Semicarbazide Research Articles

Growth, spectral, and thermal characterization of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde semicarbazone

2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde semicarbazone (HMBS) has been synthesized from 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde and semicarbazide hydrochloride using sodium acetate as catalyst. Good quality single crystals of HMBS were successfully grown by slow evaporation method at room temperature using a mixture of DMF and ethanol as solvent. Fourier transform infrared and Fourier transform Raman spectral studies have been performed to identify the functional groups. Single-crystal XRD study was conducted to obtain the crystal structure and lattice parameters. The grown crystal was subjected to 1H- and 13C-NMR spectral studies in order to confirm its structure and purity. The compound crystallizes into a monoclinic P21/c space group. Intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions facilitate unit cell packing in the crystal lattice. The UV–Vis spectrum confirmed the transparency of the compound between the wavelengths 420 and 1,100 nm, which is a characteristic property of a nonlinear optical (NLO) material. The thermal decomposition of the compound under static air atmosphere was investigated by simultaneous TG–DTG at a heating rate of 10 °C min−1. The NLO property of HMBS was confirmed from the second-harmonic generation by Kurtz–Perry powder test.

Synthesis and antitumor studies of novel benzopyrano-1,2,3-selenadiazole and spiro[benzopyrano]-1,3,4-thiadiazoline derivatives

A convenient and efficient synthetic protocol of new selenadiazole and thiadiazoline derivatives incorporating benzopyranone moiety from readily available starting materials was described. Reaction of different 2,2-dialkyl and 2,2-spirocycloalkyl dihydrobenzopyranones 1a–e with semicarbazide hydrochloride and thiosemicarbazide afforded the corresponding semicarbazones 2a–e and thiosemicarbazones 3a–e, respectively. Furthermore, cyclization of the semicarbazones 2a–e via oxidation using selenium dioxide gave a novel series of chromenoselenadiazoles 4a–e. A series of spirobenzopyrano-1,3,4-thiadidazolines 5a–e were synthesized by refluxing of the thiosemicarbazones 3a–e in acetic anhydride. The synthesized compounds were tested in vitro against four cancer cell lines namely: MCF-7, VERO, WI-38, and HEPG-2. In vivo studies were also performed using Ehrlich ascites carcinoma for antitumor activity. Interestingly, Compounds 4b and 5a showed significant antitumor activities and were capable to improve the hematological parameters as well as increase the mean survival time of the mice bearing tumor.

Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structures of 3,5-Bis(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide and 3,5-Bis(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide

Two new pyrazoline derivatives, 3,5-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazole-1-carboxamide (1) and 3,5-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazole-1-carbothioamide (2), were synthesized by reacting 4,4'-difluoro chalcone with semicarbazide hydrochloride and thiosemicarbazide in ethanolic sodium hydroxide solution. Both the compounds were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction data and supported by IR, NMR, and mass spectral data. In 1, crystal packing is stabilized by N–H…O hydrogen bonds and weak N–H...N, N–H…F and C–H…F intermolecular interactions. In 2, only weak N–H…F and N–H…S intermolecular interactions are observed. Crystal data: C16H13F2N3O, (1), Mr = 301.29, monoclinic, C2/c, a = 17.6219(6) Å, b = 10.8735(3) Å, c = 15.3216(5) Å, β = 102.864(3)°, V = 2862.11(16) Å3, Z = 8, T = 173 K, R(F) = 0.0511, wR(F2) = 0.1333; C16H13F2N3S, (2), Mr = 317.35, monoclinic, P21/c, a = 14.339(2) Å, b = 11.1478(17) Å, c = 9.541(2)(5) Å, β = 107.007(18)°, V = 1458.5(5) Å3, Z = 4, T = 173 K, R(F) = 0.0413, wR(F2) = 0.0959.

Determination of Total Nitrofuran Metabolites in Shrimp Muscle Using Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry in the Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mode

The method of MacMahon and Lohne for analysis of nitrofuran metabolites in shrimp was optimized to streamline the extraction processes and the LC analysis. This revised method includes 16 h of mild acid hydrolysis/derivatization followed by ethyl acetate extraction and analysis by LC/MS/MS in the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mode. This revised method was validated in shrimp for concentrations of 0.25 to 2.0 ng/g. The LOQ was 0.25 ng/g for all metabolites. The LOD was 0.052 nglg for 1-aminohydantoin (AHD), 0.206 ng/g for 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), 0.108 ng/g for semicarbazide (SC), and 0.062 ng/g for 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ). The spike recoveries with RSD into negative matrix at 1 ng/g were 100.2% (3.2%) for AHD, 102.5% (1.0%) for AOZ, 103.7% (2.3%) for SC, and 104.0% (3.3%) for AMOZ. The spike recoveries at 1 ng/g into unknown samples (n=108) containing varied levels of nitrofuran metabolites were 112.6% (25.7%) for AHD, 108.1% (12.1%) for AOZ, 103.0% (12.0%) for SC, and 100.3% (6.9%) for AMOZ. Interday precision with samples containing incurred AOZ concentrations of 0.92 to 17.8 ppb performed over a year was 10.4% RSD. The method is accurate and precise for determining nitrofuran concentrations in the edible tissue of shrimp.

ChemInform Abstract: Simple Strategy for Sulfonyl Ethynylogs of Coumarins.

Abstract Synthesis of 3-(2-(phenylsulfonyl) ethynyl)-2H-chromen-2-one is described. Reaction of β-ketosulfones with semicarbazide hydrochloride in ethanol at reflux temperature gave the corresponding semicarbazones, which on oxidative cyclization with selenium dioxide resulted in the formation of the corresponding 1,2,3-selenodiazole derivatives. These on pyrolysis gave the titled compounds.

Cyclization of Semicarbazones to 1,2,3-Selenadiazoles By Selenium Dioxide

In the present work some of 1,2,3-selenadiazole compounds derived from corresponding semicabazones have been prepared. The reaction of substituted chalcone compounds (1a-c) and 4-methoxy benzyl cyanide give compounds (2a-c) which were converted through the reaction with semicarbazide hydrochloride into the corresponding semicarbazones (3a-d(. The treatment of these compounds with selenium dioxide leads to ring closure of semicarbazones to give the 1,2,3-selenadiazole compounds. The structures of the synthesized compounds were established by physical and spectral methods.

Effects of the food contaminant semicarbazide on testicular morphology of juvenile Wistar rats

., 2004). Semicarbazide is also present in glass jars and bottles closed with metal lids sealed with plastic gaskets that are foamed using the azodicarbonamide as blowing agent (Opinion..., 2005). Azodicarbonamide is not listed as a permitted food additive in Council Directive 95/2/EC [European Parliament and Council Directive No. 95/2/EC of 20 February 1995 on food additives other than colors and sweeteners]; however, it semicarbazide hydrochloride (Sigmais used as a flour additive in some countries such as Canada, USA and Brazil owing to its dough-improving properties (de la Calle and Anklam, 2005). Recent studies proved that semicarbazide can also be formed in processed food such as coated poultry products and in bread prepared with azodicarbonamide-containing flour (de la Calle and Anklam, 2005). The toxicity of semicarbazide is not well understood (Opinion..., 2005 and Nestmann

Novel quinazolinone derivatives: synthesis and antimicrobial activity

4-(4-Oxo-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-yl)phenyl-4-methylbenzenesulfonate (2) was prepared and reacted with some primary aromatic amines, e.g., aniline, p-chloro aniline, p-methoxy aniline, p-amino benzoic acid and p-amino acetophenone. It reacted also with some heterocyclic amines, e.g., 2-aminothiazole, 2-aminobenzothiazole, 5-amino-4-phenylazo-2,4-dihydropyrazol-3-one and 3-amino-2-methylquinazolinone and with diamines; e.g., o-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, ethylenediamine, semicarbazide hydrochloride and thiosemicarbazide under different conditions. On the other hand, compound (2) reacted with both sodium azide and active methylene compounds, e.g., ethylcyanoacetate and ethylacetoacetate to give (19) and (20), respectively. All new prepared compounds were subjected to antimicrobial activity evaluation.

Efeitos da semicarbazida no esqueleto de ratos Wistar em crescimento

ABSTRACT The effects of semicarbazide hydrochloride on skeletal tissues were evaluated using Wistar rats. In the animals submitted to the administration of semicarbazide, radiological examination showed bone and articular alterations with growth plates enlargement. Histological exams showed irregular patterns and proliferation of chondrocytes and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. Immunohistochemical exams showed PCNA positive reaction in pre- and hypertrofic chondrocytes. These results confirm that semicarbazide induces important changes in skeletal tissues and that has potential utility in experimental osteolathryrism. Keywords : rat, Wistar, semicarbazide, osteolathyrism REFERENCIAS 1992, que aprova as normas tecnicas de proteccao dos FELASA. FELASA, The Federation of Laboratory Animal Science Associations, 2010. Disponivel em . Acessado em: 12 out. 2010. GARDNER, A.F.; DASLER, W.; WEINMANN, J.P. Masticatory apparatus of albino rats in experimental lathyrism.

Development of an accelerated solvent extraction, ultrasonic derivatisation LC‐MS/MS method for the determination of the marker residues of nitrofurans in freshwater fish

A rapid method using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and ultrasound enhanced derivatisation has been developed for the quantitative determination of metabolites of nitrofurans, namely 3‐amino‐2‐oxalidinone (AOZ), 5‐morpholinomethyl‐3‐amino‐2‐oxalidinone (AMOZ), 1‐amino‐hydantoin (AHD) and semicarbazide (SEM), in muscle and skin of carp and finless eel. The target analytes were extracted using ASE, ultrasonic derivatisation for 1 h and then purified by solid phase extraction. Averaged decision limits (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) of the method were in the range of 0.07–0.13 and 0.31–0.49 µg kg−1 in carp and finless eel, respectively. The accuracy in terms of recovery was in the range 77.2–97.4%. The simplified and traditional methods were compared with incurred residue samples. The simplified method reduced the derivatisation time and has been applied to the determination of nitrofurans residues in fish.

Synthesis, Molecular docking and Biological evaluation of 4-Cycloalkylidineamino 1, 2-Naphthoquinone Semicarbazones as Anticancer agents

ObjectiveIn an effort to etablish new candidates with improved antineoplastic activity, 4-cycloalkylidineamino 1,2-naphthoquinone semicarbazones were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for anticancer activity. MethodThe desired compounds were synthesized by condensation of 4- amino1, 2-naphthoquinone with cyclic ketones and further subsequent reaction of this product with semicarbazide hydrochloride. Compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis and screened for antiproliferative activity against three human cancer cell lines (HepG2, MG-63 and MCF-7) by MTT assay using doxorubicin as standard. Docking was performed by using the Glide 5.7 integrated with Maestro 9.2 (Schrödinger, LLC, 2011) to understand the binding preference of synthesized compounds with target enzyme topoisomerase-II. Results4-(cyclohexylideneamino) [1, 2] naphthoquinone 2-semicarbazone was found to be most active cytotoxic agent against all cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 5.58–6.31 µM. Results of molecular docking were also well correlated in vitro cytotoxicity assay. Insilico ADME studies revealed the drug likeliness of compounds. ConclusionsThe synthesized compounds were found to have significant anticancer activity and able to enter in higher phases of the drug development process due to favorable pharmacokinetic properties.

Growth, spectral and thermal characterization of vanillin semicarbazone (VNSC) single crystals

Vanillin semicarbazone (VNSC) has been synthesized from 4-hydroxy 3-methoxy benzaldehyde and semicarbazide hydrochloride using sodium acetate as catalyst. Good quality single crystals of VNSC were successfully grown by slow evaporation method at room temperature using DMF as solvent. The grown crystals have been characterized using melting point, elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV–Visible, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and X-Ray diffraction analysis. The compound crystallizes into an orthorhombic Pca21 space group. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions facilitate unit cell packing in the crystal lattice. The UV–Visible spectrum confirmed the transparency of the compound between the wavelengths 420 and 1,200 nm, which is characteristic to property of an NLO material. The thermal decomposition of the compound under static air atmosphere was investigated by simultaneous TG/DTG at a heating rate of 10 °C/min.

Ozonolytic transformations of (S)-(−)-limonene

Partial ozonolysis of (S)-(−)-limonene in cyclohexane-methanol yields 1-methyl-4-(prop1-en-2-yl)-7,8,9-trioxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane as a mixture of diastereoisomers at a ratio of 2: 3. Nitrogen-containing organic compounds (semicarbazide and hydroxylamine hydrochlorides) favor cyclization of intermediate ozonolysisreduction products, whereas the reduction with dimethyl sulfide, NaBH4, and NaBH(OAc)3 follows conventional pattern.

Histological study of effect of semicarbazide on the epiphyseal plate of the tibia and the shaft of femur of juvenile male albino rats

Introduction Semicarbazide (SEM) is an azodicarbonamide byproduct present in glass jar packaged foods especially babyfoods. As a relatively high consumption of these products by infants can result in higher exposure compared with other consumers. Aim of this work The aim of this work was to study the effect of SEM on the epiphyseal plate of the tibia and the shaft of the femur of juvenile male albino rats using both light and electron microscopes as the target sites of SEM are mainly cartilage and bone. Materials and methods This study was carried out on 30 juvenile male albino rats divided into a control group and a treated group. Animals of the treated group were administered 40 mg of SEM orally once daily for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, the shaft of the femur and the epiphyseal plate of the tibia were dissected, decalcified, and prepared for light and electron microscopic examination. Results Sections obtained from treated rats showed severe osteochondral lesions in the form of multiple tears and fragmentation of the epiphyseal plate, the formation of many notches on both periosteal and endosteal surfaces, and multiple intralamellar resorption cavities associated with many multinucleated osteoclast were seen in the shaft of the femur. Both chondrocytes and osteocytes showed many degenerative changes in addition to a reduction in the collagen fibers of the matrix of both cartilage and bone. Conclusion and recommendation The present study indicated that SEM administration during the juvenile period induced multiple osteochondral histological alterations that resulted in decreased bone mass and defects in the development of the epiphyseal plate, which represents a major risk factor for development during early adulthood; thus, it is better to avoid food products sold in glass jars, especially during juvenile period.

The occurrence of semicarbazide in the meat and shell of Bangladeshi fresh-water shrimp

There is evidence that semicarbazide (SEM), a marker for the banned nitrofuran nitrofurazone, can arise from other, unrelated sources. Recently, Belgium rejected 54 consignments of Bangladeshi freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), following a laboratory decision to test meat and exoskeleton combined. To study the possible natural occurrence of SEM in wild shrimp, samples were collected and analysed from 29 sites across Bangladesh. SEM (<1.0μg/kg) was detected in ∼65% of meat samples. However, SEM concentrations were approximately 100 times higher in the exoskeleton, and were unrelated to sampling location, strongly suggesting natural occurrence. In meat, most SEM was surface-associated. When the shrimp was shelled, some of the epidermal layer (which synthesises new exoskeleton) remained with the shell and some remained with the meat – leading to differing levels of natural SEM on the shrimp surface. This has implications for the use of SEM and the analytical strategy used to control nitrofuran use.

Study on Effective Storage Time of Constant Viscosity Natural Rubber

The effective storage time (i.e. storage life) of constant viscosity natural rubbers prepared with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, hydroxylammonium sulphate, hydrazine hydrate, aniline and semicarbazide hydrochloride respectively were investigated with heat accelerated storage aging combined with differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) method as well as the heat aging life equation. The results show that the effective storage time of constant viscosity natural rubber prepared with hydroxylamine hydrochloride is 19.2 years at 30°C, 39.4 years at 25°C and 82.9 years at 20°C. The effective storage time of constant viscosity natural rubber prepared with hydroxylammonium sulphate is 16.3 years at 30°C, 32.6 years at 25°C and 66.5 years at 20°C. The effective storage time of constant viscosity natural rubber prepared with hydrazine hydrate is 42.5 years at 30°C, 85.9 years at 25°C and 177.9 years at 20°C. The effective storage time of constant viscosity natural rubber prepared with aniline is 30.4 years at 30°C, 66.7 years at 25°C and 150.2 years at 20°C. The effective storage time of constant viscosity natural rubber prepared with semicarbazide hydrochloride is 13.5 years at 30°C, 27.4 years at 25°C and 57.1 years at 20°C.

Synthesis and in Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Some Pyrazolyl-1-carboxamide Derivatives

A series of 3,5-disubstituted pyrazole-1-carboxamides were obtained by treatment of chalcones with semicarbazide hydrochloride in dioxane containing sodium acetate/acetic acid as a buffer solution. N-acetyl derivatives of pyrazole-1-carboxamides were isolated in good yields either by treatment of the carboxamide derivatives with acetic anhydride or refluxing chalcones with semicarbazide in ethanol containing few drops of acetic acid to give the corresponding hydrazones. Subsequent treatment of hydrazones with acetic anhydride gave the desired N-acetyl pyrazole-1-carboxamides derivatives. When chalcones were refluxed with dioxane containing few drops of acetic acid, 4,5-dihydropyrazole-1-carboxamides were isolated, which were subsequently oxidized using 5% sodium hypochlorite in dioxane to afford pyrazole-1-carboxamides. The structures of isolated compounds were confirmed by elemental analyses and spectral methods. The isolated compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activities.

Development of an impedimetric immunosensor for the determination of 3-amino-2-oxazolidone residue in food samples

The use of furazolidone in food animals has been banned in European Union (EU) because of its carcinogenicity and mutagenicity on human health, but its continued misuse is widespread. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a simple, reliable, and rapid method for the detection of its marker residue, 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), in food products. In this regard, a sensitive and reliable electrochemical method was presented to detect AOZ based on a novel label-free electrochemical impedimetric immunosensor to address this need. The immobilization of monoclonal antibody against AOZ (denoted as AOZ-McAb) on the gold electrode was carried out through a stable acyl amino ester intermediate generated by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydrosuccinimide (NHS), which could condense antibodies on the self-assembled monolayer (SAM). The detection of AOZ was performed by measuring the relative change in charge transfer resistance before and after AOZ and AOZ-McAb immunoreaction by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Under the optimized conditions, the relative change in charge transfer resistance was proportional to the logarithmic value of AOZ concentrations in the range of 20.0 to 1.0 × 10 4 ng mL −1 ( r = 0.9987). Moreover, the proposed immunosensor has a high selectivity to AOZ alone with no significant response to the metabolites of other nitrofuran antibiotics, such as 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ), semicarbazide (SEM), and 1-aminohydantoin hydrochloride (AHD). This protocol has been applied to detect AOZ in food samples with satisfactory results.

Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, Antimicrobial, Pesticidal and Nematicidal Activity of Some Nitrogen‐Oxygen and Nitrogen‐Sulfur donor Coumarins based Ligands and their Organotin(IV) Complexes

AbstractSeries of new tin complexes are synthesized by classical thermal and microwave‐irradiated techniques. The biologically potent ligands 3‐formyl‐4‐chlorocoumarin semicarbazone (L1H) and 3‐formyl‐4‐chlorocoumarin thiosemicarbazone (L2H), were prepared by the condensation of semicarbazide hydrochloride and thiosemicarbazide in ethanol with the particular ketone by using microwave as well as conventional methods. The tin(IV) complexes have been prepared by mixing Ph3SnCl/Me3SnCl/Me2SnCl2 in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios with monofunctional bidentate ligands. The structures of the ligands and their tin complexes were confirmed by the elemental analysis, melting point determinations, molecular weight determinations, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 119Sn NMR, UV, mass spectral and X‐ray powder diffraction studies. On the basis of these studies it is clear that the ligands coordinated to the metal atom in a monobasic bidentate mode, by X$^{\cap}$ N donor system. Thus, suitable trigonal bipyramidal geometry for penta‐coordinated state and octahedral geometry for hexa‐coordinated state have been suggested for the 1:1 and 1:2 metal compounds. Both the ligands and their complexes have been screened for their antimicrobial, pesticidal and nematicidal activities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Synthesis and Biological Activities on Metal Complexes of 2,5-Diamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole Derived from Semicarbazide Hydrochloride

A bioactive ligand, 2,5-diamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole (L), derived from semicarbazide hydrochloride, and its metal complexes were prepared and characterized. The complexes were characterized using elemental, infra-red, ultraviolet/visible, magnetic moment, atomic absorption, thin layer chromatography and molar conductance measurements. The IR data revealed that the ligand (L) behaved as a tridentate neutral ligand. It coordinated to the metal ion via sulphur and nitrogen of the amines. The molar conductance data reveal that the chelates are non-electrolytes. From the Ultraviolet/Visible spectra and magnetic moment data, the complexes were found to have octahedral geometrical structure. In vivo evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of the metal complexes and the ligands showed greater activity against some micro-organisms when compared to the parent compounds. The chelates do not show toxicity against the activities of enzymes from homogenates of liver, kidney and serum in experimental rats.