Inoculation Of Seeds Research Articles

Ways to increase bean productivity and quality with different growing technologies

The aim of the research was: to study ways to increase the productivity of beans by combining in a single process fertilizer, pre-sowing seed treatment with drugs based on an active strain of nodule bacteria, growth stimulants of biological origin, micronutrients in the form of negligence. Methods. The research program included: phenological observations of plant development (development phases and stages of organogenesis), morphological - on the formation of elements of productivity, leaf apparatus and duration of its functioning, morphophysiological - on the dynamics of development of productivity elements, the formation of productive potential. Results. The article presents the results of research on the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers, growth stimulants and microfertilizers to increase the productivity of beans and its quality. It is established that the maximum yield of beans - 2.81 t / ha (in 2018 3.30 t / ha) at the level of absolute control, respectively 1.05 t / ha was formed on the option, which involves the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of P60K60 + N30 + N30 kg / ha d.r., sowing of seeds treated with a strain of nodule bacteria BTU - p and joint treatment of crops with growth stimulants in the physique of branching and budding with microfertilizers in the budding phase. The maximum increase in yield was 0.92 t / ha, and 0.86 t / ha from the application of fertilizers was obtained with the application of P60K60 + N30 + N15 and P 0 K0 + N30 + N30, with the control of 1.05 t / ha. Pre-sowing inoculation of seeds with a strain of nitrogen-fixing bacteria BTU-r provided an increase in yield - 0.24 - 0.39 t / ha. The use of growth stimulator in the technology of cultivation provided an increase in crop productivity by 1.04 t / ha on the background without seed inoculation, with inoculation - 2.22 t / ha compared to the absolute control (1.05 t / ha). Co-application of growth stimulant with microfertilizers on crops yielded 2.41 t / ha with a protein content of 20.39%.

Симбиотические свойства люцерны хмелевидной сорта Мира

The first Russian variety of black medic of the Mira was created and included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements. The study of the symbiotic properties of this variety showed that the most promising strains for pre-sowing inoculation were LX1 and 412b, the first increased the collection of dry matter and seeds by 96 and 115%, and the second – by 81 and 73%, respectively. Both strains can be used when cultivating this variety for feed and seeds. Inoculation with the LX6 strain increased seed productivity by 84%. Strains LX2, LX5 and LX6 increase the adaptive ability of varieties of the Mira, shifting the metabolism of the alfalfa-rhizobial system towards increasing seed productivity. The proportion of seeds in plants inoculated with the above-mentioned strains increases to 24–31% of the total plant weight, and in other symbiotic systems this indicator was 19–22%. Strain LX1 was isolated from nodules of plants belonging to the same population on the basis of which the Mira variety was created and it is the most genetically complementary to this variety. The yield of black medic of the Mira variety without inoculation for two years of use was 3.3 t/ha of dry matter, 0.67 t/ha of seeds. Pre-sowing inoculation of seeds with the LX1 strain increased the yield of this variety to 6.48 t/ha (+96%) of dry matter and seeds – to 1.44 t/ha (+115%). In the vegetation experiment, inoculation with the rhizobium strain LX1 significantly increased the height of plants by 4.2 cm, the leaf area by 0.69 cm2 (+49%), productivity by 176%. The total nitrogen content in the aboveground part of the plants reached 3.63%, the roots 3.31%, the control indicators were 3.02 and 2.77%, respectively.

Біологічні чинники оптимізації систем удобрення сільськогосподарських культур у сівозміні

Goal. With the use of biological testing to substantiate ecologically feasible fertilizer systems of crops for their cultivation in crop rotation on sod-podzolic soil; to investigate the possibility of reducing the rates of mineral fertilizers with the use of microbial preparations. Methods. Field stationary experiment, gas chromatographic (determination of nitrogen fixation activity in the root zone of plants), statistical (substantiation of the reliability of the obtained results), economic calculations (determination of the cost, profit, profitability, and payback of additional costs). Results. In the short crop rotation “potatoes — oats — lupine — winter rye” on the indicators of nitrogenase activity in the root zone of plants they determined the feasibility of action and after-effect of 40 t/ha of manure litter of cattle, organo-mineral fertilization, intermediate green manure (oil radish) and mineral fertilizers in low and medium rates. High doses of fats lead to a significant decrease in the activity of the nitrogen fixation process in the rhizosphere of plants and are excessive. The possibility of reducing the rate of technical nitrogen through the use of biological products without reducing crop yields is real for low and medium in the experiment of mineral agricultural backgrounds. The direct action and after-effect of the intermediate green manure promote the effectiveness of inoculation. Mineral intensive fertilizer system does not provide high efficiency of biofertilizers. A slight increase in crop yields from inoculation was detected with organic and organo-mineral fertilizers. Conclusions. Ecologically acceptable systems of crop fertilization in crop rotation can be realistically determined using biological testing. Mineral fertilizer rates for crops can be significantly reduced without reducing crop yields through the use of microbial preparations. It is recommended to use pre-sowing inoculation of seeds for growing crops on low and medium mineral agricultural backgrounds, as well as for the use of intermediate green manure.

INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZATION SYSTEMS AND MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS OF THE FORMATION OF NUTRIENT STATUS OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL

Objective. To study the influence of systematic introduction of mineral, traditional organomineral and alternative systems of fertilization and inoculation of seeds on the formation of the nutrient status of sod-podzolic soil. Methods. Field experiment, agrochemical, balance and settlement, statistical. Results. Based on the studies conducted in a long-term stationary experiment on sod-podzolic soil, a significant influence of the studied fertilization systems in combination with microbial preparations on the soil nutrient status was established. The highest levels of mineral compounds of nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium using crop rotation were observed upon long-term use of the organomineral fertilization system NPK + animal manure + + green manure. At the end of the crop rotation, the content of nitrogen mineral compounds increased by 23 %, phosphorus — by 8 % and potassium — by 34 % on the background without inoculation and by 34 %, 10 % and 34 %, respectively, on the background of inoculation compared to traditional fertilization system NPK + animal manure. Due to the use of microbial preparations under this fertilization system, the content of nitrogen in the arable layer of the soil increased by 7 %, mobile phosphorus — by 3 % and exchangeable potassium — by 6 % compared to their content at the beginning of crop rotation. It has been proved that the highest level of crop rotation productivity in terms of feed units was provided by the organomineral fertilization system green manure + animal manure + NPK, which exceeded crop rotation productivity in areas under the traditional fertilization system NPK + animal manure by 21 % on the background without inoculation and by 26 % on the background of inoculation. Due to the use of microbial preparations, there is an increase in crop rotation productivity by 10–13 %. Conclusion. The optimal nutrient status of sod-podzolic soil is formed using microbial preparations and an organomineral fertilization system based on organic fertilizers in the form of animal manure with an average crop rotation dose of 10 t/ha and legume green manure on the background of mineral fertilizers N60P50K60. This fertilization system provides recovery of soil fertility, high rates of economic and energy efficiency of growing crops and their productivity during crop rotation.

Influence of metal nanocarboxylates and different water supply conditions on efficiency of soybean-rhizobial symbiotic systems

Insufficient water supply is one of the main factors that significantly reduce the activity of nitrogen fixation by legume-rhizobial symbiotic systems. That is why comprehensive research on aspects of their resistance to water stress and the search for scientifically substantiated ways to improve the existing ones and develop modern, competitive technologies of growing legumes in arid conditions are becoming especially relevant. The aim of the work was to investigate the processes of formation and functioning of soybean-rhizobial symbiotic systems developed under conditions of different water supply and influence of nanocarboxylates of cobalt, ferum, germanium, chromium, сuprum and molybdenum. The nanoparticles of specified metal nanocarboxylates were used as components of the inoculation suspension of rhizobia of Tn5 mutant B1-20 for soybean seed treatment. A model drought lasting 14 days was created by controlled irrigation. Microbiological and physiological research methods were used in the study. We determined that insufficient water supply caused a significant decrease in the nodulation potential of rhizobia and the intensity of molecular nitrogen fixation by symbiotic systems formed with the participation of soybean plants and nodule bacteria without adding these metal nanocarboxylates to the inoculation suspension. Application of most of the metal nanocarboxylates used as components of the inoculation suspension mitigated the negative impact of stress on the investigated parameters. The study revealed the stimulating effect of cobaltnanocarboxylate on the activity of molecular nitrogen fixation, which was more pronounced in the conditions of insufficient water supply. Symbiotic soybean systems formed with the participation of nodule bacteria containing germaniumcarboxylate nanoparticles were proved to be the least sensitive to the negative impact of insufficient water supply. This was indicated by high rates of nodulation and nitrogen-fixing activity compared with other studied symbiotic systems. We confirmed that the addition of chromium nanocarboxylate to the inoculation suspension of rhizobia provided the highest rates of nodulation and nitrogen-fixing activity of soybean root nodules under optimal growing conditions and, at the same time, had no noticeable positive effect under water stress. We determined that сuprum and molybdenum nanocarboxylates, as components of the inoculation suspension, regardless of the water supply level, had a less notable positive effect on the processes of nodule formation and nitrogen fixation, and in some cases even led to a decrease in the investigated values for control plants. Thus, the study demonstrated that the use of germanium, cobalt and ferum nanocarboxylates as components of the bacterial suspension helped to increase the adaptation of the formed legume-rhizobial symbiotic systems to water stress, as evidenced by the maximum indexes of nodulation and molecular nitrogen fixation in the context of insufficient water supply and recovery of their level to optimal after the stress influence had ended. Based on the results, it was concluded that inoculation of seeds by the complex bacterial preparations made on the basis of Bradyrhizobium japonicum B1-20 with a content of germanium, cobalt and ferum nanocarboxylates in the concentration of 1:1000 can become one of the important means in soybean growing technologies of increasing the nitrogen-fixing potential and resistance of plants to insufficient water supply.

English

Thyme is one of the most important medicinal plants in wild rangeland in Iran that has lots of benefits. Pseudomonas flourescence is one of the effective plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) as a bioinoculant for medicinal plants. This study aims to survey three inoculation techniques with PGPR on growth and oil content in Thymus kotschyanus for organic cultivation. For this research, an experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design at Research Institute Forest and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran, with four treatments and three replications. In the first method, thyme seed was treated in liquid bacterial suspension for 3 h, in the second method bacterial suspension injected around the root before cultivation in farm and in the third method both seed and root have been treated by the bacterial suspension. In all three methods of inoculation of P. fluorescence, an increase in growth and the amount of essential oil was determined. The highest amount of root volume (30 mL) compared to the control (15 mL) was significant at the level of P=0.05 and the highest amount of essential oil (1.74%) was obtained by using the third inoculation method. It could be concluded that the microbial inoculation method has a great influence on the yield of T. kotschyanus and bacterial inoculation of seeds and roots had a greater effect, rather than inoculated separately for organic cultivation.   Keywords: Inoculation method, biofertilizer, thymus, plant growth promoting.

The reaction of soybean varieties to the use of a biological product

Relevance. In the conditions of the Central Black Earth region in the farm “Yaroslav the Wise” of the Starooskolsky district of the Belgorod region, five soybean varieties (Belgorodskaya 48, Bara, Victoria, Opus and Kassidi) were studied on nutritional backgrounds — without seed inoculation and without biological treatment (control), using only inoculation and with the use of a biological product against the background of seed inoculation.Methods. The experimental conditions differed in rainfall patterns and the amount of heat, their distribution was especially uneven in 2020, that had a significant negative effect on the yield of all studied soybean varieties. The soil of the experimental plot is typical medium-thick chernozem, medium-humus, heavy loamy texture. The advantages of the soybean variety Opus, the plants of which formed a large height, air-dry mass, leaf area, a greater number and mass of nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots, were revealed. Plants of this variety provided a higher yield level in all studied agro-backgrounds.Results. The yield varied from 32,5 centners per hectare (control) to 36,2 centners per hectare (when using the biological product Biogor, Zh). The content and collection of protein were also higher in the Opus cultivar in all the studied agrophones. In comparison with the control, the protein content was higher by 4% (background — control), by 4,9% — with inoculation of seeds and by 6,1% — when using a biological product. The same pattern is observed when assessing the oil content in seeds and collecting protein and oil per hectare of soybean sowing. Inoculation of seeds with soybean inoculant Nitragin, KM improved plant development and increased productivity, as well as the profitability of cultivation of the studied soybean varieties, which was higher when using a biological product against the background of seed inoculation by an average of 27%, while with only inoculation — by only 15,1%.

Agroecosystem Stability In Spring Wheat Crops With The Application Of Fertilizers And Microbial Biological Products

The formation of spring wheat biomass on sod-podzolic soil is carried out mainly due to soil nitrogen, the share of which reaches 1/3 of the total removal of the element when using mineral fertilizers. Inoculation of spring wheat seeds with biologics of rhizosphere microorganisms increases the nitrogen content of fertilizers to 7.3%, increases its immobilization by 5.9-6.7% and reduces losses by 7.4-13.9%. The stability of the agroecosystem is characterized by nitrogen flows. During the growing season of spring wheat with a hydrothermal coefficient of 1.55-1.72, the amount of mineralized nitrogen (mineralization (M)), depending on fertilizers, reaches 9.4-11.1 g/m2, while the reimobilized nitrogen (reimobilization (RI)) – 2.2-3.1 g/m2, net-mineralized (net-mineralization (N-M)) – 6.8 - 8.0 g/m2. The use of nitrogen fertilizers and biological products leads the agroecosystem to the resistance mode (the maximum permissible level of exposure) (RI : M = 27-28%, N-M : RI = 2.5-2.7).

Influence of fertilization and pre-seeding inoculation systems on phosphate-mobilizing bacteria of sugar beets rhizosphere

This article presents the results of research the influence of fertilizer systems and seeds inoculation on phosphate-mobilizing bacteria in sugar beet rhizosphere. For seeds bacterization was applied the Polymyxobacterin (contains spores and cells of Paenibacillus polymyxa, which can transform insoluble inorganic phosphates and organophosphates and to produce the phytohormonal substances) and mixture of the Polymyxobacterin with Trichoderma (Trichoderma). Microbiological analysis of rhizosphere soil of non-inoculated sugar beet plants was shown that the distribution of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms depends on the agricultural conditions. The using of both mineral and organo-mineral fertilizers stimulates the development of studied microorganisms. For increasing in rhizosphere of non-inoculated sugar beet plants a quantity of microorganisms that soluble mineral phosphates the use of mineral fertilizers (N160P120K160) with the addition of 32 t/ha manure is optimal. The application only mineral fertilizers to increase the number of microorganisms which capable to transform organic phosphorus compounds. In all trials including control without fertilizers, seed treatment by Polymyxobacterin increases the number of bacteria that soluble mineral phosphates. The most optimal conditions for the development of microorganisms that solubilize mineral and organic phosphorus compounds are the treatment of sugar beet seeds by mixture of Polymyxobacterin and Trichoderma and application of mineral fertilizers. Therefore, the obtained results indicate about significant impact of fertilizer types and seed treatment by microorganisms on the amount and composition of phosphate-mobilizing bacteria in the rhizosphere of sugar beet plants.

Efficacy of "PESTA" Granular Formulation Myco-herbicides of Aspergillus niger spores in Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth Biocontrol

Aspergillus niger spores were isolated from diseased Striga plants at the Demonstration Farm Faculty of Agriculture, Shambat was used as a mycoherbicide for the biocontrol of Striga hermothica plant.Sterilized dried sorghum straw, Alfalafa hay and sucrose were used, as solid state substrates for growth and multiplication. These were used in different formulations coated to sorghum seeds or mixed with soil or added after Striga emergence to spores of Aspergillus niger .The results indicated that the formulation camposed of %07sterilized sorghum straw , %57 alfalfa hay formulation and 57sucrose was the best as it yielded the highest number of spores as compared to other formulations. Therefore, this formulation was selected for further application and was applied for inoculation of Striga seeds in the presence of its host (sorghum) seeds in different ways in the glass house at Shambat, Faculty of Agriculture.

Bacillus sp. como promotor de crescimento em soja Bacillus sp.

Plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria have been gaining ground in world agriculture as an alternative to the use of chemical pesticides. Soy, being one of the main grains exported by Brazil, deserves attention in studies of this scope. Some bacteria already have their growth potential and biocontrol established by studies. Thus, soybean seeds (Glycine max L.) were inoculated with Bacillus sp. aiming to evaluate the viability of rhizobacteria as a plant growth promoter. Four treatments with different doses of Bacillus sp. inoculant were tested: 100, 200, 300 and 400 mL of inoculant for 50 kg of seeds, with a concentration of 1x108 CFU mL-1, plus one control without inoculation. The analyzes were made at 30 and 45 days after planting (DAP). At 45 DAP, plant height, root length, shoot dry mass, root dry mass and total dry mass were statistically higher for all applied doses when compared to the control. The number of internodes also increased significantly in the different doses used, compared to control treatment. Inoculation of seeds with Bacillus sp. was a viable alternative for growth promotion in soybean plants.

Inoculation of nitrogen fixing bacteria in conjugation with integrated nitrogen sources induced changes in phenology, growth, nitrogen assimilation and productivity of wheat crop

Numerous strains of plant growth-promoting bacteria are used as biofertilizers to minimize the utilization of synthetic fertilizers, improve nutrients use efficiency, crop productivity and to reduce environmental pollution. This study was planned with the aims to assess the effects of seeds inoculation with different strains of nitrogen (N)-fixing bacteria in conjugation with N fertilization from various combinations of farmyard manure (FYM) and urea on days to anthesis, days to physiological maturity, leaf area duration (LAD), crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), physiological N use efficiency (PNUE), apparent N re-translocation (ANR), relative N accumulation rate (RN), N harvest index (NHI) and grain yield of wheat crop under the environmental conditions of Northern Pakistan. The experiment was carried out in RCB design with a factorial arrangement of treatments. Wheat seeds were inoculated with N-fixing bacterial strains viz. Azotobacter sp., Azospirillum ER-20, Rhizobium SK-8 and Pseudomonas K-1, and N were applied from three different combinations of FYM and urea i.e. 100% urea, 75% FYM and 25% urea, and 50% FYM and 50% urea. The results showed that days to anthesis (122), days to physiological maturity (162), CGR (10.31 g. m −1 . day −1 ), grain yield (4016 kg ha −1 ), PNUE (43.1 kg grain kg −1 N uptake), ANR (9.1 g kg −1 DM), NHI (79.4) and RN (0.1046 day −1 ) were increased (P < 0.05) by Azospirillum Er-20 and Pseudomonas K-1 inoculation, while maximum (P < 0.05) LAD (76 m. day −1 ) and NAR (0.19 g. m −1 . day −1 ) were attained on Rhizobium SK-8 inoculation with N from 50% FYM and 50% urea, as compared to control. The grain yield revealed a significant (P < 0.001) correlation with CGR (0.76), NHI (0.72) and PNUE (0.68). The regression analysis exhibited a good estimate for grain yield (R 2 = 0.83) and CGR (R 2 = 0.57) in response to soil mineral N content. In conclusion, bacterial inoculation in conjugation with an equal ratio of N from the integrated sources improved the phenological and growth traits as well as N assimilation and grain yield of wheat crop. Therefore, it is suggested to plan long-term experiments to explore the potential of N-fixing bacteria in conjugation with integrated N-sources under different agronomic conditions for attaining sustainability in the wheat cropping systems.

Biological nitrogen in increasing the productivity of beans (grains)

The results of a field experiment to study the effect of seed treatment with the biological product Rhizoactive (сompany BioNorma, Ukraine) on the formation and functioning of the symbiotic apparatus of common bean (grain) plants are presented.&#x0D; The experiment examined six varieties of common beans (grain), included in the State Register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine: Bukovynka, Halaktyka, Slaviia, Ros, Otrada, Nata. The influence of bacterial fertilizer based on nodule bacteria " Rhizoactive " on the indicators of symbiotic and grain productivity of these varieties of common beans was studied.&#x0D; It was found, that the maximum number and raw weight of active nodules in the studied varieties of common beans were formed in the flowering phase. A larger number of nodules, compared to the variety Bukovynka (control), was formed on the root system of bean varieties Ros, Otrada and Nata. The maximum raw weight of rhizobia in the plots without the use of Rhizoactive was formed by the common bean variety Otrada – 0.297 g/plant of active nodules. Inoculation of the seeds of the studied common bean varieties with Rhizoactive increased the raw weight of active nodules in the flowering phase by 0.016–0.042 g/plant. A larger mass of nodules, compared to the Bukovynka variety, was formed on the root system of Ros, Otrada and Nata beans. The maximum raw weight of rhizobia in areas without the use of Rhizoactive was formed by the variety of beans Otrada – 0.297 g/plant of active nodules. Inoculation of seeds of the studied varieties of beans with Rhizoactive increased the raw weight of active nodules in the flowering phase by 0.016–0.042 g/plant.&#x0D; The highest increase in grain yield from seed inoculation was obtained in 2018, which was more favorable in terms of moisture. Thus, the largest increase in grain yield from the use of Rhizoactive was provided by the varieties Halaktyka (0.14 t/ha or 5.7 %), Ros (0.15 t/ha or 5.5 %) and Otrada (0.22 t/ha or 7.7 %). On average, in 2018–2020, inoculation of bean seeds with Rhizoactive, depending on the variety, provided an increase in grain yield from 2.4 to 6.7 %. And the highest level of bean grain yield on average in 2018–2020 was provided by the varieties Otrada (2.60 t/ha), Nata (2.50 t/ha) and Ros (2.40 t/ha) for inoculation of seeds with Rhizoactive

Comparative Effect of Inoculation of Phosphorus-Solubilizing Bacteria and Phosphorus as Sustainable Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.).

Globally, the availability of phosphorus (P) to crops remains limited in two-thirds of the soils, which makes it less accessible to plants and ultimately associated with low crop yields. The present study investigated the effect of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB; Pseudomonas spp.) for the improvement of phosphorus in mung bean (Vigna radiata) varieties and growth of net grain and biological yields. Results showed that inoculation of mung bean varieties with PSB at the rate of 100 g/kg seed significantly improved the root and shoot dry weight of about 1.13 and 12.66 g, root and shoot length of 14.49 and 50.63 cm, root and shoot phosphorus content of 2629.39 and 4138.91 mg/kg, a biological yield of 9844.41 kg/ha, number of pods of 17 per plant, number of grains of 9 per pod, grain yield of 882.23 kg/ha, and 1000-grain weight of 46.18 g after 60 days of observation. It was also observed that PSB-treated varieties of mung bean showed the maximum photosynthetic yield, photosynthetic active radiation, electron transport rate, and momentary fluorescent rate of 0.75, 364.32, 96.12, and 365.33 μmol/m2 s, respectively. The highest harvest index of 13.28% was recorded by P-treated mung beans. Results disclosed that inoculation of seeds of mung bean with PSB exhibited different effects in measured parameters. It is concluded that PSB possessed remarkable results in measured parameters compared to the control and highlighted that PSB could be an effective natural sustainable fertilizer for mung bean cultivation in sandy soil.

Azospirillum brasilense INOCULATION ON SEED GERMINATION AND INITIAL GROWTH OF SEEDLINGS OF NATIVE FOREST SPECIES

Inoculation of rhizobacteria in seeds and plants has been documented as a stimulant and promoter of germination and growth of agricultural crops, but there is little information on native forest species. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the potential of Azospirillum brasilense inoculation in the germination of seeds and initial growth of seedlings of native forest species. The following experiments were carried out: (I) germination of seeds in germination chamber, and (II) initial growth of seedlings in nursery, both with four forest species (Cassia leptophylla, Lafoensia pacari, Mimosa flocculosa and Schinus terebinthifolius). For the four species, in both experiments, two treatments were used: inoculation of seeds with concentrated solution of A. brasilense and no inoculation of seeds (control). Physiological aspects of seed germination and seedling vigor were evaluated in the first experiment (germination speed, and length and dry weight of seedlings), and seedling growth was evaluated in the second experiment (height, collar diameter and dry weight of seedlings). Inoculation of A. brasilense in seeds of C. leptophylla, L. pacari, M. flocculosa and S. terebinthifolius did not promote beneficial or promising results for seed germination and initial growth of seedlings, so its use to produce seedlings of these species is not recommended.

ВЛИЯНИЕ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ОРГАНОМИНЕРАЛЬНОГО УДОБРЕНИЯ (КОМУ) И БИОПРЕПАРАТОВ НА ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКУЮ АКТИВНОСТЬ ПОЧВЫ В УЛЬЯНОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

or 3 years, in three replications, on two backgrounds. The first background is without fertilizers. The second background is with introduction of granular, complex organomineral fertilizer (COMF) during sowing with an application rate of 100 kg / ha. In the subsequent scheme, four options were used on these two backgrounds: 1 control without bio products, 2 Ecoforce, 3 Extrasol-Zh, 4 BisolBifit. The effect of biological products and “COMF “ on winter wheat crops has been studied, and the relationship between soil biological activity and productivity in Ulyanovsk region has been revealed. The highest productivity parameter of Kharkovskaya 92 wheat was obtained by inoculation of seeds with Extrasol-Zh (1 liter per ton of seeds) and BisolBifit on complex fertilizer background during sowing at a dose of 100 kg / ha. Introduction of a complex organomineral fertilizer without application of biological products also contributed to an increase of soil biological activity in comparison with the control background without fertilizers by 5.6%. Our research has revealed a direct relationship between yield and soil biological activity. The regression equation shows that winter wheat yield increases by 0.09 t / ha with an increase of microbiological activity by 1%.

Isolation and evaluation of bacterial endophytes against Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet, the causal of pearl millet downy mildew

BackgroundPearl millet remains prone to many diseases; among them downy mildew caused by Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet is economically more important. The use of endophytic bacteria for management of downy mildew of pearl millet as eco-friendly approach is increasing attention as sustainable alternative to pesticides. The objective of the present study was to isolate endophytic bacteria from roots of pearl millet cultivars and assess for biocontrol activity against Sclerospora graminicola.ResultsThirty pearl millet root bacterial endophytes (PMRBEs) were isolated and screened in vitro for biocontrol activities such as: siderophore production, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production and 1-amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity. Sixteen isolates possessed siderophore production potential, 3 isolates were found to be HCN producers, and 30% of the bacterial endophytes showed a good growth on ACC supplemented plates. On the basis of biocontrol activities, promising endophyte PMRBE6 was selected for seed treatment as well as a foliar spray to manage downy mildew of pearl millet in screen house experiment. The isolate PMRBE6 was found to be effective in managing downy mildew disease. Grain yield, test weight, plant height and average number of productive tillers were found to be maximum on inoculation of seeds of different pearl millet cultivars with PMRBE6, and the results were statistically significant as compared to control.ConclusionsOn the basis of biochemical characterization and partial 16S rRNA sequencing, the isolate PMRBE6 was identified as Bacillus subtilis strain PD4 (Accession no. MN400209). Pearl millet root bacterial endophyte (PMRBE6) exhibiting biocontrol activities could be exploited in friendly, sustainable organic agriculture.

Response of Bacillus cereus on Zea mays under different doses of zinc sulphate

Anthropogenic activities have added a large amount of heavy metals to the environment. Heavy metal contaminants affect the physiological and biological properties of soil and plant health. Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient and it promotes plant growth and development but a higher concentration of the metal causes reduction in plant growth. The present study was aimed to evaluate the response of Bacillus cereus on maize plants at different concentrations of ZnSO4 (20, 40 and 60 mg kg–1) amended in the soil under pot experiment conditions. The experiment was conducted by using complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Higher doses of ZnSO4 inhibited maize growth and nutrient uptake. However, inoculation of maize seeds with Bacillus cereus at 20 mg kg–1 concentration of ZnSO4 increased seed germination about 39% and plant height by 15%. Moreover, 17% increase in leaf length and a 7% increase in leaf number were observed as compared to control at 20 mg kg–1 concentrations of ZnSO4. Reductions in all growth parameters were observed with 60 mg kg–1 concentration of ZnSO4. The Zn uptake was 75% higher in treatment T8 (uninoculated seeds with 60 mg kg–1 concentration of ZnSO4) as compared to treatments which were inoculated and grown under different zinc concentrations. The results suggest that Bacillus cereus has good potential to remediate Zn from soil as well as to reduce the phyto-availibility and phytotoxicity of zinc.

Вплив технологічних заходів вирощування на розвиток кореневої системи та симбіотичну продуктивність еспарцету

An important factor in the feed industry intensification is the cultivation of perennial legumes, including sainfoin. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of mineral fertilizers and seed inoculation on the formation of the root system and the symbiotic productivity of different varieties of sainfoin grown on green fodder. Experimental studies were conducted during 2016-2018 on the research field of Forage Production, Land Reclamation and Meteorology Department, located at the NULES of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station" on typical low-humus chernozem. According to the results of the research, it was established that on average in three years the biggest root mass - at the level of 52.7 t/ha was formed by sainfoin variety Amethyst Donetskyi with providing complete mineral fertilizer in the dose N45P60K90 and presowing seeds inoculation by Rhizotorphin. In plants of the same variant, the most developed symbiotic apparatus was also noted - in the flowering phase, the total number of tubers was 126 units/plant, and their weight was 3.444 g/plant. As a result of a strong root system of plants formation and a well-developed symbiotic apparatus, the amount of biologically fixed nitrogen under crops of sainfoin of variety Amethyst Donetskyi reached 143 kg/ha.

Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Enzyme Activity in the Symbiotic System Glycine max – Bradyrhizobium japonicum by Seed Inoculation Different in Activity and Virulation Strain and Treatment with Fungicides

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is a key enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway and provides precursors for the synthesis of many secondary metabolites, which are necessary for the development and protection of plants from external factors of various natures, in particular plays an important role in the formation and development of their symbiosis with microorganisms. Aim. To study the activity of PAL in soybean plants in the early stages of legume-rhizobial symbiosis under the influence of seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains with different symbiotic properties on the background of fungicide treatment. Methods. Microbiology (bacterial culture growing, seeds inoculation), physiological (pot experiment), biochemical (determining the PAL enzyme activity). Results. Inoculation of soybean seeds with active virulent rhizobia induces a significant decrease in PAL activity in the roots at the primordial leaf stage and a significant increase in its activity level at the first true leaf stage, compared to inactive symbiosis. At the stage of third true leaf, the activity of PAL increased more significantly in soybean root nodules formed by inactive rhizobia, compared to active symbiosis. However, at the stage of third true leaves, the activity of PAL in soybean root nodules formed by inactive rhizobia increased significantly compared to active symbiosis. The use of fungicides for pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds induces changes in the level of PAL activity in roots and nodules, which do not affect the overall dynamics of enzyme activity in different effective symbiotic systems Glycine max - Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Conclusions. The activity of PAL in the roots and especially in the root nodules of soybeans in the early stage of plant development in the case of fungicides using and bacterization is primarily due to the action of the inoculation factor, and is determined by the symbiotic properties of rhizobia strains, in particular, their virulence and nitrogen fixation activity.