Semantics Of Phraseological Units Research Articles

MYTHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE LINGUISTIC WORLDVIEW (THE MOON AND THE SUN IN PHRASEOLOGY)

In the focus of the article there is the problem of hidden mythological seman- tics of lexical (more broadly — phraseological) units in the Slavic and Germanic (English) languages. Often the lack of proper attention to this problem leads to inaccurate, inappropriate, superficial translation or to incorrect assessment of certain fragments of folklore texts of various genres in their ethnolinguistic study. Being «erased» on the surface of linguistic consciousness, which in the course of evolution has developed new stereotypes, the structures of mythological think- ing are often preserved at the level of lexical semantics and in the semantics of phraseological units. The mythological plane of the semantics of linguistic units is an important level of such a complex object of linguistics as the linguistic picture of the world, since it largely determines the specificity and originality of linguistic thinking, while remaining implicit, hidden behind the everyday, habitual meaning. On the example of microtexts (established figurative phrases) with two oppo- site ancient concepts «the moon» and «the sun», the commonality and difference in the mythological semantics of the units of the Slavic and English languages are shown. The relevant differential features of the Slavic and Germanic worldviews are emphasized.

THE ROLE OF THE IMAGE IN THE SEMANTICS OF PHRASEOLOGISMS

Both external appearance and internal structure are complex units – the semantics of phraseological units is considered one of the most important issues in the world of phraseology. It is relevant from this point of view to describe the features of the image in the phraseological meaning by interpreting the meaning of phraseological units in the Kazakh and Turkish languages. The article concludes that special units in the language system – phraseological units perform all three functions of the language – communicative, cumulative, aesthetic, and this function of phraseological units is realized through the internal form – image. Based on this conclusion, the image motivates the true meaning of the phraseology; that it shows evaluation and emotionality in the phraseological sense; that it is a carrier of cultural connotation proven by comparing qualitative semantic phraseology in the Kazakh and Turkish languages. It is concluded that phraseologisms are motivated not by the meaning of their components, but by the associated image of the real world in the mind of the language owner. In some phraseological units, the initial base-image may not be clear, but it is said that it can be determined etymologically, because the image is an internal form, and without the internal form, it is concluded that the phraseology itself does not exist. The fact that the image shows components in the range of “good-bad”, “approve-disapprove” – evaluation and emotionality is confirmed by a comparative analysis of phraseological units in two languages. It is considered that the connotative content of an ethno-cultural nature is not an auxiliary meaning adverb in the structure of phraseological meaning, but a mandatory and main element, because the image base – internal form of phraseological units is formed on the basis of the national-cultural worldview. It is determined that the category of imagery is characteristic of all qualitative semantic phraseological units.

Semantics of Phraseological Units with a Borrowed Component in the Speech of Russian Germans

This article reflects the results of a study on identifying the semantic features of phraseological units containing borrowings from the Russian language in the dialects of Russian Germans. The scientific novelty of the study includes the description of the specifics of the meaning of phraseological units of insular Russian-German dialects containing borrowed elements in their composition, tracing phraseological units created by German dialect means to convey the semantics of Russian set expressions, as well as semi-calques containing direct borrowings from the Russian language. The phraseological fund, presented in the text corpus of the Russian-German dialects existing in the Altai Territory, is characterized by significant originality, as it contains many phraseological units that differ from the standard and the original dialect variants. These features are reflected in the analysis of the studied fragment of the phraseological system of Russian-German dialects, phraseological units with components borrowed from the Russian language. As a result of the study, it was proved that borrowed words, penetrating into German phraseological units from the main lexical fund, acquire an expressive coloring, giving the phraseological unit additional evaluative meanings. Traced phraseological units of the Russian language serve to expand the phraseological fund of insular German dialects.

Nomination secondaire dans le système linguistique français et propriétés générales des idiomes

Linguistics has developed in recent years towards taxonomic models of structuralism, communication and pragmalinguistics, as well as towards textual linguistics and, later, towards cognitive linguistics. The shift in research paradigms in linguistics has also changed with respect to phraseology. Each linguistic orientation has posed its own range of problems in the study of phraseology in general and the semantics of phraseological units in particular. In our study, analyzing the main directions of research in modern phraseology, we will pay more attention to such an analysis, "which is based on the study of many factors that influence the formation and functioning of the phenomena of the phraseological system" (Baranov). At the same time, it seems that one of the most fundamental factors is the internal form of the phraseological units, which determines the semantic, pragmatic and culturological characteristics of the phraseological units. This work is based on the functional-parametric principle of description of phraseological units, which makes it possible to trace and identify the polystructural modeling features of phraseological semantics on the French language corpus.

The semantics of phraseological units with the component «eye» to denote the human qualities (based on modern Persian and Ukrainian)

The semantics of phraseological units with the component «eye» to denote the human qualities (based on modern Persian and Ukrainian)

Фразеология в обучении иностранных студентов профессиональной коммуникации на русском языке

The article is devoted to the role and possibilities of using phraseology in teaching professional communication skills in Russian to foreign students. As an example, phraseological units are discussed that are used in professional communication in the field of economics and business. The article contains such linguistic characteristics of phraseological units in the economic discourse as semantics, stylistic properties, etymology, communicative value. Teaching professional communication with the use of phraseology assumes acquaintance of foreign students with the main linguistic characteristics of phraseological units, i.e. with their grammatical properties, lexical and syntactic compatibility, features of functioning in speech. Control tests are aimed at mastering the semantics of phraseological units, at developing the skills and abilities of using phraseological units in professional speech. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the use of phraseological expressions in teaching professional communication allows to consider phraseology as one of the linguistic resources that contributes to the formation of communicative competence in the professional sphere among foreign students.

Рortuguese phraseological units containing food names

The article discusses the semantics of the phraseological units of the Portuguese language, which have a component from the thematic group “food”. The relevance of studying this group of phraseological units, which until now has not been the subject of a separate research in Russian Portuguese studies, is due to the fact that food, for natural reasons, is an important part of the cultural code of the people, the clue of which, in turn, is hidden in the national language. The research methodology meets the goal of conducting a comprehensive analysis of the semantics of phraseological units; in this regard the work uses the methods of lexical-semantic, component, quantitative and comparative analysis, the method of linguistic description in combination with cultural commentaries. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that for the Portuguese-speaking peoples, the culinary sphere has become a source of a large number of phraseological units, the semantic features of which reveal the specifics of the linguistic picture of the world of the native speakers. The division of the studied phraseological units into phraseosemantic groups showed that the largest number of phraseological units is associated with a description of a person (his appearance, character) and his behavior and actions. The study of the ways of the formation of phraseological units with the component “food” gave rise to the selection of eight groups. Among the phraseological units studied in the work, three different types of phraseological variance were identified and described, as well as features of phraseological synonymy, antonymy, and homonymy. In addition, examples of phraseological derivation and polysemy were identified and described.

Оценка как важнейший компонент фразеологического значения (на материале кабардино-черкесских фразеологизмов)

The study aims to identify shades of semantic meaning of phraseological units: how the Kabardians’ and the Circassians’ ethical and aesthetic views are reflected in the evaluative, axiological component of phraseological units meaning. The work is novel in that there has not been a comprehensive study of phraseological units of the Kabardian-Circassian language conducted from the standpoint of axiology. As a result, using the material of more than 50 phraseological units, the author has proved that the axiological (evaluative) component of semantics of the Kabardian-Circassian phraseological units, just like in other languages of the world, is socially motivated and matches the Kabardians’ and the Circassians’ cultural-ethnic and aesthetic views; such types of evaluation as negative with elements of disgust, aversion; negative with elements of the ridiculous; positive with elements of admiration, approval have been identified in semantics of phraseological units.

Методические особенности упражнений по переводу

The article analyzes the nature of speech exercises used in translation classes. The discipline Translation Work, which is included in the curriculum for teaching students in the areas of Philological Education, Linguistics, has an established tradition and teaching methodology. But the teaching methodology today requires new approaches and a new understanding in terms of the formation of translation skills and competencies. The problem of translation is relevant today in the context of the introduction of multilingual education, as certain conditions for the use of translation exercises require their justification in terms of the formation of students with certain competencies. Each language, reflecting the national form of manifestation of life, involves the assimilation of other elements of linguoculturology, including ethnopsychology and mentality. It is these features that should be reflected in assignments and translation exercises. A special place among exercises is occupied by exercises aimed at finding ways to convey the meanings of phraseological units, proverbs and sayings, as well as lexical units that reflect the national mentality. Performing such exercises requires students to know the semantics of phraseological units, and the appropriateness of selecting equivalents. It should be noted that students' ignorance of the meaning of individual phraseological units leads them to difficulties in the selection of words for literal translation.

СТРУКТУРНО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМОВ С КОМПОНЕНТАМИ GOT И TEUFEL В ТЕКСТОВОМ КОРПУСЕ РОССИЙСКО-НЕМЕЦКИХ ДИАЛЕКТОВ

This article presents the results of the study of the structure and semantics of phraseological units with component Gott and Teufel in the text corpus of Russian Germans. The phraseological Fund of Russian Germans includes numerous studied phraseological combinations. Such phraseological units are represented in Russian-German dialects as General German idioms, as well as phraseological expressions, which are characterized by features of dialect structure and semantics. They reflect the results of the preservation of native traditions, development according to the laws that were obtained from the mother dialects, as well as the results of long-term development in isolation from the original language group under the influence of foreign language environment.

Этнокультурная семантика фразеологизмов в башкирском и казахском языках

Этнокультурная семантика фразеологизмов в башкирском и казахском языках

Determination of Specifics of Semantics of Phraseological Units with a Gender Component in the English and Tatar Languages

The gender field in linguistics the subject of which is the language-gender correlation as a social factor studies the concepts such as gender, femininity, masculinity. Gender is expressed in semantics and in grammar of the language, forming a linguistic world image, which, in turn, depends on the conceptual image. The gender view of the world is not biologically determined in different cultures and language communities, the concepts of femininity and masculinity are determined by cultural and historical factors, in particular, by language stereotypes. Gender metaphor also influences the formation of conceptual and linguistic view of the world. The gender metaphor is understood as the transfer not only of physical features but also of the totality of spiritual qualities and properties united by the nominations of femininity and masculinity to the objects that are not related to gender. In different language communities the referents of femininity and masculinity often do not coincide, which creates difficulties in intercultural communication and translation. Phraseological unit is a peculiar unit of language, complex and contradictory as language and culture. Phraseological units (PhU), like a sponge, absorb all the original in language. It is in them, where, alongside vocabulary and aphorism, the cumulative function of language is manifested first.

The figurative idioms of English, German and Kazakh in contrast

This article discusses the figurative phraseological units, namely, the idioms of English, German and Kazakh languages in comparative aspect. It appeals to the phraseology of imagery due to the fact that the imagery—a defining component of semantic derivation and semantics of phraseological units in particular. The main goal is to make a contribution to the theory of phraseology, based on the tradition of comparative phraseology. Also, a brief review of domestic and foreign publications in the field of comparative phraseology is done and the article describes the results of practical analysis of idioms in three languages. The main features of the analysed units are multi-component structure, stability, idiomaticity that distinguishes them from other expressions. They can be interpreted in two different conceptual levels: literal sense and figurative sense. In the analysis are used the method of field simulation. The study aims to identify and develop a model describing visual images as elements of the cognitive system. Keywords: Imagery, visuality, imagery means, imagery structure.

The Structure and Semantics of Dialect Phraseological Units (Based on the Dialects of Southern Tyumen Region)

The authors analyse the structure and semantics of phraseological units as an integral part of the lexical system of the old dialects of Southern Tyumen Region. The analysis of the material shows that from the point of view of its grammatical structure, regional idioms, as well as nationwide idioms, fall into three structural types, i.e. word forms, phrases, and sentences. A significant portion of all the material studied (over 90 %) is made up by phraseological units that are verbal, substantive, adjectival, and adverbial phrases. The interpretation of the material shows that phraseological units can be divided into several lexico-semantic groups, including people’s physical, verbal, social, and professional activities, their mental and physical condition, behavior, moral qualities, evaluation of actions, various objects surrounding them, their ideas about labour, leisure, time, etc. The fact that such idioms are relatively isolated locally and exist mostly in oral speech affects the semantic content of dialect phraseological units, which represent the most significant components of the linguistic consciousness of the local residents of a certain region, illustrate the values dominating in the regional worldview, and indicate the uniqueness of the reflection of the denotative and connotative content of the concepts.

Игровые возможности фразеологизмов (на материале книги рассказов Ю. Буйды «Прусская невеста»)

A method of semantic transformation of phraseological units is considered, which was presented in the book by Yu. Buyda as literalism. Game technique of literalism is restoring the original, direct meaning of the lexemes constituting a phraseological unit. This is achieved by introducing in the context of the story the literal deploying, pointing to the reality. It is revealed that the polysemy arising from the clash within the context of two meanings of a single phrase (literal and idiomatic) is a source of word play, and often provokes the creation of comic effect. As a literal deploying Yu. Buyda uses the word or phrase linked with a phraseological unit thematically, associatively and by synonymic or antonymic relations. In the writer’s works considered technique illustrates not only the method of updating the semantics of phraseological units, but also has a projective text function. On its basis, the author builds the storyline in many stories that the game intertwined, which creates certain difficulties in identifying both the technique and its gaming potential. It is shown that in most cases, to restore the logical link between the idiom and literal deploying the activation of background knowledge and committing a number of mental operations is required. The analysis is based on the following parameters of literal deploying input: its explicitness / implication, the remoteness of literal deploying from the idiom, the sequence of its input (in a preposition or postposition) and the way of representation of literal deploying.

Author-Specific Modifications of Biblical Phraseological Units in Modern Journalism (Based on Russian Examples)

A strong tendency towards the active usage of modified phraseological units is currently noted in modern newspaper language. In search of higher expressiveness and a certain stylistic effect (irony, language play, negative appraisal etc.) journalists often alter the traditional structure and semantics of phraseological units, identifying and expanding their subtle deep meanings and combining lexical elements of different styles in one context. Non-usual usage of phraseological units is a means of achieving a deeper expression and an effective tool for creating a stronger impact on a reader. The article looks at cases of deliberate creative transformation of phraseological units of New Testament origin, observed in modern Russian newspapers. Based on the analysis of the actual material (articles from Russian national newspapers from January 2003 to May 2006), a detailed classification and an analysis of various types of phraseological units modifications are drawn and two large groups are identified - structural semantic and semantic modifications. The first group includes modifications in lexico-grammatical structure of a phraseological unit without a significant change in semantics (expansion, reduction, element substitution etc.). The second group covers modifications that do not change the structure of a phraseological unit, but do change its meaning (double actualisation, demetaphorisation, expansion of word valence etc.). Every type of modification is illustrated by examples from current publications on the Russian Internet.