Self-etching Primer Research Articles

Bond Strength of Methacrylate-based Blends Containing Elastomeric Monomers and Alternative Initiators after Thermomechanical Cycling.

To evaluate the bond strength to dentin produced by experimental adhesives formulated with an elastomeric methacrylate monomer (EMM) and an alternative initiator system based on a Thioxanthone derivative (QTX). A self-etching primer was used. For the bonding resin, a model adhesive (G1) was formulated containing bis-GMA/TEG-DMA/HEMA (co-monomeric blend) + CQ/EDAB (initiator system). The other groups were formulated by adding to this formulation: EMM only (G2), QTX (G3), or EMM and QTX (G4). Clearfil SE Bond was used as the commercial control group. Fifty bovine teeth (n = 5) were restored with each one of the five adhesives. After restorative procedures, half of the specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h. The other half was fixed on a metal stub and subjected to 200,000 mechanical (50 N loading at 2 Hz frequency) and 1000 thermal cycles (5°C and 55°C). Afterwards, specimens were serially sectioned into beams and tested in tension until fracture. Bond strengths were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 5%). After 24 h, significantly higher µTBS was observed for the formulation containing EMM and QTX (G4) when compared to Clearfil SE Bond (p < 0.05). No significant differences in µTBS were detected among the experimental groups after 24 h (p>0.05). After thermomechanical cycling, no significant differences were observed among groups. The addition of EMM and QTX can be considered as possible alternative in dental adhesive formulations.

Effect of a self-etching primer containing 4-META and sodium sulfite after phosphoric acid etching on bonding strength of MMA-TBB resin to human enamel

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength and durability of MMA-TBB resin to human enamel applied a self-etching primer with phosphoric acid etching. MethodsA self-etching primer (Teeth primer, TP) containing 4-methacryloyloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4-META) and sodium sulfite and two etchants having different phosphoric acid concentrations (K-etchant gel, KE, 35–45%: Red gel, RG, 20–25%) were used as treatment agent, and MMA-TBB resin was used as luting agent. Enamel surfaces were treated with six methods which were as follow: KE, RG, TP, KE+TP, and RG+TP. After enamel specimens were bonded with MMA-TBB resin and stored in distilled water for 24h, the shear bond strength test was done at 0 thermocycling or 20,000 thermocycling. These results were statistically verified with Steel-Dwass multiple comparisons and Man–Whitney U test. ResultsThe shear bond strength of TP group, KE+TP group, and RG+TP group were significantly higher than KE group and RG group in pre-thermocycling. KE+TP group and RG+TP group were significantly higher than other groups in post-thermocycling. ConclusionsApplying TP with phosphoric acid etching can increased shear bond durability despite difference of phosphoric acid concentrations (35–45% or 20–25%).

Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Two Bonding Agents for Recycled Self-Ligating Brackets

Introduction: Bracket dislodgment is a common orthodontic problem. The clinician might hasthe option of reusing the old bracket after recycling rather than replacing it with a new one.Purpose: This current invitro study was designed to compare the effect of recycling of selfligatingbrackets on shear bond strength (SBS) of both flowable composite and self-etch primer.Materials & Methods: Thirty extracted premolars were randomly divided into two groups of15 teeth per each according to the type of adhesive used. In group I, self-ligating (Damon) Bracketswere bounded with flowable composite Grandio Flow (GF) and in group II were bonded withTransbond plus self-etch primer (SEP). All the specimen were subjected to recycling by a low speedcarbide debonding burs. The Universal Testing Machine was used to measure SBS. The mode ofbond failure was evaluated by the adhesive remnant index (ARI). The data was analysed with T-testwhile ARI scores were evaluated by Wilcoxon test.Results: There was a significant difference between the two tested groups (P 0.05), for ARI, there was a nonsignificant difference between the two tested groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Self-ligating Damon brackets bonded with (GF) and (SEP) could be successfullyrecycled by low speed debonding bur. GF was superior in SBS.Key words: bond strength, recycling, self ligating brackets, adhesives.

Improving the durability of resin-dentin bonds with an antibacterial monomer MDPB.

The 12-methacryloxydodecylpyridium bromide (MDPB) has been reported to act as a matrix metalloprotease (MMP) inhibitor. In this study, the effects of application of MDPB on resin-dentin bonds were evaluated. The resin-dentin bonded specimens were prepared with a commercial MDPB-containing self-etching primer or a self-etching primer without MDPB, and stored 24 h or 1 year. Surfaces were pretreated with chlorhexidine or MDPB-containing cavity disinfectant. Additionally, we compared the degradation patterns between the two self-etching adhesives and etch and rinse system. Water tree formations were observed as the typical morphological phase of the two tested self-etching adhesives for both 24 h and 1 year groups. The degradation phase of collagen network depletion was observed in the adhesive interface of the etch-and-rinse system in the 1 year group. Pretreatment with chlorhexidine did not prevent bond strength reduction after 1 year. The cavity disinfectant improved the bond durability for the self-etching adhesive.

Laboratory evaluation of shear bond strength of three different bonding systems for orthodontic brackets

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of three different types of bonding systems for orthodontic brackets to tooth surface. Materials and Methods: Sixty sound premolar teeth divided randomly into three groups of 20 each. In group A, the brackets were bonded using conventional etch system. In group B, brackets were bonded using self-etch primer system, while in group C, brackets were bonded using one step adhesive system. Premolar teeth were mounted with cold acrylic resin in metallic mold and brackets were shear tested to failure using universal testing machine recorded in Newton for all specimens. Results: Group C shows significantly higher value of shear bond strength in comparison to groups A and B, while there was no significant difference between group A and B. Conclusion: Orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel surface using one-step bonding system (GC ortho connect) without primer was significantly higher than brackets bonded using conventional or self-etch systems.

Microtensile and Microshear Bond Strength of Cemented Ceramics Using Self-Etching Primer versus Conventional Surface Treatment

Microtensile and Microshear Bond Strength of Cemented Ceramics Using Self-Etching Primer versus Conventional Surface Treatment

Self-etching Primers vs Acid Conditioning: Impact on Bond Strength Between Ceramics and Resin Cement.

This study tested whether a self-etching surface agent and the conventional hydrofluoric acid (HF) would provide the same bonding capacity between resin cement and feldspathic (Fd) and lithium disilicate (Ld) ceramics. Ceramic blocks were cut with a low-speed diamond saw with water cooling (Isomet 1000, Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL, USA) into 20 blocks of 5 × 7 × 4 mm, which were ground flat in a polishing machine (EcoMet/AutoMet 250, Buehler) under water cooling. The blocks were randomly divided into eight groups (n=5), according to ceramic type (Ld or Fd), surface conditioning (HF + Monobond Plus or Etch and Prime), and aging by thermocycling (TC or absence-baseline). After 24 hours in 37°C distilled water, blocks were embedded into acrylic resin and 1-mm2 cross-section beams composed of ceramic/cement/composite were obtained. The microtensile test was performed in a universal testing machine (DL-1000, EMIC, São José dos Campos, Brazil; 0.5 mm.min-1, 50 kgf load cell). Bond strength (MPa) was calculated by dividing the load at failure (in N) by the bonded area (mm2). The fractured specimens were examined under stereomicroscopy, and one representative sample of each group was randomly selected before the cementation and was further used for analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The self-etching agent showed the highest bond strength for Fd (24.66±4.5) and Ld (24.73±6.9) ceramics and a decrease in surface wettability. SEM and EDS showed the presence of similar components in the tested materials with different topographies for both. Therefore, the self-etching primer was able to deliver even higher bonding than HF+silane to a resin cement.

Evaluation of Diode laser (940 nm) irradiation effect on microleakage in class V composite restoration before and after adhesive application

Introduction: Nowadays, the main focus of dental studies is on adhesive dental materials; since clinical long-term success of bonded restorations depended more on marginal microleakage minimization. So, the aim of this study was Evaluation of Diode laser irradiation effect on microleakage in class V composite restoration before and after adhesive application. Materials and methods: In this in vitro-experimental study, standard class V cavity was prepared on lingual and buccal surfaces of 60 premolar teeth. For evaluation of microleakage, 60 teeth were divided randomly into four groups A, B, C, D (n=15): A) primer + adhesive (Clearfil TM SE Bond), B) primer + Diode laser + adhesive (940nm wave-length, 21J total energy, 0.7W power, 30s irradiation time) C) primer + adhesive + Diode laser D) primer + Diode laser + adhesive + Diode laser. Then, restoration was completed by Z250 composite. For data analyzing, we used SPSS 16 software. For statistical analysis, we used Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis & Mann-Whitney tests at 0.05% significance level. Results: According to non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, microleakage scores had not significant difference before and after laser irradiation on gingival margins (p=0.116). But, in occlusal margins the results were significant among the groups (p=0.015). Also according to non-parametric Mann-Whitney tests among the occlusal microleakage scores, group B and D (Diode laser irradiation after primer and Diode laser irradiation after primer and adhesive) showed significant results. Conclusion: This study findings showed that in 6th generation adhesives, Diode laser irradiation on self-etch primer before bonding have significant effect on reduction of occlusal marginal microleakage in class V cavities although there was no significant positive effect of Diode laser on gingival margins.

Influence of surface treatment on the performance of silorane-based composite resin in class I restorations: a randomized clinical trial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of silorane-based composite restorations applied after different surface treatments. This controlled and randomized clinical trial included 26 patients with class I restoration indications. The teeth were randomly assigned to the following treatments: control 1/G1, silorane specific self-etching adhesive (P90 self-etch primer and bond) + silorane-based composite resin (Filtek™ P90 low shrink posterior restorative); G2, 37% phosphoric acid + silorane specific self-etching adhesive + silorane-based composite resin; G3, blasting with aluminum oxide + silorane specific self-etching adhesive + silorane-based composite resin; and control 2/G4, self-etching adhesive (Adper™ SE Plus self-etch adhesive) + dimethacrylate-based composite resin (Filtek™ P60 posterior restorative). The clinical performance was evaluated at baseline and after 1year. A total of 141 restorations were made and evaluated. For all clinical criteria evaluated, no significant difference was found between the surface treatments at baseline and after 1year (p > 0.05). After 1year, only the group with 37% phosphoric acid + silorane specific self-etching adhesive (G2) showed a significant reduction in marginal adaptation (p < 0.05). In general, all surface treatments showed an adequate clinical performance for silorane-based composite resin in class I restorations. However, a reduction in the marginal adaptation after 1year was found when additional phosphoric acid etching was used prior to silorane specific self-etching adhesive. The use of phosphoric acid etching prior to specific self-etching adhesive can adversely affect the marginal adaptation of silorane-based restorations.

Antibacterial Effect and Tensile Bond Strength of Self-etching Adhesive Resins with and without Methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium Bromide: Anin vitroStudy

Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare the antibacterial activity of a self-etching primer containing antibacterial monomer methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB) (Clearfil protect bond) with a conventional self-etching primer without MDPB (Clearfil SE bond) against Streptococcus mutans and the effect of incorporation of MDPB on the tensile bond strength of the experimental self-etching primer (Clearfil protect bond). Materials and methods: The antibacterial activity of the self-etching primers was assessed using agar disk diffusion method and the diameters of the zones of inhibition were measured and ranked. For tensile bond strength testing, 20 noncarious human molars were selected and randomly divided into two groups comprising 10 teeth in each group. Group I specimens were treated with Clearfil SE bond (without MDPB). Group II specimens were treated with Clearfil protect bond (with MDPB). Composite material was placed incrementally and cured for 40 seconds in all the specimens. Tensile bond strength was estimated using the Instron Universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Results: The addition of MDPB into a self-etching primer exerts potential antibacterial effect against S. mutans. The tensile bond strength of MDPB containing self-etching primer was slightly lower than that of the conventional self-etching Clearfil protect bond primer, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Thus, a self-etching primer containing MDPB will be a boon to adhesive dentistry as it has bactericidal property with adequate tensile bond strength. Clinical significance: The concept of prevention of extension in adhesive dentistry would result in micro/nanoleakage due to the presence of residual bacteria in the cavity. Self-etching primers with MDPB would improve the longevity of such restorations by providing adequate antibacterial activity without compromising the bond strength. Keywords: Antibacterial property, Methacryloyloxydodecy-lpyridinium bromide, Self-etching primers, Tensile bond strength.

Influence of chemical conditioning on bonding precoated orthodontic brackets to fluorosed enamel surfaces using self-etch primer

Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of precoated orthodontic brackets bonded to chemically conditioned, fluorosed enamel surfaces using self-etch primer. Materials and Methods: Three groups of extracted premolars respectively with no (G1), mild (G2), and moderate (G3) fluorosis were recruited for this study. The buccal surfaces of teeth in each group were conditioned in three subgroups with air-water spray (SG1), 35% phosphoric acid (SG2), and 20% citric acid (SG3) before bonding precoated metal orthodontic brackets by the aid of self-etch primer. The bonded brackets in each subgroup were stressed on a universal testing machine to determine their shear bond strength. The debonded surfaces of each specimen were then assessed to determine the adhesive remnant index (ARI) in each subgroup. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS software (SPSS version 20.0, SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Teeth with mild and moderate fluorosis in G2, G3 provided lower bond strength than normal teeth in G1 (Tukey's, P

Microphotographic Assessment of Enamel Surface using Self-Etching Primer and Conventional Phosphoric Acid: An In vitro Study.

Introduction:Conventional acid-etching method irreversibly removes several microns of enamel surface and also involves many steps. Hence, a simplified technique that minimizes enamel loss, improves adhesion procedures, prevents saliva contamination, and saves chair time, thereby producing clinically useful bond strength, would be valuable.Aim:To assess and compare the bonding mechanism of a self-etching primer (SEP) to that of phosphoric acid on enamel of the human permanent teeth by a scanning electron microscope (SEM).Materials and Methods:Thirty freshly extracted premolars were randomly divided into two groups of fifteen teeth each – the control group I (phosphoric acid) and experimental group II (self-etching primer). Brackets were bonded using Transbond XT adhesive on the buccal surfaces of the teeth after etching and priming according to their respective protocols. The teeth were then sectioned and the samples were subjected to a protocol of demineralization cycles. After complete dissolution of dental tissues, the specimens were gold sputter coated and evaluated under SEM.Results:A characteristically uniform etch pattern was seen in the resin samples of the phosphoric acid/Transbond XT primer group, which revealed increased roughness and resin tags penetrating the demineralized enamel surface, whereas with Transbond Plus SEP, a regular resin tag distribution was observed which showed less magnitude when compared with the control group.Conclusion:From the study, it was concluded that Transbond Plus SEP produced an etch pattern which was more conservative than conventional phosphoric acid system.

An Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Admira (Ormocer) as an Alternative Material for Bonding Orthodontic Brackets: An In vitro Study.

Objective:To evaluate shear bond strength (SBS) of Ormocer-bonded orthodontic brackets with self-etching primer (SEP) and conventional adhesive system and also to assess the amount of adhesive remaining on the tooth surface after debonding using adhesive remnant index (ARI).Materials and Methods:The study was done on 90 extracted human upper first permanent maxillary premolars. The study sample was categorized into three groups of 30 each to assess the SBS using three adhesives, Ormocer, SEP, and conventional adhesive system. Following debonding, the surfaces of teeth were examined for residual adhesive remaining by means of the optical stereomicroscope at ×50 magnification. ARI (Artun and Bergland) was used to classify the amount of residual adhesive. Obtained data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and obtained data was expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and statistical analysis was done using one way ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U-test [SPSS version 17 statistical package (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL)].Results:The mean SBS was maximum in Group I followed by Group II and Group III. The difference in the mean SBS among Group I (8.67 ± 1.84 Mpa), Group II (7.72 ± 1.82 MPa) and Group III (6.42 ± 1.55 MPa) was statistically significant. ARI was maximum in Group I followed by Group II and minimum Group III.Conclusion:Ormocer may be utilized as a substitute to generally used bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate-based adhesives; however, its effectiveness should be determined clinically by in vivo studies.

SEM Evaluation of the Resin Tag Depths Produced by Two Self Etching Adhesive Systems In Ground Enamel

Bonded restorations have gradually replaced the previous reliance on silver amalgam over the years for posterior restoration. The benefits offered by bonded restorative materials have only increased with time and research. But the multiple steps and technique sensitivity of these materials still offer a challenge to the clinician. The general trend towards the simplification of the clinical procedures involved in composite restorations has led to the development of self-etching adhesive systems which have reduced the number of steps required during bonding. The objective of the current study was to measure and compare the resin tag lengths produced by single bond universal adhesive system which is a one-step technique (3M ESPE Single Bond Adhesive-single bottle system) and a self-etching primer and bonding system which is a two-step technique Kuraray Clearfil SE self-etch adhesive system (Two bottle system) in ground enamel under Scanning Electron Microscopy. In the current study, Resin tag lengths produced by Clearfil SE Bond were significantly longer than the resin tag lengths produced by 3M ESPE Single Bond.

Microtensile bond strength of self-etching adhesives to enamel

Purpose It is uncertain whether single-step self-etching adhesives form bond to enamel as reliable as those of etch-and-rinse adhesives. This study compared the microtensile bond strengths to ground enamel of three one-step self-etching adhesive systems, a self-etching primer system and an etch-and-rinse adhesive system. Materials and methods Human enamel was ground flat with 320-grit silicon carbide paper. The self-etching adhesives Clearfil Tri S Bond (Kuraray), Futurabond NR (Voco) and Hybrid Bond (Sun-Medical), the adhesive with a self-etching primer Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray) and the etch-and-rinse adhesive Admira Bond (Voco) were applied as directed, followed by a core of the same manufacturers' hybrid resin composite. A microtensile bond strength evaluation was performed after 48 h of water storage, using untrimmed beams ~1.0 ± 0.1 mm2 in cross-sectional area at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min. Results There were no pretest failures in any group, and failures were predominately adhesive or mixed. Adhesion to enamel of Futurabond NR and Clearfil SE Bond was not significantly different from Admira Bond, while Clearfil Tri S Bond and Hybrid Bond demonstrated significantly lower bond strengths (one-way analysis of variance, Tukey–Kramer multiple-comparison test, P Clinical significance Bond strength to ground enamel of self-etching adhesive systems was dependant on the type of adhesive and some materials showed bond strength that was not different than that of etch-and-rinse system.

Effect of deproteinization on the shear bond strength of metallic orthodontic bracket bonded to enamel surface using self-etching primer

Effect of deproteinization on the shear bond strength of metallic orthodontic bracket bonded to enamel surface using self-etching primer

Evaluation of fracture resistance of premolars restored with packable composite resin using different types of adhesive systems

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of human extracted premolars restored with packable composite resin by using three types of adhesive systems: two-step etch-and-rinse system, two-step self-etch primer adhesive system, and one-step self-etch adhesive system. Materials and methods Fifty sound maxillary second premolars were selected. Forty specimens received class II mesio-occluso-distal cavities with a 2 ± 0.2 mm pulpal depth, 1.5 ± 0.2 mm gingival width, 2 ± 0.2 mm axial height, and parallel proximal walls with 3 ± 0.2 mm buccolingual width. All samples were divided into five groups (10 each): group I: positive control group (intact teeth), group II: negative control group (prepared unrestored), groups III, IV, and V: prepared and restored with Filtek Z350 XT packable composite resin by using three types of adhesive systems; Adper Single Bond, Clearfil liner Bond F, Single Bond Universal Adhesives respectively. After thermocycling, Specimens were subjected to compressive axial loading, and were tested individually in a universal testing machine. Peak loads at fracture were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, version 20.0. Results All groups were significantly higher than prepared but unrestored teeth with no significant difference was recorded between the three types of adhesives. Conclusion Restoring with packable composite using adhesive system had improved the fracture resistance of teeth subjected to class II mesio-occluso-distal preparations. Using the adhesive systems, insignificantly affect fracture resistance of premolars.

Evaluation of MDP and NaF in Two-step Self-etch Adhesives on Enamel Microshear Bond Strength and Morphology of the Adhesive-Enamel Interface.

To evaluate the roles of MDP and NaF in the bonding resin of a two-step self-etch adhesive (2-SEA) on enamel bonding performance. The experimental 2-SEAs were composed of an MDP-containing self-etching primer and four different bonding resins which were MDP- and NaF-free (00), MDP-containing and NaF-free (M0), MDP-free and NaF-containing (0F), and MDP- and NaF-containing (MF) adhesives. Microshear bond strength (µSBS) to enamel and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the adhesive resin were determined. The morphological characteristics of the adhesive-enamel interface after acid-base challenge were observed using SEM to evaluate the acid-base resistant zone (ABRZ). No decrease in μSBS was observed even after thermocycling (TC) in 00, 0F and MF. However, the μSBS of M0 significantly decreased after TC. The UTS of M0 significantly decreased after 1- and 180-day storage in water. SEM observations indicated that ABRZ was present in all groups. However, formation of erosion beneath the ABRZ was observed in M0 and 00, whereas formation of a slope without erosion was observed at the bottom of the ABRZ in MF. In the experimental 2-SEAs, the addition of MDP alone to the adhesive resin did not contribute to an improvement in enamel bonding durability and interfacial morphology, whereas the addition of NaF in the adhesive resin demonstrated an enhancement of the bonding durability and improvement of acid resistance at the bonded interface.

Microtensile bond strength of resin cement primer containing nanoparticles of silver (NAg) and amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) to human dentin.

PURPOSEThe purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of incorporating nanoparticles of silver (NAg) and amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) into a self-etching primer of a resin cement on the microtensile bond strength of dentin, regarding the proven antibacterial feature of NAg and remineralizing effect of NACP.MATERIALS AND METHODSFlat, mid-coronal dentin from 20 intact extracted human third molars were prepared for cementation using Panavia F2.0 cement. The teeth were randomly divided into the four test groups (n=5) according to the experimental cement primer composition: cement primer without change (control group), primer with 1% (wt) of NACP, primer with 1% (wt) of physical mixture of NACP+Nag, and primer with 1% (wt) of chemical mixture of NACP+Nag. The resin cement was used according to the manufacturer's instructions. After storage in distilled water at 37℃ for 24 h, the bonded samples were sectioned longitudinally to produce 1.0 × 1.0 mm beams for micro-tensile bond strength testing in a universal testing machine. Failure modes at the dentin-resin interface were observed using a stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests and the level of significance was set at 0.05.RESULTSThe lowest mean microtensile bond strength was obtained for the NACP group. Tukey's test showed that the bond strength of the control group was significantly higher than those of the other experimental groups, except for group 4 (chemical mixture of NACP and NAg; P=.67).CONCLUSIONNovel chemical incorporation of NAg-NACP into the self-etching primer of resin cement does not compromise the dentin bond strength.

Evaluation of Different Enamel Surface Treatment on the Bracket Bonding

Objective: To evaluate and compare the effects of different enamel conditioning techniques on the shear bond strength of brackets, the failure sites following debonding and the surface morphology of the enamel. &#x0D; Methods: In this study, 72 human premolars were randomly divided into six groups of 12 specimens each. The enamel surfaces of the teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid in group PA, deproteinized using sodium hypochlorite and 37% phosphoric acid in group NaOCl + PA, sandblasted and etched with 37% phosphoric acid in group AA + PA, conditioned by self-etching primer in group TPSEP, deproteinized using sodium hypochlorite and conditioned by self-etching primer in group NaOCl +TPSEP, sandblasted and conditioned by self-etching primer in group AA + TPSEP. After enamel conditioning procedures, brackets were bonded to the treated enamel surface, and shear bonding test was performed. After deboning, ARI scores were calculated for all groups. Two samples from each group before bonding procedure were inspected by SEM to study the surface topography of enamel following different conditioning techniques. Data were subjected to analysis of One-way variance, Scheff post hoc, Chi-square and Spearman’s tests. &#x0D; Results: The mean bond strength values for groups NaOCl and PA have a higher mean shear bond strength among other groups while self-etching primer in group TPSEP had a lower shear bond strength. A significant difference was observed in the bond strengths between groups (p &lt; 0.001). However, non-significant difference found in ARI in all groups (P = 0.118).SEM observation revealed different etching patterns on the enamel surface after pretreatment.&#x0D; Conclusions: Enamel surface pretreatments, using a combination of sodium hypochlorite or sandblasting before phosphoric acid and self-etching primer, result in increased shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets as well as the surface roughness of enamel.