Semantic Transformation Research Articles

В творческой лаборатории переводчика: особенности поэтического перевода А.А. Ахматовой

The article considers the translation activities of the famous Russian poet Anna Andreevna Akhmatova (1889–1966), for the first time her translation method is studied in solving the problems of poetic translation from the Ossetian language. The author of the article traces the ways of reflecting the author's intentions in the translation, the communicative equivalence of the source texts. It is concluded that the concept of adequate and free translation manifests itself in the transfer of poetic works of Ossetian authors. A. Akhmatova uses various translation transformations in the process of creating a secondary text-lexical, syntactic, stylistic; strives for equivalence not at the level of individual lexemes, but at the level of the text as a whole. The translator retains the ideological and artistic peculiarity of the original even where the thought is conveyed by his own poetic means (expansion of the content of the original text, semantic transformation). The language of translation is distinguished by figurativeness, in some places Akhmatova saturates the translated text with additional stylistic means of the translating language, close to the artistic perception of the recipient (metaphorization). The translator resorts to intentional historical stylization by archaizing the language to imitate the temporal remoteness of the context of an authentic work. The plan of expression of the translated text does not always coincide with the original; Akhmatova does not always preserve the equirhythmicity of poetic texts. The formal side in the text variants differs in the types of consonance at the end of the lines and in the rhythmic structure.

Biblical Phraseological Units and Proverbs in Modern Sociocultural Context: Dictionary Representation

The article explores issues related to the lexicographic development of biblical proverbs and phraseological units, which are typically represented in dictionaries solely in their canonical form, without taking into account the peculiarities of their contemporary usage. The aim of the research is to develop a dictionary concept that, alongside traditional forms, reflects the structural and semantic transformations of biblicisms in the media space and live communication. Phraseological units and proverbs, selected from biblical dictionaries and encyclopedias, as well as those documented in internet forums, chats, and blogs (from 2013 to 2023), and recorded in spoken language, have become the subject of structural-semantic, componential, and contextual analysis prior to their lexicographic treatment. Special attention is paid to transformational mechanisms of phonetic mimicry and playful variants of phraseological units and proverbs created on this basis. During lexicographic modeling, parameters for an innovative dictionary entry combining elements characteristic of explanatory and axiological dictionaries have been developed. The implementation of the developed parametric model is demonstrated using the example of the proverb ‘Eyes are the mirror of the soul.’ It is emphasized that the proposed lexicographic concept will allow for the reflection of dynamic processes affecting the corpus of biblicisms in their sociocultural context, prediction of trends in this field, and utilization of dictionary materials for language teaching purposes.

Geopoetic Image as a Cultural Token, Process and Result of Aesthetic Reality Modeling

The research field of geopoetics as the theory of studying creative forms and ways of human interaction with the geographic space, the multidimensional concept shaped by the syncretic perception of reality, is expanding dynamically in the aspect of space interpretation and modeling. Such research prism facilitates addressing projective meanings of the modeled reality, studying geopoetic image as a cultural sign, process and result of aesthetic display and representation of reality. Taking into account the relevance of the problem, the authors of the article set a goal to investigate the semiotic triad of St. Petersburg, the emotional component of the axiological model and its semantic transformations: Petropol’ - Petrograd - Leningrad, that permits to present a multilateral description of geopoetic image modifications. The research logic is dictated by the fact that the conceptualization of space in its various manifestations is associated with the study of the territory as an object of aesthetic reflection. The study analyzes creative embodiment of a particular toponym in its dual rational and emotional essence as a fact of verbal art. Transformation and treatment of geopoetic image meanings of St. Petersburg based on the spheres of urban semiotics are analyzed in the aspect of giving new meanings and semantics to the place in the context of spatial and cultural historical relations and models. The authors argue that geopoetic image is a special representation of geographical space in its historical and cultural, value and semantic nature and fusion in their unity. The existing territory can be presented as a compact axiological model through the “prism” of socio-cultural values, signs and symbols. Actualization of the palimpsest concept based on the combination of textual layers, research of peculiarities of structural meaning modeling enable addressing the reconstruction of the semiotic system and variant semantics of “city mirror” texts.

Semantic Transformation of the Content of Gazelles by R. Gatash in their Translation into Russian and Turkish

The current article raises the problem of transferring the artistic features of the gazelles of the Tatar poet R. Gatash (R.K. Gataullin) in translations into Russian and Turkish. The relevance of the study is associated with the growing interest of the modern world in the problems of translation from national languages. The purpose of the work is to identify the features of the transfer of linguistic and cultural information in translations. The gazelles of the Tatar poet R. Gatash from the cycle “Miӊgүzəlgə gazəllər” became the research material. The main research method is a comparative one, aimed at identifying similarities and differences between the works under consideration. As a result of the study, we conclude that the proximity of the two languages and cultures allows the translator into Turkish to fully recreate the features of the poetics of the Tatar poet’s poems in the target language.

Time-dependent memory transformation in hippocampus and neocortex is semantic in nature

Memories undergo a time-dependent neural reorganization, which is assumed to be accompanied by a transformation from detailed to more gist-like memory. However, the nature of this transformation and its underlying neural mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we report that the time-dependent transformation of memory is semantic in nature, while we find no credible evidence for a perceptual transformation. Model-based MRI analyses reveal time-dependent increases in semantically transformed representations of events in prefrontal and parietal cortices, while specific pattern representations in the anterior hippocampus decline over time. Posterior hippocampal memory reinstatement, in turn, increases over time and is linked to the semantic gist of the original memory, without a statistically significant link to perceptual details. These findings indicate that qualitative changes in memory over time, associated with distinct representational changes in the neocortex and within the hippocampus, reflect a semantic transformation, which may promote the integration of memories into abstract knowledge structures.

ENGLISH CONCEPT LORD: SECULAR, RELIGIOUS AND ARTISTIC ASPECTS OF STUDY

The article presents an analysis of the linguocultural and cultural-historical aspects of the functioning and verbalization of the English concept LORD. Our research is based on the study of the semantic content of the concept presented in its key nomination lord. The purpose of our study was to identify the main factors and directions of the development of the concept. The object of the study is the nature and principles of the increase in the concept, its transformation under the influence of cultural and historical factors, ideological and artistic ideas, as well as the actual linguistic principles of transformations of the lexical unit lord representing it. The subject of the study is lexicographic data, semantic characteristics of the lexeme lord. By studying the functioning of the lexeme representing the concept in the secular, religious and artistic linguo-cultural planes and the corresponding semantic transformations on the basis of the analyzed lexicographic sources, the nominative field of the English-language concept LORD is modeled. During the study, we came to the following results. The lexeme lord is the central term of the cultural concept LORD — the lord, the ruler and master, the vicegerent of God on earth or God Himself. The considered concept is a multi-tiered system that covers the attitude of the representatives of the English linguistic community to the vital spheres of their existence: religious, social class or artistic and figurative affiliation. The semantic content of the lexeme has expanded over the centuries, and the lexeme began to serve as a nomination in two different planes of social models of the world: religious and secular. All pre-Christian accumulation and all chronologically coinciding pre-Christian representations of the concept act as the basic charge for the embodiment of the Christian idea of denoting God, which, since the 12th century, has borrowed the tradition of treating God as the Lord, and to the lords as the Lord’s vicars on earth. The plane of the ideological priority meaning of this lexeme in the Christian picture of the world as an appeal to the Lord, universal for European cultures, remains only one “pole” of the concept consideration. The second meaning, which is included in the nuclear zone of the nominative field of the key lexeme, denoting the concept, incorporates a purely national, English concept. This semantic part of the concept is due to the sphere of secular ideas, which are more mundane in the conceptual and linguistic pictures of the world. This meaning acts as an independent nuclear subsphere containing a reference to a specific, ethnically dependent reality — a courtesy title, an ethnic identifier. Conclusions: Due to its conceptual «insecurity», the concept LORD is far from being a stable system. The process of conceptualization of its key nomination lord continues for objective reasons — the influence of new cultural trends, including the heroes of popular books and cinema, political transformations, leading figures who have and receive the title of lord.

ACTUALIZATION OF THE STUDY OF IDENTITY PROBLEMS IN THE MODERN WORLD

The article provides an interdisciplinary analysis of the modern study of the problem of identity, the specifics of the study of personal and collective identity, the change in the vector of its research in the 90s of the last century. It has been clarified which factors motivated the development of identity research. When studying identity, the emphasis is on collective identity. Its study involves the study of cultures and histories in the form of various types of cultural and historical memory. The study of identity is interdisciplinary and international in nature and involves the concepts of culture and memory (history). Cultural or collective identity provides an opportunity to return to the study of the past. This allows us to assert that the conceptual triad «identity-culture-memory» not only exists now in a close relationship, relying on each other, but also constantly changes its conceptual meanings under mutual influence. Therefore, all three concepts not only underwent significant semantic changes. As an important element of this triad, the study of the phenomenon of identity in the world is rapidly developing such areas of interdisciplinary research as identity politics, memory politics, public history and historical politics, which are interconnected, but each of them has its own specificity and area. This testifies to the constant mutual development of the very phenomena that they denote and explain. It can be determined that this deep semantic transformation clearly indicates that the world is approaching significant changes in ideas about the time of human existence, which will destroy the modern idea established for more than 200 years about the meaning of the dimensions of the present and the future in people’s lives. Now it becomes clear what importance the prerequisites for the rapid development of not only such fields of study as CulturalStudies, MemoryStudies, but also gender studies, in particular, the study of gender and queer identity, etc., have acquired in the last 30 years. These interdisciplinary fields of research are now being manipulated, scorned, silenced, and long-term forgotten by power structures and influence groups.

Ways to Neutralize Gender Attribution of Phraseological Units (Based on Media Texts)

The article is devoted to the analysis of cases of neutralization of gender attribution of phraseological units in their live use in modern media speech. Russian Russian phraseology The aim of the work is to study the dynamics of ideas about the masculine and feminine gender in Russian phraseology based on the identification of forms of neutralization of gender attribution, their classification and analysis of the noted transformations when using stable combinations in newspaper texts of the National Corpus of the Russian language. The following research methods are used in the work: continuous sampling method, observation of language material, lexicographic, lexico-semantic and contextual analysis, classification, analysis, generalization. Three ways of neutralization of gender attribution of phraseological units are considered: neutralization of gender at the level of dictionary definitions (indication of kinship with a person as a whole, without gender differentiation: Ivan, who does not remember kinship), neutralization at the grammatical level (compatibility with the object of the opposite grammatical gender: sleeping beauty), the use of phraseological turnover in relation to the person of the opposite pola (free Cossack). It is shown that, despite the strength of gender stereotypes in the linguistic consciousness, they are not frozen: gender representations change in the process of social development, which is expressed in the transformation of semantics and the compatibility of gender-marked phraseological units, rethinking their one-line connection with masculinity / femininity.The identification of ways to neutralize the gender attribution of phraseological units contributes to the study of gender manifestations in phraseology. The description of modern phraseological usage is important from the point of view of ascertaining the constancy in the linguistic consciousness of established gender stereotypes and shifts in their perception, as well as the accumulation of data on the mechanisms of functioning of idiomatics and the development of phraseological meaning.

ВЕРБАЛІЗАЦІЯ ПОГЛЯДІВ В. СОСЮРИ В ОНІМІКОНІ ПОЕТИЧНИХ ТВОРІВ

The article identifies the problem of verbalization of V. Sosiura’s views in the onymic of poetic works. It is emphasized that it’s expedient to study the idiostyles of writers whose work is symbolic both for a certain people and for the aesthetic context in general. It is noted that the processes consisting in the semantic transformation of a word, the formation of its artistic meaning, and the transformation of a word into an aesthetic sign deserve special attention in the analysis of individual features of poetic texts. The question of studying the individual stylistic features of V. Sosiura’s poetry in the semantic-functional aspect, the need to rethink and analyze his creative output from a new point, taking into account the mechanisms of word transformation in poetic texts, becomes relevant. It is determined that V. Sosiura played a significant role in the depiction of the era through the onymicon, although today we state ambiguous views on his personality, and sometimes on his creative output. In the minds of the Ukrainian people, V. Sosiura is a vivid representative of the new generation of lyric poets, who were doomed to adapt to the conditions of the ideological leadership of literature, trying to preserve the best folk song traditions. The analysis of the texts of the poems showed that among the categories of the toponymicon of V. Sosiura’s poetic picture of the world, the most numerous are the groups of choronyms, hydronyms, and oikonyms, in particular, astonyms (names of cities), hodonyms (names of streets), and urbanonyms (names of inner-city objects), to a lesser extent oronyms and dryonyms are presented, and the most diverse are oikonyms and urbanonyms, which presents the open poetic space of the author’s picture of the world.

Transformation of phraseological semantics in the title position (in terms of the texts of the poetic genre of poemphrase)

The article analyses the status and features of semantic evolution of the title-phraseologism in the poetic genre of poemphrase. A poemphrase is a poem the title of which is a phraseological item and the text reveals its informational potential in one way or another – central and peripheral semes of the meaning of phraseologism, associative series, cultural and intertextual relations, etc. A phraseological title in the text of this genre becomes a special item, a createme semantically transformed and enriched with the meanings of the subsequent text. The article is based on the author's material (more than 60 texts of this genre created in 2015–2022). Six types of the main meaningful correlations a phraseological title with followed text of the poemphrase are revealed – personification of the image embedded in phraseology; demonstration of the content of phraseologism based on fictional personal examples; creating a plot text based on the semantics of phraseologism; literalisation of a phraseological symbol; representation of the phraseologism-stated problem side aspect rather than the main aspect; objection to the postulate of a phraseologism. The features of the disclosure of the information potential of a phraseological item, its plot-forming, genre-forming, text-forming features are analysed. The specificity of the formal and meaningful correlation of the phraseological title with the poetic text of the genre of poemphrase is demonstrated.

SCL-ST: Supervised Contrastive Learning With Semantic Transformations for Multiple Lead ECG Arrhythmia Classification.

The automatic classification of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals has played an important role in cardiovascular diseases diagnosis and prediction. With recent advancements in deep neural networks (DNNs), particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), learning deep features automatically from the original data is becoming an effective and widespread approach in a variety of intelligent tasks including biomedical and health informatics. However, most of the existing approaches are trained on either 1D CNNs or 2D CNNs, and they suffer from the limitations of random phenomena (i.e. random initial weights). Furthermore, the ability to train such DNNs in a supervised manner in healthcare is often limited due to the scarcity of labeled training data. To address the problems of weight initialization and limited annotated data, in this work, we leverage recent self-supervised learning technique, namely, contrastive learning, and present supervised contrastive learning (sCL). Different from existing self-supervised contrastive learning approaches, which often generate false negatives because of random selection of negative anchors, our contrastive learning makes use of labeled data to pull the same class closer together and push different classes far apart to avoid potential false negatives. Furthermore, unlike other kinds of signals (e.g. speech, image, video), ECG signal is sensitive to changes, and inappropriate transformation could directly affect diagnosis results. To deal with this issue, we present two semantic transformations, i.e. semantic split-join and semantic weighted peaks noise smoothing. The proposed deep neural network sCL-ST with supervised contrastive learning and semantic transformations is trained as an end-to-end framework for the multi-label classification of 12-lead ECGs. Our sCL-ST network contains two sub-networks i.e. pre-text task and down-stream task. Our experimental results have been evaluated on 12-lead PhysioNet 2020 dataset and shown that our proposed network outperforms the state-of-the-art existing approaches.

Construction of a 3D Model Knowledge Base Based on Feature Description and Common Sense Fusion

Three-dimensional models represent the shape and appearance of real-world objects in a virtual manner, enabling users to obtain a comprehensive and accurate understanding by observing their appearance from multiple perspectives. The semantic retrieval of 3D models is closer to human understanding, but semantic annotation for describing 3D models is difficult to automate, and it is still difficult to construct an easy-to-use 3D model knowledge base. This paper proposes a method for building a 3D model knowledge base to enhance the ability to intelligently manage and reuse 3D models. The sources of 3D model knowledge are obtained from two aspects: on the one hand, constructing mapping rules between the 3D model features and semantics, and on the other hand, extraction from a common sense database. Firstly, the viewpoint orientation is established, the semantic transformation rules of different feature values are established, and the representation degree of different features is divided to describe the degree of the contour approximating the regular shape under different perspectives through classification. An automatic output model semantic description of the contour is combined with spatial orientation. Then, a 3D model visual knowledge ontology is designed from top to bottom based on the upper ontology of the machine-readable comprehensive knowledge base and the relational structure of the ConceptNet ontology. Finally, using a weighted directed graph representation method with a sparse-matrix-integrated semantic dictionary as a carrier, an entity dictionary and a relational dictionary are established, covering attribute names and attribute value data. The sparse matrix is used to record the index information of knowledge triplets to form a three-dimensional model knowledge base. The feasibility of this method is demonstrated by semantic retrieval and reasoning on the label meshes dataset and the cultural relics dataset.

New Structural and Semantic Transformation of Relational Databases to MongoDB

Currently, data and its exploitation play a very important role in the life of individuals and organizations, without forgetting that through data management tools these organizations store their data history, which guides them at the operational and strategic levels. Considering the explosion of data at huge sizes, the old relational system has several shortcomings in managing this information, which justifies the need for data migration to NoSQL systems, which manage BigData efficiently. In this sense, this article fits to find a new transformation of relational databases to MongoDB, as a wellchosen NoSQL system for this transformation. This article presents the problem of this transformation, so that it can be discussed based on related works, then enlightened by presenting the storage philosophy and the semantics of the two systems source and destination of this transformation, which will be chained by our approach which defining a set of transformation rules to keep the same data and advantages of relational systems under a structure adequate to the concept of MongoDB and finally our conclusion of this work.

Authentication of fog‐assisted IoT networks using Advanced Encryption credibility approach with modified Diffie–Hellman encryption

SummaryCloud storage in the network enables the users to access the data from anywhere irrespective of any devices, which prevents data loss and provides centralized management. The cloud server is a pooled, centrally located server resource that many users can access as needed. More efficient data storage and processing could be achieved through fog computing devices and, the fog node handles the task including the semantic transformation of the data before transmitting it to the back‐end cloud servers, managing the process of data from several edge devices simultaneously. The security of the cloud and fog nodes acts as a key component, and that must be ensured for effective computations. In this research, the security of the fog‐assisted Internet of Things (IoT) network is enhanced using the proposed advanced encryption credibility approach (Ad‐En credibility approach), which ensures the privacy and security of the networks by preventing malicious attempts of accessing the data. The proposed Ad‐En credibility approach is performed based on a modified Diffie‐Hellman algorithm that consists of different phases such as the setup phase, entry and identity phase, fog node entry validation phase, and authentication phase. These phases perform different functions and provide strong authentication mechanisms that secure the data with high confidentiality by detecting malicious attempts within a reduced time. The efficiency of the research is proved by measuring the computational time, memory usage, and detection rate. The proposed Ad‐En credibility approach consumed less time of 7 s and memory usage of 8.17 mb with a high detection rate of 85.34%.

On the boundary semantics and differentiation forms

The article studies origin and transformation of the boundary notion, demonstrates the difficulty of its definition. The work provides a historical overview of boundary semantics change in German language, investigates the notion history. The author shows the differentiation act to be a source of the philosophical thought in Antiquity, and a source of the scientific one in Modern time. The article investigates the transformation of the boundary philosophical semantics from the Antiquity to the present days. Special attention is devoted to boundary cultural aspects.

Improving Named Entity Recognition for Social Media with Data Augmentation

Social media is important for providing text information; however, due to its informal and unstructured nature, traditional named entity recognition (NER) methods face the challenge of achieving high accuracy when dealing with social media data. This paper proposes a new method for social media named entity recognition with data augmentation. First, we pre-train the language model by using a bi-directional encoder representation of the transformer (BERT) to obtain a semantic vector of the word based on the contextual information of the word. Then, we obtain similar entities via data augmentation methods and perform substitution or semantic transformation on these entities. After that, the input into the Bi-LSTM model is trained and then fused and fine-tuned to obtain the best label. In addition, our use of the self-attentive layer captures the essential information of the features and reduces the reliance on external information. Experimental results on the WNUT16, WNUT17, and OntoNotes 5.0 datasets confirm the effectiveness of our proposed model.

Risk Assessment Model of Chemical Process Based on Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Petri Nets

An interval type-2 fuzzy set and fuzzy Petri net combined risk assessment model for chemical production was proposed to solve the problems of disorganized hierarchy and poorly targeted measures, as well as the requirement for complex equipment associated with chemical production risk assessment. First, four different types of risk databases were established according to the production process of cyclohexane. Considering the intrinsic relationship between the risk factors in the fault database, the interval type-2 fuzzy set was used to improve the semantic transformation accuracy and calculate the confidence in the risk factors. The fuzzy Petri net model was used to simulate the dynamic development of accidents, and the parallel relationship between risk factors was intuitively described. Thereafter, the external relationship between risk factors was analyzed, and the net structure of each layer was divided to build a multilevel model. Finally, the catalyst activation process during cyclohexane production was taken as an example for risk assessment calculation, and the accident risk probability was calculated by multilevel fuzzy reasoning. The results demonstrate that the model is an improvement over traditional methods and can be used for precise prevention and control. Moreover, it can accurately analyze risk probability during chemical production, determine the risk associated with the reaction process, effectively prevent accidents, and provide a reference for risk evaluation and risk classification.

Critical comprehension of various translations of surah al-Baqarah 8-13: a Theological and Linguistic analysis

In this article we have made an attempt to critically comprehend ten translations of the 8-13 ayahs of surah “al-Baqara” into Russian, considered in the order of their publication, which allowed us to trace their certain semantic transformation. So, modern translations more emphasize the internal irrational processes, separating the Arabic verbs sensation (شعر) and belief (علِم), in contrast to their predecessors, translating these verbs as synonyms, thus emphasizing the importance of rational processes, relying on tafsirs, which have also undergone some changes of meaning over time. On the basis of the critical comprehension of various translations of the above ayats of the Quran, as well as four tafsirs, a theological and linguistic analysis of this text fragment was carried out, as a result of which the assumption of two kinds of hypocrites was put forward: those who realize their hypocrisy and those who do not realize (or do not want to realize), taking the likeness of faith for the true faith. This circumstance made it possible to understand the reasons for the different approaches to the translation of the Arabic verbs شعر and علِم. Thus, in the earlier translations of the Qur'an these verbs are translated as synonyms, since according to the early tafsirs, on which the authors of these translations apparently relied, this fragment of the Holy Text refers to a group of people knowingly hypocriting about their faith in order to gain personal benefits. Their hypocrisy is conscious, i.e. rationally meaningful, due to which the translators used the verb of the group of feeling شعر to denote the meaning of the verb of belief علِم. In later translations of the Quran, as well as in modern tafsirs, which we reviewed in this paper, no clear indication of a specific group of people (which was found in the comments of D. Boguslavsky) or that the hypocrisy of these people is conscious. In these works, the focus of the authors' attention shifts to the processes occurring in the heart (in the soul), which allows us to speak of a category of people who are hypocrites unconsciously, who are sure that they believe, that they are doing good, people who do not want to recognize their unbelief, who do not define it, who do not feel it because their hearts are sick. In this connection, it seems to us that the later translators emphasize the difference in meaning between the verb sensation (شعر) and the verb belief (علِم). This fact gives rise to a reflection on one's own position regarding belief, which on a rational level may be quite convincing, but on an irrational level may raise some doubts.

Bi-Level Implicit Semantic Data Augmentation for Vehicle Re-Identification

Vehicle re-identification (Re-ID) aims at finding the target vehicle identity from multi-camera surveillance videos, which plays an important role in the intelligent transportation system (ITS). It suffers from the subtle discrepancy among vehicles from the same vehicle model and large variation across different viewpoints of the same vehicle. To enhance the robustness of Re-ID models, many methods exploit additional detection or segmentation models to extract discriminative local features. Some others employ data-driven methods to enrich the diversity of the training data, such as the data augmentation and 3D-based data generation, so that the Re-ID model can obtain stronger robustness against intra-class variations. However, these methods either rely on extra annotations or greatly increase the computational cost. In this paper, we propose the Bi-level Implicit semantic Data Augmentation (BIDA) framework to solve this problem from two aspects. (1) We implicitly augment the images semantically in the feature space according to the identity-level and superclass-level intra-class variations, which can generate more diverse semantic augmentations beyond the intra-identity variations. (2) We introduce the similarity ranking constraints on the augmented training set by extending the sample-wise triplet loss to the distribution-wise one, which can effectively reduce meaningless semantic transformations and improve the discrimination of the feature. We conduct extensive experiments on VeRi-776, VehicleID and Cityflow benchmarks to reveal the effectiveness of our method. And we achieve new state-of-the-art performance on VeRi-776.

Anglo-semantism Коллаборация as a conflictogenic element in modern Russian

The paper analyzes the process of semantic change of the noun «коллаборация» in the Russian language under the influence of semantic transformations that occurred in the word “collaboration” in English. The basis of the appearance of a new lexico-semantic variant in the donor language is the change of the actors of interaction from the “enemy” to the “business partner”, which caused the amelioration of the meaning of the word. English-speaking Internet users pay attention to the innovative use of the word and seek to find out the difference between the meanings of the words “collaboration” and “cooperation”. The general result of the discussions is the conclusion that the noun “cooperation” is used in relation to any kind of interaction, while the new meaning of the word “collaboration” contains an indication of pragmatic goals in interactive processes. The commercialization of the sense contained in the word “collaboration” entails morphological changes, consisting in the appearance of the plural form as a result of the transition of an abstract noun into the category of concrete ones. The introduction of Anglo-semantism «коллаборация» into the Russian language occurs mainly in commercial and interdisciplinary scientific discourse. The analysis of articles headings containing the term «коллаборация» shows its high frequency and the status of a fashionable term. At the same time, the innovative use of the word is faced with an ambiguous reaction of native speakers of modern Russian. The analysis of the data obtained as a result of the survey revealed evident discrepancies in the interpretation of the semantics and evaluative connotation of the words «коллаборация» and «коллаборационизм» among representatives of different age groups. The use of the word «коллаборация» in its Americanized meaning causes cultural shock among many representatives of older age groups. Most representatives of younger age groups do not feel cognitive dissonance due to their ignorance of the meaning of the word «коллаборационизм». The different level of acceptance of the words transmitted from the Anglo-American language picture of the world together with insufficient knowledge of history by the younger generation becomes a reason of explicit or hidden conflict situations in the communication process.