Semantic Scores Research Articles

Salient-VPR: Salient Weighted Global Descriptor for Visual Place Recognition

Visual place recognition (VPR) is a widely investigated but challenging problem, which must deal with the twin problems of changed appearance caused by varying weather conditions, illumination, and seasons, as well as dynamic objects in complex environments. In this paper, we proposed Salient-VPR by combining image retrieval, semantic information, and saliency cues to achieve accurate estimations. We provides a novel formulation for combining the local semantic features into global descriptors. Unlike traditional global descriptors that typically summarize the whole visual content in the images or image regions, we aggregate dense local semantic descriptors based on pixel-level semantic scores to form global semantic descriptors. Then we calculate predicted saliency descriptors to learn the representation of static objects from images. These salient descriptions are learned from a dataset tailored for VPR missions. Lastly, we introduce a late-fusion module, which increases the stability of the descriptor and avoids performance degradation caused by the limitations of semantic and saliency prediction. Our method outperforms traditional global descriptors in experiments, attaining state-of-the-art visual location recognition scores on a variety of challenging datasets such as Pitts30k, MSLS, and Tokyo24/7.

Artistic and aesthetic characteristics of vocal and pop performance as a genre synthesis of arts

The purpose of the article is to study the artistic and aesthetic features of vocal and pop art as a genre synthesis of arts. The research methodology involves the use of system-structural, comparative methods of analysis and culturological and art approaches in the study of these issues. The scientific novelty of the work is to expand the theoretical boundaries of understanding vocal and pop performance as a synthetic genre that combines different arts, and its defining artistic and stylistic features that directly affect the structure and stylistic features of vocals, interpretation of the work, its perception by listeners and representation of values, ideas and impressions generated in the process of performance and its perception. Conclusions. Conclusions. Variety vocal performance as a kind of musical text involves special manifestations of intertextuality, so it is possible to find layers of artistic and species series, expressive forms and meanings, artistic and linguistic means and interpretive techniques. From the point of view of specific tasks of artistic communication, it appears as a generalized form of musical and artistic activity that can claim universality and has its stage and staging canons, determined by value concepts of culture, but in their new popular sense. There are also exemplary compositional and semantic models in this field, the imitation of which is a recognized way to join the pop vocal and performing professionalism. In the field of pop and vocal performance in its theatrical and staged form there is a specific mythologizing, which concerns the figure of the singer as the central actor of the concert program, which forms a certain image to achieve extreme artistic persuasiveness. Therefore, it is not an image of a fictional character, but of a person close in time and meaning to life, as she can and should be in virtual artistic reality - aesthetically sublime and morally balanced. The main components of the intertextual sphere, which is formed around the variety show and determines the special director's interest in it, are semantic positions on the singer as a semantic core of the whole moving picture of pop and stage action. It is these semantic factors that organize and lead to a holistic artistic result all the structural indicators of pop performance. Keywords: vocal and pop art, artistic and aesthetic characteristics, genre specifics, genre synthesis of arts.

METRICS OF VIRTUAL PROMOTION OF A PRODUCT

An approach to the mathematical description of the criterion for the effectiveness of a new object of research – virtual promotion is presented in thepaper. The emergence of this new object of research is connected, on the one hand, with the classical theory of marketing, and on the other withmodern Internet technologies. Marketing is based on the 4P principle: product, price, location and promotion. Promotion is a component of thisprinciple. But in modern conditions, this phenomenon is changing under the influence of the Internet. Now this 4P component is becoming a fullyvirtual instrument. The traditional scheme of promotion functioning is as follows. A message is created to a potential buyer and the delivery channel ofthis message undergoes a change. It is based on the principle: money – goods – money. While the new sales scheme is described by the scheme: weattract a client, make money on a client, we spend money. In the new scheme, we deal with product knowledge in the form of the so-called semanticcore of web content. Knowledge describes for a potential client how a given product can cover his need for something. Using the logistic principles ofthe transfer of goods, this semantic core is loaded into the specified Internet nodes. That is, virtual promotion is formed as two channels: logistics andmarketing. The first one performs three operations: concentration, formatting and distribution of semantic cores on the Internet. The second managesthis process, forming a virtual promotion map. This map is a graph of Internet nodes. It is required to define such a tree of Internet nodes so that virtualpromotion has maximum efficiency. The paper analyzes modern metrics related to the processes of search engine optimization on the Internet.Unfortunately, these metrics evaluate only statistically after the fact of visiting a web resource or the budget of the Internet site in which theadvertising message about the product was placed. Therefore, based on the conversion metric, a criterion for the effectiveness of virtual promotion wasproposed in the work, which takes into account both the attractiveness of the semantic core and the attractiveness of the Internet site where thesemantic core will be located. The criterion reflects the income that we receive depending on the attractiveness of the semantic kernel and the Internetsite.

Функции лексических повторов в сборнике Н. А. Заболоцкого «Столбцы»

The paper aims to identify the types and functions of lexical repetitions in N. A. Zabolotsky’s early works (by the example of the collection “Columns”). The article gives the general classification of the functions of lexical repetition. The content of the author’s particular works determines more narrow functional significance of lexical repetition: to reveal the contrast, to display the semantic core of the text, to mark the duration of action, etc. The scientific originality of the research consists in the complex approach to the analysis of N. A Zabolotsky’s poems in terms of lexical repetition. As a result, it has been proved that lexical repetition is an important textual means which demonstrates the creativity of the artist of the word.

A Psycholinguistic Cross-Cultural Study of the Concept 'Conflict' in India and Ukraine

The paper presents a comparative study of the semantic field of the concept of conflict in Ukrainian and Indian cultures. The literature review has shown that there has not been any discussion on the abstract general concept of conflict. However, we consider such data exceptionally important for a better understanding of the worldview and cultural differences in diverse countries. Our study aimed to identify cultural features, similarities, and differences in the perception of the concept of conflict by representatives of various cultures. To investigate the way the concept of conflict is perceived, we used a set of methods, including speech activity analysis, free-listing for data gathering and processing, mathematical calculation, systematization, and generalization of results We conducted our study in three phases: at the first stage we gathered data, at the second we processed them, and at the third phase we generalized the findings and drawing conclusions. The students from Kyiv-Mohyla Academy (Ukraine) and Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (India) participated in the research (19-24years old). In general, we got 292 questionnaires. The experiment revealed that the common semantic core of the concept of conflict in Ukrainian and Indian cultures contains seven words: fight, misunderstanding, war, disagreement, quarrel, struggle, aggression. But in contrast to the Ukrainian culture, in India, the associations with the given concept predominantly depict the person’s emotional state (sadness, anger, fear, confusion, and misunderstanding). Participants from India also mention caste discrimination and religious diversity. In Ukraine, the word conflict is much associated with negative interaction (quarrel, aggression, argument, dispute, etc.). Besides, in contrast to the Indian culture, there are no associations with social discrimination and religious diversity. The importance of our findings cannot be stressed too much since they can potentially be used in mediation, social advertising, and international negotiations.

The Dialogical Quality of the Russian Poetry of the Silver Age: A Case Study of Poems about Don Juan

The article brings a discussion of three poems of Russian modernist poets that undertake the theme of Don Juan – written by Konstantin Balmont, Valery Bryusov and Nikolai Gumilyov. The purpose is to elucidate the characteristics of the artistic dialogue in the discourse of modernist poetry. Two types of dialogue are discussed: macro- and microdialogue. The former is realised through intertextual forms, the latter – by means of intersubjective forms. When poets refer to the image of Don Juan, one variety of dialogue may well transform into the other. The author of the paper indicates emphatically that the poems under discussion constitute a chain of transformations of the image of Don Juan: the image as proposed by Balmont is then developed by Bryusov and revaluated by Gumilyov. The semantic core of all the three texts is the image of Don Juan as a wanderer who yields to temptations of transient delights.

Multimodal MRI cerebral correlates of verbal fluency switching and its impairment in women with depression

BackgroundThe search of biomarkers in the field of depression requires easy implementable tests that are biologically rooted. Qualitative analysis of verbal fluency tests (VFT) are good candidates, but its cerebral correlates are unknown. MethodsWe collected qualitative semantic and phonemic VFT scores along with grey and white matter anatomical MRI of depressed (n = 26) and healthy controls (HC, n = 25) women. Qualitative VFT variables are the “clustering score” (i.e. the ability to produce words within subcategories) and the “switching score” (i.e. the ability to switch between clusters). The clustering and switching scores were automatically calculated using a data-driven approach. Brain measures were cortical thickness (CT) and fractional anisotropy (FA). We tested for associations between CT, FA and qualitative VFT variables within each group. ResultsPatients had reduced switching VFT scores compared to HC. Thicker cortex was associated with better switching score in semantic VFT bilaterally in the frontal (superior, rostral middle and inferior gyri), parietal (inferior parietal lobule including the supramarginal gyri), temporal (transverse and fusiform gyri) and occipital (lingual gyri) lobes in the depressed group. Positive association between FA and the switching score in semantic VFT was retrieved in depressed patients within the corpus callosum, right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, right superior longitudinal fasciculus extending to the anterior thalamic radiation (all p < 0.05, corrected). ConclusionTogether, these results suggest that automatic qualitative VFT scores are associated with brain anatomy and reinforce its potential use as a surrogate for depression cerebral bases.

Transformations in linguocultural image of Persia in the novel “The Death of Vazir-Mukhtar” by Yury Tynyanov in comparison with “The Travel Notes” by A. S. Griboyedov

The subject of this research is the lexical means of creation of the linguocultural image of Persia in the novel &amp;ldquo;The Death of Vazir-Mukhtar&amp;rdquo; by Yury Tynyanov in comparison with &amp;ldquo;The Travel Notes&amp;rdquo; by A. S. Griboyedov The goal is to reveal the patterns of creation of linguoculturological image of Persia. For achieving the set goal, the lexical means are classified into lexical-semantic groups and subjected to semantic analysis. The article explores the lexical-semantic groups: nonequivalent lexicon (realias); proper names, including toponyms and anthroponyms; and common nouns that denote cultural realities, particularly denominations of people, place, holidays and calendar events, and artifacts. The scientific novelty consists in diachronic research of the process of formation of the image of Persia. The main results lies in the proof that the linguoculturological image is formed on the basis of certain lexical-semantic constants. The analysis of lexical units indicated that the semantic groups of words with linguoculturological component in these two works coincide, but the linguocultural image of Iran created by Y. Tynyanov in the novel &amp;ldquo;The Death of Vazir-Mukhtar&amp;rdquo; 100 years after &amp;ldquo;The Travel Notes&amp;rdquo; by A. S. Griboyedov is expressed by a wide range and variety of thematic lexical groups. This fact is explained not only by the genre differences of the texts, but also by the fact that with the course of time, the linguoculturological image of the country changes; it develops around certain constants, the semantic core.

Telemedicine as technoinnovation to tackle COVID-19: A bibliometric analysis

Telemedicine has become fundamental for the challenges posed to healthcare. This set of instruments turns pivotal for facing one of the most relevant emergencies in human history: the COVID-19 pandemic. The multisectoral crisis led to a vigorously sustained adoption of innovations, including telemedicine technology. Telehealth was proven, in this context, to be a relevant tool to reduce healthcare costs, reduce not-needed hospitalizations, and improve the results in health care. Some barriers such as the costs of technologies, patient privacy and technical literacy have slowed down telemedicine adoption. Amidst the COVID-19 era, telemedicine calls for a managerial duty to change healthcare's organizational models. The present work aims to explore the growing literature to illuminate the relationships between telemedicine, innovations and healthcare in the COVID-19 framework. A bibliometric analysis of the existing literature based on 285 published works in 2019–2020 is put forward with the aim to detect the relevant literature, themes and approaches on telemedicine and COVID-19. Making use of community detection on the co-occurrence keywords network, we identify the “semantic cores” in the literature representing the relevant results on critical themes. The sorting implications are important for researchers and policymakers by mapping the existing literature and results in evidence-based analysis. We provide the key communities as the “semantic core” of the publications and results for the considered period. This allows for future research to be oriented towards perduring health policies that could lead to the adoption of telemedicine technologies in a post-pandemic scenario.

A CONCEPÇÃO DE “DISTÂNCIA” EM JACQUES HENRIOT: UM ESPAÇO VIRTUAL DE JOGO

Jacques Henriot asserts that the game refers to one and the same idea. He believes in a semantic core, a common element, a “unity of the game” among the diversity of games. This “common denominator”, as Caillois puts it, is what makes all types of games playable. This semantic core is, according to our reading of Henriot, the “distance” that defines the function of play, for the idea of play must first be understood in a mechanical way. Play is above all that emptiness which allows us to say that there is play: in the parts of a gear, in the joints, in a hinge, etc. Playing is then considered as a dialectical operation that puts the player at a distance. The form of the game is this distance, this interval that allows the game to exist for a player. The distance is thus a key concept to understand Henriot’s conception of the game, but instead of approaching the distance from a psychoanalytical point of view, we propose to define this concept starting from the concept of “virtuality” in order to fully grasp the richness of Henriot’s thinking.

Frequency-Following Response and Auditory Behavior in Children with Prenatal Exposure to the Zika Virus.

Introduction Prenatal exposure to the Zika virus can impair neurodevelopment and cause auditory damage. Objective To analyze the frequency-following response (FFR) and the auditory behavior (with the LittlEars ® questionnaire) of children with and without prenatal exposure to Zika virus infection. Methods A total of 30 children participated in the present study, divided into 3 groups: 10 children with microcephaly and prenatal exposure to the Zika virus; 10 normocephalic children with prenatal exposure to the Zika virus; and 10 children with no evidence of prenatal exposure to the virus. The FFR test was performed with the /da/ syllable. The LittlEars ® questionnaire was used with parents/guardians. Results For the FFR measurements, there was no difference between the groups. The children with exposure to the Zika virus presented a final score in the questionnaire below what is expected from children with normal hearing. A significant difference was observed for the final, semantic, and expressive scores between the group with microcephaly and the other groups. A strong negative correlation was seen between the LittlEars ® questionnaire final score and the FFR measurements for the group with microcephaly when compared with the other groups. Conclusion Children exposed to the Zika virus, with and without microcephaly, presented FFR patterns similar to what was seen in children with no evidence of virus exposure. However, they showed signs of immature auditory behavior, suggesting auditory development delay.

«А благородство моё во мне унывает…»: Какой из четырех Евгениев настоящий?

The article is devoted to the analysis of four characters named Eugene (heroes of A. Kantemir’ satire, A.E. Izmailov’s novel, A. Pushkin’s Eugene Onegin and The Bronze Horseman), represents the initial stage in the evolution of the semantic halo of this name in Russian literature, through an onomastic prism. The study is based on a matrix that takes into account the interaction of components that make up the semantic core of the concept of "nobility": nobility of the family, adherence to external decorum, high moral qualities. The main point was to check in Russian literature for "true Eugene", possessing all the signs of nobility, genetic, external, internal. The answer turned out to be negative: the semantics of the loss of various components turns out to be a constitutional feature of the semantic halo of the name. Russian literature at the initial stage of the development of "Eugene's plot" was more likely to move away from the semantics of the name, fixing the absence of nobility in the "noble", differently approaching the description of this phenomenon. Four heroes were involved in a united plot of the evolution of the semantic halo of the name - processing from satire to tragedy.

АНАЛИЗ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЙ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ РОССИЯН О «ХОРОШЕЙ МАМЕ» И «ХОРОШЕМ ПАПЕ»

Statement of the problem. The formation of conscious parenting involves systematic work with real and potential parents. In order for the system of psychological and pedagogical support of parents to be effective, it is important to understand the problematic field of modern parenting, current and potential requests for psychological assistance from the family. We believe that one of the ways to solve this problem is to study the social ideas of modern parents about various aspects of the phenomenon of parenting. The purpose of the article is to present a comparative analysis of the semantic cores of ideas about a “good mom” and a “good dad” in adults with and without children, as well as children themselves. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the research was the concept of social representations of S. Moskovichi, generalized research in the field of social representations of Russian and foreign scientists (G.M. Andreeva, E.Yu. Volovikova, T.P. Emelyanova, L.G. Pochebut, E.V. Yakimova, J.C. Abrik, P. Verges, D. Jaudelet), as well as research in the field of parenting (A.A. Abramova, L. A. Gritsay, E. V. Evdokimova, O. A. Karabanova, R. V. Ovcharova, K. N. Polivanova, G. G. Filippova, etc.). The main methods were free associative experiment, content analysis, the method of semantic universals. A total of 96 people took part in the study. Research results. The core of the concept of “good” moms and dads, parenting in adults with and without children, and the children themselves, is love and care. The key indicator that parents are “good” for all groups of respondents is the quality of communication, relationships, and interaction. The perceptions of all groups of respondents about the roles of mom and dad are quite traditional and gender typical. Ideas about how parental love is expressed also correspond to traditional gender schemes: mom feeds and caresses, dad plays and is fun to spend time with. At the same time, it can be noted that in the view of respondents with children, the image of a father shifts from the typically masculine towards a combination of masculine and feminine qualities. The experience of parenting encourages parents to reconsider their ideas about the image and role of the mother. Conclusion. The greatest weight in all three groups of respondents was given to the characteristic of a “kind” parent. But we cannot say whether the respondents put the same understanding of this manifestation into the association. It can be assumed that one of the reasons for conflict interactions in the family is the different meaning that children and parents put into the concept of “kindness”. This requires additional study, and may be a continuation of our research. It can also be noted that the image of an “ideal” parent is perceived by potential parents as costly (in terms of time, emotionally, physically, etc.), which can be one of the reasons for postponing the birth of a child. Therefore, it is important to work with young people in the direction of correcting their social ideas about parenting.

Габитус пассажира поезда: эволюция вектора в произведениях эпической формы от Л. Н. Толстого до Т. Н. Толстой

The aim of the study is to determine the frequency constants and variations of a train passenger’s habitus, represented in a thematic sample of Russian literature works of the XIX-XXI centuries, to prove that its key components correlate with the conceptual idea of the text, playing a plot-developing role, forming the semantic core of the author’s intention. The scientific originality of the work lies in the primary appeal to the problem and its complex analysis, an integrative approach to the interpretation of a literary text, which productively translates the notion of “habitus” in the studied key. As a result, it is proved that the contextually realized theme of a train passenger’s habitus is relevant for Russian literature, the desired constants are identified and systematized, the evolutionary directions of the vector of the theme development are indicated, allowing deeper interpretation of the literary character.

Diverse ELT reading materials: Cross mapping gender ideas of respective readers

Textbooks including other academic factors play a crucial role in the gender construction process as highlighted by various researchers. However, there is less research to delve into the process. The present study is an attempt to explore the gender conceptions carried by the readers of two diverse varieties of English Language Teaching (ELT) materials produced by local and foreign publishers, in Pakistani academic settings. For the said purpose, a mixed-method research method has been used; whereas, the instruments of the study are a semantic differential score list and a semi open-ended interview. The population of the study is comprised of two groups of students at the elementary level from two different types of Pakistan schooling system i.e. Government sector and private sector, as they are using different types of ELT material. The results of the study reveal that students exposed to these two varieties of materials have a difference in their gender conceptions. There is an observable difference in the way readers of each set of books relate different attributes to each gender group. Further, the participants of the interview also agree that characters in the textbooks are more often relatable and acceptable for them in real life. The research to some extent agrees that gender ideas provided to young minds in their textbooks contribute to their psychological construction of gender along with other instruments; however, more research is still needed. Finally, it is suggested that the revision of textbooks concerning offered stereotypical gender ideologies can help to reduce gender disparity, to some extent.

As long as you talk about me: The importance of family firm brands and the contingent role of family-firm identity

This study explores the role of external audiences in determining the importance of family firm brands and the relationship with firm performance. Drawing on text mining and social network analysis techniques, and considering the brand prevalence, diversity, and connectivity dimensions, we use the semantic brand score to measure the importance the media give to family firm brands. The analysis of a sample of 52,555 news articles published in 2017 about 63 Italian entrepreneurial families reveals that brand importance is positively associated with family firm revenues, and this relationship is stronger when there is identity match between the family and the firm. This study advances current literature by offering a rich and multifaceted perspective on how external audiences perceptions of the brand shape family firm performance.

Query Sense Discovery Approach to Realize the User's Search Intent

The main goal of information retrieval is getting the most relevant documents to a user’s query. So, a search engine must not only understand the meaning of each keyword in the query but also their relative senses in the context of the query. Discovering the query meaning is a comprehensive and evolutionary process; the precise meaning of the query is established as developing the association between concepts. The meaning determination process is modeled by a dynamic system operating in the semantic space of WordNet. To capture the meaning of a user query, the original query is reformulating into candidate queries by combining the concepts and their synonyms. A semantic score characterizing the overall meaning of such queries is calculated, the one with the highest score was used to perform the search. The results confirm that the proposed "Query Sense Discovery" approach provides a significant improvement in several performance measures.

Педагог инклюзивной образовательной организации: компетентностная модель в контексте вузовских программ профессиональной подготовки

The implementation of inclusion poses fundamentally new requirements for the professional competencies of teachers, which in turn determines the need for an empirically based competence model of a teacher of an inclusive educational organization. A complex of university programs for teacher training specifying the inclusive competencies could be used as an appropriate empirical base of the study. However, this research logic has not yet been implemented and the study was devised to fill this gap. Its purpose was to build a structural and meaningful model of an inclusive teacher based on an analysis of inclusive competencies presented in the teachers’ educational programs of universities. Content analysis was used to study the texts of 59 basic educational programs. Frequency and factor analysis of the matrix of representation of competency indicators in educational programs was also carried out. It was found that the semantic core of the inclusive competencies of the teacher reflects the need to take into account the special psychological and pedagogical status of children in terms of their personal position in learning, the originality of their development, health status and their specific educational needs. The integral inclusive competences of the teacher are the readiness to: organize an inclusive educational process as a whole; organize an individually oriented educational route; individual / collaborative support; and organize psychological and pedagogical support; substantive / instrumental knowledge related to working with students with disabilities. The competence profiles of teachers, set by university educational programs, are not fully consistent with both the existing theoretical models of the inclusive teacher competencies and the conditions for the implementation of inclusive practice. The research results include ideas about five-component structure of teacher’s inclusive competence. The practical significance is in the identification of the essence of the contradictions in the content of the university training of teachers for work in inclusive education, the elimination of which will contribute to improving the quality staffing of the inclusive education system.

Semantic Conceptual Relational Similarity Based Web Document Clustering for Efficient Information Retrieval Using Semantic Ontology

In the modern rapid growing web era, the scope of web publication is about accessing the web resources. Due to the increased size of web, the search engines face many challenges, in indexing the web pages as well as producing result to the user query. Methodologies discussed in literatures towards clustering web documents suffer in producing higher clustering accuracy. Problem is mitigated using, the proposed scheme, Semantic Conceptual Relational Similarity (SCRS) based clustering algorithm which, considers the relationship of any document in two ways, to measure the similarity. One is with the number of semantic relations of any document class covered by the input document and the second is the number of conceptual relation the input document covers towards any document class. With a given data set Ds, the method estimates the SCRS measure for each document Di towards available class of documents. As a result, a class with maximum SCRS is identified and the document is indexed on the selected class. The SCRS measure is measured according to the semantic relevancy of input document towards each document of any class. Similarly, the input query has been measured for Query Relational Semantic Score (QRSS) towards each class of documents. Based on the value of QRSS measure, the document class is identified, retrieved and ranked based on the QRSS measure to produce final population. In both the way, the semantic measures are estimated based on the concepts available in semantic ontology. The proposed method had risen efficient result in indexing as well as search efficiency also has been improved.

A probabilistic framework for integrating sentence-level semantics via BERT into pseudo-relevance feedback

Existing pseudo-relevance feedback (PRF) methods often divide an original query into individual terms for processing and select expansion terms based on the term frequency, proximity, position, etc. This process may lose some contextual semantic information from the original query. In this work, based on the classic Rocchio model, we propose a probabilistic framework that incorporates sentence-level semantics via Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) into PRF. First, we obtain the importance of terms at the term level. Then, we use BERT to interactively encode the query and sentences in the feedback document to acquire the semantic similarity score of a sentence and the query. Next, the semantic scores of different sentences are summed as the term score at the sentence level. Finally, we balance the term-level and sentence-level weights by adjusting factors and combine the terms with the top-k scores to form a new query for the next-round processing. We apply this method to three Rocchio-based models (Rocchio, PRoc2, and KRoc). A series of experiments are conducted based on six official TREC data sets. Various evaluation indicators suggest that the improved models achieve a significant improvement over the corresponding baseline models. Our proposed models provide a promising avenue for incorporating sentence-level semantics into PRF, which is feasible and robust. Through comparison and analysis of a case study, expansion terms obtained from the proposed models are shown to be more semantically consistent with the query.