Semantic Strategy Research Articles

Semantic Strategies in the Indonesian Translation of The Tales of Beedle the Bard

This translation analysis research aims to find semantic strategies contained in the Indonesian translation of The Tales of Beedle the Bard book and how the translators implemented them. The semantic strategies used are the theories suggested by Andrew Chesterman. Those semantic strategies include nine categories, namely synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, converses, abstraction change, distribution change, emphasis change, paraphrase, and trope changes. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data are collected with purposive sampling and then analyzed with stratified sampling. The result shows that there are sixty-eight data found that cover all of the nine semantic strategies: two synonymies, six antonymies, ten hyponymies, two converses, two abstraction changes, fifteen distribution changes, seven emphasis changes, twenty-two paraphrases, and two trope changes. In this research, the researcher aspires to be able to broaden her own insights—as well as the readers’—about semantic strategies in translation. Therefore, this comprehension of translation strategies and theories can be helpful for upcoming translation research and projects.

Methodological Analysis of Strategies and Tactics in Literary Discourse

The objective of this paper is analysis of the prevalent strategies and tactics of evaluation used in the literary discourse. Evaluation is regarded as a cognitive-communica­tive phenomenon. It is viewed as the essential part of human comprehension and reflection of the outer reality. The pragmatic aspect of strategies and tactics is considered as the major means of expressing the author’s intention and the goal. All evaluation strategies and tactics used in the literary discourse are divided into two groups: semantic and pragmatic. The semantic strategies consist of the persuasion strategy and the discrediting strategy, and the pragmatic ones contain the emotive-tuning strategies and the self-presentation strategy. The results achieved confirm the idea that strategies and tactics of evaluation must undergo profound and detailed analysis in order to reveal the complex process of communication in the literary discourse.

Phonological and semantic strategies in a letter fluency task for people with Alzheimer's disease.

This study investigated whether employing a phonological or semantic strategy elicited a better performance on a letter fluency task for people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Sixty participants with probable AD were extracted from the DementiaBank database. After applying exclusion criteria, 47 participants were included in the final analysis. We used phonological and semantic strategies to analyze participants' responses to the letter fluency task. The phonological strategy analysis was based on the number of switches and the mean cluster size, and the semantic strategy analysis was based on semantic relatedness, which quantified word-similarity change by adapting the concept of persistence length from analyses of DNA and protein structures. We employed Pearson correlation coefficients to determine whether any strategy indexes were significantly related to the number of correct responses and used stepwise multiple regression analyses to determine the best predictor. Participants who relied on phonological strategy performed better on the letter fluency task. The number of correct responses was significantly positively correlated with phonological strategy but significantly negatively correlated with semantic strategy. The number of switches, mean cluster size, and semantic relatedness were all significant predictors, explaining 68.1% of the variance. Our results suggested that individuals with AD who engaged in phonological strategy performed better on the letter fluency task than those who relied on semantic strategy.

Translation Analysis: Syntactic, Semantic, and Pragmatic Strategies Used in Translating A Website of an Academic Institution

This research aims to discover the emerging translation strategies and the types of translation strategies most frequently used on a website of an academic institution. In finding the data, the researcher employs the descriptive qualitative method by applying the translation strategy theory proposed by Andrew Chesterman in the form of syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic strategies on a website of an academic institution such as the Universitas Hasanuddin website. There are 11 emerging translation strategies on the website; 4 Syntactic Strategies (Literal, Loan/Calque, Transposition, and Phrase Structural Change), 4 Semantic Strategies (Synonymy, Hyponymy, Distribution Change, and Pharaprase), and 3 Pragmatic Strategies (Explicitness Change, Information Change, and Transediting). The result shows that the most frequently used translation strategy is Syntactic Strategies (Literal 60% or 44 data, Loan/Calque 23% or 17 data, Transposition 8% or 6 data, and Phrase Structural Change also 8% or 6 data). Then the second one is Semantic Strategies (Synonymy 7% or 1 datum, Hyponymy 7% or 1 datum, Distribution Change 64% or 9 data, and Pharaprase 21% or 3 data), and last is Pragmatic Strategies (Explicitness Change 8% or 1 datum, Information Change 85% or 11 data, and Transediting 8% or 1 datum).

Radical Creative Semantic Anchoring: Creative-action metaphors and timbral interaction

This paper explores participatory and socially engaged practices in ubiquitous music (ubimus). We discuss recent advances that target timbre as their focus while incorporating semantic strategies for knowledge transfer among participants. Creative Semantic Anchoring (ASC from the original in Portuguese) is a creative-action metaphor that shows promising preliminary results in collaborative asynchronous activities. Given its grounding in local resources and its support for explicit knowledge, ASC features a good potential to boost socially distributed knowledge. We discuss three strategies that consolidate and expand this approach within ubiquitous music and propose the label Radical ASC. We investigate the implications of this framework through the analysis of two artistic projects:AtravessamentosandNtrallazzu.

Finance Film on Must-See Lists: A Tale of Positivization

Abstract The article shows the way must-see film lists hosted by financial publications positivize, after the 2008 crisis, the message of feature and documentary films representing finance. Here positivization refers to the detouring or softening of the critical edge of the message of a film in the interests of the hosting website and the profession of finance in general. Emphasis falls on financial literacy and on a film’s artistic prestige and entertainment potential. The author argues that positivization is a semantic strategy indicative of a neoliberal business ontology that informs the interpretation of cultural artifacts. It instrumentalizes signification processes in order to foreground exchange value and present film reception as an investment in human capital.

Strategy and Quality of Translation of Nusantara Culinary Terms from Indonesian into Arabic

<p>The development of the Nusantara culinary industry throughout the world shows that Nusantara culinary products are a prospective business opportunity. The presence of Nusantara culinary as a business opportunity in the world requires an understanding of culinary terms in promoting Nusantara culinary terms. One of the areas that makes Nusantara culinary a culinary business opportunity is the Middle East region. The massive use of Arabic in the Middle East requires the equivalent of Nusantara culinary terms in Arabic as well. This requires a translation process between Indonesian and Arabic. This study describes the strategy of translating Indonesian-Arabic Nusantara culinary terms. Data were collected from various corpus of data in the form of 3 Indonesian-Arabic dictionaries and 1 internet page source. The findings of the translation strategy are in the form of 204 data on the translation of three types of Indonesian-Arabic Nusantara culinary terms. The findings of the syntactic strategy there are 4 types of syntactic translation strategies applied, namely literal translation of 17 (8.5%) data, 17 (8.5%), borrowing of 17 (8.5%), unit shifting 160 (80%), and changing the phrase structure 6 (3%) data. There is only one type of semantic strategy application, namely hyponyms as much as 82 (40%) data. The implementation of the pragmatic strategy found two strategies, namely cultural filtering of 11 (5.4%) data and changing of information as much as 8 (3.9%) data. The results of the assessment of the quality of the translation of the Nusantara culinary term obtained a level of accuracy that is less accurate, acceptability is less acceptable, and legibility is legible.</p>

TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF IDIOMS IN NOVEL CRAZY RICH ASIANS: SEMANTIC APPROACH

The purpose of the research is to figure out how to translate idioms from English into Indonesian. The data were taken from a novel Crazy Rich Asian by Kevin Kwan and its translation into Kaya Tujuh Turunan by Cindy Kristanto. Because the meaning of an idiom cannot be translated from each of its terms, the application of appropriate methodologies to translate idioms affects the idiom translation. Many English idioms have the same meaning as idiomatic expressions, but they are expressed in different ways. Other idioms do not have equivalent idioms, so they were translated using the free translation method.. The method of this study is a descriptive qualitative method research. There were 325 data which were analyzed qualitatively to determine the types of idioms and what semantic strategies were employed. The result shows that paraphrase dominated of all idiom types with 83 data, followed by synonym 73 data, Emphasis change 66 data, abstraction change 62 data and distribution change 41 data. The author conducted research on the relevance of understanding idioms and how to use them more effectively.

Translating Arabic Aphorismsi into Indonesian Language: Its Strategies and Equivalence | Tarjamah Al-Hikam Al-'Arabīyah ilā Al-Lughah Al-Indūnīsīyāh: Istirātījīyātuhā wa At-Takāfu' Fīhā

This research aims to reveal the strategies used in translating Arabic aphorisms into Indonesian language and to measure the equivalence at word level in the book entitled Seratus Mahfudzot written by As’ad Humam (1994). This qualitative study was performed in a descriptive analysis based on the theory of translation strategies which were limited to structural and semantic strategies of Suryawinata and Hariyanto (2003) and the theory of equivalence at word level of Baker (2001). Triangulation of data sources was used to validate research findings. From 150 words that have been analyzed, the results highlighted 9 strategies that were applied as followed: 60 (40%) additions, 16 (10.67%) subtractions, 22 (14.67%) transpositions, 4 (2.67%) modulations, 32 (21.33%) borrowings, 5 (3.33%) cultural equivalents, 3 (2%) synonyms, 3 (2%) reductions, and 5 (3.33%) expansions. The equivalence at word level reached 74%, whereas 26% were found non-equivalent. It strengthens the assumption that there are characteristic difference and similarity between Arabic and Indonesian to take into consideration in translation.

Shaping the migrant: Semantic strategies to portray inward and outward migrants as social actors in the Arab press

The present work proposes to explore the discourse on migration in Arabic language media outlets. Present scientific literature in discourse analysis studies consistently analyzed discourses on migration and displayed the consistency of its features. In this paper, we will analyze how the Arabic discourse on migration in the Mediterranean area, either inbound or outbound, are realized and if they are shaped by the European discourse (mediatic, political, institutional), in order to add an Arabic language contribution to the scientific discussion. The research showed that, while most established categories typical of discourses of racism were present, others were put into discussion, and a context-bound system of representation emerged, with its specificities concerning the reality of migration into and from Arabic countries. However, the European discourse resulted a strong presence, even in the representation of outbound migration of the specific ingroup.

Influence of Menstrual Cycle Length and Age at Menarche on Symptoms, Cognition, Social Cognition, and Metacognition in Patients with First-Episode Psychosis

A protective effect has traditionally been attributed to estrogen in psychotic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate cumulative lifetime estrogen by assessing the menstrual cycle length, age at menarche, and years of difference between the onset of psychotic symptoms and the age of menarche, measuring their effects on symptoms, cognition, social cognition, and metacognition. As it was not possible to directly measure cumulative estrogen levels over the lifetime of a patient, the study sample was composed of 42 women with first-episode psychosis; estrogen levels were inferred by the menstrual cycle length, age at menarche, and years of difference between the onset of psychotic symptoms and menarche. All patients were assessed with a battery of questionnaires using the BDI, PSYRATS, PANSS, STROOP, TAVEC, WSCT, IPSAQ, and BCIS questionnaires. The results related to menstrual cycle length showed a relationship with memory; specifically, shorter cycles with semantic strategies (p = 0.046) and longer cycles with serial strategies in the short term (p = 0.005) as well as in the long term (p = 0.031). The results also showed a relationship with perseverative errors (p = 0.035) and self-certainty (p = 0.049). Only personalized bias (p = 0.030) was found to be significant in relation to the age at menarche. When analyzing the differences in years of difference between the age at menarche and the onset of psychotic symptoms, the results indicated lower scores in women with a smaller difference between both events in memory (short-term (p = 0.050), long-term (p = 0.024), intrusions (p = 0.013), and recognition (p = 0.043)) and non-perseverative errors (p = 0.024). No relationship was found between symptoms and menstrual characteristics. The investigatory outcomes seem to indicate a relationship between estrogen cumulative effects and the memory domain. More in-depth investigations in the field are necessary in order to improve personalized treatment in women with psychosis.

Optimal trained long short-term memory for opinion mining: A hybrid semantic knowledgebase approach

This study describes a Hybrid Semantic Knowledgebase-Machine Learning strategy for mining the domain feature-level opinions and categorizing them on a multi-point scale. The proposed work is constructed by following the six major stages: “(a) Pre-processing, (b) Domain Feature Extraction, (c) Sentiment Extraction, (d) Domain Feature-Sentiment Association, (e) Domain Feature Polarity, (f) Knowledgebase Enrichment and (g) Opinion Classification with optimized deep learning model”. The proposed method is divided into several levels, each of which is designed to solve the opinion mining challenges at “domain feature level”. Initially, from the collected reviews, the domain features as well as semantics are extracted. Subsequently, in the Domain feature-sentiment association stage, the extracted filtered domain features are associated with their corresponding extracted sentiments acquired from the Sentiment Extraction phase. Once, the sentiments and the features are associated, the polarity of the feature sentiment pairs are computed using the sentiment aggregation function, which assigns a score to the features based on its proximity. Then, in the Knowledgebase enrichment stage, the initial review knowledgebase was used to bootstrap the domain feature extraction process, which is further enriched with new semantic information related to the analyzed review and the corresponding extracted domain features. Eventually, in the Opinion classification phase, a new optimized deep learning classifier, the optimized Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is introduced. The optimized LSTM is trained with the semantic information acquired from the enriched knowledge base and the statistical features created by Vector Space Model. Moreover, to enhance the classification accuracy of the LSTM, an Improved Butterfly Optimization Algorithm is introduced to fine-tune the weight of the model. Finally, the performance of the proposed work is evaluated over the conventional models.

TRANSLATION STRATEGIES IN ENGLISH-INDONESIA STORY ENTITLED THE IMPORTANCE OF FULFILLING PROMISES

This research is about translation strategies that are found in short story entitled The Importance of Fulfilling Promise. According to Chesterman (1997), there are three types of translation strategy, namely syntactic strategy, semantic strategy and pragmatic strategy. The problem of the research is what translation strategies that are used in English-Indonesia translation of short story entitled The Importance of Fulfilling Promises. The objective of the research is to find out what translation strategies that are used in English-Indonesia translation of short story entitled The Importance of Fulfilling Promises. The writer used descriptive qualitative method in analyzing the data. After the writer analyzed the data, the writer found 21 of translation strategy that the translator used in translating a short story entitled The Importance of Fulfilling Promise, namely 9 syntactic strategy (2 literal translation, 2 calque, 2 phrase structure change, 2 cohesion change, 1 sentence structure change), 4 semantic strategy (2 synonymy and 2 emphasis change), and 8 pragmatic strategy (6 explicitness change and 2 illocutionary). Therefore, the total of data that the writer found is 21 data translation strategy.

The Effectiveness of the Semantic Map Strategy in Developing the Meta-Cognitive Thinking Skills of Secondary Stage Students in Social Studies in Kuwait

هدفت الدراسة الحالية للتعرف على فاعلية استراتيجية الخريطة الدلالية في تنمية مهارات الوعي فوق المعرفي لدى طلبة المرحلة الثانوية في مبحث الدراسات الاجتماعية بدولة الكويت، تكون أفراد الدراسة من طلاب الصف الحادي عشر في مدرسة سعد بن ربيع الأنصاري الثانوية للبنين، حيث بلغ عدد أفراد الدراسة (44) طالباً، تم اختيارهم بالطريقة القصدية، وتقسيمهم إلى مجموعتين عشوائيًا: مجموعة تجريبية، ومجموعة ضابطة، بواقع (22) طالباً، لكل مجموعة، اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج شبه التجريبي، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة قام الباحث بتطوير مقياس مهارات الوعي فوق المعرفي، والتحقق من خصائصه السيكومترية قبل تطبيقه، وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود فروق ظاهرية بين متوسط أداء أفراد المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة، على مقياس مهارات الوعي فوق المعرفي، ولصالح المجموعة التجريبية. وفي ضوء نتائج الدراسة أوصى الباحث بعدة توصيات منها تشجيع معلمي المواد الاجتماعية، وبخاصة معلمي علم النفس على اتباع استراتيجية الخرائط الدلالية في تدريس المادة.

The Motor Action Analysis Based on Deep Learning

For the slow speed and low accuracy of slow motor action recognition methods, this study proposes a motor action analysis method based on the CNN network and the softmax classification model. First, in order to obtain motor action feature information, by using static spatial features of BN-inception based on CNN network extracted actions and high-dimensional features of 3D ConvNet, then based on softmax classifier structure and realizing taxonomic recognition of the motor actions. Finally, through the decision-layer fusion and time semantic continuity optimization strategy, the motion action recognition accuracy is further improved and the more efficient motion action classification recognition is realized. The results show that the proposed method can complete the motor action analysis and achieve the classification recognition accuracy to 83.11%, which has certain practical value.

The Use of Phonological and Semantic Strategies in Written Word Learning Among Chinese Children With Dyslexia

The present study investigated the phonological and semantic aspects of written word learning among children with dyslexia, taking into account their use of phonetic and semantic cues embedded in words. Fifty-three Mandarin-speaking fifth graders were taught the pronunciations and meanings of 24 Chinese single-character pseudowords (children with dyslexia: n = 27; age-matched peers: n = 26). The regularity of phonetic cues and the transparency of semantic cues embedded in the characters were experimentally manipulated. Children’s learning outcomes in orthography-to-pronunciation associations (learning the pronunciations of novel characters) and orthography-to-meaning associations (learning the meanings of novel characters) were examined separately. Results indicated that children with dyslexia performed more poorly than did their peers only in the learning stage of orthography-to-pronunciation learning. Otherwise, children with dyslexia demonstrated comparable performance in orthography-to-meaning learning, in the use of embedded pronunciation and meaning cues, and in retention of learning in comparison with their peers. Children applied phonetic and semantic cues jointly in the learning stage. For the 1-week retention, phonetic cues supported children’s performance on the task of orthography-to-pronunciation associations, whereas semantic cues aided in that of orthography-to-meaning associations. These findings expand our knowledge of children with dyslexia and provide insights for future reading interventions.

Semantic Interaction Strategy of Multiagent System in Large-Scale Intelligent Sensor Network Environment

In a multiagent system, the semantic interaction between agents is an important aspect affecting multi-intelligence. The purpose of interaction is to reasonably arrange task objectives and behaviors through information sharing and communication interaction, so as to maximize the overall performance of multiagent system. This paper analyzes the communication and interaction process between agents from the perspective of semantic layer and introduces the BDI (belief, desire, intention) model of agent’s thinking state into the communication and interaction process. Furthermore, we propose a multiagent semantic interaction strategy model based on a large-scale intelligent sensor network, which supports various types of negotiation and interaction on the basis of basic interaction behavior to solve the problem of information operational conflicts. In addition, this paper limits the scale of historical information through the definition of equivalence and the merging theorem of history, and it uses reinforcement learning algorithm to detect possible conflicts and delay communication and makes rational use of limited resources to improve system revenue and coordination efficiency. The experimental results show that compared with the previous methods such as debate and negotiation, the strategy model can realize the flexible interaction based on scene and is more practical. At the same time, the existence of reinforcement learning improves the efficiency analysis and the convergence performance of semantic interaction strategy.

More Clarity about Concessive Knowledge Attributions

Fallibilism is typically taken to face a problem from the apparent infelicity of concessive knowledge attributions (hereafter, CKAs). CKAs are of the form: “S knows that p, but it’s possible that q,” where q obviously entails not-p. CKAs sound to the ears of many philosophers as contradictory or infelicitous. But CKAs look to be overt statements of fallibilism, since if S fallibly knows that p, then she can’t properly rule out some possibility in which not-p. Do fallibilists, then, have some way of explaining the seeming infelicity of CKAs that doesn’t impugn the truth of fallibilism? Fallibilists think so. In this connection, there are two well-known responses to the problem: Patrick Rysiew’s pragmatic strategy and Jason Stanley’s semantic strategy. While both strategies have real virtues, there are aspects of each strategy that face certain complications. In this paper, I’ll outline those complications and I’ll develop some remedies to them. The aim of this paper will be to show that the challenge posed by CKAs isn’t a grave problem at all. In particular, I’ll argue that if the semantic strategy fails because CKAs really are overt statements of fallibilism, then there’s good reason to think that the pragmatic strategy succeeds, but if the pragmatic strategy fails because CKAs are obviously false or aren’t overt statements of fallibilism, then the semantic strategy succeeds. Thus, I’ll conclude that the problem for fallibilism posed by CKAs isn’t a grave problem at all.

Face and politeness in fandom in China

Face and politeness in fandom in the People's Republic of China are driven by a dominating focus on rank, which entails a prodigious amount of social media interaction, primarily occurring as posts and comments on the microblogging website Weibo. When interacting with their fellows in the same fandom, fans refer to a collective identity in order to maintain or enhance rapport with their interlocutors. Fan members use deliberately opaque and alien terminology for their in-group discussions, intertwining their fandom's discourse with that of their idols' fans and thereby intertwining notions of face. To further differentiate their fan base from other counterparts, thus reinforcing their collective identity as a distinctive community, fans use neologisms that are exclusive to their own fan space, thereby creating unconventional and discursive strategies of politeness similar to mock politeness. When preserving face, expressing politeness, and maintaining rapport with fellow fans, fans use carefully selected semantic strategies that act as epistemic stance markers. When interacting with idols, fans use self-referential terms that show politeness, giving face to idols and enhancing rapport between idols and fans.

Syntactic and Semantic Influences on the Time Course of Relative Clause Processing: The Role of Language Dominance

We conducted a visual world eye-tracking experiment with highly proficient Spanish-English bilingual adults to investigate the effects of relative language dominance, operationalized as a continuous, multidimensional variable, on the time course of relative clause processing in the first-learned language, Spanish. We found that participants exhibited two distinct processing preferences: a semantically driven preference to assign agency to referents of lexically animate noun phrases and a syntactically driven preference to interpret relative clauses as subject-extracted. Spanish dominance was found to exert a distinct influence on each of these preferences, gradiently attenuating the semantic preference while gradiently exaggerating the syntactic preference. While these results might be attributable to particular properties of Spanish and English, they also suggest a possible generalization that greater dominance in a language increases reliance on language-specific syntactic processing strategies while correspondingly decreasing reliance on more domain-general semantic processing strategies.