Semantic Side Research Articles

SYNTACTIC-SEMANTIC FEATURES OF MULTI-VERBS IN THE RUSSIAN AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

The article deals with semantic classes of verbs with different valences. Based on the interpretation of the semantic class of verbs, in the process of teaching the Russian language, semantic representations are used that are the result of the segmentation of the gestalt interpretation, so that the prepositional-case forms and verbs align the semantic in variants - the frame. From the point of view of semantics, the first actant is the subject of action, i.e. the one who performs the action; the second actant is an object that is impacted by a direct action object, a direct object; the third actant is an indirect or further object to whose benefit or to the detriment of which an indirect complement is performed. The semantic side of a sentence assumes its surface form, i.e. the sentence is considered as a sign that has a plan of content and a plan of expression. Both plans are closely related, but a comprehensive approach is needed to clarify the specifics of the organization of each of them and establish their relationship. L. Tenier also emphasized that trivalent verbs, the most structurally complex and the most difficult to master, fall out of the researcher's field of vision. Therefore, the selection of semantic classes of such verbs is of great theoretical and practical importance. The semantics of a verb includes the verb and subject features. The latter are the semantic basis of the valency of the verb. It can be assumed that as part of the semantic interpretation of the distributive-transformational scheme, the correlation between frames and the minimal interpretation determines the case value of each of the actants. To determine the meaning of the case, it is sufficient and necessary to refer the word of this case form to the distributional transformational feature and name the frame corresponding to the segment of interpretation of this noun.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-PERCEPTIONS AND CAREER ORIENTATIONS OF FUTURE TEACHERS

Self-image and career orientations determine the formation and development of the future teacher as part of career advancement and professional socialization. During university studies there is a formation and development of career orientations, as well as a change of self-perception in future teachers. By understanding the prospects for career advancement and comparing them with educational opportunities and abilities, the future teacher can successfully direct self-development at achieving career goals. The effectiveness of career planning of a teacher depends largely on his/her self-confidence and ideas about career orientations, his/her satisfaction with professional activity, the consistency of professional and personal development. Aim. The purpose of the article is to identify the relationship between self-image and career orientations of future teachers. Materials and methods. The study involved 162 students of the South Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University aged from 17 to 24 years. The study was based on two methods: “Career Anchors” (E. Shane), which determine the career orientations of a person; life-orientation (D.A. Leontiev), allowing to assess the degree of conviction of the subject in the ability to control his/her own life. To determine the relationship between the two variables, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used with SPSS Statistics v. 22. Results: an empirical study conducted on a sample of future teachers (n = 162) showed that there were significant correlations between self-perception and career orientations. Dependencies between two career orientations (“service”, “challenge”) with self-image (“The master of life”, “I control my life”), characterized by the ability to influence the life of the teacher, were revealed. The dominant (“work stability”, “service” and “integration of lifestyles”) and weakly expressed (“residence stability”) career orientations of future teachers were determined. It is shown that future teachers expressed a desire to shape themselves as a specialist, to transfer their experience and knowledge to their students, to embody their universal human, spiritual and moral values and ideas in their work. Students were convinced that they would be able to make the right decisions and cope with any professional difficulties. Conclusion. The results allow us to conclude that there are significant correlations between self-perceptions and career orientations in future teachers. Self-image largely determines the goals and values of the future teacher in the field of educational activities. Self-perception determines the semantic side of career orientations, while the degree of understanding of the leading career orientations affects the personal and professional development of students during training, as well as their ideas about themselves. By receiving education, future teachers strive for self-development and self-realization in the framework of "horizontal career" and clearly demonstrate their willingness to serve people and society, which confirms the need to support and develop the autopsychological competence of future teachers.

Determiners and Bare Nouns

Determiners and bare nouns raise questions about the interface between morphosyntax and semantics. On the syntactic side, the primary issue is whether bare nouns have a null determiner making all noun phrases structurally uniform. On the semantic side, the primary issue involves determining and deriving the range of permissible readings. Of primary significance are the availability of definite and indefinite readings for bare nouns and how such readings relate to the presence or absence of lexical exponents of (in)definiteness in a language. Further refinements include the special scope properties of kind terms versus regular indefinites, differences between singular and plural kind terms, number distinctions within the noun phrase, and the role of incorporation. We present the theoretical and typological advances that have been made in addressing these issues and identify which considerations are purely syntactic or purely semantic in nature and which considerations have implications for the interface.

Boosting Cross-Modal Retrieval With MVSE++ and Reciprocal Neighbors

In this paper, we propose to boost the cross-modal retrieval through mutually aligning images and captions on the aspects of both features and relationships. First, we propose a multi-feature based visual-semantic embedding (MVSE++) space to retrieve the candidates in another modality, which provides a more comprehensive representation of the visual content of objects and scene context in images. Thus, we have more potential to find a more accurate and detailed caption for the image. However, captioning concentrates the image contents by semantic description. The cross-modal neighboring relationships start from the visual and semantic sides are asymmetric. To retrieve a better cross-modal neighbor, we propose to re-rank the initially retrieved candidates according to the ${k}$ nearest reciprocal neighbors in MVSE++ space. The method is evaluated on the benchmark datasets of MSCOCO and Flickr30K with standard metrics. We achieve highe accuracy in caption retrieval and image retrieval at both R@1 and R@10.

ПРОСОДИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПОВТОРЕННЯ ЯК РИТОРИЧНИЙ ПРИЙОМ У ПУБЛІЧНІЙ ПРОМОВІ

The article deals with the peculiarities of the intonation design of certain elements of such rhetorical reception as a repetition on the material of audio recordings of Shakespeare's plays in chronology, namely rhetorical questions related to expressions of a peculiar interogative modality. The article deals with the results of the study of the invariant features of the prosody of the interrogative sentences in dramatic discourse in chronological terms. Repetition as a means of emotional enhancement is considered. In public speaking, repetition serves as a means of expressing a specific function of information - convincing which adds a rich emotional and intonational content. Through repetition, the speaker deepens the semantic side of speech and heightens emotional impact. Syntactic concurrency, which is realized in the combination of repetitions of syntactic constructions and various intensifiers, has been analyzed, which is perceived as rhythmicality. The syntactical parallelism of identical questions or sentences is amplified and correlated with the identical prosodic contour of intonation groups. To achieve an emotional effect, when presenting syntactically parallel interrogative constructions of the second and third questions, actors can violate the rule of normative intonation of a question, using a gradually ascending scale. Or, on the contrary, to adhere to the normative intonation contours, and design them according to the canonical rule.

Rosyjskie czasowniki ruchu wirowego w świetle metafory pojęciowej

In recent years linguistic studies have laid great emphasis on the semantic side of linguistic expressions. The aim of this paper is to introduce and describe the term “circular motion” viewed from the perspective of the conceptual metaphor in Russian. It describes the process of creating such metaphors based on the notions of source and target domains.

Семантика метра й ритму в перекладознавчій перспективі

Introduction . The article deals with semantic load bearing by metre and rhythm as poetry form means as a result of historical development within literature and culture tradition. Poem metrical form sign nature, its constant historically shaped semantic side that signalizes introduction of certain theme in certain interpretation as well as its preserving influence an adequate original poem form and content harmony reconstruction in translation are considered. Purpose. The present article aims to reveal the process and means of creation of macroimage structure form components semantics, namely metre and rhythm, and to investigate transformations they cause in translation. Methods. The multi-faceted and complex nature of poetical metre and rhythm semantics, the diversity of its linguistic realizations and the aims set above have determined it necessary to employ translatological method being a complex of methods and techniques of analysis. Results . Major attention in the article is focused on poetry forms semantics importance for the development of translation studies that considers translation as intercultural interaction as well as on the fact that only mastering that or other formal-expressive phenomena code of original poem enables to find translation functional analogues. The strategic essence of poetic translation is viewed here through the prisms of a poem structure transformation and poem translation process is considered to be its macroimage structure reimplementation by the target language means through the reconstruction of structure image components with preserving their semantic associative fields. Originality. The originality of the present article is seen in the generalized research of essentials that form metre and rhythm semantics of the source poem and the problem of its reproduction in translation as well as in identifying factors that make an impact on the translation adequacy. Conclusion . Poem metrical form performs a sign function, it has constant historically created semantic side signalizing the recipient of certain theme introduction. Metre and rhythm semantics has both historical and organic correlations with autosemantic and subsematic (implied sense) images, as well as with of the same level synsemantic images. Once semantic function of metre or other original poem form means is not rendered in translation , the image structure of the poem is ruined and the translation doesn’t reach the rank of being adequate. Sometime an opposite phenomena is observed in translation when original form and content harmony is not kept as a result of a form element semantic shift, that is being mechanically transferred into the target language it performs a stylistic function it did not in the source language and thus distorts the authors concept. To avoid a poem form and content correlation translators more often render not metre but rhythm since it has tighter bounds with a poem content. But in case original metre semantics is obvious its functional analogue is to be found.

РОЗРОБКА КАРТИ-ОСНОВИ ТА СЕМІОТИЧНИХ СКЛАДОВИХ ОКРЕМИХ СИНТЕЗОВАНИХ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ЗМІСТУ ІНТЕРАКТИВНОГО АТЛАСУ ВИЩОГО НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ЗАКЛАДУ ОСВІТНЬО-УПРАВЛІНСЬКОГО ТИПУ

The issue of cartosemiotics, support for the development of Interactive Atlas of Higher Education Institution (HEI), its mathematical basis-to display the Semitic components of the table of contents: a syntactic (space-defined) and of the semantic (meaningful) sides and their other components: signaling, coloro-thematic, pragmatic and stylistic, and also construction of characterizing elements of synthesized figures, which are distinguished in comparison with reflection of analytical Indicators Cartographic modeling in satin work educational and managerial type. The issues discussed are based on tracking the development stages of the general theory of cartographic from the period of its post-war prosperity (1940-1990), the period of the establishment of the technical development trend (visualization in geoinformatics) (1990-2010), to the consideration of the conceptual environment of the modern (up to 2020) the trend of the formation of the general theory of cartography. It is due to the definition of six (required, minimum necessary and sufficient) components of the normalized structure of the semiotic sides of the map. Due to this, the language of the map began to function, revealing the semiotic aspects of the content of any objects of study, cartosemiotics sides through the completed form as a perfect theory of the object language of the map. Considered methodological approaches, regarding the development of the interactive atlas of the university, reveal the essence of the cartosemiotic positions of cartographic modeling in education at the local level.

Мінітекст англомовного плаката періоду громадянської війни у США (1861–1865)

In spite of the fact that researchers pay much attention to the semantic side of minitext, still there is no established understanding of many of its semantic, lexical and pragmatic components. This article reveals the purpose of the military poster as a minitext, its communicative and pragmatic orientation, as well as possible definition of poster and typology for verbal and non-verbal components. Additionally, the findings indicate the characteristic features of poster: accuracy, shortness (maximum size of 2,000 characters and minimum, one sentence), completeness, visual and verbal components, specific punctuation and vocabulary. An important structural element of the poster is paralinguistic means (mainly, spatial placement of the verbal and visual components, and the font and style choosing). The verbal and non-verbal combination carries emotionality and effectiveness in the information transmitting, as well as motivates readers to react according to the poster`s content. The article suggests that poster as a type of a minitext is an effective visual channel of communication as it possesses a considerable number of paralinguistic expressive means. The article demonstrates that Posters of Amirican Civil War (1861–1865) can be divided into presidential elections, raising for war, recruiting soldier into the army, the enemy demonstration to the country and the world. Posters carry informative or humorous intention and are full of different linguostylistic and paralinguistic expressive means. Additionally, the article reveals the characteristic peculiarities of posters of South and North and gives some examples of verbal and non-verbal component domination in posters. It describes specific peculiarities of using of certain phrase combinations, colours, specific punctuation, capitalization, different style and font to increase the effect of the poster content on readers.

البنية الحضرية لمنطقة بغداد قبل وبعد بناء المدينة لمدورة

Th. pup", studies the district of Baghdad, in which Abbasid Calipii r\l-Mansour,built the round city(762-766 AD).lhe study includes two periods of time , the periodbefore the building of the round city , and the period after its building,and theestablishment of the Abbasid capital.ln spite of the large amount of historical and archeological literature on the subject'the urban and arcliitectural studies on it are very rare .lt is an objective of this researchto clarify Baghdad district urban structure in terms of basic relations ( deepstructuris) exllored in : natural nodes, nodes of human activities, architecturalnodes,also thi basic relations of paths (axis),connections and hierarchy of thecomponents, finally the semantic sides of allthese relations.Historical information, texts and descriptions of the district are used to conclude itsmain signifiers , for the analysis of its urban structure according to the relationsmentioned above . Then thebuilding of the round city and the rise of Karkh andRusafa is historically reviewed ,and analyzed according to the same relations .The urban structure of nughOua had its basic relations( both as actual and potential);the actual relations grew a:nd flourished after the establishment of the capital, whilenew relations appea:red ,enabled the round city with its surroundings to become onestructure , which is the city of Baghdad , with the round city as its center . on thearchitectural level we sawthe rise of important models evolved later to be commontypes in lslamic architecture .

البنية الحضرية لمنطقة بغداد قبل وبعد بناء المدينة لمدورة

Th. pup", studies the district of Baghdad, in which Abbasid Calipii r\l-Mansour,built the round city(762-766 AD).lhe study includes two periods of time , the periodbefore the building of the round city , and the period after its building,and theestablishment of the Abbasid capital.ln spite of the large amount of historical and archeological literature on the subject'the urban and arcliitectural studies on it are very rare .lt is an objective of this researchto clarify Baghdad district urban structure in terms of basic relations ( deepstructuris) exllored in : natural nodes, nodes of human activities, architecturalnodes,also thi basic relations of paths (axis),connections and hierarchy of thecomponents, finally the semantic sides of allthese relations.Historical information, texts and descriptions of the district are used to conclude itsmain signifiers , for the analysis of its urban structure according to the relationsmentioned above . Then thebuilding of the round city and the rise of Karkh andRusafa is historically reviewed ,and analyzed according to the same relations .The urban structure of nughOua had its basic relations( both as actual and potential);the actual relations grew a:nd flourished after the establishment of the capital, whilenew relations appea:red ,enabled the round city with its surroundings to become onestructure , which is the city of Baghdad , with the round city as its center . on thearchitectural level we sawthe rise of important models evolved later to be commontypes in lslamic architecture .

Water has a microstructural essence after all

In recent years attacks on the Kripke-Putnam approach to natural kinds and natural kind terms have proliferated. In a recent paper, Haggqvist and Wikforss (The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 1–23, 2017) attack the once-dominant essentialist account of natural kinds. Haggqvist & Wikforss also suggest that it is time to return to some sort of cluster-based descriptivist semantics for natural kind terms, thus targeting both the metaphysical and semantic tenets that underpin the Kripke-Putnam approach. In our paper we want to challenge both parts of Haggqvist and Wikforss’ project. We will argue that the anti-essentialist considerations and arguments they raise against the Kripke-Putnam view are far from compelling in some cases, and certainly not decisive against a reasonable form of the view. On the semantic side, although Haggqvist and Wikforss give few details about what a viable cluster-based descriptivist theory should look like, we will argue that one can already see the approach to be a non-starter. Ignorance and error arguments of the kinds provided by Kripke and Putnam continue to be decisive objections. The only way we can see to save the cluster descriptivist approach is to make the essential properties postulated by Kripke and Putnam become essential features of the descriptive cluster. But this makes the success of the approach parasitic on the correctness of the Kripke-Putnam view.

Refactoring Multi-Level Models

Multi-level modelling promotes flexibility in modelling by enabling the use of several meta-levels instead of just two, as is the case in mainstream two-level modelling approaches. While this approach leads to simpler models for some scenarios, it introduces an additional degree of freedom as designers can decide the meta-level where an element should reside, having to ascertain the suitability of such decisions. In this respect, model refactorings have been successfully applied in the context of two-level modelling to rearrange the elements of a model while preserving its meaning. Following this idea, we propose a catalogue of 17 novel refactorings specific to multi-level models. Their objective is to help designers in rearranging elements across and within meta-levels and exploring the consequences. In this article, we detail each refactoring in the catalogue, show a classification across different dimensions, and describe the support we provide in our M eta D epth tool. We present two experiments to assess two aspects of our refactorings. The first one validates the predicted semantic side effects of the refactorings on the basis of more than 210.000 refactoring applications. The second one measures the impact of refactorings on three quality attributes of multi-level models.

SCH-GAN: Semi-Supervised Cross-Modal Hashing by Generative Adversarial Network.

Cross-modal hashing maps heterogeneous multimedia data into a common Hamming space to realize fast and flexible cross-modal retrieval. Supervised cross-modal hashing methods have achieved considerable progress by incorporating semantic side information. However, they heavily rely on large-scale labeled cross-modal training data which are hard to obtain, since multiple modalities are involved. They also ignore the rich information contained in the large amount of unlabeled data across different modalities, which can help to model the correlations between different modalities. To address these problems, in this paper, we propose a novel semi-supervised cross-modal hashing approach by generative adversarial network (SCH-GAN). The main contributions can be summarized as follows: 1) we propose a novel generative adversarial network for cross-modal hashing, in which the generative model tries to select margin examples of one modality from unlabeled data when given a query of another modality (e.g., giving a text query to retrieve images and vice versa). The discriminative model tries to distinguish the selected examples and true positive examples of the query. These two models play a minimax game so that the generative model can promote the hashing performance of the discriminative model and 2) we propose a reinforcement learning-based algorithm to drive the training of proposed SCH-GAN. The generative model takes the correlation score predicted by discriminative model as a reward, and tries to select the examples close to the margin to promote a discriminative model. Extensive experiments verify the effectiveness of our proposed approach, compared with nine state-of-the-art methods on three widely used datasets.

THE USE OF BUGINESE ANCESTORS’ MESSAGES PEMAKAIAN SIMBOL-SIMBOL BUGIS DALAM PAPPASENG TO-RIOLO

This research study of symbolism in Buginesse ancestors message specially in Pappaseng tau Riolo. A packet of message of the old man testament in Buginisse Tribe. In getting the truly and accurate data, the writes used the library research which is to obtain more theoretical principles needed in the writing of this study. The writer reads some books and other materials which are closely related to the main problem of this writing. The writer discusses in the Semantic side. By analyzing the semantic, we will know the meaning those contents in the Pappaseng. And also we can know what is the main meaning and the aim of using that symbol.

Концептуализация вращательного движения в русском и польском языках

In recent years, linguistic studies have laid great emphasis on the semantic side of linguistic expressions. The subject of this paper is an attempt to introduce the term of “circular motion” in common verb patterns and set phrases in Russian and Polish. The description concerns the problem of creating metaphors based on circular motion verbs. The paper distinguishes between four metaphor types which have been presented by the comparative method between Russian and Polish.

INTERPRETACIÓN DE CONTRATOS: ENTRE LITERALIDAD E INTENCIÓN

The paper addresses article 1560 of the Civil Code , concerning the interpretation of contracts. There is a suspicion that this provision lacks application. The paper tackles the issue first by analyzing the provision pragmatic side of language (what is it for?), and then its semantic side (what does this provision mean?). The paper identifies symbolic, techni- cal, conceptual, and interpretative features of the provision under study. Under such framework of analysis, it is emphasized, among other things, i) the usefulness of the provision to determine what does judges must interpret (not how), ii) the contribution of the provision to the understanding of what literality stands for in interpretation, and iii) to focus on the intentional actions of parties –rather than their state of mind– so as to face the hard issue of knowing the intention of the contracting parties.

Formal monkey linguistics

AbstractWe argue that rich data gathered in experimental primatology in the last 40 years can benefit from analytical methods used in contemporary linguistics. Focusing on the syntactic and especially semantic side, we suggest that these methods could help clarify five questions: (i) what morphology and syntax, if any, do monkey calls have? (ii) what is the ‘lexical meaning’ of individual calls? (iii) how are the meanings of individual calls combined? (iv) how do calls or call sequences compete with each other when several are appropriate in a given situation? (v) how did the form and meaning of calls evolve? We address these questions in five case studies pertaining to cercopithecines (Putty-nosed monkeys, Blue monkeys, and Campbell’s monkeys), colobinae (Guereza monkeys and King Colobus monkeys), and New World monkeys (Titi monkeys). The

Preventive Imperatives among Correlative Meanings

The article considers structures having the meaning of prevention. Some debatable questions in the interpretation of this type of semantics and linguistic means of its expression by supporters of different scientific trends make the article topical. The objective of the study is to reveal semantic specifics of the preventive imperative and differentiate it from a number of related constructions (with the meaning of caution, threat and fear) and also from prohibitive forms and optative constructions. A descriptive method, being used within the framework of structural-semantic approach, has been used as a leading one in the present article but with a greater attention to the semantic side of the phenomenon than it is customary in grammatical research. Thus, we support grammatical approach and justify its use for analysing the constructions under discussion. As a result, we tried to create a semantic model of a preventive utterance as a complex of correlative meanings forming an indivisible semantic unity and getting a synthetic expression in the structure of the sentence. Special attention has been given to the semantic importance of the negation in the structure of the preventive imperative. The material of the article and its results may be useful for further research in the semantic area under discussion. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s7p65

Recursivity and Inheritance in the Formation of Old English Nouns and Adjectives

This article addresses the question of the associative character of the lexicon of Old English from two angles. From a morphological perspective, it is concerned with the derivation of previously derived lexical items, while on the semantic side it deals with meaning continuity and change throughout derivation. The corpus comprises around 400 nouns and adjectives that qualify as recursive derivatives, that is, derivatives with a derived base. Lexical recursivity is understood as the repetition of a process, in other words, prefixation as input to prefixation, and suffixation as input to suffixation. Affix distribution is analyzed exhaustively, as well as the positional restrictions on affix combination. The change of meaning caused by derivation is explained by means of an inventory of lexical functions based on paradigmatic morphology and structural-functional grammars. The analysis indicates that lexical recursivity in Old English is a suffixal rather than a prefixal phenomenon. The main conclusion is that the function of recursivity depends on the output category. Whereas in adjective formation recursivity conveys more expressivity, in noun formation the main function of recursivity is to create abstract nouns.