Security Staff Research Articles

An observational study on acceptability, palatability, and safety of Ayurveda immunity booster kit for the prevention of COVID-19 in frontline workers in Jaipur, India.

National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, India, had distributed Ayurveda immunity booster kit (AIBK) (prepared at own pharmacy and comprising Chyawanprasha - 300 g, Vyadhi Kshamatva Kwatha - 300 g, and Vyadhi Kshamatva capsule - 30 g) for 15 days among the health-care workers, sanitation workers, and security and police staff engaged in the containment zones for prevention of COVID-19. The aim of present study was to explore the medication that may be effective in prevention of the COVID -19. Hence, this study was done to assess the compliance of these medicines and their effects in the prevention of COVID-19. One thousand seven hundred and fourteen frontline workers were provided with the AIBK for 15 days from April 24, 2020, to June 27, 2020. Data of frontline workers who had participated in AIBK and completed the treatment regimen with 2 weeks of follow-up after treatment with complete available data for safety, palatability, efficacy, and compliance were included in the study. Any adverse event needing hospitalization or medication, drug compliance and palatability, and appearance of the symptoms of COVID-19 or testing positive for COVID-19 were the outcome measures. Out of 1714 participants, 1003 participants were found to be eligible for this analysis. The median age of these participants was 39 years (range, 19-70), and males accounted for 90.1% (904 of 1003). A total of 7.5% of participants (75 of 1003) reported having adverse events after taking the study treatment. None of the participants reported any serious adverse effects after the administration of the AIBK. The acceptability of the AIBK was as high as 97.4%. None of the participants reported positive for COVID-19 results or COVID-19 symptoms up to 2 weeks of follow-up after completion of the study treatment. The acceptability of AIBK is good and indicates its role in the prevention of COVID-19-like illness, hence further randomized control trials or cohort studies can be done to assess the mechanism of action and efficacy of AIBK as the preventive strategy in COVID-19.

Large Event Security - A Case Study of Spokane Events, WA

Large event security has become increasingly complex over the past 20 years. Security incidents have included headline tragedies such as the Las Vegas shooting in 2017 and the Boston Marathon bombing in 2013. Spokane, Washington, has been no exception to the need to enhance guest security for large-scale events, as evidenced by the Hoopfest gang-related shooting in 2010 and the Martin Luther King Jr. Day bombing attempt in 2011. Balancing the interests of stakeholders has become challenging for event management professionals in both planning and operations phases. Security strategies and trainings designed for security and guest service staff are critical for the success of new protocols. Transparent communication to the public is crucial for the event's success and the guarantee of guest satisfaction. This case study aims to document the leadership decisions made to enhance security for large-scale events held in Downtown Spokane and the Spokane Arena. Focusing on several tipping points, the leadership decisions and implementation are chronicled as a case study, along with the decisions and protocols that continue to influence large event security in the Spokane area. This study will benefit other event planners and venues as they face security system upgrades, protocols, and implementation.

Library Security: Perceptions of Preparedness

This article details the results of two parallel surveys sent to the heads of campus security and the libraries at 54 schools within the SUNY system. We undertook this study to determine the extent of collaboration between these groups and to learn where library and security staff perceptions of safety and preparedness differ. The findings indicated that most campuses have emergency response plans in place for the possibility of a high-impact violent event or a human-caused emergency. 
 
 However, libraries are less likely to have dedicated emergency plans and report an inconsistent mix of physical security measures and staff safety trainings. Overall, both campus security respondents and library staff members feel safe at work and reasonably prepared for a human-caused emergency. Additionally, campus security consistently rated the libraries as safer and more prepared than the librarians rated themselves, and a gap exists in perceptions of the frequency and usefulness of collaborations between the two. Security consistently answered that they are closely involved with library trainings and safety measures, while the librarians’ responses ranged from no contact with security to praise for existing collaborations and a desire for more.

Mapping the Psychosocialcultural Aspects of Healthcare Professionals' Information Security Practices: Systematic Mapping Study.

BackgroundData breaches in health care are on the rise, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach to mitigation efforts.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive framework for modeling and analyzing health care professionals’ information security practices related to their individual characteristics, such as their psychological, social, and cultural traits.MethodsThe study area was a hospital setting under an ongoing project called the Healthcare Security Practice Analysis, Modeling, and Incentivization (HSPAMI) project. A literature review was conducted for relevant theories and information security practices. The theories and security practices were used to develop an ontology and a comprehensive framework consisting of psychological, social, cultural, and demographic variables.ResultsIn the review, a number of psychological, social, and cultural theories were identified, including the health belief model, protection motivation theory, theory of planned behavior, and social control theory, in addition to some social demographic variables, to form a comprehensive set of health care professionals’ characteristics. Furthermore, an ontology was developed from these theories to systematically organize the concepts. The framework, called the psychosociocultural (PSC) framework, was then developed from the various combined psychological and sociocultural attributes of the ontology. The Human Aspect of Information Security Questionnaire was adopted as a comprehensive tool for gathering staff security practices as mediating variables in the framework.ConclusionsData breaches occur often in health care today. This frequency has been attributed to the lack of experience of health care professionals in information security, the lack of development of conscious care security practices, and the lack of motivation to incentivize health care professionals. The frequent data breaches in health care threaten the mutual trust between health care professionals and patients, which implicitly impacts the quality of the health care service. The modeling and analysis of health care professionals’ security practices can be conducted with the PSC framework by combining methods of statistical survey, observations, and interviews in relation to PSC variables, such as perceptions (perceived benefits, perceived threats, and perceived barriers) or psychological traits, social factors, cultural factors, and social demographics.

Restorative justice: a qualitative analysis of school security perspectives

ABSTRACT Grounded in Restorative Justice theory, the current study examines the perspectives of School Resource Officers (SROs) and other School Security Personnel (SSPs) during a professional development training on restorative-problem solving. Specifically, focusing on how school security staff are currently using restorative justice in their work, how they can use these practices in the future, and any variations in perspectives towards restorative justice based on their job title. A qualitative phenomenological methodology was used to analyze qualitative responses to training logs from SROs and SSPs (n = 99). Throughout the module, participants were asked to reflect on five different situations and provide examples of how they would address these issues using restorative justice. Codes and memos were used to summarize the themes across participants. Both SROs and SSPs are aware of restorative practices and use them to some capacity in their roles. However, additional training is needed to ensure that practices are used consistently and effectively across positions and schools. To abolish the U.S. school-to-prison pipeline, all school staff including security should receive mandatory, ongoing, evidence-based professional development for school-wide implementation of restorative justice as an alternative to punitive disciplinary strategies that disproportionately harm students of color and their families.

Compassion in Corrections: The Struggle Between Security and Health Care.

Many incarcerated individuals have chronic health conditions and mental health issues that have not been addressed by health care providers in years, if not decades. Patients in correctional settings are isolated from society and have reduced access to health care. Prison is a lonely scary place. How then do nurses impact the lives of these patients? It can be challenging given safety concerns, resource issues, and the bias of not only the nurse but also the security staff with whom they are working. Nurses have a responsibility to their patients to beneficence, justice, nonmaleficence, and autonomy. Compassion in corrections, though, is often viewed as naivete or weakness. Should these qualities be left out of corrections? By identifying one's own bias and asserting firm consistent practices, correctional nurses can set an example of unbiased care. The standards of care are the minimum required, but are they enough?

Testing theft transmission in and around São Paulo metro stations, Brazil

Metro stations are criminogenic places that radiate and/or absorb crime. In this paper, we assess potential theft transmission in these places and their surrounding areas using police recorded data from the São Paulo metro system in Brazil. The study classifies whether metro stations are crime absorbers, crime radiators, or both, by time of day and day of the week. Time series data were used to test the empirical model (panel vector autoregressive) and Granger tests for temporal precedence. Findings show that ‘theft waves’ recorded in the metro stations often precede in time those that occur in the stations' surrounding areas. However, on weekdays, during off-peak hours, the opposite might happen: stations absorb some of the crime that spills over from criminogenic surrounding areas into the stations. Since there is evidence of transmission of crime from one environment to another, in both directions, better cooperation between police responsible for security in the surrounding areas and the metro security staff might improve crime prevention initiatives in these transit settings.

Epidemiology Characteristics of COVID-19 Infection Amongst Primary Health Care Workers in Qatar: March-October 2020.

Background: COVID-19 transmission was significant among Healthcare workers worldwide. In March 2020, Qatar started reporting numbers of COVID-19 positive cases among workers in Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC). The study estimates the burden of the aforementioned infections and examines the demographic characteristics associated with the recorded positivity rates.Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among Primary healthcare workers between March 1st and October 31st, 2020. The study examined the positivity rate of the different types of Primary healthcare workers and, analyzed the demographic characteristics of the infected persons.Results: 1,048 (87.4%) of the infected Health Care Workers (HCWs) belonged to the age group below 45 years, and 488 (40.7%) HCWs were females. 450 (37.5%) were HCWs clinical staff working in one of the 27 PHCC Health Centers (HCs) Despite the increased patient footfall and risk environment, the COVID dedicated HCs had an attack rate of 10.1%, which is not significantly different from the average attack rate of 8.9% among staff located in other HCs (p = 0.26). Storekeepers, engineering & maintenance staff, housekeeping staff, support staff, and security staff (outsourced non-clinical positions) had the highest positivity rates, 100, 67.2, 47.1, 32.4, and 29.5% respectively.Conclusion: The elevated risk of infection among outsourced non-clinical healthcare workers can be explained by environmental factors such as living conditions. Furthermore, better containment within clinical healthcare workers can be attributed to strict safety training and compliance with preventative measures which is recommended to be implemented across all settings.

ASSESSING CONGREGANTS PERCEPTION OF VULNERABILITY OF CHURCH BUILDINGS TO SECURITY THREATS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA

This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on Assessing Congregants’ perception of Vulnerability of Church Buildings to security threats in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study has been necessitated by increased cases of targeted criminal attacks on congregants and church buildings in addition to increased perceptions of congregants as soft targets of insecurity, more pertinently in Nairobi County. The study will be guided by the following objectives; to investigate the nature of perceived vulnerability against church buildings; to explore congregant’s perceptions of what constitutes church buildings security and safety; to establish congregant’s perceptions of their level of preparedness in case of a criminal attack while in church buildings service; and to determine the congregant’s perceptions of what they think should be done to secure church buildings in Nairobi County Kenya. This study was grounded by two theories; Defensive Space Concept and Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED). This study adopted a cross-sectional survey design while Stratified random sampling technique was used to pick all the main respondents. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 182 members of each church (main respondents). In addition, Key Informants (K.I) guide was used to collect qualitative data from 8 K.I who include 4 Priests (1 from each church), and 4 security guards (one from each church). Data was analyzed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and results presented using tables, bar and pie charts. The study results revealed that violent attacks against the churches in Nairobi county are on the increase (72%) and that the violent attacks against the churches in Nairobi county have inspired fear among church attendants (68.1%). Further, results showed the gun attacks were the most prevalent in church buildings (29.7%) closely followed by knife attacks (29.1%), explosive attacks (20.3%), suicide bombs (13.2%). Further, the results have revealed that some churches had employed various measures to counter violent attacks that included amongst other measures employed full time trained security staff to manage such incidents. Congregant’s perceptions on violent attacks against churches include; Knife and explosive attacks during services, but which have prompted fears of future gun or other terror attacks as is the case in other countries. According to the study; main measure of church security and safety included the Perimeter Walls, use of Surveillance cameras, use of Metal Detectors in church entrances, and heavy barriers in church entrance amongst other measures. As a policy measure, the study recommended formulation of standard security and safety measures applicable to all places of worship in Kenya that include; permanent security staff and armed security in all places of worship.

Burnout Among Private Security Staff in Serbia: A Multicentic Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Burnout is a special a state of physical or emotional exhaustion that also involves a sense of reduced accomplishment and loss of personal identity.Objectives: To evaluate the predictors of burnout among work staff in the seven private agencies for support and defense of persons and their property.Material and Method: We performed a multicentric cross-sectional study that involved representative sample of working staff from Agencies of Private Security in Central Serbia. Burnout was assessed using Maslach Burnout Inventory- (MBI)-Human Services Survey.Results: A total number of participants were 353 (330 men and 23 women). Measured level of burnout as assessed by high emotional exhaustion, high depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment was 66.3, 82.4, and 13.4%, respectively. We identified that female gender, younger age, shorter work experience, working in shifts, working 12 h a day and more than 8–12 h a day as well as dissatisfaction with working conditions. Work in shifts, working 12 h a day and more than 8–12 h a day and dissatisfied with dissatisfaction with working conditions significantly increase the risk of total burnout.Conclusion: Our results showed that significant predictors for the development of burnout syndrome were female gender, younger age, shorter work experience, working in shifts, as well as dissatisfaction with working conditions.

Efficient path planning of drone swarms over clustered human crowds in social events

PurposeIn this study, supervision and control of the possible problems among people over a large area with a limited number of drone cameras and security staff is established.Design/methodology/approachThese drones, namely unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) will be adaptively and automatically distributed over the crowds to control and track the communities by the proposed system. Since crowds are mobile, the design of the drone clusters will be simultaneously re-organized according to densities and distributions of people. An adaptive and dynamic distribution and routing mechanism of UAV fleets for crowds is implemented to control a specific given region. The nine popular clustering algorithms have been used and tested in the presented mechanism to gain better performance.FindingsThe nine popular clustering algorithms have been used and tested in the presented mechanism to gain better performance. An outperformed clustering performance from the aggregated model has been received when compared with a singular clustering method over five different test cases about crowds of human distributions. This study has three basic components. The first one is to divide the human crowds into clusters. The second one is to determine an optimum route of UAVs over clusters. The last one is to direct the most appropriate security personnel to the events that occurred.Originality/valueThis study has three basic components. The first one is to divide the human crowds into clusters. The second one is to determine an optimum route of UAVs over clusters. The last one is to direct the most appropriate security personnel to the events that occurred.

Drug dealing and drug use prevention \u2013 a qualitative interview study of authorities\u2019 perspectives on two open drug scenes in Stockholm

BackgroundThe use of illicit substances causes various health and social problems globally. Moreover, open drug use and dealing in urban areas, i.e., open drug scenes, can cause public order problems, lead to the recruitment of marginalized and young people for drug use or sale, and induce feelings of insecurity in the general public. Although some international studies have described various ways to manage open drug scenes, such as law enforcement and social interventions, there is limited knowledge about the facilitators and barriers promoting or impeding the implementation of such interventions. The aim of the current study was to explore how different authorities describe the nature of two open drug scenes in Stockholm and to derive authorities’ perspective on facilitators and barriers to implementing interventions to reduce open drug dealing, drug use, and related problems at these locations.MethodsSemi-structured interviews with police officers, security staff, social workers, and municipality officials (n = 21) in the municipality of Stockholm were conducted and analyzed by qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe analysis of the interviews generated the following categories: Problems, Interventions, Organizational factors, and External factors, revealing information about the strategic and daily counteracting work occurring at the open drug scenes as well as authorities’ perceptions of facilitators and barriers to implementing interventions to reduce open drug dealing, drug use, and related problems. Facilitators included motivated and skilled professionals and organized collaboration between key actors. Prominent barriers were a lack of resources to maintain personnel continuity at the scenes, policies that impede information sharing and put security staff in danger, and people who use or sell drugs without having residence permits.ConclusionsTo increase the possibility of successful implementation of interventions to counteract open drug dealing, politicians and authorities should pay attention to collaboration between key actors, sufficient resource allocation, possible modification of policy governing professional duties, and remedies to the vulnerability of individuals without residence permits.

SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Among Healthcare Workers by Job Function and Work Location in a New York Inner-City Hospital.

To describe the seroprevalence and risk for SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare workers (HCWs) by job function and work location following the pandemic's first wave in New York City (NYC). A cross-sectional study conducted between May 18 and June 26, 2020, during which HCWs at a large inner-city teaching hospital in NYC received voluntary antibody testing. The main outcome was presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies indicating previous infection. Seroprevalence and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for seropositivity by type and location of work were calculated using logistic regression analyses. Of 2,749 HCWs tested, 831 tested positive, yielding a crude seroprevalence of 30.2% (95% CI, 29%-32%). Seroprevalence ranged from 11.1% for pharmacy staff to 44.0% for nonclinical HCWs comprised of patient transporters and housekeeping and security staff, with 37.5% for nurses and 20.9% for administrative staff. Compared to administrative staff, aORs (95% CIs) for seropositivity were 2.54 (1.64-3.94) for nurses; 2.51 (1.42-4.43) for nonclinical HCWs; between 1.70 and 1.83 for allied HCWs such as patient care technicians, social workers, registration clerks and therapists; and 0.80 (0.50-1.29) for physicians. Compared to office locations, aORs for the emergency department and inpatient units were 2.27 (1.53-3.37) and 1.48 (1.14-1.92), respectively. One-third of hospital-based HCWs were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 by the end of the first wave in NYC. Seroprevalence differed by job function and work location, with the highest estimated risk for nurses and the emergency department, respectively. These findings support current nationwide policy prioritizing HCWs for receipt of newly authorized COVID-19 vaccines.

Untreated Insomnia in Corrections and Increased Risk of Death

This review discusses the potential negative consequences of untreated insomnia in correctional settings. A literature review was conducted on the association between insomnia and negative health outcomes, the best practices for treating insomnia with and without medications, and common practices that prohibit the treatment of insomnia in correctional settings. Untreated insomnia was associated with increased psychiatric distress, increased risk for suicide, and increased all-cause mortality. Common practices in many correctional institutions impose restrictions on treating insomnia. These practices lead to an increased likelihood for negative health outcomes, including suicide and an increase in all-cause death. Practices that prohibit the treatment of sleep in correctional settings increase the risk of death by suicide and other adverse health outcomes. The practices are often put in place due to pressure from the security staff who have trouble controlling the black-market trade of prescribed medications and other contraband within jails and prisons. Healthcare professionals in the correctional setting must advocate for the importance of treating sleep problems in jails and prisons and work with security staff on ways to overcome the problems of pill diversion and the trade of contraband in order to provide quality healthcare to this protected population.

Performance analysis of a privately managed public hospital in Burkina Faso

Hospitals in Sub-Saharan Africa face many challenges. Burkina Faso has experimented a private operating system in a public hospital, in order to improve its performance. To assess the Tengandogo Teaching Hospital's (TTH's) performance in Ouagadougou. Burkina Faso. We carried out a mixed-method cross-sectional study. We collected data in April 2017 using document review and quantitative data (key performance indicators), individual interviews with key informants. The analytical framework covered services continuity, health department efficiency and staff working environment safety. Our study findings indicated that the performance of TTH hospital is hampered by frequent shortages in medicine and medical consumables, deteriorating facilities, poor coordination of care and lack of data on patients and staff security. Private management of public hospitals is not sufficient to improve the performance of hospitals in Burkina Faso. More attention should be paid to improving supply management of medicine, consumables and ensuring a safe work environment for health workers.

Social Support and Its Link to Workplace Trust Among Correctional Staff: An Exploratory Research Note

Private security staff play an important role in protecting society, including those who work in private prisons. Working in a private prison is a demanding job. Staff are responsible to ensure that the correctional facility is safe, secure, and humane. Past research has found that organizational trust, in terms of supervisor and management trust, influences private prison staff in many outcome areas, such as job involvement, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, job stress, feeling at risk at work, and job burnout; however, there is a dearth of research on how workplace variables may contribute to organizational trust. The current study examined how the major forms of social support (family, coworkers, supervisor, and management) were related to supervisor trust and management trust among 160 staff at a private U.S. prison. Based on ordinary least squares (OLS) multivariate regression, the results indicated coworker, supervisor, and management support each had significant positive effects on supervisor trust, with supervisor support having the largest effect. In another OLS multivariate regression analysis, family, supervisor, and management support had significant positive effects on management trust, with management support having the largest effect. The findings suggest that private prison administrators should consider increasing all four forms of social support in order to raise both supervisor and management trust. It would be a valuable investment in staff.

Aspects Regarding Safety and Security in Hotels: Romanian Experience

This study investigates safety and security from the perspective of Romanian tourists by assessing the level of importance that tourists give to safety and security depending on the level of classification of the services they experienced and the generation to which they belong. We used a quantitative research method in the form of a questionnaire and analysed eight dimensions of safety and security: detectors, emergency preparedness, medical preparedness, staff security, guestroom security, pool and beach security, hotel access control, and cyber security. We identified the differences between tourists’ perception of safety and security depending on the level of classification of accommodation services and on generation.

Major challenges to achieving food security in rural, Iran

ABSTRACT Ensuring food security is one of the Millennium development goals, with most developing countries endeavouring to alleviate hunger levels. Indeed, 923 million individuals are undernourished in the world. Furthermore, United Nations and the Food and Agriculture Organisation report a large majority of food-insecure individuals live in rural areas of developing and less developed countries, making it more crucial to study the various challenges to food security in rural areas. This research investigates the major challenges to food security in rural areas of Iran using the Delphi technique run in three rounds with a panel of experts consisting of 27 academic faculty members in the field of food security, rural development, agriculture, and executive staff. Findings identified eight categories as main challenges to food security: policy, economic, knowledge and information, infrastructural, cultural, access to food, climate conditions, and social challenges.

Assessment of pandemic (COVID-19) preparedness in a teaching hospital in northern India using available (CDC-Atlanta) checklist.

Background:Hospitals are at the forefront of dealing infectious public health emergencies. Recently, COVID-19 has been declared as pandemic by the World Health Organization. Dealing with COVID-19 pandemic requires high intensity of administrative activity.Objective:We conducted this study to assess and compare, objectively, hospital preparedness with available Centre of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) standards.Methods:CDC has issued checklist for the assessment of hospital preparedness for COVID-19 pandemic, globally. This list contains 10 elements with sub-sections. We objectified the same and scored the hospital preparations accordingly. Various financial efforts made by the hospital to procure COVID19-specified items was also recorded.Results:As per the CDC checklist, the hospital scored 197 points (72.06%) out of 270 points with highest points in element two and eight. Element two is for the development for written COVID-19 plan. Element eight consists of addressing the occupational health of healthcare workers. Lowest scoring was in the element seven represented visitor access and movement within facility. During the study period, the hospital procured items of approximately 55 lakhs. In the study period, doctors, nursing staff, housekeeping staff, and security staff were channelized for doing COVID-19 duties.Conclusions:We obtained a score above 70% (good) which is quite encouraging, and we concluded that pandemic preparations in hospitals are necessary and it can be assessed objectively against prevailing standards. It is important in poor countries like India where spending on healthcare is minimal compared to other countries. Additionally, this assessment can be used to guide us further changes in policies and identifying the gaps in pandemic preparedness in hospitals which require special attention.

The other corona warriors: A KAP study on COVID-19 among janitors and housekeeping staff from a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India

BACKGROUND: Janitors and housekeeping staff are an integral part of our health-care system and are also in the frontline to fight this pandemic. COVID-19 infection is a new disease which currently has no specific treatment and vaccine, but this disease is preventable if there is a high level of awareness. This is especially important for housekeepers as they are unable to get adequate protection unlike doctors and nurses. They also receive less importance and appreciation than other frontline workers. OBJECTIVES: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of janitors and housekeeping staff of a tertiary care hospital on COVID-19 and to find out the factors associated with KAP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational study was carried out among 214 janitors and housekeeping staff of a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.0. Each response was scored, and subjects having a total score above the median score of KAP scores were said to have adequate knowledge, positive attitude, and satisfactory practice, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was done to check the association between KAP of the study population with their sociodemographic profile. RESULTS: About 53.3% of the study population had adequate knowledge, 56.1% had positive attitude, while 62.6% had satisfactory practice (≥median score). Age, posting in medicine & allied departments and surgery and allied departments were found to have statistically significant odds of inadequate knowledge. Odds of having negative attitude was found to be statistically significant in those working as security and kitchen staff and residing within the institution premises. Odds of having unsatisfactory practice was found to be statistically significant in the age group of 34 years and above and those following Islam religion. CONCLUSION: The janitors and housekeeping staff had adequate knowledge on COVID-19, and their attitude was mainly positive with satisfactory practice. However, the proportion of adequate knowledge, positive attitude, and satisfactory practice could have been higher. As the global threat of COVID-19 continues to increase, greater efforts through campaigns that target frontline workers and the wider population are urgently needed.