Self-control Conflict Research Articles

Self-Control

To successfully pursue a goal in the face of temptation, an individual must first identify that she faces a self-control conflict. Only then will the individual exercise self-control to promote goal pursuit over indulging in temptation. We propose a new model that distinguishes between the problems of conflict identification and those of conflict resolution. We then review research on the factors that influence conflict identification and those that determine conflict resolution.

Flying under the Radar: Perverse Package Size Effects on Consumption Self-Regulation

Consumers believe that small package formats of hedonic, but not of utilitarian, products help to regulate consumption—especially when their self-regulatory concerns are activated. These beliefs may backfire and increase consumption of hedonic products. Specifically, activating self-regulatory concerns had no consumption effects when tempting products came in small package formats. Yet, when tempting products came in large package formats, consumers deliberated most before consumption, were least likely to consume, and consumed the least. This illustrates how small temptations can remain undetected (“flying under the radar”) and large package formats may reduce consumption as a result of the experienced self-control conflict.

Self-control in action: Implicit dispositions toward goals and away from temptations.

Five studies examined whether, in self-control dilemmas, individuals develop an implicit disposition to approach goals and avoid temptations, psychologically as well as physically. Using a method developed by A. K. Solarz (1960; see also K. L. Duckworth, J. A. Bargh, M. Garcia, & S. Chaiken, 2002), the authors assessed the time for pulling and pushing a lever in response to goal- and temptation-related stimuli (e.g., studying and partying). The results show that individuals offset the influence of tempting activities by automatically avoiding these stimuli (faster pushing responses) and by approaching stimuli related to an overarching goal (faster pulling responses). These implicit self-control dispositions varied as a function of the magnitude of the self-control conflict, itself defined by how strongly individuals were attracted to temptations and held the longer term goal. These dispositions were further shown to play a role in successful self-control.

Dėstytojo emocinės kompetencijos raiškos ypatumai

Straipsnyje atskleidžiama emocijų refleksijos būtinybė didėjančios įtampos sąlygomis ir pabrėžiama originali emocinės inteligencijos paskirtis padėti dėstytojui vystyti gebėjimus, plėtojančius refleksiją ir adaptaciją, bei kurti vidinį savo ir studentų efektyvumą. Aptarus emocinės inteligencijos ir emocinės kompetencijos santykį, daugiausia dėmesio sutelkiama į dėstytojo emocinę kompetenciją, jos struktūrą ir turinį, siekiant empiriškai tirti šios kompetencijos raiškos ypatumus dėstytojams bendraujant su studentais. Gautų tyrimo duomenų analizė ragina atkreipti dėmesį į konkrečius dėstytojo emocinės kompetencijos elementus, kurie, studentų nuomone, rodo žemiausią raišką: pasitikėjimą savimi, empatiją, paslaugos orientaciją, ugdymo gebėjimus ir įtaką studento asmenybei. Straipsnyje keliama mintis, kad pastarąsias kompetencijas būtų verta puoselėti per dėstytojo emocinės inteligencijos gebėjimų saviugdą.

Protection and vulnerability processes relevant for early onset of substance use: A test among African American children.

This research tested predictions from a self-regulation model of factors relevant for early onset of tobacco and alcohol use with a community sample of 889 African American children (mean age = 10.5 years). Criterion variables were peer substance use, willingness to use substances, and resistance efficacy (intention to refuse substance offers). Structural modeling indicated effects of temperament dimensions were mediated through self-control and risk-taking constructs, which were related to school involvement, life events, and perceived vulnerability to harmful effects of substances. Peer use was predicted by life events, poor self-control, and parent-child conflict; willingness was predicted by life events, risk taking, and (inversely) parental support; and resistance efficacy was predicted by perceived vulnerability and (inversely) poor self-control. Findings are discussed with reference to theoretical models of early protection and vulnerability processes.