Security Staff Research Articles

Culture and human factors in aviation security

Culture and human factors in aviation environment are not new concepts. They have been primary components of the aviation safety system and have become fundamental to the operations of air carriers. Their significance in ensuring safe aviation practices is widely recognised and accepted today. These concepts have been seamlessly integrated into the organisational DNA of aviation safety, shaping core principles and practices. In contrast, aviation security has historically lagged behind, often seen merely as a component of the broader safety framework. Over the years, safety and security have evolved separately, reflecting their distinct natures. While aviation safety has reached a high level of maturity, aviation security is now in a position where it must catch up. Current aviation security staff recruitment and retention challenges need to be addressed by creating better strategy for future recruitment, professionalisation of security workforce and improved airport environment. Embedding strong and effective security culture, consideration of human factors and their impact on staff performance and development of mission valence can positively affect airport working environment, leading to better staff retention and positive perception of aviation security roles.

Routinising Police-Security Collaborations: A Prospective, Mixed-Methods Experiment in British Train Stations

Interagency cooperation may increase efficiency and cost-effectiveness in an era of resource austerity and increased workload for both the police and their partners. Yet the effect of a strategic police-security collaboration on routine operations across multiple sites is unknown. In a controlled experiment, we introduced an interagency collaboration between state and non-state guardianships to train stations across England. A mixed-methods approach, with multiple crime indicators and a survey administered with police officers and security partners, was applied through a series of before-and-after comparisons with staggered start dates to control for confounding variables. Crime recording, police proactivity and crisis intervention increased compared to controls. Security staff and officers valued collaboration and saw it as beneficial and efficient. The findings support police-private-security collaboration on crime and disorder, but more research with larger and more diverse samples and stricter control over rival explanations is needed.

Medical : OTP Generation

Abstract—Abstract—”Secure Staff Portal: Streamlined Login and OTP Recovery System” Our website, the ”Secure Staff Portal,” offers employees a safe and convenient platform that guarantees easy access to their accounts. This platform prioritizes usability and security for continuous team connectivity. It has an easy-to-use login method and a productive One-Time Password (OTP) recovery system.Entering a username and password is the only step in the simple login process. Our user-friendly ”Generate OTP” option is helpful if you forget your login credentials. This feature adds an extra degree of security and makes it simple to restore account access by instantly sending a One-Time Password (OTP) to the user’s registered email address.With great care, ”Secure Staff Portal” strikes a balance between ease of use and security. Staff members may easily manage their accounts with confidence and peace of mind thanks to this dependable and effective solution.

Understanding the Workplace-Violence-Related Perceptions and Coping Strategies of Nurses in Emergency Rooms.

Workplace violence (WPV) is a well-known and serious issue in most countries, and WPV against healthcare providers is of particular concern, especially among nurses working in emergency rooms (ERs). We aimed to develop a deeper understanding of nurses' perceptions and coping strategies related to WPV that took place over a 1-year period from the perspective of nursing victims still working in ERs in southern Taiwan. This is a qualitative study with in-depth and semistructured interviews. Nineteen ER nurse victims were recruited from six hospitals in southern Taiwan from June 2015 to April 2016. All of the interview recordings were analyzed using content analysis. The content analysis identified two themes of perceptions and two themes of coping strategies toward WPV. The two themes of perceptions were "adversity" and "dilemma," with the former covering the three subthemes of "misunderstanding of health policy," "unsafe environment," and "nursing shortage" and the latter covering the two subthemes of "burnout" and "keeping or quitting the job." The two themes of coping strategies were "adjustment" and "resilience," with the former covering the three subthemes of "acceptance of the reality of WPV," "self-regulation," and "culture and belief" and the latter covering the two subthemes of "living with WPV" and "problem solving." The findings revealed that ER nurse victims of WPV experienced a complicated journey after encountering WPV. Their coping strategies may be referenced by other ER nurses to better prevent and manage violent events in ERs. To prevent and manage violence in ERs, hospital managers should create a safe working environment through, for example, assigning sufficient security personnel and staff; provide relevant training to ER nurses in communications and other skills; and implement support systems to strengthen nurse resilience.

What Do Correctional Leaders Think About Faith-Based Programs? Results From a National Survey

While religious programs and services have long been a staple of the American prison experience, existing research has yet to examine how correctional administrators perceive their importance and effectiveness. Of the 50 states invited to participate in the survey, most of the 27 respondents reported that faith-based programming provides a critically important resource that yields successful outcomes and positively influences prison culture. Nearly half indicated that interest in programming exceeds the resources available, while two-thirds reported that programming access should be expanded. The vast majority cited a lack of physical space and security staff as barriers to increased programming access.

Scaling the Library Resources with Zscaler

More and more institutions and universities are implementing security measures to prevent wide-spread cyberattacks. When institutions initiate new security applications, the library is often overlooked. Libraries have complex ecosystems where multiple applications and systems converge with user data and online library resources. These ecosystems have various considerations including multi-factor authentication, proxies, multiple virtual private networks (VPNs), knowledgebases, and vendor inconsistencies. Duke University Health recently launched data security software called Zscaler, which prevented on-campus users from accessing the library e-resources. This presentation describes how Duke University Medical Center Library staff discovered the access issue and tested various workarounds to allow patrons to access library e-resources. The discussion covered how staff continue to work with Duke University Health IT security staff and university administration to find resolutions for the complex integration of security software with the library’s online resources.

Social categorisation of asylum seekers: Free-listing by professionals in German reception centres

Abstract Background Newly arriving asylum seekers in Germany mostly live in large reception centres. Goods and services are provided by professionals. Their social categorisations may impact discretionary decisions and determine the scope of access to health and social services. We sought to explore what social categories were mostly applied to asylum seekers in that context. Methods We conducted a modified, verbal free-listing with health care, security, translation, social work and administrative staff in two German reception centres, asking what kind of asylum seekers were there. After qualitative content analysis, categories were quantitatively mapped using the Excel Macro “Flame” showing frequencies, ranks and salience of those social categories. Results 40 professionals listed on average 16 items (min = 4, max = 31). In total 624 items were analysed. Categorisations were of individual, interactional, professional, and societal nature. Professionally relevant categories like needs were not mentioned with the highest frequencies. The leading social categorisations of asylum seekers referred to asylum seekers attitudes professionals derived from their behaviour mostly in combination with socio-demographic variables, such as countries and regions of origin and sex. The most relevant social categories were “demanding and expectant” and “polite and friendly” behaviour, also the effort to adapt to the German environment was often evaluated. The category “economic refugees” ranked forth. Conclusions Social categorisation is permeable to public and political discourses related to motives for flight, or integration efforts and chances, impacting on negotiations of deservingness. Since categorisation structures perception, it potentially influences interaction and decision-making, it can trigger empathy and support as well as rejection and discrimination. Free-listing provides a suitable tool, to explore real world categorisation without leaning on pre-given social categories. Key messages • Public health studies on bias, racism and discrimination could benefit from free-listing as useful methodological tool to explore real world social categorisation without using pre-given categories. • Health sciences should foster awareness on political and societal discourses about migrant and minority populations seeping into professional cognition, which can trigger support or discrimination.

Application of the Third Generation Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design on University Campuses

As a complex of material and spiritual, space and society, the university campus is a relatively complex environment. This paper investigated the effectiveness of the third generation of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) in reducing crime and enhancing security within educational institutions. The third generation of CPTED emphasizes the integration of advanced technologies, such as access control systems, intelligent sensors and alarms, emergency communication systems, data analysis, and predictive policing, using advanced technologies to enhance security measures on university campuses. This paper aimed to explore the current security level of the university campus, interpret the principle of the third generation CPTED to reduce the crime rate on college campuses and propose a security strategy based on the third generation CPTED for the university campus. The research method of this paper was qualitative, conducting semi-structured interviews with campus security personnel, university administrators, university teachers, and staff of the Universiti Sains Malaysia, using NVivo software, and using thematic analysis methods for data analysis. The findings suggest that traditional campus security measures may not fully address the evolving security challenges facing modern universities. Participants expressed concern about inadequate lighting, limited surveillance coverage, and inadequate emergency response systems. The results of this paper emphasize the technical application of the third generation CPTED, thereby highlighting the practice of the third generation CPTED in university campus security, proposing the basic strategy of a smart campus, and establishing a mobile phone application on the terminal. Strong use of technology to facilitate real-time communications, incident reporting, and emergency response to enhance campus security and ultimately improve the overall security of the university campus.

79 Exploring Wayfinding Challenges in the Paediatric Emergency Department Using a Human-centred Design Approach

Abstract Background Wayfinding is defined as the way people orient themselves in and navigate a physical space. Wayfinding systems may include cues in the built environment, printed information and signage, and human interactions (1). The unfamiliar environment and processes of the paediatric emergency department (ED) can cause increased patient and caregiver stress, anxiety, and dissatisfaction with the healthcare system (2). Even though improved wayfinding can improve trust, communication, and patient safety (3,4), it has been a longstanding challenge in the ED. This challenge was magnified during the COVID-19 pandemic, as the ED had to create temporary rooms and waiting areas to accommodate higher patient volumes and social distancing. Objectives The aim of this project was to explore wayfinding challenges in the paediatric ED and use a human-centred design approach to create an improved wayfinding system. Design/Methods We followed a human-centred design methodology (5,6). Three site visits were conducted to observe the workflow of the paediatric ED. Semi-structured and unstructured interviews were conducted in-person with key stakeholders and subject matter experts, including flow support staff, information and registration clerks, physicians, triage and bedside nurses, and security staff. We synthesized the data using content analysis. The objective of the analysis was to transform themes into actionable design opportunities (7). Themes were used to guide ideation sessions with the research team. Results There were specific gaps in wayfinding and common points of confusion for caregivers, including the lack of any map, lack of standardized naming and colour-coding for certain ED locations, unintuitive naming for key locations, cluttered and contradictory or absent signage, and a lack of accessible information for patients who may have visual impairments or reduced English language proficiency. Specific areas of challenge included the triage and line up process, the location of bathrooms, and understanding the process of the ED visit. To address these challenges, our team followed an iterative approach of ideation and creating a low-fidelity prototype of a wayfinding system using visual mock-ups. We also created a map of the ED, signage for the entrance, a journey map (see Figure 1, below) and an informational pamphlet for families. Conclusion Wayfinding is an important part of the care experience for children and their families. Many stakeholders validated that patient flow in the ED needed improvement and that the pandemic had further exacerbated existing challenges. Next steps include implementing our wayfinding solution and evaluating its impact. Figure 1. Journey Map REFERENCES 1. Madson M, Goodwin K. Color Coding the "Labyrinth": How Staff Perceived a Two-Part Intervention to Improve Wayfinding in an Adult Emergency Department. HERD. 2021 Oct;14(4):429-441. 2. Maqbool T, Raju S, In E. Importance of patient-centred signage and navigation guide in an orthopaedic and plastics clinic. BMJ Qual Improv Rep. 2016 Jan 14;5(1):u209473.w3887. 3. Zamani Z. Effects of Emergency Department Physical Design Elements on Security, Wayfinding, Visibility, Privacy, and Efficiency and Its Implications on Staff Satisfaction and Performance. HERD. 2019 Jul;12(3):72-88. 4. Naccarella L, Raggatt M, Redley B. The Influence of Spatial Design on Team Communication in Hospital Emergency Departments. HERD. 2019 Apr;12(2):100-115. 5. Bubric K, Harvey G, Pitamber T. A User-Centered Approach to Evaluating Wayfinding 00Systems in Healthcare. HERD. 2021 Jan;14(1):19-30. Journal Of Library User Experience 6. Lorusso L, Lee JH, Worden EA. Design Thinking for Healthcare: Transliterating the Creative Problem-Solving Method into Architectural Practice. HERD. 2021;14(2):16-29. 7. Thomas DR.. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American Journal of Evaluation 2006;27(2):237-246.

Support mechanisms that enable emergency nurses to cope with aggression and violence: Perspectives from New Zealand nurses

BackgroundAlthough efforts to reduce aggression and violence in emergency departments are important, it is also critical to minimise harm and support staff where this occurs. This research describes support mechanisms emergency nurses value when they experience occupational aggression and violence. MethodsA mixed-methods design including thematic analysis of six interviews and descriptive analysis of fifty-one surveys, with experienced emergency nurse participants and respondents from a single large urban emergency department. ResultsFour key themes summarised coping with aggression and violence: Minimising exacerbating factors (mental health, lack of understanding of zero tolerance in practice, and wait times); Support before violence (use of huddles and having experienced nurses on each shift); Support during violence (education including restraint, self-defence, de-escalation and legalities); and Support after violence (debriefing, incident reporting and a sense of ‘toughness’) ConclusionEmergency nurses need preparation and support to competently manage complex mental health presentations, understand legal rights, communicate effectively with patients, families and colleagues and access event debriefing. Security staff are valued team members but also need adequate resourcing and preparation.

Crime Prevention through Environmental Design in Healthcare Facilities: A study of Sehat Al Sharq at Al Khobar, KSA

This paper shall cover the existing theories and practices in the field of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design with a special focus on Healthcare Projects. The intention is to address the gap between theory and practices. Safety & Security is one of the basic human needs for peaceful existence. Patient safety and security have always been concerns in the successful operation of a healthcare setup. Nowadays, patient-centric healthcare service has given a competitive edge to the hospital; therefore, safety against crime has become very crucial for the hospitals. Other than the patients, safety and security for staff and visitors are equally important. Safety from data theft and breaches of privacy are other concerns in the healthcare setup. The design approach of best practices, like Crime Prevention through Environmental Design, seeks to create safer spaces through detailed design principles and strategies, and guidelines issued by the International Association for Healthcare Security and Safety. The majority of evidence suggests that designing the physical environment while considering safety features like Access Control, CCTV, Ultrasonic Occupancy Sensor, Public Addressable System & Duress Alarm for healthcare setup, duress alarms have proved to be life-saving measures that are used to alert hospital staff and security personnel when an individual is in need of emergency. In this paper, qualitative research methodology is used as a case study and physical observations to collect qualitative data and analysis of Sehat Al Sharq Hospital, Al Khobar, KSA, shall be included to identify and propose solution factors affecting the design challenges related to CPTED. Furthermore, it aims to recommend a roadmap to address design constraints, optimize efficiency, and improve safety and patient care in the healthcare facility.

Would you let this guy into a bar? Identifying cues that signal a perceived increase in the propensity for violence of potential bar patrons

Abstract Objectives Bars, pubs, and clubs are hotspots for alcohol-related aggression. Consequently, admittance decisions made by security personnel have important implications for the safety inside these venues. However, the cues used by security personnel to determine the potential for intoxicated violence and inform admittance decisions vary substantially. Methods Here, we manipulate theoretically and practically relevant cues to determine the effects of their utilization on perceptions of violence and admittance decisions. Participants viewed images of real inmates convicted of violent or non-violent crimes, accompanied by cues derived from interviews with security staff. Results We found that body tenseness, drug and alcohol intoxication, searching behavior, avoidant behavior, and neck and face tattoos were positively associated with a greater perceived likelihood of violence. Admittance decisions mirrored these findings. Students and security personnel differed in their utilization of some of the cues. Conclusions To our knowledge, the current research was the first to take a quantitative approach to understanding the cues that security personnel and young adults might use to identify potentially violent patrons. These finding may help inform training for security personnel.

Caring for Male Prisoners Who Self-Harm: Perceptions, Attitudes and Experiences of Custodial Prison Staff and Male Prisoners in England

The aims of this research were to explore custodial prison staff and male prisoners’ perceptions toward self-harm, prison system responses and environmental impacts on self-harm. Four staff focus groups (thematic analysis) and 12 semi-structured interviews with male prisoners (interpretative phenomenological analysis) took place in three prisons in England. Prison staff attributed manipulative intention to self-harm; self-harming prisoners felt misunderstood. The prison environment and formal response processes were barriers for care access and provision. Recommendations include staff training in understanding and management of self-harm, supported by a care-focused culture, and fostering safety, security, empowerment and value for both prisoners and staff.

Crime Prevention through Environmental Design in Healthcare Facility: A Study of Sehat Al Sharq at Al Khobar, KSA

This paper shall cover the existing theories and practices in the field of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design with a special focus on Healthcare Projects. The intention is to address the gap between theory and practices. Safety & Security is one of the basic human needs for peaceful existence. Patient safety and security have always been concerns in the successful operation of a healthcare setup. Nowadays, patient-centric healthcare service has given a competitive edge to the hospital; therefore, safety against crime has become very crucial for the hospitals. Other than the patients, safety and security for staff and visitors are equally important. Safety from data theft and breaches of privacy are other concerns in the healthcare setup. The design approach of best practices, like Crime Prevention through Environmental Design, seeks to create safer spaces through detailed design principles and strategies, and guidelines issued by the International Association for Healthcare Security and Safety. The majority of evidence suggests that designing the physical environment while considering safety features like Access Control, CCTV, Ultrasonic Occupancy Sensor, Public Addressable System & Duress Alarm for healthcare setup, duress alarms have proved to be life-saving measures that are used to alert hospital staff and security personnel when an individual is in need of emergency. In this paper, qualitative research methodology is used as a case study and physical observations to collect qualitative data and analysis of Sehat Al Sharq Hospital, Al Khobar, KSA, shall be included to identify and propose solution factors affecting the design challenges related to CPTED. Furthermore, it aims to recommend a roadmap to address design constraints, optimize efficiency, and improve safety and patient care in the healthcare facility.

Crime Prevention through Environmental Design in Healthcare Facility: A Case Study of Sehat Al Sharq at Al Khobar, KSA

This paper shall cover the existing theories and practices in the field of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design with a special focus on Healthcare Projects. The intention is to address the gap between theory and practices. Safety & Security is one of the basic human needs for peaceful existence. Patient safety and security have always been concerns in the successful operation of a healthcare setup. Nowadays, patient-centric healthcare service has given a competitive edge to the hospital; therefore, safety against crime has become very crucial for the hospitals. Other than the patients, safety and security for staff and visitors are equally important. Safety from data theft and breaches of privacy are other concerns in the healthcare setup. The design approach of best practices, like Crime Prevention through Environmental Design, seeks to create safer spaces through detailed design principles and strategies, and guidelines issued by the International Association for Healthcare Security and Safety. The majority of evidence suggests that designing the physical environment while considering safety features like Access Control, CCTV, Ultrasonic Occupancy Sensor, Public Addressable System & Duress Alarm for healthcare setup, duress alarms have proved to be life-saving measures that are used to alert hospital staff and security personnel when an individual is in need of emergency. In this paper, qualitative research methodology is used as a case study and physical observations to collect qualitative data and analysis of Sehat Al Sharq Hospital, Al Khobar, KSA, shall be included to identify and propose solution factors affecting the design challenges related to CPTED. Furthermore, it aims to recommend a roadmap to address design constraints, optimize efficiency, and improve safety and patient care in the healthcare facility.

Improving feedback analysis: Deep learning approach to college customer satisfaction assessments

Establishing consumers' views via text-based feedback in a questionnaire is crucial for organizations, include education, since it gives a summary of significant areas that help administrators plan, regulations, and decision making. Through surveys, academic organizations have gathered huge quantities of textual data all over the years. For the organization, it is still difficult to analyse the vast quantities of unstructured feedback from customers to understand their concerns and opinions generally. In this study, we propose deep learning (DL) based technique called topic modelling that utilizing Naive Bayesian (NB) to automatically summarize text and retrieve ideas from this raw data. Additionally, it discusses the text mining procedure used to extract relevant information from the vast volume of text-based data. The most significant issues obtained through feedback from customers were subsequently identified. The findings showed particular issues for workplaces, including environment, staffing, IT infrastructure, and customer feedback system. The feedbacks also prominently highlight difficulties with the attitude of student assistance and security staff as well as the library's management and operations.

CAPTAIN: Community-based Advanced Persistent Threat Analysis in IT Networks

Organizations that possess valuable information assets and critical infrastructure are prone to Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs). The life cycle of this type of modern attack consists of multiple stages called Intrusion Kill Chain (IKC). As one of the most common approaches to deal with these attacks, organizations’ security staff use various heterogeneous security and non-security sensors in different lines of defense (Network, Host, and Application) as the primary detection levels in the monitored IT network to log the attacker’s intrusive activities. They then model their behaviors by using logged events to detect the IKC of APT attacks. However, numerous methods proposed in the literature have three primary drawbacks: 1) the inability to use both security and non-security sensors of the three mentioned detection levels in event correlation analysis, 2) high dependence on expert knowledge in setting up and maintaining common attack patterns, and 3) incapability to provide a visual representation of the attack path for security administrators to better track on-the-fly attacks in a monitored network. This paper presents a system for Community-based Advanced Persistent Threat Analysis in IT Networks (CAPTAIN) to address the aforementioned issues and challenges. The CAPTAIN framework comprises two distinct phases (including 12 different activities) that receive raw events logged by heterogeneous sensors as input and detect possible IKCs of the APT attacks as output. This system implements a novel graph-based attackers’ behavior modeling technique for detecting the IKC of APT attacks by correlating analysis of logged events and leveraging knowledge discovery on the graph. Our evaluation of the two publicly available standard datasets, Bryant and DARPA Transparent Computing, indicates that the CAPTAIN is robust, reliable against high volume events, and can detect the IKC of APT attacks with high accuracy and low false positive rates.

Effects of Herder-farmer Conflict on Output of Food Crops among Households in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria

The study examined the effects of herder-farmer conflict on output of food crops among respondents. A sampling technique applied was multistage sampling in selection of respondents. Data were collected through administration of questionnaire for 768 respondents out of which 648 respondents were found useful for the work. Data were analysed with the use of likert scale, regression models and descriptive statistics. The study revealed that farmer-herder conflict, hired labour, amount of money spent on seed, amount of money spent on fertilizer, age, farming experience, amount of money spent on weeding, farm size, household size and contact with extension agent have positive differential coefficient, hence, positive relationship exist between the aforementioned variables and production output. The study therefore recommends that Nigeria‘s government should invest in the security area by consistently providing the security personnel with upgraded security gadgets and adequate security funding for training and equipping security staff in best global security practices and defensive intelligence gathering.

Explainable Algorithm to Predict Passenger Flow at Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport

We present an algorithm for the prediction of the incoming passengers at the airport’s security checkpoint with a resolution of 15 min for 2 weeks following the day of the prediction. This is characterized not only for its performance but also from its explainability in the outcomes. The algorithm has been integrated successfully at Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport (CVG) for daily passenger predictions, which ultimately equipped the airport managers with information to perform a data-driven deployment of the necessary airport resources. These range from tailored Transportation Security Administration (TSA) officer schedules and staff allocation to surveillance and supervision tasks. Some of the indirect consequences of this technology are congestion avoidance, the improvement of overall security at the airport facilities, the reduction of the waiting times, and the enhancement of the passenger experience.

COVID-19 Vaccine Refusal and Medical Distrust Held by Correctional Officers.

This study explores COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among prison security staff and the extent to which they trust varied sources of information about the vaccines. Cross-sectional survey data were obtained from a state-wide sample of corrections officers (COs, hereafter; n = 1208) in February 2021. Group differences, disaggregated by demographic characteristics, were examined using F-tests and t-tests. Despite the comparatively limited risk of contracting the virus, non-security staff reported they would accept a COVID-19 vaccine at no cost (74%), compared to their more vulnerable CO counterparts (49%). We observed vaccine refusal correlations between COs' reported gender, age, and length of time working as a CO, but none with their self-reported race. Vaccine refusal was more prevalent among womxn officers, younger officers, and those who had spent less time working as prison security staff. Our findings also suggest that the only trusted source of information about vaccines were family members and only for officers who would refuse the vaccine; the quality of trust placed in those sources, however, was not substantially positive and did not vary greatly across CO racial groups. By highlighting characteristics of the observed gaps in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance between COs and their non-security staff coworkers, as well as between corrections officers of varied demographic backgrounds, these findings can inform the development of responsive and accepted occupational health policies for communities both inside and intrinsically linked to prisons.