Effect of Six-Minute Walk Test and Incremental Exercise on Inspiratory Capacity, Ventilatory Constraints, Breathlessness and Exercise Performance in Sedentary Male Smokers without Airway Obstruction.

Wassim Melliti,Mehdi Chlif,Kaouthar Masmoudi,Fawaz Alassery,Habib Hamam,Donies Masmoudi,Rim Kammoun,Said Ahmaidi

doi:10.3390/ijerph182312665

Abstract

We investigated physiological responses and exercise capacity in sedentary young smokers during sub-maximal and maximal test and its impact on dyspnea and exercise intolerance. Fifty sedentary male smokers and non-smokers (age: 24 ± 1 years., weight: 71 ± 9 kg, height: 177.3 ± 4.8 cm, body mass index: 22.6 ± 2.5 kg/m2) underwent two visits with pulmonary function tests, breathing pattern, and inspiratory capacity measurement at rest and during sub-maximal and maximal exercise. Smokers show reduced exercise capacity during six minutes walk test (6-MWT) with decreased walked distance (p < 0.001) and inspiratory capacity (p < 0.05). During cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), smokers had higher minute ventilation VE for a given submaximal intensity (p < 0.05) and lower minute ventilation at maximal exercise (p < 0.001). End expiratory lung volume was significantly lower in sedentary smokers at rest (p < 0.05), at ventilatory threshold during exercise (p < 0.05), but not during peak exercise. End inspiratory lung volume was significantly lower in smokers at rest (p < 0.05) and ventilatory threshold (p < 0.05). Cigarette smoking alters lung function during submaximal and maximal exercise. This alteration is manifested by the development of dynamic hyperinflation contributing to exercise capacity limitation.

Highlights

Smoking is undoubtedly a major cause of illness and premature death, as well as a source of discomfort and possibly poorer quality of life in smokers or those exposed to tobacco smoke [1]
There were no significant differences between the groups in age, weight, height, and BMI
Disparity in dynamic hyperinflation (DH) on both measures, which is higher after the gradthe disparity in dynamic hyperinflation (DH) on both measures, which is higher after the ual Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET), can be due to different exercise intensities manifested by variations in oxygen gradual CPET, can be due to different exercise intensities manifested by variations in oxuptake, ventilatory efficiency, mechanical ventilatory constraints, oxygen desaturation, ygen uptake, ventilatory efficiency, mechanical ventilatory constraints, oxygen desaturaand breathlessness

Summary

Objectives

The major objective of this study is to investigate the mechanical ventilatory responses in sedentary young smokers using inspiratory capacity determination throughout the maximal and sub-maximal exercise

Methods

Discussion

Conclusion