Selective Approach Research Articles

Dissecting ZnOX/Cu interfacial self-encapsulation and methanol-induced strong metal-support interaction of the highly active alloyed CuZn and ZnO for methanol steam reforming

A highly durable non-noble metal catalyst like copper for high-temperature methanol steam reforming is necessary for a compact hydrogen reactor. Herein, deactivation of copper-based catalysts with strong metal-support interaction is extremely sluggish even at 550 °C when using a selective chemical reduction approach paired with various induced activation procedures. The adsorbate methanol could enhance the migration of ZnOx onto the Cu and increase the number and electronic modulation of high-activity CuZn alloy sites. The Zn pre-deposited on the Cu surface induces continuous morphology and structural reorganization of the catalytic surface, which constantly refreshes the catalyst surface. The adsorbate methanol led to abundant CuZn alloy-ZnO synergism, which sped up the dissociation of·H2O and the dehydrogenation of *CH3O in accordance with the density functional theory and, ultimately, exhibited the highest methanol conversion (99.55 %) and hydrogen yield (97.73 %) compared to the hydrogen induction.

Spider diagram with greenness evaluation metrics for assessing the new synchronous spectrofluorimetric determination of bicalutamide and resveratrol in human plasma.

A simple, selective, and eco-friendly synchronous fluorescence approach was introduced for the first time for the concurrent estimation of the anticancer combination therapy of bicalutamide and resveratrol. The method relies on measuring the synchronous fluorescence spectra of bicalutamide and resveratrol at 269 and 320 nm, respectively, using Δλ of 60 nm with ethanol as a green diluting solvent. The procedure was optimized, and the method was then fully validated. Excellent linearity (R2 > 0.999) with very low detection limits (0.044 and 2.001 ng/ml) were obtained for both drugs, allowing for their analysis in human plasma. The green profile of the suggested approach was evaluated using the green solvents selecting tool (GSST), spider diagram for greenness index assessment, green analytical process index (GAPI), and Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) metric tools. These assessment metrics confirmed that the developed approach met the maximum number of green requirements, recommending its application as a green substitute for the regular analysis of the concerned drugs in human plasma. The simplicity of sample measurement enables and substantially accelerates the analysis, resulting in lower costs, enhanced procedure accuracy, and lower environmental effect.

Secosteroid thiosemicarbazides and secosteroid–1,2,4-triazoles as antiproliferative agents targeting breast cancer cells: Synthesis and biological evaluation

A convenient and selective approach to 13,17-secoestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-oic acid [N’-arylcarbothioamido]hydrazides and hybrid molecules containing secosteroid and 1,2,4-triazole fragments was disclosed and these novel types of secosteroids were screened for cytotoxicity against hormone-dependent human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Most of secosteroid–1,2,4-triazole hybrids showed significant cytotoxic effect comparable or superior to that of the reference drug cisplatin. Hit secosteroid–1,2,4-triazole hybrids 4b and 4h were characterized by high cytotoxicity and good selectivity towards MCF-7 breast cancer cells. PARP cleavage (marker of apoptosis) and ERα and cyclin D1 downregulation were discovered in MCF-7 cells treated with lead secosteroid–1,2,4-triazole hybrid 4b. The synthesized secosteroids may be considered as new promising anticancer agents.

VHF crystal oscillator noise Part 2. Experimental and calculated data

Problem statement. The noise of radar local oscillator reference oscillation sources often prevails among the noise of the local oscillator signals. At long ranges, this leads to significant distortion of the results of processing weak reflected signals in radars. One of the ways to reduce the noise of the local oscillator signals is the use of VHF crystal oscillators with a low noise level. Goal. To obtain equations for the power spectral density of phase noise, as well as for random deviations of the oscillation phase of a model of a VHF crystal oscillator. Results. Equations for the power spectral density of phase noise, as well as for random deviations of the oscillation phase of a model of a VHF crystal oscillator are obtained. Practical significance. These theoretical and practical results obtained allow a more selective approach to the selection of parameters of high-frequency crystal oscillators for use as sources of local oscillator oscillations.

German Colonists of Northwest Russia in Conditions of Post-Revolutionary Reality (1918-1922)

The focus of this publication is on the history of the German village of the North-West of the RSFSR in the first post-revolutionary years (1918—1922). The economic and political life of the German rural population is characterized, including the resolution of land issues, economic activities, requisition policies of the Bolshevik leadership towards them, as well as the formation and functioning of Soviet and party bodies in areas with high concentrations of Germans. The condition and functioning of German farms largely depended on the extraordinary revolutionary economic measures carried out by the Bolsheviks within the framework of equalizing land use and “war communism”, where the German village was considered as an easily accessible and high-performance source of agricultural resources for the Red Army and the urban population, which resulted in an excessively high economic burden on the colonies and a selective approach to accounting for national the specifics of the economic life of the Germans and their current economic opportunities. German peasants mostly negatively perceived post-revolutionary innovations, and service in Soviet and party bodies was used as a tool to protect and promote their personal economic interests and to protect them from possible repressive measures.

Biophysical Insights into Drug Discovery: Leveraging Phase Transitions and Protein Behavior for Therapeutic Innovation

In the search for novel treatments for various diseases, the nexus of biophysics and drug discovery represents a dynamic and transformational paradigm. A new age in pharmaceutical research has begun thanks to biophysics and its thorough grasp of the structural and physical characteristics of biological molecules. This study explores how advances in biophysical approaches, including allosteric modulation, intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), and protein phase transitions, have transformed the drug development process. Protein phase transitions, supported by the biophysical principles, have provided crucial insights into disorders like ALS and Alzheimer’s, opening up new avenues for therapeutic intervention. Targeting IDPs and their role in liquid–liquid phase separation has produced creative approaches to diseases that were formerly thought to be resistant to therapy. In order to reduce the complexity of complicated diseases, the concept of allosteric modulation, made possible by biophysical understanding, offers a precise and selective approach to medication creation. This review highlights the significant influence of biophysics on the development of therapeutics and the discovery of new drugs. Biophysics is advancing the discipline toward the creation of more precise, efficient, and tailored medications by illuminating the biophysical properties of proteins, the complexities of phase transitions, and the dynamics of drug interactions. Biophysical insights are poised to alter healthcare by bringing together several fields and sustained innovation, giving people dealing with a variety of ailments fresh hope.

Flexible Gaussian Accelerated Molecular Dynamics to Enhance Biological Sampling.

Molecular dynamics simulations often struggle to obtain sufficient sampling to study complex molecular events due to high energy barriers separating the minima of interest. Multiple enhanced sampling techniques have been developed and improved over the years to tackle this issue. Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) is a recently developed enhanced sampling technique that works by adding a biasing potential, lifting the energy landscape up, and decreasing the height of its barriers. GaMD allows one to increase the sampling of events of interest without the need of a priori knowledge of the system or the relevant coordinates. All required acceleration parameters can be obtained from a previous search run. Upon its development, several improvements for the methodology have been proposed, among them selective GaMD in which the boosting potential is selectively applied to the region of interest. There are currently four selective GaMD methods that have shown promising results. However, all of these methods are constrained on the number, location, and scenarios in which this selective boosting potential can be applied to ligands, peptides, or protein-protein interactions. In this work, we showcase a GROMOS implementation of the GaMD methodology with a fully flexible selective GaMD approach that allows the user to define, in a straightforward way, multiple boosting potentials for as many regions as desired. We show and analyze the advantages of this flexible selective approach on two previously used test systems, the alanine dipeptide and the chignolin peptide, and extend these examples to study its applicability and potential to study conformational changes of glycans and glycosylated proteins.

Thermal Stability of Cadmium Telluride in Infrared Detectors for Monitoring Fire Conditions

Introduction. Thermal effect of fire on technical means is a common and serious problem. In this regard, it seems an urgent task to study physicochemical and thermal transformations in devices based on cadmium telluride during man-made or natural fires. For a number of materials, such studies have not been conducted, and the available results are insufficient or narrowly focused. The proposed article presents new data on the defect resistance and applicability of the material depending on the thermal effect. The work objective is to study the features of degradation under the influence of extreme temperatures to create new materials with specified properties.Materials and Methods. Cadmium telluride (CdTe) samples used in solar panels and detectors were studied. In the practical part of the work, the thermal effect on the sample of normal and extreme temperatures was evaluated, followed by the study of the material by transmission electron microscopy methods. The experiments simulated a zone of thermal impact of a fire. The computational and theoretical work consisted in improving the mathematical model of physical and chemical transformations and the evolution of defects under thermal influence up to 1092 °C. The mathematical model took into account the heat dose characteristic of uncontrolled combustion. The Maple software package was used to solve the equations.Results. The formation of defects in a CdTe sample at significantly different levels of thermal exposure was visualized. The lower limit was about 20 °С, the upper one was more than 600 °С. Transformations in CdTe control samples under the influence of temperatures up to 1092 °С with a step of 15 °С were worked out in detail. Point defects caused by the influence of temperature were presented as a factor of destruction of the material, and consequently, failures in the operation of the device. A system of equations was solved that takes into account a set of parameters: the frequency of vibrations of atoms in the lattice, temperature, concentrations of CdTe nodes, interstitial atoms and vacancies, migration and attachment of interstitial atoms and vacancies. The concentrations of vacancies and interstitial atoms in CdTe samples depending on thickness and temperature were graphically presented. The results of scientific research allowed us to assert that CdTe-based detectors worked relatively correctly only at a heat dose of up to 400 °С. In the ranges of 400-600 °С, the defective network of the material actively evolved, preventing destruction. However, a further increase in thermal exposure led to complete degradation of the equipment, which did not allow the use of cadmium telluride in extreme conditions, even for a short time.Discussion and Conclusion. The proposed improved model of physical and chemical transformations in CdTe-based devices in heat-affected areas will allow a more selective approach to the use of equipment. In addition, it is necessary to improve materials and increase their resistance to extreme temperatures.

69 Is CT Urogram Screening Necessary in All Patients with Visible Haematuria in Both the Immediate and Short-Term Follow-Up Period?

Abstract Introduction A standardised specific investigation protocol for visible haematuria (VH) screening remains a debate. A recent regional audit highlighted our department as an outlier for the high useage of CT urogram (CTU). We sought to determine the incidence of upper tract cancer (UTC) in a VH cohort, exploring the benefit of routine CTU versus the possibility of developing a selective patient-centred approach. Method Retrospective case-note review of all 2-week-wait patients referred for VH from May-October 2018. Data was analysed to describe the incidence of bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), upper tract transitional cell carcinoma (UTTCC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC); the detection rate of CTU and the missed rate of UTC over the following four years. Results 437 patients (334 men, 103 women; age range 21-95 years, median age 71 years; 35% smokers, 45% non-smokers, 18% smoking status unknown) underwent VH screening with a cancer detection rate comparable to previous literature (18% TCC, 1.4% RCC, 1% UTTCC). 73% (n = 321) underwent CTU, 52% (n = 229) underwent CTU and ultrasound (USS). USS missed one RCC subsequently detected by CTU. 72.7% and 63.6% of those diagnosed with UTC (age range 57- 86, mean age 71 years) were male or smokers, respectively. 43% (n = 189) received further upper tract imaging during the subsequent four years, with one further RCC detected. Conclusions The additional detection rate of CTU and subsequent development of UTC was minimal within our cohort suggesting the use of CTU in VH screening could be selective rather than routine.

Gall bladder diseases: a study of histopathological spectrum of cholecystectomy specimens from rural tertiary hospital in Telangana state during COVID pandemic

Background: The debate of “is it worth spending the busy pathologist’s time on gall bladder specimens” has been there for decades. The selective approach may result in missing discrete pathologies such as premalignant lesions. We are presenting an interesting series of gall bladder histopathology diagnosed at our institute in the past two years. Methods: This is a retrospective study done at Bhaskar Medical College between 2020-2022 (specifically chosen as this is the period of COVID pandemic). This study included 43 patients who underwent cholecystectomy. All confirmed cases of acute abdomen operated for other reasons and trauma were excluded. Sections were taken from neck, fundus, body and cross section of cystic duct of each cholecystectomy specimen. The whole gallbladder was submitted and screened for the invasion in ICPN case. These sections were processed through routine paraffin embedding, microtome cutting and H&E staining for evaluation of spectrum of various gallbladder lesions. Results: In our study, 25 cases showed lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with fibrosis, 9 cases showed ulceration, congested blood vessels and neutrophilic infiltration. We encountered few rare cases like eosinophilic cholecystitis, xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, and Intracholecystic papillary neoplasm (ICPN)”. Pyloric metaplasia was seen in 27.9% cases, which is also higher Conclusions: Our study emphasizes the need for the routine examination of these specimens, to have a detailed understanding of the etiology to prevent/predict the other associated medical conditions. We also could find 2% of the cases having pre-malignant lesions and 28% having metaplasia, which if missed shall progress to malignant conditions.

Development of innovative methodology for determination of 6-thioguanine in whole blood erythrocytes by HPLC–PDA-based technique for medical diagnostics purposes

6-Thioguanine is an immunosuppressive drug, an analogue of guanine, applied to treat acute leukemia and inflammatory bowel disease. Excessive use of 6-thioguanine during clinical treatment may cause side effects. Moreover, providing a dose too low will be ineffective. Therefore, there is a critical need for a rapid, selective and routine approach to quantifying 6-thioguanine in body fluids to support a clinical application. A fully validated HPLC method has been developed to determine 6-thioguanine in whole blood samples using 5-bromouracil as an internal standard. 6-Thioguanine nucleotides were released from erythrocytes by perchloric acid, and then hydrolysed at 100 °C to the parent thiopurine, 6-thioguanine. The following validation parameters of the method were determined: specificity/selectivity, linearity range (479–17,118 ng/mL, R > 0.992), limits of detection (150 ng/mL) and quantification (479 ng/mL), accuracy (− 5.6 < Bias < 14.7), repeatability (CV 1.30–3.24%), intermediate precision (CV 4.19–5.78%), extraction recovery (79.1–103.6%) and carryover. Furthermore, the stability of the drug in whole blood samples under various storage conditions was investigated. The suggested method is suitable for determining 6-thioguanine in whole blood erythrocyte samples for drug level monitoring, thus correct dosing.

Nanocomposite based on green synthesis of gold nanoparticles decorated with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the electrochemical determination of hydroxychloroquine

In this study, a selective and sensitive electrochemical approach for determining hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was proposed. A novel nanocomposite based on gold nanoparticles synthesized by green synthesis in an extract of white pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) (AuNP-Ext) decorated with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) was presented. AuNP-Ext was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and the f-MWCNTs/AuNP-Ext nanocomposite by transmission electron microscopy. The nanocomposite was used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Using the f-MWCNT-AuNP-Ext/GCE sensor, an irreversible oxidation peak at +0.74 V vs. Ag/AgCl was verified by HCQ. The calibration plot was studied in two linear ranges, from 0.03 to 3.5 µmol/L and from 3.5 to 17.0 µmol/L, with a limit of detection of 0.0093 µmol/L and a limit of quantification of 0.031 µmol/L, regarding the first linear range. The proposed sensor was successfully applied to the determination of HCQ in pharmaceutical and clinical samples without any special purification, separation or pre-treatment steps. The accuracy was verified by UV-Vis spectrometry, and this revealed that the proposed method was accurate and precise, as evidenced by F- and t-tests.

Long wavelength emissive ZnO/CQDs phosphor with high color purity and its application in sensitive detection of cadmium (II)

Production of color-tunable emission via simple method for upcoming displays and lighting technologies, and their exceptional luminescence provide considerable potential in sensing application. As environmental pollution and diseases brought by cadmium have always been global issues, therefore, it is imperative to develop an inexpensive, quick, easy, and selective approach for detecting trace cadmium. Herein, we describe the preperation of ZnO/carbon quantum dots (ZnO/CQDs) nanocomposite that emits strongly in the yellow-orange zone with the chromaticity coordinates (0.51, 0.47) and a high color purity (CP) value of 94.3%. The as-produced ZnO/CQDs are used as a fluorescence sensor for Cd2+ via quenching mechanism due to competitive coordination between ZnO/CQDs and Cd2+ with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.14 μM. Additionally, the suggested method can successfully detect Cd2+ in water samples, demonstrating the feasibility and potential uses of the sensing platform. This study may pave the way for the development of environmentally safe, high-performing, and inexpensive color-tunable phosphor for white LEDs and sensing applications.

Do trauma cue exposure and/or PTSD symptom severity intensify selective approach bias toward cannabis cues in regular cannabis users with trauma histories?

Trauma cue-elicited activation of automatic cannabis-related cognitive biases are theorized to contribute to comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and cannabis use disorder. This phenomenon can be studied experimentally by combining the trauma cue reactivity paradigm (CRP) with cannabis-related cognitive processing tasks. In this study, we used a computerized cannabis approach-avoidance task (AAT) to assess automatic cannabis (vs. neutral) approach bias following personalized trauma (vs. neutral) CRP exposure. We hypothesized that selective cannabis (vs. neutral) approach biases on the AAT would be larger among participants with higher PTSD symptom severity, particularly following trauma (vs. neutral) cue exposure. We used a within-subjects experimental design with a continuous between-subjects moderator (PTSD symptom severity). Participants were exposed to both a trauma and neutral CRP in random order, completing a cannabis AAT (cannabis vs. neutral stimuli) following each cue exposure. Current cannabis users with histories of psychological trauma (n = 50; 34% male; mean age = 37.8 years) described their most traumatic lifetime event, and a similarly-detailed neutral event, according to an established interview protocol that served as the CRP. As hypothesized, an AAT stimulus type x PTSD symptom severity interaction emerged (p = .042) with approach bias greater to cannabis than neutral stimuli for participants with higher (p = .006), but not lower (p = .36), PTSD symptom severity. Contrasting expectations, the stimulus type x PTSD symptoms effect was not intensified by trauma cue exposure (p = .19). Selective cannabis approach bias may be chronically activated in cannabis users with higher PTSD symptom severity and may serve as an automatic cognitive mechanism to help explain PTSD-CUD co-morbidity.

SP7.6 Do we need Routine Histopathological Examination of Gall Bladder Specimens after Cholecystectomy?

Abstract Aims Gall bladder diseases usually manifest as gall stones, inflammation of gall bladder and gall bladder cancer. There had been a constant debate over the years regarding selective vs. routine histopathological assessment of all gall bladder specimens. This study was aimed to assess the safety of adopting the policy of selective histopathological examination of those gall bladder specimens with pre-operative and/or intra-operative suspicion of malignancy without risking patient safety. Methodology A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. All 1285 cases of gall bladder biopsies done after elective cholecystectomies, during a period of 2 years from 1st January, 2018 to 31st December 2019, were reviewed retrospectively. Results During the study period, a total of 1285 gall bladder specimens were submitted for histopathological analysis. Chronic cholecystitis was found in 1020 (79.3%) patients, acute cholecystitis in 198 (15.4%), gangrenous gall bladder in 19 (1.47%) patients and gall bladder carcinoma (GBC) in 26 (2.02%) patients. Pre-operative or intraoperative diagnosis of GBC was made in 22/26 patients. The remaining 4 patients had either stage Tis or T1 stage carcinoma and did not require revision surgery. Conclusion In areas with low incidence of gall bladder carcinoma, a selective approach of histopathological examination of gall bladder specimens may be considered safe. Such selective approach is more economical and reduces the work burden of pathologists without risking patient safety.

ThTP2.3 Value of staging laparoscopy in patients with oesophageal and junctional cancers – Single centre retrospective observational study

Abstract Introduction The role of staging laparoscopy in oesophageal and junctional cancer remains controversial due to lack of robust evidence leading to heterogenous practice nationally and globally. The purpose of this study was to identify the value of staging laparoscopy in patients with oesophageal and junctional cancer. Methods A retrospective review of all consecutive patients who underwent staging laparoscopy for oesophageal and junctional cancer over 7-year period at Royal Derby Hospital, Derby was conducted using hospital database. Patient demographics, histology, staging, location, and findings of staging laparoscopy were analysed. Results A total of 278 of patients underwent staging laparoscopy from July 2015 to September 2022 were included. All patients with gastric cancer histology were excluded. Majority of the patients were having adenocarcinoma histology (N=248, 89.2%) and 236 (84.8%) cancers were involving lower oesophagus/ GOJ. Additionally, nearly three-quarters of patients (N=203, 73%) were having T3 staging before the procedure. Overall, staging laparoscopy had changed the management in 22 patients (7.9%) due to positive cytology (N=12, 4.3%) and other findings (N=10, 3.5%) such as cirrhosis liver, large bulky tumour, and peritoneal deposits. Out of patients who were having positive cytology, all had adenocarcinoma histology, located in the lower oesophagus, and had T3 or above pre-operative staging. Conclusion This study identified the value of staging laparoscopy in patients with certain risk factors who are at risk of having peritoneal disease. Therefore, selective approach would be more appropriate when selecting patients for staging laparoscopy in oesophageal and junctional cancer.

SP6.11 Histological Findings in Routine Gallbladder Specimen for Benign Disease

Abstract Aim Gallbladder is one of the most frequently analysed specimens in pathology departments. Non-selective approach is followed by most surgeons with its associated cost and time implications. This study aims to highlight the incidence of histological abnormalities that can be found in the specimen sent following cholecystectomy for benign pathology. Methods Retrospective review of histology reports over 10 years period (2010-2019) in district general hospital performed. Non-selective approach used by our surgeons to send specimen following cholecystectomy. Emergency and elective cholecystectomy in adult patients included. Any suspicious diagnosis preoperatively excluded. Histological diagnosis using SNOMED coding from pathology department used. Results 6020 Histology reports reviewed. Chronic cholecystitis reported in 4113 case (68%), acute cholecystitis seen in 1587 cases (30%). Only 120 reports (2%) described abnormal histology which includes neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. Neoplastic lesions found in 90 cases: cancer=10 cases (0.16%) and dysplasia in 80 cases: high grade= 4 cases (0.06%), low grade= 73 (1.2%) and metaplasia in 3 cases (0.04%). Non-neoplastic lesions seen in 30 cases: adenoma= 7 (0.11%), polyp= 13 (0.21%), lipoma=2 (0.03%), cysts=2 (0.03%) and granulomatous cholecystitis in 6 cases (0.09%). Conclusion This study demonstrates the frequency of abnormal histology seen in routing specimen. This is an important information to quote during the consent process and also may help in adopting a selective approach for cholecystectomy performed for benign disease.

Selective Functionalization of Carbonyl Closo-Decaborate [2-B10H9CO]- with Building Block Properties via Grignard Reagents.

A green, fast and selective approach for the synthesis of mono-substituted closo-decaborate derivatives [2-B10H9COR]2- has been established via a nucleophilic addition reaction between the carbonyl derivative of closo-decaborate [2-B10H9CO]- and the corresponding Grignard reagent RMgX, where R is the ethyl, iso-propyl, pentyl, allyl, vinyl and propynyl groups. This approach is accomplished under mild conditions with 70-80% yields. The significance of these derivative is their ability to constitute building blocks for polymeric integration via the allyl, vinyl and propynyl substituents. All products were characterized by 11B, 1H and 13C NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectrometry.

A qualitative study on how intimate partner violence against women changes, escalates, and persists from pre- to postseparation.

Research has focused on intimate partner violence (IPV) against women either before or after separation, but little attention has been paid to the changes in and persistence of violent behaviors from one situation to the next. This study contributes to the literature by comparing the changes in types and frequencies of abusive behaviors of women's former husbands. This allows us to understand how mechanisms of power are enacted through IPV both before and after separation. We interviewed 19 women in the Midwestern United States who had experienced IPV by their former husbands and had subsequently divorced them. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The findings suggest that verbal abuse and using children were the most common forms of IPV both pre- and postseparation. Many preseparation behaviors were replaced by other forms of abuse; for example, physical abuse was not experienced after separation. Some forms of IPV, such as stalking and economic abuse, escalated after separation. This reveals that exerting control over women through nonphysical forms of IPV was more common after separation. In particular, using axial and selective coding approach, our findings present three composite narratives of women's experiences of the changes in, and the escalation and persistence of, the violence they faced. The three composite narratives show how abusive behaviors are situated within patriarchal notions of dominance, power, and control over women and their children. The implications of the findings are discussed in terms of healthcare services, advocacy-based victim assistance, school officials, and the courts.

Remineralizing Ability of Resin Modified Glass Ionomers (RMGICs): A Systematic Review.

The selective caries removal approach leads to the need to use materials with the ability to remineralize remaining partially demineralized dentin. Among the materials proposed are resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs). The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate, based on in vitro experimental studies, whether RMGICs are suitable for remineralizing affected dentin. A systematic literature search was performed in four databases, followed by article selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. Studies assessing the remineralizing potential of RMGICs on dentin were included in our review. Studies which compared such properties between different RMGICs or with other materials were also eligible. The studies report the remineralizing ability of RMGICs, albeit with differences between different commercial products. RMGICs show a similar ability to conventional GICs to remineralize affected dentin, fulfilling the function for which they are designed. Moreover, the incorporation of additives, such as bioactive glass (BAG) or CCP-ACP, improves their remineralizing potential. The results of this review support the use of RMGICs as restorative materials after selective caries removal.