Semantic Strategy Research Articles

Targeting Cognitive Control Deficits With Neuroplasticity-Based Computerized Cognitive Remediation in Patients With Geriatric Major Depression: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial

Late life major depression (LLD) is often accompanied by cognitive deficits. When patients have specific deficits in cognitive control functions (CCD), they are not only distressing and debilitating, they often predict poor clinical outcomes such as reduced response to SSRI/SNRI antidepressants, increased disability, suicide and all-cause mortality. We recently reported that in an open label trial, our treatment designed to target these specific CCD with neuroplasticity-based computerized cognitive remediation (nCCR) improved depression and CCD in patients who failed to remit with conventional antidepressant treatment. This study tested the hypothesis that in patients with LLD who have failed at least one trial of an SSRI/SNRI antidepressant at an adequate dose for at least 8 weeks, nCCR will improve both depressive symptoms and the CCD associated with poor antidepressant response (i.e. semantic strategy, inhibition of prepotent responses) more than an active control group. Participants were randomized (1:1) to receive either 30 hours/ 4 weeks of neuroplasticity based computerized cognitive remediation (nCCR) designed to target CCD, or the active control condition matched for duration, engagement, reward, computer presentation, and contact with study staff. All participants and raters were blinded. Mixed effects model analysis the time effect (week) (F(1,71.22)=25.2, p<0.0001) and treatment group X time interaction (F(1,61.8)=11.37, p=.002) reached significance indicating that the slope of decline in MADRS was steeper in the nCCR-GD group. Further, the nCCR group improved their semantic clustering strategy(t(28)=9.5; p=.006), as well as performance on the Stroop interference condition, and cognitive flexibility (Trails B). Further, results transferred to memory performance, which was not a function trained by nCCR. clinicaltrials.gov.

Design and evaluation of an ontology-based tool for generating multiple-choice questions

Purpose The recent rise in online knowledge repositories and use of formalism for structuring knowledge, such as ontologies, has provided necessary conditions for the emergence of tools for generating knowledge assessment. These tools can be used in a context of interactive computer-assisted assessment (CAA) to provide a cost-effective solution for prompt feedback and increased learner’s engagement. The purpose of this paper is to describe and evaluate a tool developed by the authors, which generates test questions from an arbitrary domain ontology, based on sound pedagogical principles encapsulated in Bloom’s taxonomy. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses design science as a framework for presenting the research. A total of 5,230 questions were generated from 90 different ontologies and 81 randomly selected questions were evaluated by 8 CAA experts. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Kruskal–Wallis test for non-parametric analysis of variance. Findings In total, 69 per cent of generated questions were found to be useable for tests and 33 per cent to be of medium to high difficulty. Significant differences in quality of generated questions were found across different ontologies, strategies for generating distractors and Bloom’s question levels: the questions testing application of knowledge and the questions using semantic strategies were perceived to be of the highest quality. Originality/value The paper extends the current work in the area of automated test generation in three important directions: it introduces an open-source, web-based tool available to other researchers for experimentation purposes; it recommends practical guidelines for development of similar tools; and it proposes a set of criteria and standard format for future evaluation of similar systems.

Quantum technologies of forming semantic reading strategies at students – future teachers

The paper considers the problem of forming the semantic reading strategies at students - future teachers as that being the universal educational actions [hereinafter - UEA], which they should master in the university in order to be able to use them in teaching schoolchildren. These requirements are set forth in the Federal State Educational Standards for Higher Education [hereinafter referred to as the Standard] and in the Standards for Primary General, Basic General, Secondary General Education [hereinafter referred to as the Standards for General Education], which defines the lines of their continuity. Relevance of the problem is the need to develop of semantic reading strategies for the students - future teachers - to work with students in accordance with the requirements of General education Standards, on the one hand. On the other hand, first-year students who are starting to study pedagogy, did not study at school according to the new Standards and do not know the strategies of semantic reading. Modern children have changed a lot over the past decades (they have a new "system-semantic type of consciousness"), and in a different way than adults perceive, process and assimilate information, which requires the development of new approaches and technologies for their education and upbringing. Purpose of the paper is to reveal the essence and specifics of innovative quantum technologies aimed at forming semantic reading strategies at students – future teachers as universal educational actions, which will ensure the continuity of educational programs of general education and pedagogical education. The methodological basis of the problem under study is the psycholinguistics of child development (within the framework of the A.A. Leontyev’s scientific school), which studies the issues of the interconnected development of personality and consciousness of up-to-date children in the process of mastering speech activity in the context of multilingual education (in their native, non-native, foreign language, “subject language”). In the course of the study, the following methods were used: comparative analysis of scientific papers, questionnaires, training experiment, Quantum express method, analysis and evaluation of students' activity products. The results of the study confirmed the hypothesis and proved the effectiveness of Quantum technologies for forming semantic reading strategies based on the Quantum express method. In the course of studying the discipline "Pedagogy", students mastered the strategies of semantic reading, everyone was able to prepare a "student's Pedagogical Navigator" as a product of project research activities.

Assessment of resource and self-regulation of behavior of students with different sense-forming strategies during the session in remote format behavior

The study of the meaning-forming strategies of students studying the specialty "Psychology". The features of resource capacity, styles of self-regulation of behavior, emotional tone and mental activation of students with various semantic strategies during the session in a remote format were studied. In conclusion, conclusions and recommendations are presented with suggestions for using the results in the training of future psychologists.

A Semantic Approach for Entity Linking by Diverse Knowledge Integration incorporating Role-Based Chunking

Web-data has seen an exponential rise in the past few years. With the increase in the data on the web, the process of associating entities with required knowledge becomes extremely difficult. Linking entities not only becomes a tedious task but also requires the right association of knowledge with the right techniques. With the development of the Semantic Web in recent times, semantic strategies are required to represent, reason and link entities. In this paper, an entity linking approach that rightly associates personalities has been proposed. The proposed algorithm encompasses role-based chunking along with a fragmented parse tree generation. The proposed strategy performs Entity Linking by JSON fragmented parse tree generation and recommends the entities based on the semantic score generated by computing the concept similarity. The knowledge is supplied by a role-based Ontology modeled for various famous personalities. An accuracy of 89.77% is achieved for role-based entity linking which is much better and reliable than the existing strategies, especially when a large number of trials were conducted for the Indian Context.

Стратегии смыслового чтения аутентичных текстов историко-культурного содержания в обучении РКИ

The article deals with one of the current problems of modern methodology of teaching Russian as a foreign language and considers the importance of mastering semantic reading strategies. Special attention is paid to techniques of working with authentic texts of the historical and cultural context in the process of teaching Russian to Chinese students.

THE GREATER MEDITERRANEAN IN THE DISCOURSE OF RESEARCH AND EXPERT ANALYTICS CENTERS

The article presents the analysis of current research trends and analytical developments in studies of the Mediterranean as a multi-component region by research and expert analytics institutions. The macro region of the Greater Mediterranean in contemporary world is a hub of international social, cultural and media communication network. Due to the increasing interest in the region, the demand for analyzing specifics of semantic flows and discourse strategies of key think tanks and research institutions of the macro region increases, which, eventually, allows us to update the model of Russia’s use of “soft power” in the region. The authors of the article emphasize that modern Russia is an active player in the macroregion of the Greater Mediterranean. In this regard, Russia’s “smart power” is crucial in the process of building the Greater Mediterranean macro region and promotion of Russia’s image as an important and effective stakeholder in the Mediterranean.

Estrategias de traducción de la hipotiposis en dos versiones en español de “In the Cave of the Children’s Ghosts”, de Lafcadio Hearn

La literatura de viajes se caracteriza por el uso de recursos retóricos descriptivos, en específico, la hipotiposis. Esta estrategia predomina en “In the Cave of the Children's Ghosts”, de Lafcadio Hearn, un relato sobre una visita a las cuevas de Kukedo. El objetivo de este artículo es comparar segmentos del texto con dos traducciones al español realizadas por José Manuel de Prada Samper y Esteve Serra para determinar el tipo de estrategias predominantes en el manejo de este recurso retórico. Según el marco descriptivo de Andrew Chesterman, las estrategias de traducción se clasifican en sintácticas, semánticas o pragmáticas, y su detección en un texto meta puede dar indicios de los objetivos de los traductores. En el caso que nos ocupa, la traducción literal predomina, pero también se acude a estrategias semánticas y pragmáticas para producir equivalentes de los recursos retóricos del texto fuente o para explicitar sus contenidos.

Differences in Semantic Memory Encoding Strategies in Young, Healthy Old and MCI Patients.

Associative processes, such as the encoding of associations between words in a list, can enhance episodic memory performance and are thought to deteriorate with age. Here, we examine the nature of age-related deficits in the encoding of associations, by using a free recall paradigm with visual arrays of objects. Fifty-five participants (26 young students; 20 cognitive healthy older adults; nine patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment, MCI) were shown multiple slides (experimental trials), each containing an array of nine common objects for recall. Most of the arrays contained three objects from three semantic categories, each. In the remaining arrays, the nine objects were unrelated. Eye fixations were also monitored during the viewing of the arrays, in a subset of the participants. While for young participants the immediate recall was higher for the semantically related arrays, this effect was diminished in healthy elderly and totally absent in MCI patients. Furthermore, only in the young group did the sequence of eye fixations show a semantic scanning pattern during encoding, even when the related objects were non- adjacent in the array. Healthy elderly and MCI patients were not influenced by the semantic relatedness of items during the array encoding, to the same extent as young subjects, as observed by a lack of (or reduced) semantic scanning. The results support a version of the encoding of the association aging-deficit hypothesis.

The influence of an emotional processing strategy on visual threat detection by police trainees and officers

SummaryThreat detection is an important skill for police officers, but few studies have examined the impact of processing strategies on this ability. The first aim of our study was to compare the visual detection of threatening and neutral targets in 38 police trainees and 53 police officers. The other aims were to examine the effect of emotional or semantic strategies on this process and the effect of psychopathological symptoms. In a visual search task, participants had to detect a threatening or neutral target among neutral distractors. Participants answered a question used to induce a more emotional or semantic processing strategy. Results revealed that threatening targets were detected faster than neutral ones. This effect was enhanced with an emotional processing strategy but unaffected by symptoms. Processing strategy also had led to faster reaction time overall. This study shows that inducing processing strategies can influence threat detection in police trainees and officers.

Enhancing relational care through expressions of gratitude: insights from a historical case study of almoner–patient correspondence

This paper considers insights for contemporary medical practice from an archival study of gratitude in letters exchanged between almoners at London’s Brompton Hospital and patients treated at the Hospital’s tuberculosis...

Pejorative Terms and the Semantic Strategy

Christopher Hom has recently argued that the best-overall account of the meaning of pejorative terms is a semantic account according to which pejoratives make a distinctive truth-conditional contribution, and in particular express complex, negative socially constructed properties. In addition, Hom supplements the semantic account with a pragmatic strategy to deal with the derogatory content of occurrences of pejorative terms in negations, conditionals, attitude reports, and so on, according to which those occurrences give rise to conversational implicatures to the effect that the pejorative terms are non-empty, which explains the offensiveness of those occurrences. In this paper, I aim to defend this semantic strategy from several recent objections, and I will also present a novel objection, which in my view shows that we should understand the semantic account as a version of inferentialism, rather than radical externalism.

Refusal and Politeness Strategies of Malay Speakers of English As A Second Language

Politeness is an essential part in human communication. It plays a pivotal role in establishing and maintaining good relationships and social harmony. It is reflected by linguistic and non-linguistic behavior through which we indicate that we take others’ feelings of how they should be treated into account. The present study investigated the application of politeness strategies through the linguistic behaviour of twelve Malay English as a second language (MSE) undergraduate students when refusing their higher status interlocutor’s scholarship offer to pursue their studies at an overseas university. Selection of participants was based on a purposive sampling and on the students’ MUET results. The study examined how these students employed politeness strategies as they struggled to find an equilibrium between defending their stance of not accepting the scholarship and at the same time maintaining civility towards a persistent university officer. Data on refusal interactions between the students and the university officer were obtained through an open role-play which were transcribed, classified into semantic refusal strategies, categorized into the types of sequence orders of the strategies and finally classified according to Brown and Levinson’s politeness strategies. The repertoire of MSE refusal strategies reveals positive politeness to be dominant followed by bald-on-record while negative politeness was employed minimally. Using a combination of these three types of politeness, the MSE refusal interactions show variation of politeness ranging from less to more polite. The study revealed that the degree of politeness depend very much on participants’ effort to adapt to the context of situation. The variation of strategies which reflect different degree of politeness generated by the study would be useful as pragmatic input. This input could be utilized by English language teachers to raise pragmatic awareness and to develop their students’ ability to use socially appropriate language for the situation they encounter.

MODELLING SEMANTIC DERIVATION: SEMANTIC SHIFT STRATEGIES OF IRRATIONAL VOCABULARY IN ENGLISH

The paper focuses on the semantic derivation models of irrational vocabulary – a semantic class of words that denote the situation of experience that is not based on logical reasoning or clear thinking. The study shows the characteristics of the development of an irrational vocabulary semantic paradigm and reveals semantic derivation models of irrational verbs and adjectives in the English language. It is posited that semantic derivation strategies are realised simultaneously with the changes of the situation and actants profiles. The change of a situation profile suggests the shift in the experiencer’s vantage point, i.e. gnoseological (either perceptual or evaluative) position from which a situation is considered. The change of an actant profile provides for the shifts at the level of participants and their characteristics. The changes are thought to determine the types (models) of semantic shift strategies that underlie the development of the irrational words’ semantic paradigms. The analysis of the semantic shift strategies of irrational verbs and adjectives in English shows that the concept of irrationality may extend to the boundaries of the internal (occurring within the hierarchy of the person’s inner systems) and external (occurring within the hierarchy of the person’s values) conceptual domains. The study concludes that irrational verbs and adjectives in English may apply to the following semantic shift strategies: role (reduced to the changes of the participant’s type or structure), pragmatic (reduced to the changes of the participant’s communicative rank), deictic (reduced to the changes of the participant’s positional characteristics) and taxonomic (reduced to the changes of the participant’s categorical class).

Is it dangerous? The role of an emotional visual search strategy and threat-relevant training in the detection of guns and knives.

Counter-terrorism strategies rely on the assumption that it is possible to increase threat detection by providing explicit verbal instructions to orient people's attention to dangerous objects and hostile behaviours in their environment. Nevertheless, whether verbal cues can be used to enhance threat detection performance under laboratory conditions is currently unclear. In Experiment 1, student participants were required to detect a picture of a dangerous or neutral object embedded within a visual search display on the basis of an emotional strategy 'is it dangerous?' or a semantic strategy 'is it an object?'. The results showed a threat superiority effect that was enhanced by the emotional visual search strategy. In Experiment 2, whilst trainee police officers displayed a greater threat superiority effect than student controls, both groups benefitted from performing the task under the emotional than semantic visual search strategy. Manipulating situational threat levels (high vs. low) in the experimental instructions had no effect on visual search performance. The current findings provide new support for the language-as-context hypothesis. They are also consistent with a dual-processing account of threat detection involving a verbally mediated route in working memory and the deployment of a visual template developed as a function of training.

A Fuzzy Clustering Based Approach for Heavy Tail Weight in Web Data

A distributed frameworks cluster is a gathering of machines that are for all intents and purposes or topographically isolated and that cooperate to give a similar services or application to customers in web application. It is conceivable that huge numbers of the services you keep running in your system today are a piece of a distributed system cluster. Cluster is a vital information mining procedure which expects to isolate the information objects into important gatherings called as groups. It is the way toward gathering objects into bunches to such an extent that items from a similar group are comparable and objects from various groups is unique. In information mining, information bunching has been examined for long time utilizing diverse calculations and ordinary patterns are proposed for better results around tailed data. The fuzzy semantic strategy is look at to group the overwhelming followed information by utilizing some technique for remove. An appraisal thinks about is introduced in view of time and exactness. In this method proposed here is evaluated to other relational clustering schemes using various propinquity matrices as input. Simulations demonstrate the scheme to be very effectual.

Eliciting Public Display Awareness and Engagement: An Experimental Study and Semantic Strategy

ABSTRACTAs displays move from the desktop and mobile world to situated urban and public spaces, these mixed use interfaces will continue to pose both opportunities and challenges for architects and product designers alike. In particular, the ability to visually communicate interface modality on a platform that supports both public and private interactions. To address this challenge starts with eliciting user attention and awareness with the goal of creating direct user engagement with the screen. Although other researchers have explored the topic of attention and public displays, our interdisciplinary team leveraged a far more fundamental product semantic strategy. Using the linguistic concept of ‘complementation’ we conducted a field study (n = 32) implementing both implicit and explicit screen based prompts. The results from the quantitative experiment show a foundational semantic approach to “coupled signals” that can be applied to a large range of design applications.

Design of visual communication based on deep learning approaches

Aiming at the problem of object recognition caused by small object scale, multi-interaction (occlusion), and strong hiding characteristics in the scene analysis task, an object-region-enhanced network based on deep learning was proposed. The network integrated two core modules designed for the task: object area enhancement strategy and black-hole-filling strategy. The former directly corresponded the object region with high semantic confidence to the local region of the specific category channel of the convolutional feature image. Weighted features were used to improve contextual relationships, and difficult object regions were identified. The latter avoided the mistake of identifying some difficult areas as additional background classes by masking additional background classes. The results showed that the modular design scheme improved the overall parsing performance of the model by replacing the modules, and the two strategies were applied to other existing scenario parsing networks. A unified framework is proposed for handling scene resolution tasks. Benefiting from the modular design approach, the proposed algorithm improves overall performance by replacing convolution or detection modules. Object enhancement and black hole filling are applied to other systems to improve the system’s ability to parse objects. Object area enhancement methods are used to recall objects that are not recognized in a standard split network. Black hole fill techniques can be used to resolve pixels that are incorrectly categorized into additional background classes that do not exist. Therefore, a variety of contextual semantic fusion strategies have certain reference value in the theoretical level of computer vision. More critically, this method has certain reference significance for the design and development of robust and practical application systems.

Translation Analysis of Swear Words in The Wolf of Wall Street Movie

Swear words are used in daily conversation with their own intention but there will be a problem when it comes to translate the swear words into other language due to the differences of culture. The translator should adjust his/her translation to the culture of the target language. The rate of politeness is also an aspect which should be concerned in translating swearwords especially in Asian countries like Indonesia. Several experts have proposed some translation theories to solve this problem. This descriptive research aims to analyze what strategies used in translating swear words in The Wolf of Wall Street movie. The data taken for this study is the English transcription and its Indonesian subtitle of the movie. There are 35 data obtained for this analysis are from The Wolf of Wall Street movie. This study employed descriptive qualitative method within the parameter of case study. The results of this study showed that there are three strategies used in translating swear words; Syntactic Strategy, Semantic Strategy and Pragmatic Strategy. Keywords: swear words, translation, strategy DOI : 10.7176/JLLL/54-07 Publication date :March 31 st 2019

The Creation of Wing Tsun – A German Case Study

Ip Man’s immigration to Hong Kong in 1949, followed by Bruce Lee’s sudden fame as a martial arts superstar after 1971, ensured that wing chun kung fu, a previously obscure hand combat style from Guangdong Province, would become one of the most globally popular Chinese martial arts. Yet this success has not been evenly distributed. Despite its cultural and geographic distance from Hong Kong, Germany now boasts a number of wing chun practitioners that is second only to China. The following article draws on the prior work of Judkins and Nielson [2015], as well as on systems theory, to understand possible reasons for why this is the case. Drawing on both local historical sources and various theoretical approaches, we outline which constellations, structures, and semantic strategies proved decisive.