Area Of Security Research Articles

Enhancing Fake Image Detection: A Novel Two-Step Approach Combining GANs and CNNs

The proliferation of fake images in today's digital landscape poses a significant threat to various domains, including media integrity, social media, and online security. Recognizing the urgent need to distinguish real images from their deceptive counterparts, this paper underscores the importance of developing a robust detection system. While substantial efforts have been made in the realms of computer vision and deep learning, the advent of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) has added a new layer of complexity to this challenge. In response to these evolving threats, we present a novel two-step methodology for detecting fake images, with a specific focus on those generated by GANs. Our approach harnesses the combined strengths of GANs and traditional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), offering a comprehensive solution that significantly enhances accuracy in identifying both fake images and machine-generated fake images. The results of our experiments demonstrate the efficacy of our methodology. Using CNNs alone, we achieved a training accuracy of 87%. However, when employing the collaborative power of GANs and CNNs, our model exhibited a remarkable accuracy rate of 94.4%. This substantial improvement underscores the superiority of the GANs+CNN approach, suggesting its potential as a groundbreaking solution in the realm of fake image detection. This research opens up new horizons in fields such as media forensics, social media monitoring, and online security, where the ability to discern genuine content from manipulated or synthetic media is of paramount importance. The promising outcomes of this study not only provide an immediate and effective solution but also pave the way for further exploration and innovation in this critical area of digital security.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Risks for Cross-border Business and Data Movement

The digital economy has brought about a rapid expansion of cross-border activities, making risk management and control in the areas of data security and cross-border business more important. In this study, we apply a bibliometric approach to systematically organize the research progress on cross-border risks both domestically and internationally. Overall, by visualizing and analyzing 296 Chinese and 315 English papers collected, we observe an increasing scholarly interest in cross-border risk issues as evidenced by the growth trends of literature publication data. We then examine the network of cooperative relationships between various countries/regions, and identify five clusters of literature in Chinese and English research respectively, through visualization technologies in bibliometrics. These clusters clearly exhibit the current status of research on cross-border risks around the world in recent years. Furthermore, we aggregate a collection of risk factors from various types of cross-border activities, thereby delivering insights for the construction of industrial ecosystems and policy makings by governments.

РОЛЬ МЕХАНІЗМІВ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ У СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОМУ РОЗВИТКУ СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ

This article examines the impact of environmental security mechanisms on the socio-economic development of rural areas, emphasizing the importance of their integration to ensure sustainable development. The economic and environmental principles that provide for the rational use of resources, production efficiency, biodiversity conservation, pollution reduction and resource conservation are considered. It was emphasized that the pollution and depletion of natural resources continues to threaten the health of the population, ecological safety and economic stability of the state. The problems of legal provision of food security in crisis situations, such as wars or natural disasters, are also considered, with a special focus on price regulation and support for agricultural production. It is emphasized that the creation and application of ecologically acceptable technologies will become a factor in saving the environment. The advantages of introducing environmental safety mechanisms are analyzed. The article emphasizes the need for an integrated approach that takes into account environmental, economic and social factors for the effective implementation of environmental safety mechanisms. It is indicated that agriculture is of special importance in the development of rural areas, because it provides a permanent income to the rural population, creates and controls natural biological cycles, uses and protects natural resources. It is emphasized that one of the directions of diversification of the development of rural areas in conditions of decentralization is the diversification of organizational and legal forms of management. Measures are proposed to promote the creation of new organizational and legal forms of management in order to improve the quality of life of the rural population and ensure the competitiveness of rural areas. The analysis concludes with the importance of rural areas in food security and sustainable development, with a special emphasis on the potential for economic growth and social well-being depending on the state of the environment and effective environmental security systems.

Improving Accuracy and Security of Identification by Multimodal Biometric Fusion: An Extensive Analysis

In the modern world, trustworthy and secure identity is essential for a number of uses, such as unlocking personal gadgets and gaining access to secure areas. Conventional techniques, such as PINs and passwords, have shown to be vulnerable to fraud and illegal access. These vulnerabilities have been addressed by the development of biometric authentication, which makes use of an individual's distinct physiological and behavioral characteristics. Unimodal biometric systems concentrate on a single feature, although they frequently face difficulties like noise and spoofing assaults. By merging characteristics from several modalities, multimodal biometric systems provide an answer and improve identification robustness and accuracy. In order to increase identification security and accuracy, this article investigates the combination of hand geometry, palm print, fingerprint, and facial biometrics. Different integration situations and modes of operation for multimodal biometric systems are examined, as well as various fusion methodologies. In summary, the paper ends with implications for biometric systems practitioners, academics, and policymakers as well as a discussion of relevant research topics.

Innovative security solutions: context-aware facial recognition system using VB.NET

A sophisticated VB.NET intelligent security system is presented in this paper to meet the needs of comprehensive security surveillance in varied contexts. The system's context-aware architecture lets it adapt to environmental changes and assess user activity for better security. The system uses real-time data to reduce false alarms and ensure fast security measures using reactive alerts and reaction processes. The system's novel security features, built on VB.NET, provide flexibility and quick reactions to emerging threats. This research shows that intelligent security monitoring technologies have achieved a peak, with excellent performance, and are ready for implementation in controlled-access public spaces. The system reacts to the surroundings and detects the subject behaviour. The system may now access new conceptual words for security issues that demand more focused solutions. A system with capabilities encourages security protocol innovation and maintains secure public spaces. This innovative technique increases security, scalability, and future flexibility for security systems. In the hunt for creative, secure areas with intelligent monitoring and danger detection, the example of an intelligent security system is impressive.

Implemented and Proven Proprietary Technologies Supporting Weapon Training Systems

Zakład Automatyki i Urządzeń Pomiarowych AREX Sp. z o.o. (Gdynia, Poland), part of the WB Group, has many years of experience in the production of weapon training equipment at the highest worldwide level. The article presents the proprietary technologies supporting weapon training systems that provide comprehensive training in weapon operation using the most new generation simulators and training systems so that the use of the delivered equipment is as effective, efficient and safe for the users as possible. Creating a range of comprehensive and complex systems that could compete with the largest global players in the defence industry also means the need to cooperate with recognised partners in Poland. The WB Group continues to introduce technological change within the Polish army and defence industry. Acting in the area of specialised electronics and military IT, the WB Group has helped bring the Polish Armed Forces into the 21st century by setting the applicable standards in key areas for national security. The WB Group is a group of companies in the Polish defence industry and an exporter of technologies and concepts to dozens of countries around the world, including the United States of America. In its activities, it is guided by innovation and the creation of breakthrough technological solutions. The adopted business philosophy of the WB Group is expressed in the range of products, including solutions that are unique on a global scale, and implemented in the most demanding markets. Operation on the global markets has stimulated further development of the WB Group.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE ENTERPRISE

The article is devoted to the problem of assessing the level of economic security of enterprises in modern conditions. The authors define economic security as an important aspect of the functioning and development of enterprises in a dynamic economic environment. The authors point out the urgency of the problem of finding criteria and tools for assessing this indicator, given the variety of approaches to determining the economic security of an enterprise in the literature. The methodology uses general scientific and special methods, such as analysis, synthesis, logical, terminological, financial, systemic and structural analysis, systematization and generalization, to confirm the reliability of the results obtained. The approaches and methods for assessing the level of economic security of an enterprise depend on the diversity of interpretations of the very concept of «economic security of an enterprise», which leads to the absence of a single indicator for a full assessment of this phenomenon. Different approaches to assessing the economic security of an enterprise are presented through resource-functional, indicator, profit and investment, three-dimensional, program-target, bankruptcy forecasting, economic and mathematical, systemic and economic risk theory. Each of these approaches uses different methods and criteria to determine the level of economic security of an enterprise. It is noted that economic security assessment can be carried out using various methods, such as expert assessments, regression and variance analysis, exponential smoothing, fuzzy systems theory and multivariate statistical analysis. The author emphasizes the importance of a systematic approach that takes into account internal and external relations, interdependence and subordination of the functional components of an enterprise when assessing the level of its economic security. For a comparative analysis of the levels of functional components of the economic security of enterprise, the authors use the calculation of the rates of change of indicators. The general methodology for calculating indicators of the levels of functional components includes analysis and evaluation of the dynamics of indicators, which indicates trends and changes in various areas of economic security of enterprise.

Digital competence of the information society in the aspect of social security

ObjectivesThe purpose of the digital competency survey is to assess the skills, knowledge and attitudes of the information society in the use of digital technologies and the development of these skills. As a result of the survey, the level of digital competence of the public was determined, and training needs and activities were identified to increase digital knowledge and skills in order to improve quality of life, achieve better performance at work and increase competitiveness in the labor market.Material and methodsThe purpose of the survey is to assess the digital skills, knowledge and attitudes of the information society and the development of these skills. The survey determines the level of digital competence of the public and identifies training needs and activities to increase digital knowledge and skills to improve quality of life.ResultsThe survey's conclusions point to the need for increased education and awareness of online security in organizations, especially in the areas of privacy and data security. It is therefore worth betting on developing users' knowledge of online security.ConclusionsCommunication and information: respondents gained more experience and were more aware of the benefits of digital competence in these areas. Creativity: although some improvement was observed in this area, there is still a significant gap between current and expected levels of competence. Digital security: this area deserves special attention, as the current level of competence has declined, despite rising expectations. Troubleshooting: despite a slight increase in current competencies in 2021, a decline in 2022 indicates that respondents may be struggling to solve problems in a digital context.

A Review of SCADA IoT Device Vulnerabilities in the Power Grid (A Case Study of Smart Meter)

This article summarizes and organizes recent research findings in information and communication technology security developments integrated with smart grids. A vital component of a smart grid is a smart meter. It is relevant because it can collect, process, and transport customer’s data over the Internet. Whereas developments in smart grid and smart meter technologies have given new productivity gains, they have also presented new security concerns. Security is essential in defending both the smart grid and smart meter from cyber-attack. Guaranteeing safety is one of the most challenging aspects of designing and deploying a smart metering infrastructure. This study presents a thorough investigation of the integrity of smart metering technologies from multiple different viewpoints. It focuses on threats, countermeasures, and estimations. This article makes four contributions: First, all potential vulnerabilities in smart metering components are described and examined. Second, it assesses the impact of attacks that use these weaknesses to boost the performance of each part and the whole smart meter structure. Thirdly, potential countermeasures to defend smart meters are discussed. lastly, it discusses the unresolved issues surrounding smart meter security and future research areas. This evaluation is distinctive due to its exhaustive treatment of security weaknesses and attacks on smart meter components. In conclusion, the future vision is described.

Rusya-Afrika İlişkilerinin Yeniden Dirilişi: Kapsamlı Bir Değerlendirme - Siyasi, Ekonomik ve Stratejik Dinamikler

When considering global interests, it is evident that Russia aims to weaken the dominance of the United States in the current international order and establish itself as a key player in a multipolar world order. In this context, Russia prefers to pursue a policy based on opportunistic actions that would help it be recognized as a global power in different geographic areas and maintain this status. This article aims to examine Russia's growing relationship with Africa from 2014 to the present within the framework of these objectives. In line with Siegle's (2019) claim, the article will argue that Russia's opportunistic approach and Africa's declaration of itself as a "stage" rather than just a destination for Russia indicate that Africa is a global player. The study will discuss Russia's activities in Africa and its influence on the continent in various areas of cooperation, including economics, security, diplomacy, and geopolitics. Additionally, it will touch upon Russia's competition with other global powers in Africa. In this context, the article will demonstrate that Russia's relationship with African countries aligns with its goals of becoming a major power and undermining the global leadership role of the United States in a manner consistent with its global interests. Despite its increasing presence on the continent, the article will conclude by emphasizing that Russia remains a weak player compared to other global powers due to its limited economic and military resources. Key words: Russia, Africa, South South cooperation, global politics

Application of safety tools to reduce accidents in the company Geos Ingenieros S.R.L. [Aplicación de herramientas de seguridad para reducción de accidentes en la empresa Geos Ingenieros S.R.L

The purpose of the development of this research was to determine the influence of the Safe Written Work Procedures (WSSP) operating in process activities on the reduction of accidents in a company Geos Ingenieros S.R.L. Therefore, the study was of the applied type with a descriptive approach. A population made up of workers from the various areas of the company was used. Likewise, non-probabilistic convenience sampling is used to calculate the sample size; Therefore, the sample would be made up of personnel from the company's security area. This resulted in the level of risks being significantly reduced, with critical risks being eliminated by 100%, low level risks being predominant by 90%, and moderate level risks by 10%, indicating so the number of accidents has been significantly reduced. Likewise, it was possible to improve the level of knowledge of the collaborators, the level of knowledge about the use of WSSP since it went from regular to excellent with 72%. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of WSSP has a positive impact, with a total decrease in accidents and better management of knowledge on safety issues.

Interpretable Single-dimension Outlier Detection (ISOD): An Unsupervised Outlier Detection Method Based on Quantiles and Skewness Coefficients

A crucial area of study in data mining is outlier detection, particularly in the areas of network security, credit card fraud detection, industrial flaw detection, etc. Existing outlier detection algorithms, which can be divided into supervised methods, semi-supervised methods, and unsupervised methods, suffer from missing labeled data, the curse of dimensionality, low interpretability, etc. To address these issues, in this paper, we present an unsupervised outlier detection method based on quantiles and skewness coefficients called ISOD (Interpretable Single dimension Outlier Detection). ISOD first fulfils the empirical cumulative distribution function before computing the quantile and skewness coefficients of each dimension. Finally, it outputs the outlier score. This paper’s contributions are as follows: (1) we propose an unsupervised outlier detection algorithm called ISOD, which has high interpretability and scalability; (2) massive experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrated the superior performance of the ISOD algorithm compared with state-of-the-art baselines in terms of ROC and AP.

NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS’ INFLUENCE ON RESPONSIVE BEHAVIOUR, WORK-RELATED STRESS, BURNOUT, AND TURNOVER INTENTION

Abstract Natural environments in healthcare design are thought to promote health. However, its empirical research in long-term care (LTC) has been limited; the degree of rigor is mixed, focusing on older adults with little research on professional caregivers. This study examined the relationships between the natural environment and the mental health and well-being of older adults 65+ living with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (residents) and of their professional caregivers in LTC homes using a rigorously developed survey to standardize an approach to the evaluation of natural environments for these population groups. A cross-sectional, multiphase mixed method study was conducted that included a scoping review (n=137), a Delphi panel (n=24 experts), cognitive debriefing interviews (n=33), psychometric evaluations (n=83 LTC home areas), and multilevel modeling and regression analyses (n=1599 residents; n=563 professional caregivers). A conceptual framework on the natural environment in healthcare was developed, which informed the development of the Natural Environment Survey for Long-Term Care. This survey evaluates 1) the design of natural environments, 2) residents’ usage of and exposure to natural environments, and 3) professional caregivers’ usage of, exposure to, and perception of natural environments. Unlocked doors to outdoor spaces, outdoor activities, and indoor activities were significantly associated with residents’ responsive behavior in secure home areas (i.e., locked access and egress). Usage of and exposure to the natural environment during breaks and leisure were associated with their professional caregivers’ work-related stress, burnout, and turnover intention in secure and non-secure home areas. These findings have potential utility for decision-makers transforming LTC.

Synergizing Solar Cell Technology, Radio Waves, AI, and Their Impact on Business and Medicine

This analysis examines how solar cell technology, radio waves, and artificial intelligence (AI) are transforming a variety of industries, including business and medicine. Innovation, efficiency, and sustainability are all promised by the combination of these technologies. The trip starts with a look at each technology's historical foundations and development, highlighting its contributions to the revolutions in energy production, healthcare, and communication. Radio waves have changed over time in the context of wireless communication, from early broadcasting to 5G networks, which have ushered in a new era of connectedness. The interplay between radio waves and solar cell technology is especially noticeable in energy harvesting and wireless communication, making sustainable and effective power sources for off-grid places and Internet of Things devices possible. AI's introduction enhances these technologies even more, improving signal processing and spectrum management and bringing predictive maintenance to wireless networks. The application of AI raises ethical questions, especially in the areas of data management, privacy, and security. Sustainable solutions are required due to the influence these technologies have on the environment. An alternative that uses renewable energy sources, lowers operating costs, and leaves fewer carbon footprints is the use of solar-powered AI systems. These systems are used in data centers, manufacturing, smart buildings, and agriculture, promoting sustainability and efficiency in commercial activities. The combination of solar power, artificial intelligence, and radio waves is altering drug development, improving patient care, and revolutionizing medical diagnostics in the healthcare industry. AI-assisted medical diagnostics has the ability to detect diseases early and accurately, especially in the fields of pathology and medical imaging. Telemedicine is bolstered by wearables, solar-powered medical devices, and remote diagnostics, which allow for access to healthcare even in underserved and rural places, as well as remote patient monitoring. Interoperability, energy storage options, scalability, security, and data privacy are among the ongoing challenges. The ethical application of AI in medical diagnostics is crucial, as are environmental considerations in relation to the production and disposal of equipment. Research and development, standardization, cooperation, collaboration, teaching, sustainability projects, and the creation of ethical AI frameworks are some of the future directions.

Prompt Electronic Discrimination of Gas Molecules by Self-Heating Temperature Modulation.

Though considerable progress has been achieved on gas molecule recognition by electronic nose (e-nose) comprised of nonselective (metal oxide) semiconductor chemiresistors, extracting adequate molecular features within short time (<1 s) remains a big obstacle, which hinders the emerging e-nose applications in lethal or explosive gas warning. Herein, by virtue of the ultrafast (∼20 μs) thermal relaxation time of self-heated WO3-based chemiresistors fabricated via oblique angle deposition, instead of external heating, self-heating temperature modulation has been proposed to generate sufficient electrical response features. Accurate discrimination of 12 gases (including 3 xylene isomers with the same function group and molecular weight) has been readily achieved within 0.5-1 s, which is one order faster than the state-of-the-art e-noses. A smart wireless e-nose, capable of instantaneously discriminating target gas in ambient air background, has been developed, paving the way for the practical applications of e-nose in the area of homeland security and public health.

Human values in the age of digitalization

Relevance. In recent decades, digital technologies have firmly integrated into society�s life. They exert significant influence on the economy, politics, law, social relations, culture, and other spheres of life. With the growth of digitalization, new challenges arise in preserving and protecting human values.Purpose. The aim of this research is to identify the role of legal mechanisms in safeguarding human values such as freedom, equality, personal integrity, right to privacy, access to knowledge and education, social justice, in the context of the impact of digital technologies.Methodology. The research methodology included the following methods: analytical, comparative, synthesis, systematization, and generalization.Results. The article examined relevant studies and theories related to the legal aspects of human values, as well as highlighted key trends in the proliferation of digital technologies in the socio-legal sphere. The research findings showed that the advent of mass digital communication is accompanied by risks in the areas of privacy and personal data security. Digital power distribution and access to information can amplify inequalities and distort social justice. Additionally, ethical and moral issues become more complex in the context of the development and use of artificial intelligence.Conclusions. The research results can be useful for legal professionals involved in the development of new laws and policies that ensure the protection of rights and freedoms in the digital environment.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ШТУЧНОГО ІНТЕЛЕКТУ ТА МЕТОДІВ ГЛИБОКОГО НАВЧАННЯ В ХМАРНИХ ОБЧИСЛЕННЯХ

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being implemented in many applications in various sectors such as healthcare, education, security and other areas of human activity. Recently, there has been a rapid development of cloud computing technologies, which has led to the introduction of artificial intelligence into cloud computing to improve and optimize the technological services provided. The deployment of artificial intelligence in cloud applications has led to the creation of autonomous computing, with the help of which systems achieve the declared results without human intervention. Despite the amount of research on autonomous computing, the work of implementing AI in cloud computing to improve its performance and resource allocation remains a fundamental challenge. Our research highlights the various manifestations, roles, trends and challenges associated with AI-based cloud computing models. Future directions for the use of AI in next-generation computing for new computing paradigms such as cloud environments are proposed. The application of algorithms and methods based on artificial intelligence, cost savings, automation, reduction of energy consumption and solving complex problems of cloud computing are the main conclusions presented in our article.

Prospek Hubungan Maritim Indonesia – Malaysia Pasca Kesepakatan Batas Laut 2023

This article discusses the Indonesia-Malaysia maritime boundary agreement reached in 2023. This paper uses a literature review method to analyze the historical and political context that guided the maritime boundary negotiations between the two countries, particularly highlighting the role of diplomacy and foreign policy in reaching the agreement. Furthermore, it explores the legal aspects of the maritime boundary agreement and its impact on territorial claims, sovereignty and natural resource exploration rights. In the context of international relations, the article discusses how the boundary agreement may affect regional dynamics in Southeast Asia, focusing on the roles of Indonesia and Malaysia as key actors in maritime security and economic development in the region. Comparisons with similar issues in the Asia Pacific region provide a broader perspective on the global implications of this agreement. In addition, this article explores the potential for bilateral collaboration in the areas of security, fisheries surveillance and marine disaster management. Sustainable utilization of natural resources and economic development through maritime cooperation are an important focus, with an emphasis on establishing equitable and sustainable exclusive economic zones. By analyzing all these aspects, this article aims to provide a deep insight into the prospects of maritime relations between Indonesia and Malaysia post the 2023 maritime boundary agreement, as well as provide policy recommendations to strengthen the two countries' cooperation in the maritime field.

Strategies to Uphold Food Sovereignty In Indonesia

The principle of food sovereignty is a democratized system of food, transparent, environment-based, local products and markets as the main pillars in achieving sustainable food security. Food sovereignty makes a very real contribution to overcoming food insecurity in areas where there are frequent extreme climates, crop failures, dependence on imported food, and encouraging the provision of long-term healthy food (sustainable) that is accessible to all communities (equitable) and encourages local food production and consumption (local wisdom). Food sovereignty seeks to improve the quality of life of farmers and rural communities. Strategies to build food sovereignty can be through (a) Utilization of biodiversity as a sustainable source of food through diversification of local food, (b) Improvement of agricultural cultivation and quality of food production through research and innovation produced by BRIN, (c) Consistency in the implementation of protection of productive agricultural lands from land use conversion, (d) Support for monetary, fiscal policies and access to finance for farmers, fishermen, and other food producers, (e) Improving the technology of processing/downstreaming food commodities in a productive, efficient, competitive, and sustainable manner, (f) Development of infrastructure and food production facilities appropriately and integrated, (g) Synergy of food development policies between the central and regional governments, and (h) Implementation of import duties on food imports to protect domestic food commodities and products.

Preliminary simulation of spatial distribution patterns of soil thermal conductivity in permafrost of the Arctic

ABSTRACTThe Arctic amplification (AA) has exacerbated permafrost degradation, posing a serious threat to infrastructure security and other areas. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately assess the current status and future changes of permafrost, and reliable soil thermal conductivity (STC) is an important prerequisite for permafrost prediction. However, few methods and products are available for regional-scale STC simulations in permafrost of the Arctic, which lead to greater uncertainty in the simulation of land surface temperatures. This study conducted a preliminary STC simulation based on the XGBoost method. The results show that the average STC during the freezing period is between 0.71∼0.73 W·m−1K−1, and around 0.67 W·m−1K−1 during the thawing period; The variation of STC between the thawing and freezing period ranged from −0.34–0.23 W·m−1K−1, with an average value of −0.02 W·m−1K−1; The areas where STC of the thawing period is smaller than that of the freezing period are mainly concentrated in the marginal areas near the sea on the continental side of North America and in the typical areas of plains, lowlands, and plateaus on the continental side of Eurasia. The areas with large STC during the thawing period are concentrated in mountainous areas.