Inoculation Of Seeds Research Articles

The Impact of Potassium Sources and Bio Fertilizer on Corn Plant and Potassium Availability in Calcareous Soil

Two field experiments were conducted in a calcareous soil during summer seasons of 2019 and 2020 at the experimental in a private farm Mallawi, El- Minia Governorate, Egypt to evaluate application of K fertilization at different rates of K2SO4 and non-classic products, i.e. K feldspar, mixture with or without inoculation with the K dissolving bacteria (Bacillus circulans.) soil chemical properties, plant growth, yield and nutritional value of corn (Zea-maize hybrid third 310). Our results proved that inoculation of maize seeds with Bacillus circulans at rate of 36% K2O improved soil pH, EC, soil organic matter content and enhanced the soil available N, P and K concentrations. Also, the growth parameters, yield and nutritional status of the plants were significantly increased by using non-traditional potassium fertilizers particularly in the case of seed inoculated with potassium dissolving bacteria (Bacillus circulans).

Effects of Lime, Cow Manure Application with RhizobiumInoculation on Yield and Quality of the Peanut in the Grey Degraded Soil of Tri Ton town

The field study was carried out in the grey degraded soil of Tri Ton town during Winter-Spring and Summer-Autumn crop of 2019- 2020. The field experiment was carried out by four treatments and four replications. Four treatments of Winter-Spring crop: The control treatment applied NPK (100 kgUrea + 556 kgP2O5 + 100kg KCl); (NT2): application of NPK, lime with Rhizobium inoculation; (NT3): NPK, cow manure and Rhizobium inoculation; (NT4):NPK, cow manure and lime with Rhizobium. Four treatments of Summer-Autumn cropwere carried on the prior experiment (Winter-Spring crop).However, treatments did not apply to cow manure, lime and Rhizobium(only NPK).The maximum plant biomass (168 g), number of nodule (92.1), fresh and dry weight of fill pods (61.4 and 37.6 g, respectively), fresh and dry weight of empty pods (2.07 and 1.19 g ), weight of dry nodules (0.83 g ) per plant, yield (6.12 ton ha-1), protein and oil in seeds (26.1 and 50.1%, respectively) were observed in cow manure and lime applied with Rhizobium inoculated treatments. All the parameters of growth and yield showed best result for application of lime and cow manure with synthetic Rhizobium inoculation of seeds. Cow manure has significantlyincreased the yield of peanut in the next crops. The results from our two crops of study showed that co-application of NPK, cow manure, lime and Rhizobium inoculation always increased field capacity in both crops.

Role of plant growth promoting bacteria in driving speciation gradients across soil-rhizosphere-plant interfaces in zinc-contaminated soils.

Inoculation of soil or seeds with plant growth promoting bacteria ameliorates metal toxicity to plants by changing metal speciation in plant tissues but the exact location of these changes remains unknown. Knowing where the changes occur is a critical first step to establish whether metal speciation changes are driven by microbial metabolism or by plant responses. Since bacteria concentrate in the rhizosphere, we hypothesised steep changes in metal speciation across the rhizosphere. We tested this by comparing speciation of zinc (Zn) in roots of Brassica juncea plants grown in soil contaminated with 600mgkg-1 of Zn with that of bulk and rhizospheric soil using synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Seeds were either uninoculated or inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii and Zn was supplied in the form of sulfide (ZnS nanoparticles) and sulfate (ZnSO4). Consistent with previous studies, Zn toxicity, as assessed by plant growth parameters, was alleviated in B.juncea inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum. XAS results showed that in both ZnS and ZnSO4 treatments, the most significant changes in speciation occurred between the rhizosphere and the root, and involved an increase in the proportion of organic acids and thiol complexes. In ZnS treatments, Zn phytate and Zn citrate were the dominant organic acid complexes, whilst Zn histidine also appeared in roots exposed to ZnSO4. Inoculation with bacteria was associated with the appearance of Zn cysteine and Zn formate in roots, suggesting that these two forms are driven by bacterial metabolism. In contrast, Zn complexation with phytate, citrate and histidine is attributed to plant responses, perhaps in the form of exudates, some with long range influence into the bulk soil, leading to shallower speciation gradients.

Nitrogen supply associated with rhizobacteria in the first productive cycle of Marandu grass

The rhizobacteria of genus Azospirillum and Bacillus are effective at fixing atmospheric nitrogen, promote plant growth and can largely contribute to beneficial recovery from degraded pastures. This study aimed to evaluate the development and nutritional status of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu in response to nitrogen doses along with inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus subtilis. The experiment was carried in a completely randomized design in a greenhouse with four replications and in factorial scheme 4 × 5. The treatments were consisted of seeds inoculation (without inoculation, A. brasilense (strains Ab-V5, Ab-V6), B. subtilis (strain CCTB04) and co-inoculation with strains of A. brasilense + strain of B. subtilis, and nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha−1, equivalent to 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg dm−3 N) from urea. The sole inoculation of A. brasilense and B. subitilis promoted plant height of Marandu grass along with nitrogen fertilization. The co-inoculation of these bacteria increased potassium accumulation in Marandu grass along with nitrogen doses. Regardless of bacterial inoculation, number of tillers, leaves, dry matter accumulation, crude protein and accumulations of N, P, Ca, S and Mg were increased with increasing nitrogen doses in the first forage cycle.

Economic efficiency of bacterial fertilizers application on soybean in the Oryol region

The research was conducted at FSCLGC in 2015-2019. The responsiveness of new varieties to inoculation with a set of active nodule bacteria strains 634, 626, 640, 645, 650 was studied in comparison with the standard Lanceolate variety on dark gray forest medium loamy soil. The scheme of the experiment included options without inoculation and fertilization (control), with inoculation with the specified strains, as well as with the introduction of mineral nitrogen at a dose of 60 kg of a.s./ha. The experience is replicated four times. The area of plots is 10m2. Sowing was carried out with a SKS-6-10 seeder in a wide-row method (row spacing 45 cm) in the second decade of May. The seeding rate is 600 thousand germinating seeds. Both inoculation of seeds and application of mineral nitrogen at a dose of 60 kg per hectare caused an increase in soybean yield. Crop increases, depending on the year and variant, were 0.6-2.7 C/ha. The highest yield – 28.2 C/ha (on average for 2 years) formed the Leader-10 variety. The analysis of the economic efficiency of cultivation of various soybean varieties showed that the profitability of cultivation of the Leader-10 variety, which is characterized by a higher level of productivity, is significantly higher than other evaluated varieties. According to the strain factor, soybean cultivation using inoculants based on highly active nodule bacteria strains complementary to each variety is more cost-effective than using mineral nitrogen fertilizers.

Variety and microbial nitrogen-fixing preparations in the yield formation of variegated alfalfa

As a result of studies of two variegated alfalfa fodder varieties selected by the FWRC FPA (Previously All-Russian Williams Fodder Research Institute) and the local population variegated alfalfa variety, it was found that Vega 87 formed a lower yield of green mass in the first year of growth. The yield of the Pastbischnaya 88 variety of the local population was 16 % higher; the superiority of both varieties over the variety Vega 87 was by 50 and 60% in the second year, and 13-15% in the third year of growth. Variegated alfalfa provided the following green mass harvest over the three years: Vega 87 - 31.55 t/ha (the lowest harvest), Pastbischnaya 88 - 39.55 t/ha, local population variegated alfalfa - 40.8 t/ha. The positive effect of inoculation with virulent active strains of the nodule bacteria on the total (per five cuttings) harvest of green mass was expressed in its increase in the experimental variants by 5.04-10.17 t/ha (6.8-13.7%) compared to the control variant. With the aim of adaptive intensification of fodder production, the creation of stable agrophytocenoses with variegated alfalfa with inoculation of seeds with virulent active strains of nodule bacteria is shown (the main production strain 425a showed best results).

Effectiveness of endo-rhizobacteria as growth promoters and biological control of moler disease in shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.)

The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of endo-rhizobacteria in spurring plant growth and controlling disease in local Wakatobi shallots. The study was conducted at the Agrotechnology Laboratory of the Agronomy Unit, and Screen House of the Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Halu Oleo, from March to June 2019. The study used a completely randomized design with eight treatments, namely without endo-rhizobacteria (control ), Be03 (B) + W2R06 (R) isolates. ) (B + R), isolate SWRII B02 (S) + Bacillus sp. CKD061 (C) (S + C), S + R, B + R + C, B + S + C, S + R + C and B + S + R + C. Each treatment was repeated 3 times so that there were 24 experimental units. The variables observed were plant height, number of tillers, number of leaves, the incidence of moler disease, and salicylic acid production. Observational data were analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by Duncan’s multiple range test α 0.05 and regression analysis to see the relationship between salicylic acid production and the incidence of moler disease. The results showed that endo-rhizobacteria inoculation of Wakatobi local onion seeds was able to increase plant growth and was able to control disease in local Wakatobi shallots. Endo-rhizobacterial combination treatment of SWRII B02 + Bacillus sp. CKD061 (S + C) was able to increase plant height by 30.42%, number of tillers 72.03%, number of leaves 88.03%, salicylic acid production 24.36%, and reduce the incidence of moler disease by up to 100% when compared to controls. Seed treatment with a combination of endo- rhizobacteria isolates from SWRII B02 + Bacillus sp. CKD061 can be recommended as a growth booster and biological control of cancer in onions.

Эффективность применения агрохимикатов при выращивании сои по нулевой технологии в условиях Центрально-Черноземного региона РФ

Field experiments to study the effectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers, a fungicidal seed disinfectant and an inoculant on soy were conducted in 2018-2020 on a typical heavy-loamy chernozem of the production farm "Levoberezhnoye" LLC "EkoNivaAgro", which is in the central part of the Voronezh region. The objects of research were soybean variety OAK Prudence (originator of the University of Guelph, Canada), inoculant Nitragin Zh (Fragaria, Argentina), fungicidal seed disinfectant Delit Pro, CS, pyraclostrobin 200 g/l (BASF, Germany). Mineral fertilizers were represented by ammonium nitrate (34.4%), ammophos (12:52) and diammophos (10:26:26). Soybeans were cultivated using the No-Till direct seeding technology. The sowing of soybeans was carried out with an Amity Single Disc Drill equipped with single-disc coulters with a row spacing of 38 cm. The forecrop of soy was corn for grain. The application of mineral fertilizers was carried out simultaneously with sowing in the row spacing. The yield of soybean grain in the control variant (without the use of agrochemicals) was the highest in the favorable moisture content of 2018, 1.50 t / ha, and almost the same in 2019 and 2020 – 1.24 and 1.23 t/ha, respectively. Average for 2018-2020 the yield of soybean grain in the control variant was 1.32 t / ha. The maximum grain yield was obtained on the variant with the combined use of the inoculant Nitragin Zh and ammonium nitrate at a dose of 200 kg / ha – 2.08 t / ha. The increase compared to the control variant was 0.76 t/ha or 57.0%. The greatest influence on the technological parameters of soybean seeds was exerted by pre-sowing inoculation of seeds and post-sowing application of nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of N70. Inoculation provided an increase in the protein content in soy seeds by 4.1%, and the application of N70 by 4.3% in absolute terms compared to the control. Keywords: SOY, MINERAL FERTILIZERS, FUNGICIDE, INOCULANT, YIELD, NO-TILL TECHNOLOGY

Synergistic effect of ACC deaminase producing Pseudomonas sp. TR15a and siderophore producing Bacillus aerophilus TR15c for enhanced growth and copper accumulation in Helianthus annuus L

Copper (Cu) is an essential element, however it’s excess into the environment causes detrimental effect on plant and risks for public health. Four Cu and drought tolerant 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase producing rhizobacteria were isolated from the roots of Trifolium repens L. growing on Cu smelter contaminated soils, characterized and identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A consortium of high ACC deaminase (53.74 μM α-ketobutyrate mg−1 protein h−1) producing bacteria Pseudomonas sp. strain TR15a + siderophore producing Bacillus aerophilus strain TR15c significantly (p < 0.05) produced better results for multiple-metal tolerance including Cu (1750 mg kg−1), antibiotic resistance (ampicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, penicillin, tetracycline, and streptomycin) and plant growth promoting attributes (phosphate solubilization: 315 mg L−1, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production: 8 mg L−1, ammonia and hydrogen cyanide production) as compared to individual isolates. Pot scale experiment (enriched with 100 mg Cu kg−1) showed inoculation of Helianthus annuus seeds with consortium of TR15a + TR15c had significantly (p < 0.05) improved seed germination by 32%, total dry biomass by 64%, root Cu by 47% and shoot Cu by 75% as compared to uninoculated control whereas 0.2−7 fold higher results were observed for above stated parameters as compared to four individual isolates studied. The result suggests consortium of ACC deaminase producing Pseudomonas sp. TR15a and siderophore producing B. aerophilus TR15c could play a vital role in enhanced Cu uptake and improvement of biomass and may provide a better alternative for decontamination of Cu contaminated natural ecosystem than individual isolates.

Biotechnological potential of bacteria from genera Bacillus Paraburkholderia and Pseudomonas to control seed fungal pathogens.

Fungal pathogens are important determinants of plant dynamics in the environment. These pathogens can cause plant death and occasionally yield losses in crops, even at low initial densities in the soil. The objective of this study was to select and evaluate fungal antagonistic bacteria and to determine their biological control capacity in soybean seedlings. A total of 877 strains from the genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Paraburkholderia/Burkholderia were screened, and their antagonistic effects on fungi frequently found in seeds were evaluated using four methods: quadruple plating, paired culture confrontation, strain containment, and inoculation of soybean seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three replications for the first three methods and five replications in a 3 × 9 factorial scheme for the fourth treatment. The strains with the highest biotechnological potential were inoculated into soybean seeds to evaluate the biological control of fungi that attack this crop at germination. Seventy-nine strains presented some type of antagonistic effect on the tested fungi, with two strains presenting a broader antagonistic action spectrum in the seed test. In addition to the antagonistic potential, strains BR 10788 and BR 11793, when simultaneously inoculated or alone, significantly increased the seedling dry matter mass, and promoted the growth of soybean seedlings even in the presence of most fungi. Thus, this study demonstrated the efficiency of the antagonistic activity of these strains in relation to the target fungi, which proved to be potential agents for biological control.

ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ ЯРОВОГО ЯЧМЕНЯ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ВИДА ПРИМЕНЯЕМЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ И БИОПРЕПАРАТА БИСОЛБИФИТ

The purpose of the study is to identify the effectiveness of various types of fertilizers and biologics Bisolbifit on the yield and quality indicators of spring barley grain. Experiments were conducted in 2015-2017 in Ulyanovsk region. The soil of the experimental site is represented by leached Chernozem, heavy loam. The scheme of experience included two factors. Factor A-control; pre-sowing seed treatment with Bisolbifit; NPK in pure form at a dose of 15 kg of active substance per hectare; modified NPK (NPKm) at a dose of 15 kg of active substance per hectare; modified NPK (1/2 NPKm) at a dose of 7.5 kg of active substance per hectare. Factor B (background): zero-without fertilizers; pure ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) at a dose of 40 kg of active substance per hectare; modified ammonium nitrate (1/2 NH4NO3m) at a dose of 20 kg of active substance per hectare. Inoculation of seeds with a biological preparation was performed by semi-dry etching 1...2 days before sowing at a dose of 400...600 g per hectare of seeds. For the preparation of modified NPK and ammonium nitrate, the biological preparation Bisolbifit was used in a dose of 4 kg per 1 ton of fertilizers. The drug was applied to mineral fertilizer granules on the day of sowing. All types of fertilizers and biologics studied led to an increase in yield. The use of mineral fertilizers in pure form (untreated with biologics) increased the yield by 0.26...0.41 t/ha, modified – by 0.38...0.54 t/ha, biologics – by 0.06...0.19 t/ha, compared with the control (2.67 t/ha). The use of fertilizers and biologics increased the weight of 1000 grains – the best options were with modified NPK at a dose of 15 kg d. V./ha-49.4...53.0 g. the quality indicators of the studied agricultural practices did not have a significant impact. The highest payback of fertilizers by increasing the yield was recorded in the variant with pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Bisolbifit biologics and amounted to 7.7...11.4 kg/kg

Yield and Production Components of Corn Under Straw of Marandu Palisade Grass Inoculated With Azospirillum brasilense in the Low-Land Cerrado

The use of plant growth-promoting bacteria combined with Integrated Agricultural Production Systems (IAPS) has resulted in productivity increases in the Brazilian Cerrado region. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of inoculating or not inoculating Azospirillum brasilense on corn and palisade grass seeds (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) on growth, yield components, and dry matter yield of the aerial part and grains in an Oxisol cropped in ICLS and under a no-tillage system for 12 years in an irrigated area. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were composed of corn (monoculture) with inoculated seed, corn (monoculture) without inoculated seed, corn + palisade grass (intercropping) without inoculation, corn + palisade grass (intercropping) with inoculation in both seeds, corn + palisade grass (intercropping) with inoculation of corn seeds, and corn + palisade grass (intercropping) with inoculation of grass seeds. At the end of each production cycle, the yield and components of corn, corn straw biomass, and dry matter of palisade grass were evaluated. Considering the optimal conditions of soil provided by liming and fertilization at sowing and nitrogen applied in topdressing, the application of A. brasilense in corn seeds did not show its potential. Intercropped systems inoculated or not with A. brasilense on corn seeds increase grain yield, dry matter production of grass, and nutrient accumulation in the straw, providing greater sustainability to the Cerrado no-tillage system.

Upland rice seedling performance promoted by multifunctional microorganisms

Multifunctional microorganisms can contribute to the development of plant root systems and positively affect the grain yield of crops. However, studies of the use of these microorganisms to benefit root development in rice plants are scarce. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of rhizobacterial inoculation of the seeds on the root development of upland rice seedlings. The experiment was carried out in the agricultural microbiology laboratory of Embrapa Rice and Beans, and we adopted a completely randomized design with eight replications. The treatments consisted of the inoculation of rice seeds with the rhizobacteria 1. Pseudomonas fluorescens (BRM 32111), 2. Burkholderia pyrrocinia (BRM 32113), 3. Serratia sp. (BRM 32114), 4. Bacillus sp. (1301), 5. Azospirillum brasilense (Ab-V5), 6. Azospirillum sp. (1381), and a 7. control treatment (without microorganisms). Treatment using the microorganism Azospirillum sp. (1381) provided the longest roots, greatest root volume and highest total dry mass of roots, at 86.34, 111.53 and 29.41%, respectively, significantly superior to the control treatment. In addition, treatments Ab-V5 and Bacillus sp. (1301) resulted in a root diameter of 13.81 and 13.06%, respectively, larger than that of the control treatment. The use of these multifunctional microorganisms was efficient for promoting the root development of rice seedlings.

Dynamics of formation and functioning of legume-rhizobial symbiosis Mesorhizobium ciceri-Cicer arietinum (variety Pam'iat')

The study of the dynamics of formation and functioning of symbiosis between nodule bacteria and chickpea plants was carried out in the northern region of Ukraine in the experimental plots, where the local population of chickpea mesorhizobia began to form. A new strain of Mesorhizobium ciceri ND-64 and a reference Mesorhizobium ciceri H-12 were used to inoculate Cicer arietinum seeds. The field study determined the number, weight, nitrogenase activity of nodules on the chickpea roots, dry green mass and mass of roots of chickpea plants of Pam'iat' variety. Samplings were carried out nine times in different phases of plant vegetation, starting from the branching phase and ending with the phase of complete maturity of seeds. The study showed that round and oval nodules appeared on the roots of chickpea plants during the branching stage. Gradually, they increased in size and in the phase of budding formed splices. The largest number of nodules (43.1 units/plant) was formed in the bean formation phase. The highest nitrogenase activity of the nodules was registered in the flowering phase. It was found that the bacterization of M. ciceri ND-64 promotes earlier formation and long-term functioning of the symbiotic apparatus in comparison with the reference strain and the control variant. The highest symbiotic rates under inoculation with M. ciceri ND-64 were registered at the beginning of the bean formation phase. In the control variant and with inoculation of M. ciceri H-12, these parameters were the highest later (at the end of the bean formation phase) and rapidly decreased in the subsequent phases, while the nodules formed by M. ciceri ND-64 continued to functioning actively. The positive effect of inoculation of chickpea seeds with a suspension of M. ciceri ND-64 on the increase in the number of beans and seeds per plant, weight of 1000 seeds and yield of chickpea plants was shown. Considering the obtained data, the new strain M. ciceri ND-64 is a promising bioagent of a microbial preparation for bacterization of chickpea

Biological features of growing tomatoes in closed agroecosystems

Researches were conducted in 2019-2020 in the department of closed artificial agroecosystems for plant growing on the basis of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM”, Moscow. The object of the study was the seeds of tomatoes Solanum lycopersicum L. The aim of the research was to study the effect of a biostimulant (succinic acid) on biological characteristics and productivity of Solanum lycopersicum L. grown in the substrate hydroponics of a climatic chamber. As a result of conducted researches, there was identified the most effective method of using succinic acid as a biostimulator – inoculation of seeds, which contributed to an increase in yield with a significant rise in relation to the control – 64.1%. The average fruit weight in this variant was 114.1 g, which exceeds the control by 37.0%. The complex application of the biostimulator provided an increase in the average fruit weight in 18.6%, the addition of hydroponics to the nutrient solution is 4.1%.

Економічна та енергетична ефективність вирощування різних сортів конюшини лучної на кормові цілі

Establish changes in the indicators of economic and energy efficiency of growing different varieties of clover for fodder purposes, depending on the methods of sowing, inoculation of seeds with nodule bacteria and fertilizers. Methods. Field and laboratory - for research in the field and laboratory conditions, analytical - to determine the chemical composition of the dry biomass of meadow clover, calculated - to determine the indicators of economic and energy efficiency. Growing meadow clover for fodder purposes on chernozems of typical low-humus northern part of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine is profitable. Regardless of the elements of technology, it provides 14962-23743 UAH of net profit with a profitability of 88-259 % and the cost of 1 ton of feed units – 1415-2662 UAH and crude protein – 5363-10265 UAH, payback of energy consumption per 1 ha gross energy (KEE) – 6.2-9.0 and the output of 1 ha of exchange energy (BEC) – 3,2-4,6, as well as energy costs per 1 ton of feed units 2.86-4.20 GJ. The best indicators of economic and energy efficiency of meadow clover cultivation are provided by the Typhoon variety by inoculation of seeds with nodule bacteria on a background without fertilizers. Additional application of P60K90 or N60P60K90 on the background of inoculation, which is necessary to maintain soil fertility, worsens them, reducing the net profit by 3486-5943 UAH per ha.

The prospect of using the cyanobacteriumNostoc muscorumto improve vital activity of barley seedlings by various methods of seed treatment

The influence of the cyanobacteriumNostoc muscorumon vital activity of barley seedlings of the species Novichok was researched. In the experiments different ways of cyanobacterial treatment were used: introducing microorganisms in the growth medium and pre-sowing inoculation of barley seeds with cyanobacteria. The influence of cyanobacterial treatment on biochemical indices and linear growth of barley plants was assessed. The share of plastid pigments and intensity of the processes of lipid peroxidation were assessed in a spectrophotometric way, standard methods were applied. It was stated thatNostoc muscorumhas a phytostimulating effect which consists in inhibiting oxidation processes in barley cells, accumulating substances with antioxidative activity, and activating growth processes. Pre-sowing inoculation of barley seeds with cyanobacteria is the most effective one.

Effect of inoculation of corn seeds with azospirillum brasilense on grain and silage production

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of inoculation of corn seeds with Azospirillum brasilense on grain and fodder production, nutritional value and fermentative characteristics of corn silage. The experimental design was completely randomized and consisted of two treatments with the inoculation of A. brasilense and control. The nutritive value of silages and grain yield were evaluated. The inoculation with A. brasilense did not increase the forage production (P&gt; 0.05) however it resulted in an increase (P &lt;0.05) in the silage material buffer power from pH 4.77 to pH 5.37 (meq HCl/100g MS). In silage the inoculation increased (P&lt;0.05) crude protein, total digestible nutrients and degradability of organic matter. These results are associated with lower (P &lt;0.05) concentration of lignin in the silages inoculated with A. brasilense. The grain yield and plant morphology were not altered (P&gt;0.05) by inoculation. The inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense did not affect the production however it made possible an improvement in the nutritional value of the silage.

Бактеризация семян кормовых трав: Влияние на прорастание и рост растений

Inoculation of seeds before sowing of growth-stimulating microorganisms is an effective method for increasing the productivity of crops and forage grasses, in particular. In this work, nine strains of bacteria were tested for their ability to produce the phytohormone indolyl-3-acetic acid (IAA) and stimulate seed germination and elongation of shoots and roots of seedlings of mogar, sudanese grass, awnless brome, alfalfa, and meadow fescue. The highest IAA concentration in the culture liquid was found in the strains Enterobacter ludwigii BLK and Pseudomonas sp. UOM 10 (2001 and 1617 ng/ml, respectively), and the lowest was in Pseudomonas sp. 5GCH and P. koreensis IB-4 (144 and 141 ng/ml, respectively), however, at this stage of research, a direct relationship between the level of phytohormone synthesis and the ability of bacteria to positively affect plant growth was not found. The plants were characterized by the species specificity of the reaction to bacterial treatment, with the exception of the Pseudomonas sp. 5GCH, which in some cases had a positive effect on seed germination, but did not enhance the growth of roots and shoots in the studied herbs. Synchronous stimulation of seed germination and an increase in the length of shoots and roots was observed on mogar plants upon inoculation with E. ludwigii BLK and P. plecoglossicida CH5-2 and on an awnless brome (P. chlororaphis 4CH, B. vietnamiensis 8CH, E. ludwigii BLK, P. laurentiana ANT 17 and P. plecoglossicida CH5-2). None of the strains simultaneously increased the length of shoots and roots in Sudanese grass and meadow fescue, but most microorganisms enhanced seed germination in them. Bacterization did not increase germination in alfalfa, and only Pseudomonas sp. UOM 10 and P. koreensis IB-4 promoted the growth of its shoots and roots.

Zajednički efekat Bacillus izolata i pepela na kvalitet zemljišta i biljke - preliminarni ogled u saksijama sa analizom potencijalno toksicnih elemenata

The use of biomass ash in agriculture can have advantages such as improved soil quality and environmentally friendly ash disposal. Moreover, in combination with microbial inoculants, biomass ash can have a beneficial effect on plant growth. The study investigated the effect of biomass ash and inoculums of three Bacillus isolates on the quality of soil and barley plants. The greenhouse pot experiment included five treatments and two control soils: control - without any amendment and control with mineral fertilizer (CAN). Treatments included soil (3 kg/pot) and biomass ash (30 g/pot) with and without calcium ammonium nitrate or with bacterial inoculum. Biomass ash was collected after combustion of soybean straw. Bacillus sp. were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of alfalfa. The presence of PGP traits (Indole-3-Acetic Acid and siderophores) was confirmed by the quantitative tests for the three Bacillus isolates used (B1, BS1, BMG1). The ash, soil and plant (collected in crop maturity stage) samples were tested for: total N, C, S, and plant available P2O5 and K2O as well as for the content of potentially toxic and hazardous microelements (As, Cd, So, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn). Inoculation of seeds with Bacillus inoculums (in vitro) showed a significant effect on seedling growth compared to the non-inoculated control. Addition of ash significantly reduced soil acidity and increased content of plant available P and K compared to the controls, while combination of ash and microorganism, increased amount of available P compared to the treatment with ash only. Barley biomass yield was increased more than double when treated with ash and by 87.62% when treated with ash+BMG1 compared to control. The lowest yield was obtained in the treatment where only CAN was added. The content of potentially toxic microelements in the soil and barley shoots was below the maximum allowed concentrations. The use of biomass ash alone was effective in terms of soil nutritional and physical properties resulting in yield increase. However, the use of ash in combination with Bacillus isolates in addition to positive effect on soil and plant quality resulted in a higher barley biomass than the combination of ash with CAN. This study showed that biomass ash can be used as fertilizer on acidic soils with low nutrient content alone or in combination with bacterial inoculants. The synergistic effect of ash with microorganisms can provide an environmentally friendly approach in agriculture to reduce the need for chemical fertilizers and solve the problem of biomass ash disposal.