Semantic Load Research Articles

Семантический потенциал пассивных конструкций в англоязычном научном дискурсе

The study aims to identify semantic types of passive constructions in the English-language scientific discourse using material of different functional genres. Scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that, while considering semantics of the passive construction, the method of role-semantic analysis is used for the first time to identify deep semantic configurations of the specified constructions and to determine frequent semantic types of passive voice in scientific speech. As a result of the research, 21 models of semantic configurations of passive constructions have been identified, the proportion of passives with different lexical and semantic load in the English-language scientific discourse is revealed and reasons for such distribution are given.

Types and functions of precedent fenomena of culture in the linguodidactic context

Language is not only a structure, but also a place of storage of experience, wisdom, peculiarities of culture, history of the people. Therefore, the question of the functioning and typology of precedent cultural phenomena, for which the storage of the above information is one of the urgent tasks of both linguistics and linguodidactics. The article clarifies the definition of "precedent phenomenon of culture". It is established that the specific features of the precedent phenomena of culture are their speech-communicative essence and national-cultural, socio-cultural or historical-cultural semantic load. It was found that the corpus of precedent phenomena of culture includes such varieties as: phraseology, paremia, names of culturally and historically significant events, objects, proper names, references to well-known artistic and non-artistic texts, linguistic objects, etc. Precedents are those cultural phenomena that are used by native speakers in various communication situations, are understandable to most members of society and are adequately interpreted and evaluated by them. The essential features of the precedent phenomenon of culture are established: metaphorical (figurative, symbolic meaning), labeling, evaluativeness, economy, implicitness, pragmatism, recurrence, historical variability. Classifications of precedent phenomena of culture on various bases are given: on a form of expression, on structural and semantic features, on scale of an audience, on sources of their origin. The functions performed by precedent cultural phenomena in communication are summarized and clarified and which must be taken into account in the process of foreign language learning: nominative, game, password, attraction, image, communicative, allusive, modelling, linguistic-practical, socio-cultural, diagnostic. The level of formation of precedent competence, that is the ability to use precedent cultural phenomena in accordance with the purposes of communication, on the one hand, and on the other – the ability to perceive and understand them according to the communicative intention of the speaker, is an important indicator of secondary language personality.

Definition and classification of crime for calculation of its social consequences (cost)

The scientific community still does not have uniformity with regards to the definition of crime, although this concept is crucial in criminology, without which the existence and development of this science is impossible. Crime is a multifaceted phenomenon; thus, its examination within the framework of a single science does not reflect all of the aspects. The author examines various existing approaches towards the definition of crime; analyzes the concepts of natural criminal and the counter-theories. The question of the immanence of crime is explored. However, it does not seem possible to determine the only reasonable viewpoint and deny the rational kernel of other approaches. The analysis of the existing concepts and approaches towards definition of crime once again demonstrates the controversy of the question. Therefore, the analysis of opinions allows concluding on the need for classification crime, including via specific understanding of this concept. Such classification sufficiently reflects the extent of current public awareness of the criminal law, while retaining semantic load from the perspective of criminology. It also prompts the development of research on the social consequences (cost) of crime, since namely this approach seems logical for calculation of the social consequences (cost) of crime.

Distance education in the context of visuality: pro and contra

The paper analyzes the problem of implementing the achieve- ments of visual culture in distance education. The evolution of the dis- course of visual culture and its speci city in relation to visual studies, which perform special functions in cognition, language, education, art, science, religion, is shown. The main parameters of the relations between visual culture and distance learning as a natural result of the development of the information-digital age are determined. The e ciency of including visual presentations in the variety of their forms in distance learning is substantiated, it is proved that they carry a certain semantic load, make the subject material visible, generate various visual metaphors that form new images and visual schemes, and develop visual literacy.

Лексическая репрезентация концепта КАЗАК, представляющего мужскую субкультуру ‘своего мира’ в контексте кубанской фразеологии

The article examines the COSSACK concept in the context of the Kuban phraseology. The paper aims to reveal the role of the COSSACK concept in the Kuban Cossacks’ linguistic worldview in relation to the category “the native - the outsider”. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the author for the first time analyses lexico-semantic representation of the COSSACK concept in the Kuban Cossacks’ regional linguistic worldview by the material of local phraseology. The findings indicate that the COSSACK concept contains both ameliorative and pejorative connotations and bears different semantic load in military sphere and in civil life in terms of the dichotomy “the native - the outsider”.

The attentional boost effect with semantic information detection tasks

The attentional boost effect (ABE) is a phenomenon in which in some dual tasks, increased attention to target detection causes an increase in memory performance related to items paired with the target. However, in previous studies concerning the ABE, the detection task objects usually reflected perceptual information. Whether the ABE could be observed if the task involves detecting semantic information is unclear. To answer this question, the present study adopted the classic dual-task paradigm of the ABE. Arabic numerals were used as semantic information stimuli in the detection tasks, and the degree of semantic processing in the detection task gradually increased over three experiments. The results showed that target detection with semantic information (i.e., digits) triggered the ABE (Experiment 1) and that the ABE was also generated under the semantic judgement-based detection task (i.e., odd-even detection task) regardless of whether the detection task used a single-target stimulus (Experiment 2) or a multi-target stimulus (Experiment 3). These findings indicate that an increased semantic load before the target decision in the detection task does not affect the ABE, and both perceptual detection and semantic detection can trigger the ABE.

Оценка регулирующего воздействия нормативного акта как педагогический инструмент формирования правовой культуры обучающегося

This article examines the problems of forming the legal culture of the students’ personality when teaching legal disciplines (on the example of educational institutions of Technical and Vocational Education and Training) with the use of pedagogical meth-ods - assessing the regulatory impact of a normative act. The paper provides an over-view of the application of regulatory impact assessment in various spheres of public life. The author substantiates the possibility and necessity of using the assessment of the regulatory impact of a normative act in pedagogy, as an independent pedagogical methodology. The necessity of forming the legal culture of a student's personality is revealed, the semantic load of the definition of «legal culture» is considered and the optimal definition of the concept is selected for use in this study. The paper proposes a relatively new pedagogical methodology for teaching legal disciplines, with the help of which the goals of education are realized and at the same time the legal culture of the individual is formed. The results of the effective application of the methodology for assessing the regulatory impact of a normative act (on the example of teaching students of Technical and Vocational Education and Training), expertise that is formed at the same time among students, are presented. The features of the application of the methodology for assessing the regulatory impact of the normative act are indicated, as well as the difficulties that the teacher should take into account when using this pedagogical toolkit. The conclusion is made about the possibility of applying the methodology for assessing the regulatory impact of a normative act in educational institutions of all types.

Artificial Intelligence Internet Monitoring To Detect And Solve Crimes

Crimes committed on the Internet are characterized by latency and difficulty in their detection and disclosure. Offenders act ahead of time, applying new technologies and all complex schemes, combining them with elements of encryption and thorough disguise. Law enforcement agencies are forced to respond to this using operational-search forces, means and methods, including special operational-technical units, and computer programs being developed. This article proposes to use the capabilities of artificial intelligence and Legel tech technology to monitor the Internet in order to detect and solve crimes. The features of the system, which could, without human intervention, on the principle of virus infection of computers and other technical devices that have access to the Internet, check all their contents and, when detecting marked data, signal to the quick response services about suspected crimes (committed, being committed or prepared), are determined. The article focuses on the fact that the so-called “Internet law enforcement” program should not allow to read or guess the semantic load of phrases, interpret expressions or plots, but only highlight and fix the necessary communication segments. Such information will not violate the constitutional rights of citizens, and could be used to conduct further full-scale operational-search measures. The intended program should have various ways of checking sites, pages on social networks, hosts, disks, and various databases. Its work could be observed in real time, as well as the statistics on the results of inspections for further analysis and reporting could be accumulated. Monitoring of the Internet should take place continuously, with a quick response to the detection of suspicious transmitted or stored data. If necessary, the program should be able to block the transfer of data or the operation of a computer device until the circumstances are clarified and the law enforcement authorities remove the lock.

Образы советской монументальной скульптуры в мелкой пластике: трансформация функций и эволюция смыслов

Статья посвящена изучению советской мелкой пластики 1950–1980 гг. с целью определения степени и характера влияния политической пропаганды и агитации на серийное производство скульптуры малых форм в СССР. Материалами исследования явились произведения мелкой пластики и монументальной скульптуры, научные изыскания российских культурологов и искусствоведов. Раскрыты особенности идеологической направленности советского искусства, прослежена связь соцреализма с классической традицией. Описана традиция бытования скульптур в интерьерах общественных мест и в квартирах советских граждан. Проведена атрибуция мелкой пластики, созданной на заводе «Монументскульптура» и на других предприятиях. Отмечено, что сегодня советская малая пластика и выраженные в ней образы десакрализовались, став частью интерьеров кафе и сувенирных лавок, выполняя рекламные функции. Памятники вождей революции также перестали нести в себе актуальность, превратившись в исторические артефакты. The article is devoted to a study of the Soviet miniature plastic arts of the 1950s–1980s. It aims to determine the degree and nature of the influence of political propaganda and agitation on the serial production of small sculptures in the USSR. The author applied a methodology for the study of works of art elaborated by V.Z. Paperny and elements of the cultural approach and the hermeneutic method in combination with descriptive and comparative methods. The materials for the research were works of miniature plastic arts and monumental sculpture, research of Russian cultural scientists and art historians. The author reveals the features of the ideological orientation of Soviet art emphasizing the connection between Socialist Realism and the classical tradition. He describes the tradition of decorating interiors of public places, as well as of Soviet citizens’ apartments, with sculptures and shows that the tradition of decorating the interior with portraits of prominent people had a didactic task as it formed the idea of a role model. The author attributes small sculptures produced at the Monumentskulpura plant and at other Soviet enterprises, presents biographical data of the sculptors who authored both the monuments and the small sculptures. He notes the role of busts and sculptures with an ideological semantic load in the creation of the national “Soviet pantheon”. The author points out that monuments and small sculptures, due to their enormous scale and diversity, can be considered a decisive force in the formation of Soviet people’s everyday consciousness. The choice of the object of perpetuation was one of the important issues on the political agenda. The criticism of Stalin’s personality cult caused the demolition and destruction of his monuments; this did not occur spontaneously, the authorities themselves organized it. These overthrows of the image of the authorities took place almost imperceptibly, leaving no significant response in art. The author concludes that today the objects of Soviet miniature plastic arts and the images they expressed have been desacralized, becoming parts of the interiors of cafes and souvenir shops, performing advertising functions. Monuments of the leaders of the revolution also ceased to be relevant, turning into historical artifacts. Based on the analysis of studies on Soviet culture and their comparison with fiction, the author draws a conclusion about the shared fate of the symbols of power in history.

La carga semántica de un sintagma fijo en “El niño yuntero”, de Miguel Hernández

Se muestra cómo determinados elementos textuales, concretamente, un sintagma fijo, deconstruido dentro del poema de Miguel Hernández “El niño yuntero”, parte de la colección El viento del pueblo (1937), posee una carga semántica tal que la proyecta a lo largo de todas las estrofas. En este sentido, podemos considerarlo como un signo hegemónico. Además, se explica cómo ese mismo texto reproduce parte de las circunstancias sociohistóricas en las que se encontraba España durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX, particularmente la Guerra Civil (1936-1939). Las teorías en las que se basa este artículo son la semiótica textual, el análisis crítico del discurso y la sociosemiótica.

Development of a transport network in the Far North and the Arctic for the organization of tourist routes

The article is focused on the organization of leisure activities for the population of the Far North and the Arctic. The factors of successful implementation of people’s intentions, finalized in the commercial success, are determined. The semantic load of three concepts has been clarified, the terms being entertainment, tourism and travel. It is proved that there is a real opportunity for the development and use of decision-making models. An overview of models for predicting entertainment needs for Arctic residents is provided. The following models are considered in detail: time series analysis model and a causal model for forecasting the flow of tourism to the Arctic. The flow models were studied from the point of view of decision making. A number of assumptions, their limitations or recommendations are formulated, adhering to which, one can help an individual make a choice which matches his or her wishes. Some tactical measures ensuring the flow of funds to the Arctic regions are identified and a hybrid model of integer programming for tourism planning in the Arctic is proposed. Also, a decision-making model has been developed for investment in tourism in the Arctic. It is proved that net profit alone should not be used to evaluate gains as it is necessary to take into account marginal utility, which reflects the contribution of a project to the indicator of attractiveness of this region for tourists. A method for evaluating utility is discussed. Weight factors are determined for the appropriateness of the Arctic regions for tourism and the methods to assess non-monetary gains are suggested.

Style Features of the Vocal Cycles by Alexander Jacobchuk

The vocal cycles “Excerpts from my Kobzar” based on I. Hubarenko’s poems for mezzosoprano and piano and “Plum Blossom” based on M. Bashō’s poems for soprano and piano (2017) by Alexander Jacobchuk, the representative of the Kyiv Composers School, are considered in view of the originality of interpretation of conceptual basics of the outlined genre.The embodiment of poetry in music, in particular in the genre of the vocal cycle, as one of the interesting areas of the composer's work is highlighted through the use of textual, analytical, comparative, historical methods, as well as the method of interviewing the author. Since an era of Romanticism a history of music has accumulated considerable experience in this genre, which testifies to its huge artistic and aesthetic potential in both vertical (chronological, stylistic) and horizontal (geographical, national) aspects, according to the renewal of compositional techniques in interpretation of poetry. In this field A. Jacobchuk’s work has not yet become the subject of interest, that’s why actualizes its study in the stream of vocal cycle development at the beginning of the XXIth century. The artistic and stylistic features in relation to the figurative and semantic context of the verbal series are analyzed. It is revealed the use of musical intonation as the most important expression of the semantic load of the word. Chromatization consistently used in melodic lines and harmonic complexes, due to the expressive-philosophical basis of I. Hubarenko’s poems, as well as the manifestation of Orientalism in the embodiment of lyric contemplative-meditative poems by M. Bashō are introduced to convey the idea of colouring music language, which resonates with the achievements of the impressionists (parallelism of seventh chords, the principle of matching consonances, sound imagery, the study of phonic qualities of texture in the direction of spatial effects). It is proved that the integrity of drama in both cycles is based on thematic arches, the formation of culmination zones, a well-thought-out tonal plan. A special way of concentrating emotions is alternation the use of unaccompanied vocal solos with piano solos in some parts and instrumental interludes (in framing parts).

The value transformation аnd semantic space of kitsch in the music practice at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries

Background. The phenomenon of kitsch in the musical practice of the 20th century is characterized by the absence of a strict definition, on the basis of which one or another musical composition could be classified as a kitsch one. The appearance of kitsch in music had several reasons: 1) the composers’ desire to impress the listener, as well as to achieve commercial success (hence the imitation of high art patterns through democratization, aimed at achieving the replication of a musical composition); 2) the perception of kitsch as a “secondary” phenomenon – a copy or a fake; 3) the change of one cultural paradigm for another (“Romanticism – Avant-gardism – Postmodernism”). The negative semantic load of kitsch has developed genetically and is a kind of marking of “a bad taste”. The paradox is that “kitsch” is interpreted by music critics as a secondary phenomenon, which is beyond the boundaries of genuine art. However, in the composer’s work, kitsch can be interpreted in a positive sense, too. The purpose of the article is to identify the space of the actualization of kitsch as a stylistic mechanism of the value semantics of a musical composition and to point out the specificity of kitsch in its categorical correlation with other components of the stylistic system of the composer’s creativity. Objectives. The object of the research is the stylistic systems of composers creativity of the 20th–21st centuries, the structure of which includes the intonation form of kitsch, the ambivalent nature of which is revealed through various composing methods in various semantic keys that are the subject of this study. Methods. The need to substantiate the immanent-musical manifestations of kitsch in the composer’s style system explains the choice of interdisciplinary interaction of general scientific (historical, axiological, cognitive, systemic, and comparative) and special (genre-style, structural-functional, and interpretive) approaches. Results. Kitsch in academic music oeuvre is an intonation form, which is made by a composer from the “intonation dictionary of the epoch” without any individual activity and independence (“ordinary art”, forgery) or by the method of modelling and transforming that reflects the stereotypical human’s ideas of the Beauty in the axiological dynamics of musical arts (“high” art, its transcendental essence). The mechanisms of actualization, assessment and identification of kitsch in music have been revealed. The level of identification by the listener of the composer’s idea with one or another evaluative judgment will depend on the position of not only the author, but also the interpreter. The essence of kitsch is immanently predisposed to the multivariate nature of its manifestation, depending on the peculiarities of the correlation of the composer’s intention and the perception of the recipient. A typology of kitsch and its functions in music have been proposed. Mechanisms of kitsch meaning formation are semantic, axiological, and performing factors. Conclusions. In musical art, the phenomenon of kitsch acquires a perception and semantic transformation, which should be different from other types of art. The versatility of the intonation forms of kitsch depends on the composing, performing, and listening interpretation. In terms of professional perception and evaluation of the composition, kitsch carries a negative semantic load. However, if the perspective and evaluation criteria change, then kitsch can become a “borderline” phenomenon of musical culture. Transformation and “centring”, shift away from the main negative understanding of kitsch is possible only upon its immersing into a new compositional context. At the basis of kitsch stylization is the conceptual reason for referring to kitsch material through modelling (method by I. Stravinsky, D. Shostakovich, A. Schnittke, and R. Schedrin). The interaction of the kitsch material with the author’s stylistic frees kitsch from the negative meaning (metastyle). The transformation of the “kitsch” material becomes possible due to the appeal of the composers to the form of its symbolization (method by A. Schnittke, V. Silvestrov), which generalizes the process of the semantic “decoding” of kitsch in the perception of the recipient. V. Silvestrov reflected the ideas about Beauty within the borders of the modern European musical and aural experience. The uniqueness of the intonation embodiment of kitsch lies in the fact that the composer took into account the axiological aspect of the perception of one or another of its parameters by the recipient to embody his conceptual ideas. Kitsch, being the lexical “component” of the composer’s style, at the level of inter-textual connections becomes a new tool for generating meaning-making in music. In other words, in the music by V. Silvestrov, kitsch is released from the negative semantic load. The ambivalence of the nature of kitsch and the duality of its perception by listeners are the very immanent qualities that the performer can take into account in his/her interpretation of kitsch.

Symphony Style of Alexander Jacobchuk: Dynamics of Formation

Relevance of study. Symphonic creativity of a representative of the Kyiv Composer School, Honored Artist of Ukraine, I. Ogienko, A. Vedel, I. Nechuy-Levitsky prizes winner, winner of national and international composer competitions of Olexandr Yakovchuk (born 1952) has been presented by eight symphonies, two symphonic poems, ten instrumental concerts. Such a quantitatively significant work reflects the peculiar artistic world of the artist, who is characterized by the spirit of intellectualism, philosophical approach in the understanding of historical events, the relief of lyrical expression, bright mastery of the method of symphony and the possibilities generated by it, orchestration. Covering both the early and the mature period of the artist's creative work, his symphonic style evolved, displaying at the same time certain stable moments related, for example, to the special attitude to the role of a group of brass instruments. Therefore, the problem of dynamics of A. Jacobchuk`s symphonic style (genesis, functioning, development, interaction with other artistic styles in the cultural context) is seen as a promising vector in the study of his artistic achievements, which occupies a prominent place among Ukrainian symphonic creativity (L. Kolodub, B. Bujevsky, Ye. Stankovych, V. Sylvestrov and others).Main objectives of the study are to reveal the peculiarities of A. Jacobchuk 's symphonies in the aspect of the problem of dynamics of formation his author style.The methodology of the research is based on the application of the cultural approach, source study, textual methods, as well as methods of holistic analysis and interviewing.Results and conclusions. The conflict-dramatic type of symphonism, that continues the tradition in Ukrainian music initiated by B. Lyatoshynsky, is predominant for A. Jacobchuk's symphonic music. From the early to the mature period of his creativity, his symphony style in its dynamics is attributed to non-canonical types of this genre. This is noticeable in the approach to cyclicity (two-part, one-part, six-part, one-part, enclosed in diptych), the advantage of programmability, samples of mixed genre with oratorio, requiem, concert. The national component of the style is identified mainly at the level of design, while in the vocabulary of music the examples of the use of characteristic intonation are isolated, but they carry a considerable semantic load in the concept. The leading role of brass instruments in the characterization of the main images, the culminating and summarizing zones of the form should be considered a feature of orchestral thinking

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF RESULTS OF BORROWING FOREIGN WORDS OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE A REFLECTION OF THE PROCESS OF HISTORICAL INTERACTION BETWEEN RUSSIANS AND FOREIGNERS

As was mentioned by known sociologist Kenneth Ewart Boulding, the human community, divided into various social organizations, is the most complex class of biological systems. This article is dedicated for mathematical modeling of the process of historical interaction between Russians and foreigners, which are reflected in the formation of a living Russian language. The difficulty lies not only in the large number of relationships, but also in the complexity experienced by the researcher who is inside the system under study. The natural desire to abstract in this study from the system itself can be realized using a strictly scientific approach and computational programming. Namely, by using formal objects and the same formal methods of comparing them, as is customary in mathematics, physics, and other sciences that study the laws of nature in areas that are not directly related to human being and society. To form an objective knowledge base about the interaction of social groups of people, you can use the analysis of traces of this interaction, one of which is their language. It is in the language of a people that the main factors of influence of other peoples - native speakers of another language-remain. These traces, in particular, are borrowed words and expressions. To work with such words and expressions, you must first discard those matches that can be attributed to random. Only in this case can the nature of our research be objective. This article uses statistical analysis methods to identify the fact of accidental coincidence of phonetic and semantic images of words from different languages. The basic tool we have chosen is the birthday paradox theorem. As a result, a method for identifying borrowed words that appeared in the language as a result of the interaction of native speakers of different languages, excluding the random nature of their coincidence, is obtained. The application of software definition of matching words in digitized dictionaries is justified. The method is applied to the Russian language. Conclusions are made about the history of the development of the Russian people and its language. These conclusions are that the main significant influence on the Russian population and its language was exerted by Europeans, primarily the French. At the same time, no traces of the influence of Mongolian or other Eastern languages were found. The influence of the Turkic language group and the Greek language occupy a middle position. At the same time, if the semantic load of Turkic and Greek borrowings is of a general scientific or economic nature, then European borrowings are primarily associated with trade, administration, war, and luxuries. The authors concludes that the family character of interaction between native English speakers and language groups close to the English geographically with the Russian population, since the names of the main family members are borrowed mainly from the English language, while the corresponding names was already exist in the old Slavonic language.

Modulación de la percepción biestable: un estudio basado en estimulación multimodal y registros de actividad oculomotora

Las imágenes biestables tienen la posibilidad de ser interpretadas de dos maneras diferentes. La interpretación que haga el observador se puede relacionar tanto con el área del estímulo visual que el observador está mirando, como con información exógena provista de manera simultánea a la exposición de la imagen ambigua. Cuando se hace una determinada configuración perceptual de un estímulo visual de esta naturaleza, factores moduladores asociados a las fijaciones oculares del observador juegan un rol, lo mismo que la modulación que puede ejercer la carga semántica proveniente de otro estímulo de diferente modalidad sensorial presentado junto con la imagen. Emerge, en consecuencia, el problema de si, ante la presencia de una estimulación multimodal audiovisual en la que el audio tiene carga semántica asociada a los perceptos de una imagen biestable, se produce efectivamente una modulación semántica y si, adicionalmente, es posible reconocer una asociación entre las fijaciones oculares hechas sobre la imagen biestable y el percepto que de ella se reconoce. Para resolver esta cuestión, se diseñó una tarea experimental en la que treinta y cinco (35) participantes observaron en un dispositivo fijo de registro de actividad oculomotora de 120 Hz. la imagen biestable My girlfriend or my mother-in-law mientras escuchaban tonos de voz, uno de una mujer joven, otro de una mujer anciana, para observar el efecto modulador de dichas tonalidades vocales. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las duraciones de las interpretaciones congruentes y no congruentes con el audio. También se encontró evidencia de la relación entre las fijaciones oculares manifestadas en las áreas de análisis y los perceptos visuales reportados. Adicionalmente, el entendimiento de los audios moduladores no se constituyó en un factor que repercutiera en las percepciones visuales congruentes con el modulador acústico. Se concluye que tanto las fijaciones oculares como la carga semántica auditiva guardan relación con la percepción de la image biestable.

TODAY's SMART CITY TRENDS IN THE WORLD

Digitalization today is a modern trend focused on streamlining processes and improving efficiency. The introduction of information and communication technologies has affected not only enterprises, but complex socio-economic systems as cities, and this predetermined the development of smart cities. Today, IBM, McKinsey or Price Waterhouse are considered the brain centers for the development of this concept, while Siemens, BMW, Mercedes Benz, IBM, Phillips, General Electric, etc., discovered the “smart” city as a future-oriented concept, and chose only that a niche in which they can offer their products and services. The development of smart cities is also influenced by intergovernmental organizations and their specialized departments, as well as research centers, institutes and laboratories. There are more than 100 cities in the world that claim the title of “smart city”. At the same time, their current ratings reflect the implementation of modern information and communication technologies in the life of a person with the aim of improving the quality of his life in the development of the urban environment. The IESE Cities in Motion Index, Global Power City Index, The Global Cities Index, The Global Cities Outlook, Juniper Research, EasyPark Smart City Index ratings provide sufficient and comprehensive indicators to give this title. The developed standards ISO 37120 and ISO 37122 determine the main indicators for smart cities, while the criteria that determine the achievement of city smartness are conditionally formed today, which allows to clarify the semantic loads implemented in this definition, namely, to prioritize technologies for people and society, improving quality of life, and highlight differences with other similar definitions.

PREPARATIONS OF FORENSIC PERSONNEL TRAINING IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The article considers the problems of professional training of forensic experts in conditions of modern legal proceedings based on the analysis of forensic activity of the Republic of Moldova and other neighboring countries for the period of 19912019. The peculiarities of expert personnel training are clarified, as well as the importance of a rational approach to the process in order to ensure an effective expert practice and affect the modern legal proceedings in general. Based on the definition of forensic examination as a complex procedural action, taking into account the semantic load of the term “specialized knowledge” used while court proceedings, as well as the same term “specialized knowledge” in its general interpretation, the author’s vision of the stages of forensic personnel training is proposed. The article defines that, while ongoing professional training the expert masters new achievements of relevant sciences, fields of technology, accumulates new knowledge, practical skills and abilities required for the successful performance of functional duties in his/her position. It is noted that in some countries of the world, ongoing training of forensic experts is obligatory and provided at the legislative level.
 Thus, the scientific article focuses on a clear delineation of the mentioned concepts. The stages of the process of forensic personnel training and its types are defined, as well as the scientific links of specialized training processes within the scope of higher education and professional training of forensic experts, which is the most crucial factor at the present stage in terms of a proper understanding of knowledge requirements that a forensic expert should possess in the present conditions.

SEMANTIC AND TEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF CALLS

The article is devoted to consideration of main results of semantic and textual analysis of calls in the modern Ukrainian socio-political discourse. Forensic linguistic (semantic and textual) examination of speech to identify statements expressed as calls is one of the most relevant ones while pre-trial investigation and trial of criminal proceedings.
 The Article purpose is defining of a subject and object in forensic linguistic (semantic and textual) examination of writing, analysis of publicity criterion as one of fundamental during the establishment of appeal illocution in text content.
 The research was conducted on the basis of general scientific methods as well as on the basis of linguistics special methods and techniques, namely, using the method of observation, method of linguistic-stylistic analysis of a text, method of modeling, methods of semantic-syntactic and lexical-grammatical analysis, etc. Communicative intention of the author of the research in general was established with the help of the discursive method and the method of intent-analysis.
 The main result of the study is to obtain practical data on establishing the role of connotations of verbs of different modes of action in the structure of calls. The analysis of utterances with such a component as an indirect appeal is significant, its grammatical features are determined, and competence boundaries of a forensic expert in the field of forensic linguistic examination of a text are reflected in the article. It is established that nominalization is often used in the structure of constructions with the call illocution which belongs to the transformational speech process of transforming words of the verb grammatical form into a noun structural unit. The main characteristics of such types of appeals common in modern Ukrainian socio-political communicative discourse as call-slogan, call-appeal, call-program, evaluation-motivational call, etc., are outlined in the article. It is proved that main factors influencing type differences of calls are their semantic load and grammatical design.
 So far, the results of linguistic, semantic-textual research of appeals are the basis of a single algorithm for the study of speech structures of this type, they are relevant and significant for modern forensic practice.

Практические аспекты применения методики оценки эффективности коллаборационного технологического контура как механизма поддержки инновационно-инвестиционных драйверов экономических систем мезоуровня

Цель : статья посвящена формированию методического инструментария оценки коллаборационного технологического контура как механизма развития инновационно-инвестиционной деятельности. Об суждение : проанализированы современные условия инновационного и технологического развития отечественной экономики и выявлена эффективность объединения усилий и ресурсных возможностей государственного, научного и предпринимательского секторов. Выявлена взаимосвязь между множеством элементов, формирующих блоки контура. Осуществлен анализ возможных показателей, несущих максимальную смысловую нагрузку при формировании блоков контура. Ре зультаты : представлено авторское определение коллаборационного технологического контура и доказана его роль в развитии инновационной и технологической деятельности. Сформированы методические подходы к оценке эффективности контура по блокам. Сформирован алгоритм оценки эффективности в разрезе отдельных показателей. Доказана возможность практического применения представленной методики.