, Federal Medical Centre Owo, a tertiary health care facility in Southwestern Nigeria between January 1 2010 and December 31 2014. All patients who had Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Breast lumps with subsequent histological confirmation over this period were included in the study. In the five years under review (2010-2014), a total of 289 FNAC of breast lumps were done. The aspirates were obtained from 275 (95.2%) females and 14 (4.8%) males. There were 161 cases of FNAC with corresponding tissue for histological correlation giving a biopsy rate of 55.7%. The sensitivity of FNAC in determining the final histologic diagnosis was found to be 99.4% while the specificity was 100%. FNAC was able to determine final histologic diagnosis conclusively in 86.3% of cases. We therefore concluded that FNAC is a reliable diagnostic tool of breast lumps in our centre. Being a fast and cheap diagnostic tool as highlighted by previous studies, we advocate that clinicians should continue to embrace this diagnostic technique in the surgical management of breast lumps. This study was entirely funded by the authors.

Evaluation of guided fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of hepatic lesions

Objectives: To categorize the lesions of liver observed on FNAC into malignant or benign, to correlate the radiological observations with cytology findings and to perform histopathological correlation wherever possible. Material and methods: A total of 150 cases underwent ultrasonography-guided FNAC, in whom lesion/pathology in the liver was suspected and hepatic mass was confirmed on radiological examination with normal prothrombin time. This study was performed on admitted and OPD patients of SRMS IMS, Bareilly from November 2014 to May 2016. Results: Of the total 150 cases, 4 liver aspirates were inadequate for cytological evaluation and were excluded. Most cases (48 cases; 32.87%) were found in the 6 th decade. Radiological findings revealed that out of 146 cases, 6(4.10%) were benign and 140(95.9%) were malignant, while cytological examination revealed 13(8.90%) as benign and 133 (90.09%) as malignant. Among malignant cases, 93.2% were metastatic, the commonest being metastatic adenocarcinoma. Correlation between radiodiagnosis and FNAC was evaluated, which revealed a significant change. Sensitivity and specificity of FNAC were 90.00% and 100% respectively. Accuracy of FNAC was observed to be 90.5% when compared with histopathology; however, the latter was available in very small number of cases. Conclusion: Categorisation of liver lesions into malignant or benign can be done on FNAC with high accuracy. Guided FNAC is very useful in diagnosis of different hepatic lesions as the procedure is simple and safe. The results are obtained quickly without serious complications related to the procedure.

ACCURACY AND DIAGNOSTIC UTILITY OF FROZEN SECTION IN THYROID LESIONS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Introduction: Many surgeons perform intra operative frozen section to overcome the limitations of FNAC, to differentiate benign lesions from malignant lesions and to determine the extent of surgery. However, the use and cost effectiveness of FS is controversial in follicular lesions. Nevertheless FS is most useful in cases where FNA results are indeterminate or suspicious and it is a cost effective way to avoid second surgical procedure if a total thyroidectomy is indicated. Aim: To study the diagnostic utility of frozen section and fine needle aspiration cytology thyroid lesions utilizing final histopathology diagnosis as gold standard. Methods: The present study was conducted on 237 cases of thyroid tissue submitted for frozen section for a study period of 5 years. Among those, 95 cases had preoperative FNAC done. Results: The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was 42.86%, 96.72% and 82.93%, whereas that of FS was comparatively superior (82%, 100% and 95.65% respectively). Conclusion: Thus, the overall sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of FS was superior to that of FNAC in the present series. The main limitations of FS and FNAC in our study were- Capsular/ vascular invasion in follicular neoplasm was not detected in many cases and papillary microcarcinomas were missed. Key words: FNAC; Frozen section; Thyroid lesions.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of head and neck lesions and its correlation with histopathology

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a minimally invasive technique used in the initial diagnosis of different types of lesions located in head and neck region commonly originating from cervical lymph node, thyroid gland, salivary glands and soft tissues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and speci city of FNAC in various head and neck lesions in correlation with their histopathological examination. Materials and methods: A hospital based prospective study was conducted among 209 patients with palpable head and neck region swellings in the Department of Pathology, Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital and the Department of Pathology, Nepal Medical College from August 2014 to July 2015. FNAC were done from palpable masses of head and neck regions. Data entry and analysis were done using SPSS 17. Result: There were 209 FNAC cases enrolled, out of which lymph node lesions (n=128) were the most common lesions followed by thyroid (n=40), other soft tissues (n=27) and salivary gland (n=14). Reactive lymph nodes, colloid goiter, epidermoid cyst and sialadenosis were the predominant diagnosis of lymph nodes, thyroid gland, soft tissues and salivary gland respectively. Highest accuracy, sensitivity and speci city were observed in thyroid gland, salivary gland and soft tissues. However, four false negative results for malignancy were reported in lymph node lesions. Conclusion: Head and neck region swellings are the commonly encountered conditions. FNAC being highly accurate, sensitive and speci c makes it useful and reliable procedure for screening and diagnosis of palpable masses in head and neck region.

Role of FNAC in Lung Carcinoma and its Histo-Cytological Correlation

Aims and objective i. To study morphological features of various types of Lung carcinoma. ii. Cyto-histological correlation of these tumors. iii. To evaluate sensitivity, specificity & accuracy of FNAC procedures. Methods and material: We used Chest CT scan and Radiograph of patients for radiological data. We used H & E stain, Modiefied PAP stain and Modified Giemsa stain for slide preparation. After cytological evaluation, We further devided positive cases into metastatic, Small cell carcinoma, Non small cell carcinoma and others category. Final diagnosis is based on HPE study, as we considered HPE study as GOLD standard. Immuno histochemistry was done in few cases where necessory. Results: Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of FNAC for Lung carcinoma was 91.5% and 72.5% respectively. Diagnostic Positive predictive value and Negative predictive value of FNAC for Lung carcinoma was 94.7% and 61.5% respectively. Here we considered HPE study as GOLD standard. Accuracy of FNAC was 88.5% based on final HPE report. Conclusion: FNAC is a simple, safe and reliable method with high diagnostic sensitivity for the diagnosis of lung cancer.

FNAC and Cell Block Study in Thyroid Lesions

The aim of the study is to highlight the importance of cell-block study in combination with FNAC in the diagnosis of different thyroid lesions. This study was a retrospective study of 30 patients with thyroid swellings who came to cytopathology unit in Sree Balaji Medical College. FNAC and cell-blocks performed for each case was reviewed. Cytological results of FNAC were compared to the cell-block histopathological picture. FNAC findings were diagnosed as follows: 16 (61%) as colloid goiter, 4 (5.8%) as Hashimoto thyroiditis, 2 (5.8%) follicular neoplasm without atypia, 2 (2.3%) as follicular neoplasm with atypia, 2 (2.3%) as suspicious of malignancy, 3 (11.7%) papillary thyroid carcinoma, and 1 (1.1%) thyroid carcinoma of undefined category. Insufficient cases were 5 in number. The sensitivity of FNAC in comparison with histopathological results of cell-blocks was 91.6% and specificity was 97.2%. It is advised to perform cell-block for each case of FNAC of thyroid lesions to decrease the pitfalls and to improve the diagnosis and management of thyroid lesions.

Breast Diseases Managed at a Tertiary Care Center with a Rural Set Up in Rural Area of India: Critical Analysis

Background: Breast diseases are very common throughout the world with wide variety of patterns of presentation across the globe. The study was done in a tertiary care center with rural set up in a rural area of India to know the specific incidence of different breast disorders with respect to age and sex of the patient, best method for early diagnosis, fallacies in clinical diagnosis and to find out the sensitivity of FNAC in correlation with histopathological or surgical confirmation. Method: This is a prospective study conducted on patients attending outpatient department in a tertiary care center with breast symptoms. It was conducted for a period of two years. Detailed history was noted. They were assessed clinically and their diagnosis was confirmed by cytological (FNAC) or histopathological (biopsy) examination. Results: 237 cases of breast disease were diagnosed which include 222 females and 15 males. The ratio between benign 210 (88.61%) and malignant 27 (11.39 %) lesions was 7.8:1. Among all the benign breast diseases, ANDI (29.11 %) was the commonest, followed by Fibroadenoma (25.31 %) & Breast abscess (14.35 %) in decreasing order of frequency respectively whereas carcinoma of breast was common in age group above fourty years of life. Conclusion: We conclude from our study that the females have preponderance over males in breast disorders. Benign breast disorders are more common but overshadowed by carcinoma of breast. Malignant breast disorders present with advanced stage of disease due to illiteracy and lack of awareness. FNAC still is a gold standard for early diagnosis of breast disease.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Thyroid: Role as a first line investigation in children and young adults-A 5-year experience at a Medical College Teaching Hospital

Introduction: Thyroid nodules are an unpredictable group of lesions, incidence of which increases with age. Due to an increased incidence of malignancy in children as compared to adults, an aggressive approach to diagnose and manage these lesions is warranted. Aims & Objectives: The objective of present study was to evaluate the frequency of the various thyroid lesions by FNAC in children and young adults and correlate these findings with the histopathological features and thyroid hormone status. Results: The 5-year study included 280 cases, of which most were in the age group of 16-24 years (81.7%) with a female preponderance (93.9%). The benign lesions were more common with nodular colloid goitre being the most common lesion. Among the neoplastic lesions, follicular neoplasms were most common. Hormonal status was available for 250 cases, with most being euthyroid. Cyto-histopathological correlation was available in 15 cases, with 11 displaying positive correlation. The sensitivity of FNAC was 62.5%, specificity was 85.7%, diagnostic accuracy was 73.3% and positive predictive value was 83.3%. Conclusion: Currently, many investigations including diagnostic imaging studies, serological tests as well as histopathological techniques are available to evaluate thyroid lesions. However, FNAC is a reliable diagnostic procedure in children and young adults for evaluating and managing thyroid lesions. Keywords: Nodular colloid goitre, Follicular neoplasms, Paediatric, Cyto-histopathological correlation

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Breast Lumps-A correlation with histopathology diagnosis

FNAC of breast lump is an important mode of diagnosis and forms a part of triple assessment. A retrospective study was undertaken at a tertiary hospital to know the feasibility and utility of fine needle aspiration of breast aspirates by comparing the diagnosis of malignancy with its histology. Of the 321 cases selected for the study, 93 cases were detected positive for malignancy. On reviewing, one case of false positivity and 5 cases of false negativity were detected. The sensitivity and specificity of FNAC for detecting malignancy was 98.27% and 99.49% respectively. Thus, we conclude that FNAC is a very important preliminary diagnostic test in palpable breast lumps and the results show a high degree of correlation with the final histopathology report.

Sensitivity of US and FNAC for staging of the axilla in patients presenting with symptomatic breast cancer

We investigated our sensitivity for axillary node staging, in patients presenting with symptomatic breast cancer from January to December 2012.

English

BACKGROUND: FNAC is a simple, cost effective, readily repeated and quick to perform procedure, with excellent patient compliance. It is, however, not without limitations related to specimen adequacy, sampling techniques, and overlapping cytological features between benign and malignant follicular neoplasm. Here arises the need for Histopathological examination (HPE), as it is considered the final diagnostic test. OBJECTIVE: This study aims at correlating the cytological diagnosis with the final histopathological diagnosis to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of smears and thereby its role in the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid swellings. METHODS: Data for the study was collected from patients undergoing thyroidectomy in Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery at Raja Rajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore. The study period was from 1st October 2013 -30th September 2014. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the swelling was done on OPD basis for all patients presenting with goitre. Thyroidectomy specimens preserved in 10% formalin was sent for histopathology examination. RESULTS: A total of 157 patients was evaluated, out of which 118 patients underwent FNAC. 15 were unsatisfactory aspirates. A total of 57 cases were operated specimens were available for histopathologic examination. The mean age of patients were 36.9 years. The ratio between female to males was 7.1:1. The sensitivity of FNAC was 87.5%, the Specificity was 100%, accuracy was 98.2%, and the positive predictive value of a positive test for malignancy was 100%. CONCLUSION: FNAC of thyroid lesions has been shown to be safe, simple, cost effective and accurate method for management of palpable thyroid lesions. It not only facilitates the communication among cytopathologists, surgeons, radiologists, and endocrinologists but also facilitate research into the epidemiology, molecular biology, pathology and diagnosis of thyroid diseases.

Evaluation of fine needle aspiration cytology of cervical lymphadenopathy in Bir Hospital

Background & Objectives: To correlate FNAC of cervical lymphadenopathy with the histopathology.Materials and Methods: Prospective study on 67 patients with cervical lymphadenopathy at the ENT Department, Bir Hospital, from January 2013 to July 2014. Patients were subjected to both FNAC and histopathology.Results: Thirty cases (44.8%) were females and 37 cases (55.2%) were males. Tuberculosis was most common disease in 30(44.80%) patients. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC to diagnose tubercular lymphadenopathies were 83.0%, 100.0%, and 92.54% respectively. Overall correlation of FNAC to histopathology was 86.57%.Conclusion: FNAC is very simple and accurate technique for diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy.JCMS Nepal. 2015;11(1): 22-25

Cell Block and IHC: A New Weapon in Diagnostic Armamentarium in Differentiating Liver Sol

Background: The diagnosis of hepatic lesion often requires characteristic cytologic features in dearth of which the diagnosis may not be clear. Cell block and immunohistochemistry (IHC) have emerged as a new weapon in diagnostic armamentarium. Objective: This study was planned to investigate the cytomorphological features of distinctive non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the liver and to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound-guided FNAC and cell block in the diagnosis of liver sol. Method: This study was conducted during the period of February 2010 to March 2013. One hundred and fifty-one cytological materials were collected from patients with focal liver lesions who were referred after initial clinical and radiological assessment for ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (USG-FNAC). Results: Age of patients ranged from 10 to 61 years and 75 (71%) of these patients were males. out of 151 investigated samples 106 (70%) and 45 (30%) were malignant by cytology and cell block respectively. 91 patients were investigated by both cytology and cell blocks and were included in the final analyses of the FNAC in comparison to cell block. IHC markers were used in 41 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the cytology were 95% (90.0–99%), 60.3% (43.2–76.0%), 73.8% (59–78.3%) and 0 (0–13.3%), respectively. the malignant focal lesions were hepatocellular carcinoma (35.7%), metastatic adenocarcinoma (32%), spindle cell sarcoma (3.3%) and hepatoblastoma (1.2%). IHC was able to give an add-on diagnosis in 31 (20.3%) adding to overall sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: Cell block and IHC are useful adjunct in making differential diagnosis of liver space occupying lesions. These can increase both the sensitivity and specificity of FNAC in liver sol.

Diagnostic value of thyroglobulin measurement with fine-needle aspiration biopsy for lymph node metastases in patients with a history of differentiated thyroid cancer.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of FNA-Tg for detecting lymph node metastases in patients with a history of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). A total of 58 patients with DTC diagnosis and evidence of single or multiple suspicious cervical lymph nodes were assessed. All underwent total or near-total thyroidectomy with (35 cases) or without (23 cases) radioiodine (RAI) ablation, followed by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression therapy. A total of 68 lymph nodes were examined by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (US-FNA) for both cytological examination and FNA-Tg measurement. Serum Tg and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) levels were also measured. Diagnostic performance including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of FNAC and FNA-Tg were calculated and compared. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to estimate the relationship between FNA-Tg and serum TgAb. The FNA-Tg levels were significantly higher with DTC metastatic lymph nodes (median 927.7 ng/mL, interquartile range 602.9 ng/mL) than non-metastatic lymph nodes (median 0.1 ng/mL, interquartile range 0.4 ng/mL) (p<0.01). Considering 1.0 ng/mL as a threshold value for FNA-Tg, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV of FNA-Tg were 95.7%, 95.5%, 95.6%, 97.8% and 91.3%, respectively. The sensitivity and accuracy of the combination of FNAC and FNA-Tg were significantly higher than that of FNAC alone (p<0.05). The diagnostic performance of FNA-Tg was not significantly different between cases with or without RAI ablation, and the serum TgAb levels did not interfere with FNA-Tg measurements. Measurement of FNA-Tg is useful. The combination of FNAC and FNA-Tg is more sensitive and accurate for detecting lymph node metastases in patients with a history of DTC than FNAC alone. Serum TgAbs appear to be irrelevant for measurement of FNA-Tg.

Role of FNAC in Non-Metastatic Non Hormonal Neck swellings

Background: Neck swelling is one of the common symptoms of a patient coming in ENT department. They require proper evaluation and they could present diagnostic challenge. FNAC is widely acceptable and recognized technique in the diagnosis of head and neck swelling. Aims: The aims of this study are to establish the role of FNAC in benign, non-metastatic, non-hormonal swelling and to determine its accuracy and comparison with HPE (histopathology examination). Material: It is a prospective study of 50 cases that came to ENT department at P.D.U medical college Rajkot. All the patients of neck swelling undergone FNAC after proper clinical evaluation. Results: In this study there were 28 female and 22 male patients with age range of 8-60 years. In our study sensitivity of FNAC was 75% while specificity was 96%. In this study benign lesion of neck was found in 48% which includes pleomorphic adenoma and cystic lesion. Infective etiological factor remain second cause and constitutes for 38% which includes tuberculosis Lymphadenitis, reactive lymphadenitis and siladenitis. Malignant neoplasms constitute 14% which is of primarily origin in the neck includes lymphoma, salivary gland tumors and idiopathic etiology. Conclusion: It is concluded that in this study benign etiological lesions remain first followed by infective and malignant. We conclude that FNAC is safe, easily available and accurate technique, well suited to all neck masses of different causes. It could differentiate benign and malignant lesions very effectively and at very early stage helping us for the management of the patients.

Clinicopathological Correlation of Primary Malignant Bone Tumors—An Observational Study

Background: Primary malignant tumors arising from bone are uncommon but important malignant neoplasms which account for 0.2% of all primary cancers in adults and approximately 5% of all childhood malignancies. Aim: No comprehensive surveillance data about primary malignant bone tumors is available from this region of West Bengal in the literature. An attempt is undertaken to correlate clinicopathological findings, both histological & cytological features of primary bone tumours. Method: This observational study of clinical presentation was corroborated with cytology and histopathology of 67 cases of primary malignant bone tumors in 2005-2007 in a tertiary health care centre. Results: Among the primary malignant tumors, 39 cases (58.20%) were male and 28 (41.80%) were female. Sixty one lesions (91%) were located in the long bones and 6 (9%) involving flat and short bones. Osteosarcomas are found to be the predominant primary malignant bone tumors (44.77%), followed by Ewing’s sarcomas (20.89%), chondrosarcomas (13.43%), high grade giant cell tumor, and plasmacytoma (5.97%). Predilection for male (M: F 2:1) found in both osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma, but it was reverse in cases of Ewing’s sarcomas. Conclusion: Osteosarcoma is the most common around knee joint and chondrosarcoma is frequent in long bones in this region. We made an attempt to correlate FNAC findings with the histopathology and it was seen that overall sensitivity of FNAC of primary malignant bone tumors was 56.71%.