Sedentary Smokers Research Articles

Efficacy and implementation of exercise-based smoking cessation treatment for adults with high anxiety sensitivity (STEP): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Anxiety sensitivity (AS), reflecting the fear of bodily sensations, is a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor that underpins both affective psychopathology and smoking. Phase II research supports the efficacy of a 15-week community-based intervention (STEP) that combines high-intensity exercise offered by the YMCA with standard smoking cessation treatment (tobacco quitline and nicotine replacement therapy) for sedentary smokers with elevated AS. This Phase III study aims to enroll 360 adults to evaluate whether STEP efficacy for achieving smoking abstinence generalizes to Black and Hispanic smokers with elevated AS.

Exercise Effects on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), Muscular Function, Cardiorespiratory Function, and Body Composition in Smokers: A Narrative Review.

Smoking is amongst the leading global threats with high incidences of preventable premature mortality, morbidity, and various chronic diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) proclaims a decrease in the prevalence of daily smoking in both males and females from 1980 to 2012, however, the number of regular smokers since then has exponentially increased. The low socio-income status individuals contribute greatly towards tobacco-attributable diseases due to limited access to healthcare systems, mostly in developing countries as compared to developed countries. Smoking affects the optimal functioning of the human body, which results in altered body system processes. Although a high intake of nicotine can lead to prolonged adherence and dependence on smoking, other factors, such as an individual's level of health-related quality of life (HRQOL), stress, depression, and anxiety, can produce similar effects. Smoking has a wide impact on lifestyle factors, which explains the increase in the number of sedentary smokers with decreased health fitness levels and poor lifestyle conditions. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate the exercise effects on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), muscular function, cardiorespiratory function, and body composition in smokers. Concurrently, exercise as an intervention has been sourced as a rehabilitation strategy during smoking cessation programmes to restore the diminishing health components, however, a high rate of relapse occurs due to intolerable withdrawal symptoms.

The Effect of Deviced Respiratory Muscle Exercises Applied to Smokers and Non-Smokers on Respiratory Functions

ABSTRACTCigarette addiction, which is very closely related to the onset of respiratory disorders, causes the deterioration of respiratory functions. It is possible to increase respiratory volume and capacity by strengthening the respiratory muscles through respiratory muscle exercises. In this study, it was aimed to compare the effects of 8-week deviced respiratory muscle exercises on the respiratory functions of smokers and non-smokers. A total of 22 volunteers, including 12 healthy and sedentary smokers and 10 non-smokers, participated in the study. All participants were given deviced respiratory muscle exercises every day for 8 weeks, with 40% of the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) values and 30 times in the morning and evening. The respiratory functions of the participants (FVC, FEV1, PEF, and FEV1/FVC) were determined by spirometry at the beginning of the study and at the end of the 8th week. The difference between the pretest and the posttest of respiratory functions was determined by Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, and the comparison of the level of development between the groups was determined by the mixed ANOVA test. As a result of the study, it was determined that there was a statistically significant increase in favor of the posttest in both groups between the pretests and posttests of MIP, FVC, FEV1, PEF, and FEV1/FVC values. In addition, when the two groups were compared, it was determined that the improvement in FEV1/FVC value was statistically higher in smokers. As a result, while it has been determined that deviced respiratory muscle exercises are an important factor in improving the respiratory functions of smokers and non-smokers, it can be recommended to use these exercises to increase the quality of life of individuals and to protect and improve their current health status. Keywords: Lung Capacity, Respiratory Muscle Exercise, Sedentary, Smoking

Prevalência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis no sistema prisional: um desafio para a saúde pública

Abstract A descriptive, cross-sectional, and quantitative study was conducted in 2019 with 202 participants randomly selected from a male penitentiary, with the application of a questionnaire, clinical care, and laboratory tests to estimate the prevalence of risk factors and noncommunicable chronic diseases in people deprived of their liberty. Data analysis verified associations using Fisher’s Exact Test and Chi-square Test. The predominant sociodemographic profile of the participants consisted of less-educated single, black, over 30 males with high prison recidivism. Most were sedentary smokers with high alcohol and drug consumption before incarceration. We identified prevalence levels of hypertension (24.8%), dyslipidemia (54.5%), overweight (49.9%), metabolic syndrome (16.8%), and diabetes (2.5%). The difficulty in accessing health services associated with long sentences and the unhealthy environment favors the development and deterioration of chronic diseases and their risk factors, a challenge for the organization of prison health care. This setting reiterates the need to apply resources and efforts to implement comprehensive, longitudinal, and equitable care for people deprived of liberty.

Prevalence of chronic noncommunicable diseases in the prison system: a public health challenge.

A descriptive, cross-sectional, and quantitative study was conducted in 2019 with 202 participants randomly selected from a male penitentiary, with the application of a questionnaire, clinical care, and laboratory tests to estimate the prevalence of risk factors and noncommunicable chronic diseases in people deprived of their liberty. Data analysis verified associations using Fisher's Exact Test and Chi-square Test. The predominant sociodemographic profile of the participants consisted of less-educated single, black, over 30 males with high prison recidivism. Most were sedentary smokers with high alcohol and drug consumption before incarceration. We identified prevalence levels of hypertension (24.8%), dyslipidemia (54.5%), overweight (49.9%), metabolic syndrome (16.8%), and diabetes (2.5%). The difficulty in accessing health services associated with long sentences and the unhealthy environment favors the development and deterioration of chronic diseases and their risk factors, a challenge for the organization of prison health care. This setting reiterates the need to apply resources and efforts to implement comprehensive, longitudinal, and equitable care for people deprived of liberty.

Effect of Six-Minute Walk Test and Incremental Exercise on Inspiratory Capacity, Ventilatory Constraints, Breathlessness and Exercise Performance in Sedentary Male Smokers without Airway Obstruction.

We investigated physiological responses and exercise capacity in sedentary young smokers during sub-maximal and maximal test and its impact on dyspnea and exercise intolerance. Fifty sedentary male smokers and non-smokers (age: 24 ± 1 years., weight: 71 ± 9 kg, height: 177.3 ± 4.8 cm, body mass index: 22.6 ± 2.5 kg/m2) underwent two visits with pulmonary function tests, breathing pattern, and inspiratory capacity measurement at rest and during sub-maximal and maximal exercise. Smokers show reduced exercise capacity during six minutes walk test (6-MWT) with decreased walked distance (p < 0.001) and inspiratory capacity (p < 0.05). During cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), smokers had higher minute ventilation VE for a given submaximal intensity (p < 0.05) and lower minute ventilation at maximal exercise (p < 0.001). End expiratory lung volume was significantly lower in sedentary smokers at rest (p < 0.05), at ventilatory threshold during exercise (p < 0.05), but not during peak exercise. End inspiratory lung volume was significantly lower in smokers at rest (p < 0.05) and ventilatory threshold (p < 0.05). Cigarette smoking alters lung function during submaximal and maximal exercise. This alteration is manifested by the development of dynamic hyperinflation contributing to exercise capacity limitation.

Effects of an Acute Bout of Exercise on Salivary Lactoferrin Responses among Smokers and Non-Smokers

Smoking can weaken immune function as reported in previous studies. However, benefits of exercise in reducing negative effects of smoking on salivary lactoferrin responses is scarce to date. Hence, the purpose of this study is to determine the effects of an acute bout of exercise on salivary lactoferrin responses among smokers and non-smokers. Eighteen sedentary men were recruited; nine smokers (age = 22.4 ± 1.4 years; BMI = 22.1 ± 1.1 kg/m2) and nine non-smokers (age = 22.1 ± 0.7 years old; BMI = 22.5 ± 1.9 kg/m2). In this study, participants cycled at an intensity of 60% maximum heart rate for 60 minutes. Participants were given cool water as much as 3 ml/kg body weight at minutes 20 and 40 during the exercise session. Participants’ body weight and saliva samples were collected at pre and post-exercise. Heart rate and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded at pre, during and post-exercise. Mixed ANOVA was used to measure significant differences between groups and within group. The results showed that saliva flow rate, lactoferrin concentration and lactoferrin secretion rate were not significantly different (p&gt;0.05) between smokers and non-smokers groups and also between pre and post-exercise within each group. Heart rate and RPE showed significant increased (p&lt;0.05) during the exercise session in both groups. As a conclusion, acute bout of exercised does not affect salivary lactoferrin responses among sedentary smokers and non-smokers men.

Short Term Effect of Interscapular Cupping on Chest Expansion in Sedentary Male Smokers

Short Term Effect of Interscapular Cupping on Chest Expansion in Sedentary Male Smokers

Effects of Resistance Training on Smoking Abstinence Self-Efficacy in Sedentary Smokers

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is prevalent with 40 million Americans smoking and one in five deaths attributed to this behavior. Aims: This study examined effects of a resistance training (RT) program on smoking abstinence self-efficacy. Methods: Forty (40) participants were randomized into intervention or control groups. Smoking abstinence self-efficacy, withdrawal symptoms, and smoking behavior were measured. Results/Findings: RT group presented with statistically significant greater increases in self-efficacy compared to control. RT group participants also presented with non-significantly greater decreases in smoking behavior and withdrawal symptoms compared to control. Conclusions: This study demonstrates effectiveness of RT in improving smoking abstinence self-efficacy.

Acute and Recovery Changes of TNF-α and IL-1β in Response to Aerobic Exercise in Smokers and Non-smokers

Introduction: Recent evidence has shown that acute exercise modulates the immune response in healthy individuals, although the effect on smokers has not drawn much attention. This study examined acute and post exercise inflammatory responses in smokers and nonsmokers to moderate aerobic exercise. Methods: For this purpose, Fifteen recreationally sedentary male smokers and 15 nonsmokers matched for age (35.5 ± 5.8 years) and BMI(31.30 ± 4.5 kg/m2) were familiarized and underwent aerobic exercise testing involved 40 min running on flat surface with no slope at 70(%) of maximal heart rate. Venous blood was obtained pre-exercise (baseline), 0, 60 min and 24 hours for analysis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) of 2 groups. Experimental data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures in each group. Results: No differences existed between groups for baseline IL-1B between 2 groups but serum TNF-α was higher in smokers. Aerobic exercise test results a significant decrease in serum TNF-α at 0, 60 min and 24 hours compared baseline in smokers but not in non-smokers. Serum IL-1βremained unchanged at all blood samples after exercise test in both groups. Conclusion: All together, based on acute and recovery response of TNF-α to exercise, it seems that a moderate aerobic exercise has beneficial effects on inflammatory profile in smokers.

Abstract P344: Sleep Duration and Obesity: Impact of Demographics, Socioeconomic Status, Health Behaviors, and Health Status

Introduction: Many studies have shown that sleep duration is associated with obesity. It is unclear, though, whether this relationship exists equally across groups and whether it depends on demographics, socioeconomics, or aspects of health. Methods: Nationally-representative data from the 2016 BRFSS was used. Obesity was calculated as BMI≥30. Sleep duration was categorized as very short (≤4), short (5-6), normal (7-8), and long (≥9). Covariates included demographics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, marital status), socioeconomics (education, income, employment, # children), health risk factors (smoking, heavy drinking, sedentary lifestyle, access to a doctor, foregoing medical care due to cost), and health status (physical health, mental health, health-related limitations). Weighted logistic regression examined 5 models (unadjusted, demographics, add socioeconomics, add health behaviors, add health status). Whether relationships depended on covariates were evaluated with interaction terms and followed up by stratified analyses. Results: See Table for associations between sleep duration and obesity across all 5 models. In all models, very short, short, and long sleep were all associated with obesity, with very short sleep carrying the greatest risk. Note that as the number of covariates increased, the analytic samples were smaller. Interaction terms for all variables were statistically significant (p&lt;0.001). Very short and short sleep effects were strongest in the youngest adults. Relationships were stronger in women. Sedentary individuals, heavy drinkers, and smokers demonstrated a weaker relationship. Lack of care was associated with a stronger relationship. Conclusions: Both short and long sleep are associated with obesity, even after accounting for many covariates. However, this relationship depends on factors such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and health. This will help towards understanding risk and targeting interventions.

Community-based physical activity as adjunctive smoking cessation treatment: Rationale, design, and baseline data for the Lifestyle Enhancement Program (LEAP) randomized controlled trial.

Despite advances in behavioral and pharmacological treatment for tobacco use and dependence, quit rates remain suboptimal. Increasing physical activity has shown some promise as a strategy for improving cessation outcomes. However, initial efficacy studies focused on intensive, highly structured exercise programs that may not be applicable to the general population of smokers. We describe the rationale and study design and report baseline participant characteristics from the Lifestyle Enhancement Program (LEAP), a two-group, randomized controlled trial. Adult smokers who engaged in low levels of leisure time physical activity were randomly assigned to treatment conditions consisting of an individualized physical activity intervention delivered by health fitness instructors in community-based exercise facilities or an equal contact wellness control. All participants received standard cognitive behavioral smoking cessation counseling combined with nicotine replacement therapy. The primary outcomes are seven-day point prevalence abstinence at seven weeks, six- and 12 months. Secondary outcomes include self-reported physical activity, dietary intake, body mass index, waist circumference, percent body fat, and nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Participants consist of 392 sedentary smokers (mean [standard deviation] age = 44.6 [10.2] = years; 62% female; 31% African American). Results reported here provide information regarding experiences recruiting smokers willing to change multiple health behaviors including smoking and physical activity.

Deterioration of lung functions is similar in bidi and cigarette smokers in younger population despite mild, low duration smoking - an observational study

Background and Aim: Smoking in the form of bidi or cigarette is a preventable cause of lung damage. There are limitations of routine spirometry which fails to reveal functional residual capacity (FRC), residual volume (RV), and total lung capacity (TLC). These are functionally significant parameters affected earlier by cigarette smoking. However, less is known about the effect of bidi smoking which is 10 times more prevalent in India than cigarette. We studied the effect of type of smoking bidi versus cigarette on complete profile of lung volumes and capacities in young male smokers. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study using random sampling from community. Fifty-four apparently healthy, young, asymptomatic current male smokers were recruited from community. We used Ultima PFX real time diffusion system, BreezeSuite software, flow volume calibration, and guidelines laid by American Thoracic Society. We measured spirometric parameters followed by FRC measurement by nitrogen washout technique and derived RV and TLC. We compared the distribution of means by unpaired t -test and evaluated linear correlation between parameters by Pearson's correlation test, setting P value significance at 0.05. Results: Male smokers had mean age 30 years, mean duration 7 years, predominance of light smoking. Age, body mass index, duration, and intensity of smoking correlated negatively with most parameters with significance mainly for spirometric parameters. Values did not differ between bidi or cigarette smoker significantly. Majority showed either normal or mixed spirometric pattern with none showing obstructive one. Conclusion: Young, asymptomatic, sedentary male smokers had reduced lung functions - spirometric or nonspirometric, unaffected by type of smoking - bidi or cigarette, despite low duration and predominant light smoking with restrictive or mixed pulmonary dysfunction whose progression can be suggested to be prevented by cessation of smoking.

Promoting pre-quit physical activity to reduce cue reactivity among low-income sedentary smokers: A randomized proof of concept study

BackgroundSmoking and lack of physical activity (PA) contribute to disproportionate rates of disease among low-income adults. Interventions that simultaneously address both risk behaviors have strong potential to reduce health disparities. Existing smoking-PA studies indicate promising results but have limited generalizability to low-income populations. The goal of this study is to assess the effects of an integrated behavioral counseling approach to promote low-to-moderate intensity PA (LMPA) and reduce short-term smoking cue reactivity among low-income sedentary smokers. MethodsThis study uses a randomized, 2-group design with 4 measurement time points: baseline, quit day (week 4), 1-week and 1-month follow-up. Participants (sedentary, smoke>6 cigs/day) receive 4weeks of either (a) standard smoking cessation counseling (SCC control) or (b) our Step-Up to Quit (SUTQ) intervention that integrates advice for LMPA with SCC. SUTQ counseling focuses on increasing daily steps (walking) to reach 7500–10,000/day by week 4 (quit day) and explicitly links short bouts of LMPA with smoking urge management. Potential for SUTQ to facilitate urge management will be assessed by comparing between-group differences in the reduction (extinction) of quit day cue reactivity. We will explore group differences in quit rates at 1-week and 1-month follow-up. DiscussionThis novel approach overcomes gaps in the PA-smoking intervention literature by promoting a more realistic PA approach for sedentary populations, using an ecologically valid strategy, integrating LMPA with evidence-based SCC during a 4-week pre-quit period, and testing the SUTQ counseling model in a high-risk sample. Results will guide future efficacy and dissemination studies.

Change in Body Weight Does Not Mediate the Relationship Between Exercise and Smoking Cessation Among Weight-Concerned Women Smokers.

Exercise has received attention as a method to prevent or reduce postcessation weight gain. However, little is known about how weight changes following quit attempts contribute to the relationship between exercise and smoking cessation. The present study assessed how exercise relates to cessation and whether initial changes in exercise after quitting smoking promote cessation through attenuated weight gain. Weight-concerned women smokers (N = 342) receiving cessation treatment provided biochemical validation of cessation, reported weekly exercise activities, and were weighed at 1, 3, and 6 months following treatment initiation. Survival analyses were used to determine time to and risk of relapse among women who reported engaging in varied levels of exercise at baseline. A mediation analysis was used to examine whether the effect of initial changes in exercise on longer-term cessation was driven by change in weight. All analyses were adjusted for relevant covariates. Women smokers who reported high levels of exercise at baseline were less likely to relapse and returned to smoking more gradually than did women who reported low levels of exercise. Change in weight did not mediate the relationship between exercise and cessation. Cessation interventions utilizing an exercise component may have to develop exercise regimens of either higher duration or greater intensity to produce beneficial cessation outcomes, particularly when targeting sedentary smokers. Given that change in weight did not mediate the relationship between exercise and cessation, it is likely that other mediational processes are involved.

Leptin and smoking cessation: secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial assessing physical activity as an aid for smoking cessation.

BackgroundSmokers have a lower body weight compared to non-smokers. Smoking cessation is associated with weight gain in most cases. A hormonal mechanism of action might be implicated in weight variations related to smoking, and leptin might be implicated. We made secondary analyses of an RCT, with a hypothesis-free exploratory approach to study the dynamic of leptin following smoking cessation.MethodsWe measured serum leptin levels among 271 sedentary smokers willing to quit who participated in a randomized controlled trial assessing a 9-week moderate-intensity physical activity intervention as an aid for smoking cessation. We adjusted leptin for body fat levels. We performed linear regressions to test for an association between leptin levels and the study group over time.ResultsOne year after smoking cessation, the mean serum leptin change was +3.23 mg/l (SD 4.89) in the control group and +1.25 mg/l (SD 4.86) in the intervention group (p of the difference < 0.05). When adjusted for body fat levels, leptin was higher in the control group than in the intervention group (p of the difference < 0.01). The mean weight gain was +2.91 (SD 6.66) Kg in the intervention and +3.33 (SD 4.47) Kg in the control groups, respectively (p not significant).ConclusionsSerum leptin levels significantly increased after smoking cessation, in spite of substantial weight gain. The leptin dynamic might be different in chronic tobacco users who quit smoking, and physical activity might impact the dynamic of leptin in such a situation.Clinical trial registration numberNCT00521391Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-911) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Effect of Fruit Rich Diet on Cardiopulmonary Efficiency in Short Term Smokers

Background: Use of tobacco in cigarettes leads to an oxidant antioxidant imbalance. As a consequence of its addictive qualities, the consumption of cigarettes often becomes a lifelong habit with cumulative and deleterious effects on health. Previous reports have described long-term harmful effects of nicotine on various body parameters, including oxidative injury and a lack of antioxidants in the body. Fruits are known to be a rich source of dietary antioxidants. This study was conducted to know the effect of consumption of fruits in a group of short term smokers on cardio-pulmonary efficiency parameters. Materials and Methods: Treadmill exercise testing and pulmonary function tests were done before and after maximal exercise testing to assess cardiopulmonary efficiency in two groups' viz., healthy sedentary controls and healthy cigarette smokers on a fruit rich diet. Results: On studying the differences in cardiopulmonary efficiency in the two groups the resting heart rate (HR) was found to be statistically significantly higher in the study group and the delta HR (δHR) was found to be statistically significantly lower among cigarette smokers. There was no significant difference seen in parameters like maximal oxygen consumption max, maximum oxygen pulse, maximum voluntary ventilation, maximum minute ventilation as an acute effect of cigarette smoking. Conclusion: In this study, it appears that cigarette smokers are physically fit like controls, but after immediate smoking a lesser δHR suggests a higher risk for cardiovascular mortality. There seems to be no effect of including fruits in the diet of smokers. The predominant effect of smoking over dietary measures is obvious. Stopping smoking at this juncture can be helpful in reverting back the risk and parameters like resting HR, recovery HR and δHR can be used as prognostic assessment tools for any intervention therapy to stop cigarette smoking in asymptomatic individuals.

Effects of resistance exercise on the HPA axis response to psychological stress during short-term smoking abstinence in men

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of resistance exercise on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) response to mental challenge, withdrawal symptoms, urge to smoke, and cognitive stress during 24-hour smoking abstinence. Methods8 sedentary smokers (mean±SD age: 20.1±1.7y; height: 171.6±10.8cm; body mass: 70.4±12.0kg; smoking history: 2.9±0.8y) completed a 24-hour ad libitum smoking trial (SMO) followed by two 24-hour smoking abstinence trials. During abstinence trials, participants performed six whole body resistance exercises (EX) or a control condition (CON) in the morning, followed by mental challenge tasks in the afternoon. Plasma adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), and salivary and serum cortisol were measured during each visit at rest (REST), and then before (PRE-EX), immediately after (IP-EX), and 30min after exercise (30-EX); and before (PRE-MC), immediately after (IP-MC), and 30min after mental challenge (30-MC). ResultsResistance exercise significantly (p≤0.05) elevated plasma ACTH and serum cortisol at IP-EX during EX compared with SMO and CON trials. Resting ACTH, salivary and serum cortisol concentrations at Pre-MC did not differ between EX and CON trials. The HPA axis response to mental challenge was similar after EX and CON trials. Finally, resistance exercise did not reduce withdrawal symptoms, urge to smoke, or stress. ConclusionResistance exercise did not substantially alter resting HPA hormones or the HPA response to mental challenge tasks during 24h of smoking abstinence.

Differential effects of a body image exposure session on smoking urge between physically active and sedentary female smokers.

Smoking is often used as a maladaptive weight control strategy among female smokers. Many of the perceived benefits accrued from smoking, including enhanced mood, reduced anxiety, and weight control, can also be achieved through physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a novel behavioral task (body-image exposure) that was designed to elicit body image and weight concerns on urge to smoke among 18-24 year old female smokers who vary in levels of physical activity. Using a cue-reactivity paradigm, 16 sedentary (SE) and 21 physically active (PA) female smokers (≥5 cigarettes/day for past 6 months) were exposed to a pilot tested body-image exposure session. Self-reported urge and latency to first puff were obtained before and after exposure session. Paired sample t tests showed significant increases in self-reported urge (p < .01) and quicker latency to first puff (p < .01) at posttest for the entire sample compared with pretest. Results of partial correlation (controlling for body mass index [BMI], nicotine dependence, withdrawal, and depressive symptoms) showed that increased time engaging in vigorous intensity physical activity was associated with lower self-reported urge to smoke at post (r = -0.44; p = .01) but not with latency to first puff (r = -.10; p = .62). These results suggest that among weight-concerned female smokers, physical activity may attenuate smoking urges in a context where weight concerns are increased. Future research should continue to explore effects of physical activity on reactivity to body image and smoking cues and variability in smoking cue-reactivity related to physical activity.

Predictors of Weight Change in Sedentary Smokers Receiving a Standard Smoking Cessation Intervention

Quitting smoking is associated with weight gain, which may threaten motivation to engage or sustain a quit attempt. The pattern of weight gained by smokers treated according to smoking cessation guidelines has been poorly described. We aimed to determine the weight gained after smoking cessation and its predictors, by smokers receiving individual counseling and nicotine replacement therapies for smoking cessation. We performed an ancillary analysis of a randomized controlled trial assessing moderate physical activity as an aid for smoking cessation in addition to standard treatment in sedentary adult smokers. We used mixed longitudinal models to describe the evolution of weight over time, thus allowing us to take every participant into account. We also fitted a model to assess the effect of smoking status and reported use of nicotine replacement therapy at each time point. We adjusted for intervention group, sex, age, nicotine dependence, and education. In the whole cohort, weight increased in the first 3 months, and stabilized afterwards. Mean 1-year weight gain was 3.3kg for women and 3.9kg for men (p = .002). Higher nicotine dependence and male sex were associated with more weight gained during abstinence. Age over median was associated with continuing weight gain during relapse. There was a nonsignificant trend toward slower weight gain with use of nicotine replacement therapies. Sedentary smokers receiving a standard smoking cessation intervention experience a moderate weight gain, limited to the first 3 months. Older age, male sex, and higher nicotine dependence are predictors of weight gain.