Self-powered Sensor Research Articles

An omnidirectional low-frequency wave vibration energy harvester with complementary advantages of pendulum and gyroscope structures

To address the challenge of omnidirectional low-frequency wave vibration energy harvesting, this paper proposes a wave vibration energy harvester that combines a pendulum structure with a gyroscope structure. The Euler-Lagrange equation of the harvester kinematic model is established and solved to confirm its complementary advantages. The pendulum structure initiates the rotation of the magnetic levitation flywheel through the gears, and directs the flywheel precession to achieve a greater gyroscopic torque. The gyroscope structure generates gyroscopic torque, which helps the pendulum structure easily pass-through positions where the mass torque is small. The two structures work together to overcome the electromagnetic damping and generate electricity. This increases the power output and power density. An experimental platform for wave simulation is built to test the energy harvester. The results show that at a frequency of 1 Hz and an amplitude of ±20°, the average power output of the energy harvester is 67.51 mW when the load is 910 Ω, and the flywheel speed is 899.51 rpm. This is of great significance for the application of self-powered wireless sensors in smart ocean.

Scott-Russel Linkage-Based Triboelectric Self-Powered Sensor for Contact Material-Independent Force Sensing and Tactile Recognition.

The rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) in recent years has increased demand for various sensors to collect a wide range of data. Among various sensors, the demand for force sensors that can recognize physical phenomena in 3D space has notably increased. Recent research has focused on developing energy harvesting methods for sensors to address their maintenance problems. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based force sensors are a promising solution for converting external motion into electrical signals. However, conventional TENG-based force sensors that use the signal peak can negatively affect data accuracy. In this study, a Scott-Russell linkage-inspired TENG (SRI-TENG) is developed. The SRI-TENG has completely separate signal generation and measurement sections, and the number of peaks in the electrical output is measured to prevent disturbing output signals. In addition, the lubricant liquid enhances durability, enabling stable force signal measurements for 270000 cycles. The SRI system demonstrates consistent peak counts and high accuracy across different contacting surfaces, indicating that it can function as a contact material-independent self-powered force sensor. Furthermore, using a deep learning method, it is demonstrated that it can function as a multimodal sensor by realizing the tactile properties of various materials.

Harnessing the power of temperature gradient-enhanced pyroelectricity: self-powered temperature/light detection in Ce-doped HfO2 ferroelectric films with downward spontaneous polarization

Ferroelectric materials are ideal for self-powered sensors in Internet of Things (IoT) and high-precision detection systems due to their excellent polarization properties. Compatibility with miniaturization, high-density systems, and complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processes is crucial for their widespread adoption. HfO2-based ferroelectric films show potential in self-powered pyroelectric sensors as their thinness enables effective temperature and light detection. However, the disordered ferroelectric domain distribution limits their pyroelectric performance and hampers the development of highly integrated self-powered pyroelectric devices. This report investigates the temperature and light detection capabilities of Ce-doped HfO2 ferroelectric films, which exhibit as-grown spontaneous polarization in the downward direction, making them a promising option for self-powered pyroelectric sensors. The findings provide robust evidence that the introduction of a temperature gradient significantly enhances pyroelectricity. In addition, their applications in the detection of hot/cold wind and breathing have been proved. Notably, the 30 nm thick Ce-doped HfO2 ferroelectric film has a high pyroelectric coefficient of about 894.7 μC·m–2·K–1 and enables high-precision detection of changes in temperature of 0.1 K. This study highlights the potential application of HfO2-based ferroelectric films in self-powered sensors with temperature and light detection capabilities, making them a promising candidate for future IoT-based systems and high-precision detection systems.

A self-powered spring-based triboelectric vibration sensor

Abstract Self-powered vibration sensors have gained attention due to their versatility. However, a limitation of many existing self-powered sensors is their single-direction functionality, which hinders their effectiveness in capturing multidirectional human movement’s swinging motions. To address this, this study introduces an innovative self-powered vibration sensor based on the triboelectrification effect of an inverted pendulum metal ball. This novel sensor excels at detecting micro-vibrations through the freestanding sliding electrification of a metal ball using Kapton tape. The generated charge is transferred through interdigital electrodes arranged in a spiral pattern. To ensure adaptability to various motion types, the metal ball is affixed to a spring and configured as an inverted pendulum. This setup allows the sensor to detect both linear and rotary motions across a range of acceleration levels. The fabricated sensor exhibits remarkable sensitivity, measuring 0.203 V/mm. It was affixed to the human body to detect low-frequency vibrations, particularly those below 20 Hz. Impressively, it can detect millimeter-scale vibrations, even up to 3 mm, at different rotational angles (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°). This outcome highlights the promising performance of our vibration sensor in the field of human motion monitoring, making it a significant advancement in the realm of self-powered vibration sensors.

Advancements in Energy Harvesting: Piezoelectric, Triboelectric, Pyroelectric, and Magnetoelectric Technologies for Self-powered Sensor Systems

In the era of Internet of Things (IoT) advancements, millions of sensors and electronic devices are interconnected through the internet. A reliable power source is required for their continuous operation. Self-powered sensor systems have emerged as promising solutions for various applications including wearable devices and environmental monitoring, benefiting both society and the environment. These systems can maintain themselves by eliminating the need for external power sources or frequent battery replacements and converting discarded energy sources around them into electrical energy. Among various energy harvesting technologies, piezoelectric, triboelectric, pyroelectric, and magnetoelectric mechanisms have garnered significant attention due to their ability to convert mechanical, frictional, thermal, and magnetic energy into electrical power, respectively. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in these technologies for self-powered sensor systems, catering to a wide audience. It explores fundamental principles of their-energy harvesting mechanisms, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and potential applications. In addition, this review discusses challenges related to the development of nanogenerator-based self-powered sensor systems and presents new opportunities for their advancement.

Analysis of PZT Piezoelectric Sensors in Buckling Mode for Dynamic Strain Measurement

Fatigue Life Monitoring is crucial to ensure engineering structures' safety and durability. This paper introduces an innovative approach for fatigue life monitoring using a soft PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate) piezoelectric sensor operating in buckling mode to measure applied cyclic strains. A particular emphasis is on the utilization of a 3D-printed 'Extension' that serves as the platform upon which the PZT sensor is installed and operates in buckling mode while subjected to cyclic strains. An analytical framework is presented, which encompasses the development of the governing equations to establish a direct relationship between dynamic strain values and the sensor's output. Critical strain attributes, such as amplitude and occurrence strain rate also taken into account. The analytical solutions are validated by a series of experimental tests under various dynamic loading conditions. The PZT sensor, when integrated with the 3D-printed extension and operated in buckling mode, exhibits high sensitivity and functions as a passive dynamic strain measurement sensor, with high potential to be used as self-powered sensor nodes for fatigue life monitoring of engineering structures.

Mxene-based capacitive enzyme-free biofuel cell Self-Powered sensor for lead ion detection in human plasma

In response to the health risks posed by heavy metal lead, we have developed a self-powered sensor specifically designed for detection of lead ions in this work. This sensor is designed based on an enzyme-free biofuel cell as a self-powered source. The biofuel cell utilizes two-dimensional lamellar Au NPs-Ti3C2Tx heterostructures as the capacitive anode substrate material. The Ti3C2Tx MXene with the excellent charge storage capacity and fast discharge characteristics, provides a large instantaneous current for signal amplification. Furthermore, the DNA walker technique was combined to regulate the loading of ultra-small Au NPs exhibiting glucose oxidase-like properties. Meanwhile, Co, Mn nitrogen-doped carbon-based nanosheets were designed as the cathode with outstanding oxygen reduction reaction catalytic activity. As a result, the constructed enzyme-free biofuel cell has been used to detect Pb2+ with a wide linear range (0.01–7500 nM) and a low detection limit (0.43 pM). It has been successfully applied to the determination of Pb2+ in human plasma, achieving excellent recovery rates (94.0–110.5 %). The developed capacitive anodes not only significantly optimized the performance of the biofuel cell self-powered sensors, but also provided important insights for the future design and construction of biofuel cells.

Self-powered smart pressure sensors by stimuli-responsive ion transport within layered hydrogels

Self-powered ionic sensors represent an emerging class of device capable of detecting and converting external stimuli, such as pressure and temperature, into electrical outputs without the need for an external power source. However, they often suffer from relatively low sensitivity, and their detection capability is typically limited to the magnitude of external stimulus. In this study, we present a smart pressure sensor consisting of nanowire electrodes and three-component ionic hydrogels with distinct stiffnesses and ion selectivities. Our hydrogel device effectively converts external pressure into a convective flow of cations, which are efficiently captured by the nanowire electrodes, yielding remarkable electrical outputs. In addition, upon local compression, the hydrogel device induces a convective flow that guides cations to the nearest electrode with minimal frictional force. This creates local inhomogeneous ionic distributions around the electrodes, enabling the detection of the local position and directional movements of the applied pressure without the need for additional electrical circuits. By enabling the simultaneous detection of pressure magnitude, local position, and movement, our device is capable of encoding intricate movements into distinct electrical outputs, thereby presenting a novel avenue for the development of advanced self-powered sensors with enhanced capabilities.

Self-Poled Piezoelectric Nanocomposite Fiber Sensors for Wireless Monitoring of Physiological Signals.

Self-powered sensors have the potential to enable real-time health monitoring without contributing to the ever-growing demand for energy. Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) respond to mechanical deformations to produce electrical signals, imparting a sensing capability without external power sources. Textiles conform to the human body and serve as an interactive biomechanical energy harvesting and sensing medium without compromising comfort. However, the textile-based PENG fabrication process is complex and lacks scalability, making these devices impractical for mass production. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of a long-length PENG fiber compatible with industrial-scale manufacturing. The thermal drawing process enables the one-step fabrication of self-poled MoS2-poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanocomposite fiber devices integrated with electrodes. Heat and stress during thermal drawing and MoS2 nanoparticle addition facilitate interfacial polarization and dielectric modulation to enhance the output performance. The fibers show a 57 and 70% increase in the output voltage and current compared to the pristine PVDF fiber, respectively, at a considerably low MoS2 loading of 3 wt %. The low Young's modulus of the outer cladding ensures an effective stress transfer to the piezocomposite domain and allows minute motion detection. The flexible fibers demonstrate wireless, self-powered physiological sensing and biomotion analysis capability. The study aims to guide the large-scale production of highly sensitive integrated fibers to enable textile-based and plug-and-play wearable sensors.

Self-Powered Sensors Made with Fabric-Based Electrodes and a Conductive Coating.

Amidst the growing challenge of meeting global energy demands with conventional sources, self-powered devices offer promising solution. Flexible and stretchable electronics are pivotal in wearable technology, enhancing the scope and functionality of these devices. This study employs potassium sodium niobite-lithium antimonate (K0.5Na0.5NbO3-LiSbO3) nanoparticles as fillers in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to fabricate piezoelectric thin films. These films are integrated with fabric-based electrodes to develop high-performance, flexible self-powered sensors. The sensor comprises a fabric-based electrode with polypyrrole (PPy) coated on plain nylon fabric, a 0.93KNN-0.07LS/PVDF composite piezoelectric thin film, and a protective PET layer. Results demonstrate that the 0.93KNN-0.07LS/PVDF-PPy/nylon composite sensors exhibit a stable piezoelectric output. Under 6 Hz and 10 N excitation, the piezoelectric output reaches approximately 6.1 V upon pressing. Additionally, the device shows good linear sensitivity in the 2-20 N pressure range and produces clear, regular output waveforms under cyclic pressures of varying frequencies and amplitudes, indicating excellent response repeatability. Even after extensive bending, twisting, and 5000 pressing cycles, the sensors maintain considerable cyclic stability, demonstrating high durability. These tests collectively indicate that the developed sensors possess high sensitivity, flexibility, durability, stability, and significant self-powered potential. This research provides a reference for the next generation of textile-based electrodes and offers potential strategies for flexible, wearable applications.

A novel tiny triboelectric acoustic sensor design based on nanocomposite enhancement for highly-sensitive, broadband, and self-powered multi-functional applications

This work proposes a novel acoustic nanocomposite fibrous membrane-based triboelectric nanogenerator (NFM-TENG) with excellent acoustical-to-electrical conversion performance. The optimal combination for the triboelectric pairs of NFM-TENG is identified: a polyvinylidene fluoride-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PVDF-MWCNTs (1 wt%)) nanofibrous membrane as the tribo-positive layer, and a corona-charged fluorinated ethylene-propylene (FEP) solid membrane as the tribo-negative layer, resulting in higher electric output than single-friction-layered NFM-TENG (32 times). Under the acoustic excitation of 116 dB at 200 Hz, the acoustic NFM-TENG can generate a maximum areal power density of 3.78 W/m2. The NFM-TENG can be used not only as a acoustic energy harvester, but also as a self-powered triboelectric acoustic sensor (TAS) for real-time voice recording and control. For convenience, for the first time, an advanced tiny TAS (TTAS, diameter: only 9.7 mm) based on the NFM-TENG is developed and its sensitivity is calibrated as -50 dB according to the International standard IEC61094. Experimental results also verified that the TTAS with broadband response ability (20–20,000 Hz) is fully competent for commercial applications such as real-time voice control, HMI, and other multi-scenarios. The TTAS is smart, reliable and customizable, potentially leading to a new revolution in intelligent interaction.

Development of Highly Flexible Piezoelectric PVDF-TRFE/Reduced Graphene Oxide Doped Electrospun Nano-Fibers for Self-Powered Pressure Sensor.

The demand for self-powered, flexible, and wearable electronic devices has been increasing in recent years for physiological and biomedical applications in real-time detection due to their higher flexibility and stretchability. This work fabricated a highly sensitive, self-powered wearable microdevice with Poly-Vinylidene Fluoride-Tetra Fluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) nano-fibers using an electrospinning technique. The dielectric response of the polymer was improved by incorporating the reduced-graphene-oxide (rGO) multi-walled carbon nano-tubes (MWCNTs) through doping. The dielectric behavior and piezoelectric effect were improved through the stretching and orientation of polymeric chains. The outermost layer was attained by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of conductive polymer poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) to enhance the electrical conductivity and sensitivity. The hetero-structured nano-composite comprises PVDF-TrFE doped with rGO-MWCNTs over poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), forming continuous self-assembly. The piezoelectric pressure sensor is capable of detecting human physiological vital signs. The pressure sensor exhibits a high-pressure sensitivity of 19.09 kPa-1, over a sensing range of 1.0 Pa to 25 kPa, and excellent cycling stability of 10,000 cycles. The study reveals that the piezoelectric pressure sensor has superior sensing performance and is capable of monitoring human vital signs, including heartbeat and wrist pulse, masticatory movement, voice recognition, and eye blinking signals. The research work demonstrates that the device could potentially eliminate metallic sensors and be used for early disease diagnosis in biomedical and personal healthcare applications.

A Blade-Type Triboelectric-Electromagnetic Hybrid Generator with Double Frequency Up-Conversion Mechanism for Harvesting Breeze Wind Energy.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have garnered substantial attention in breeze wind energy harvesting. However, how to improve the output performance and reduce friction and wear remain challenging. To this end, a blade-type triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid generator (BT-TEHG) with a double frequency up-conversion (DFUC) mechanism is proposed. The DFUC mechanism enables the TENG to output a high-frequency response that is 15.9 to 300 times higher than the excitation frequency of 10 to 200 rpm. Coupled with the collisions between tribomaterials, a higher surface charge density and better generating performance are achieved. The magnetization direction and dimensional parameters of the BT-TEHG were optimized, and its generating characteristics under varying rotational speeds and electrical boundary conditions were studied. At wind speeds of 2.2 and 10 m/s, the BT-TEHG can generate, respectively, power of 1.30 and 19.01 mW. Further experimentation demonstrates its capacity to charge capacitors, light up light emitting diodes (LEDs), and power wireless temperature and humidity sensors. The demonstrations show that the BT-TEHG has great potential applications in self-powered wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for environmental monitoring of intelligent agriculture.

Self-Powered Acceleration Sensor for Distance Prediction via Triboelectrification.

Accurately predicting the distance an object will travel to its destination is very important in various sports. Acceleration sensors as a means of real-time monitoring are gaining increasing attention in sports. Due to the low energy output and power density of Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs), recent efforts have focused on developing various acceleration sensors. However, these sensors suffer from significant drawbacks, including large size, high complexity, high power input requirements, and high cost. Here, we described a portable and cost-effective real-time refreshable strategy design comprising a series of individually addressable and controllable units based on TENGs embedded in a flexible substrate. This results in a highly sensitive, low-cost, and self-powered acceleration sensor. Putting, which accounts for nearly half of all strokes played, is obviously an important component of the golf game. The developed acceleration sensor has an accuracy controlled within 5%. The initial velocity and acceleration of the forward movement of a rolling golf ball after it is hit by a putter can be displayed, and the stopping distance is quickly calculated and predicted in about 7 s. This research demonstrates the application of the portable TENG-based acceleration sensor while paving the way for designing portable, cost-effective, scalable, and harmless ubiquitous self-powered acceleration sensors.

Origami-Inspired Bionic Soft Robot Stomach with Self-Powered Sensing.

The stomach is a vital organ in the human digestive system, and its digestive condition is critical to human health. The physical movement of the stomach during digestion is controlled by the circular and oblique muscles. Existing stomach simulators are unable to realistically reproduce the physical movement of the stomach. Due to the complexity of gastric motility, it is challenging to simulate and sense gastric motility. This study proposes for the first time a bionic soft robotic stomach (BSRS) with an integrated drive and sensing structure inspired by origami and self-powered sensing technology. This soft stomach (SS) can realistically simulate and sense the movements of various parts of the human stomach in real-time. The contraction force and contraction rate of the BSRS are investigated with different viscosity contents, and the experimental values are similar to the physiological range (maximum contraction force is 3.2 N, and maximum contraction rate is 0.8). This paper provides an experimental basis for the study of gastric digestive medicine and food science by simulating the peristaltic motion of the BSRS according to the human stomach and by combining the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) sensing technology to monitor the motion of the BSRS in real-time.

Electromechanical Performance and Figure of Merit Optimization for Flexible Lead-Free PDMS-BaTiO 3 Piezocomposites.

In the modern era of the Internet of Things, the potential role of flexible piezoelectric generators (PEG) reflects the rapid increase in self-powered devices and wearable technologies. In this study, a casting process to elaborate the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/barium titanate (BaTiO 3) composite has been presented. The addition of 15 wt % BaTiO 3 microparticles into the PDMS polymer greatly enhances the piezoelectric coefficient (d 31 = 24 pC N-1), leading to an increased output voltage of approximately 4 V under finger tapping force. The proposed flexible microgenerator yielded an excellent piezoelectric figure of merit (FoM 31 = 13.1 × 10-12 m2 N-1), significantly enhancing successfully the energy-harvesting performance (power density of 35 nW/cm2). Furthermore, the fabricated lead-free PEG exhibited an excellent flexibility figure of merit (fFoM) due to the low young modulus values (Maximum E = 3.4 MPa). These results indicate efficient energy conversion and demonstrate a favorable balance between the flexibility and piezoelectric properties of the composite, highlighting its potential for a wide range of applications in self-powered wearable sensors able to collect different human motions in applications such as gesture tracking and finger motion detection.

Enhancing stability and efficiency in SnO2 based HTL-free, printable carbon-based perovskite solar cells for outdoor/indoor photovoltaics

Recent advancements in hole transport layer (HTL)-free, printable carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) have gained increased research interest. Notably, their scalability, cost-effectiveness, and improved stability make them particularly attractive among various perovskite solar cell configurations. In the current study, we explored the potential of un-encapsulated, HTL-free, C-PSCs in outdoor and indoor light conditions, employing different concentrations of tin oxide (SnO2) as the electron transport material. Among the investigated concentrations, 0.07 M SnO2 precursor yielded the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE), reaching 9.79% under standard 1 sun illumination and 10.40% at a lower intensity of 0.6 sun. The PSCs demonstrated a remarkable 22.37% efficiency under 1000 lx indoor CFL illumination, and attained 22.21% efficiency under LED illumination, marking the highest reported indoor photovoltaic performance for carbon-based, HTL-free PSCs. To elucidate the underlying charge-transfer process, we carried out intensity-dependent current−voltage (J-V) measurements to analyze non-radiative bulk recombination in the perovskite layer. Interfacial recombination was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and transient photovoltage decay measurements. Optical and electrical stimulation of C-PSCs were performed under both full sun and indoor illumination, providing insight into recombination and light absorption differences under these illuminations. Additionally, we also showcased the potential of simple, printable indoor light harvesters for self-powered applications by connecting two C-PSCs to create a self-powered temperature sensor.

Light-Boosting Highly Sensitive and Ultrafast Piezoelectric Sensor Based on Composite Membrane of Copper Phthalocyanine and Graphene Oxide.

Self-powered wearable pressure sensors based on flexible electronics have emerged as a new trend due to the increasing demand for intelligent and portable devices. Improvements in pressure-sensing performance, including in the output voltage, sensitivity and response time, can greatly expand their related applications; however, this remains challenging. Here, we report on a highly sensitive piezoelectric sensor with novel light-boosting pressure-sensing performance, based on a composite membrane of copper phthalocyanine (CuPC) and graphene oxide (GO) (CuPC@GO). Under light illumination, the CuPC@GO piezoelectric sensor demonstrates a remarkable increase in output voltage (381.17 mV, 50 kPa) and sensitivity (116.80 mV/kPa, <5 kPa), which are approximately twice and three times of that the sensor without light illumination, respectively. Furthermore, light exposure significantly improves the response speed of the sensor with a response time of 38.04 µs and recovery time of 58.48 µs, while maintaining excellent mechanical stability even after 2000 cycles. Density functional theory calculations reveal that increased electron transfer from graphene to CuPC can occur when the CuPC is in the excited state, which indicates that the light illumination promotes the electron excitation of CuPC, and thus brings about the high polarization of the sensor. Importantly, these sensors exhibit universal spatial non-contact adjustability, highlighting their versatility and applicability in various settings.

Frequency-Selective, Multi-Channel, Self-Powered Artificial Basilar Membrane Sensor with a Spiral Shape and 24 Critical Bands Inspired by the Human Cochlea.

A spiral-artificial basilar membrane (S-ABM) sensor is reported that mimics the basilar membrane (BM) of the human cochlea and can detect sound by separating it into 24 sensing channels based on the frequency band. For this, an analytical function is proposed to design the width of the BM so that the frequency bands are linearly located along the length of the BM. To fabricate the S-ABM sensor, a spiral-shaped polyimide film is used as a vibrating membrane, with maximum displacement at locations corresponding to specific frequency bands of sound, and attach piezoelectric sensor modules made of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) film on top of the polyimide film to measure the vibration amplitude at each channel location. As the result, the S-ABM sensor implements a characteristic frequency band of 96-12,821Hz and 24-independent critical bands. Using real-time signals from discriminate channels, it is demonstrated that the sensor can rapidly identify the operational noises from equipment processes as well as vehicle sounds from environmental noises on the road. The sensor can be used in a variety of applications, including speech recognition, dangerous situation recognition, hearing aids, and cochlear implants, and more.

Strong magnetoelectric coupling in novel Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–BaFe12-2xCoxTixO19 multiferroic composite

Multiferroic composites of sol-gel synthesized Sodium Bismuth Titanate (Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3) and Co–Ti substituted Barium Hexaferrite (BaFe12-2xCoxTixO19; x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0) in the ratio 3:1 was synthesized through ceramic route. Successful formation of R3c rhombohedral and P63/mmc hexagonal phases corresponding to Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 and BaFe12-2xCoxTixO19 respectively was confirmed from the XRD and Rietveld refinement pattern. The frequency and temperature dependence of dielectric constant and loss of the composite systems exhibited typical dispersion behaviour which could be understood using the Maxwell-Wagner model. Substituted samples showed enhanced dielectric behaviour where dielectric constant was observed to increase while loss tangent decreased. Using the Universal Jonscher's Power law (JPL), conductivition mechanisms of the composite systems were studied from the ac conductivity behaviour which revealed that the x = 0.0 sample followed Non-overlapping Small Polaron Tunnelling (NSPT) model while the remaining samples followed the Correlated Barrier Hopping (CBH) model. The complex impedance and Nyquist plot analysis showed the enhancement of resistive property in the x≠0 systems. Magnetic hysteresis loop measurements were conducted, and the associated parameters were determined with the assistance of the Law of Approach to Saturation (LAS). Favourable reduction in the magnetic anisotropy was observed indicating the disturbance of magnetic spin structure in the hexaferrite phase. The P-E loops established the novel room temperature multiferroic nature of the composite systems. Significant magnetoelectric coupling was detected at room temperature in all samples, with the x = 0.5 sample exhibiting the highest value of approximately 59.81 mV/cmOe. These desirable properties suggest that the composites may find future device applications as in magnetically tunable energy harvesting devices and self-powered magnetoelectric sensors in the future.