Sections Of Specimens Research Articles

Topographical Analysis of Pacinian Corpuscle in the Pulp of Human Cadaver Finger Tip Pulp: A Pilot Cadaver Study.

Background: The human hand is a specialised organ for fine motion and sensation and has a relatively large representation in the homunculus. The pathway of sensation starts from information sent by mechanoreceptors in the hand. This study reports the topography of the Pacinian corpuscle in the fingertips of a human cadaver. Methods: All 10 digits from both hands of a fresh-frozen cadaver were examined. Glabrous skin distal to the distal interphalangeal joint was harvested superficial to the periosteum including fat and subcutaneous tissue. The glabrous skin were divided into 10 sections that included five distal and five proximal sections. Modified gold chloride staining was performed. Sectioned specimens were observed under a light microscope and the density of Pacinian corpuscles was determined in each segment. The density of the corpuscles was compared between the radial/ulnar and proximal/distal segments and also between digits from the right hand versus those from the left hand. Results: Pacinian corpuscles were observed only in the subcutaneous tissue. There was no significant difference in density of the corpuscles between the distal and proximal segments or between the right and left hands. There was a statistically significant greater density of Pacinian corpuscles on the radial segments of all digits except the thumb. Conclusions: There is a greater density of Pacinian corpuscles on the radial side of the human fingertip in all digits except the thumb.

Development and performance of pouring self-luminescent asphalt mixture

The application of long afterglow-based materials to the self-luminescent pavement could significantly reduce the power consumption of lighting at night and improve the traffic safety. This study designs a pouring self-luminescent asphalt mixture (PSAM) through pouring a grouting material including the long afterglow luminescent material (SrAl2O4:Eu, Dy) and epoxy resin into the porous pavement void configuration. First, the mechanical and afterglow properties of the epoxy resin-based long afterglow grouting material were systematically tested to determine the optimal composition ratio of raw materials. Then, the influence of time and viscosity on the grouting was studied by obtaining the luminous images of the cross and longitudinal sections of self-luminous asphalt mixture specimens. According to the volume characteristics of the grouting material and the mixture, the relationship between the theoretical grouting consumption and the actual grouting consumption was analyzed. Finally, the influence of porous mixture air void on afterglow characteristics and road performance of the PSAM was analyzed. From the acquired results, it was demonstrated that the optimum proportion of each component of the epoxy resin long afterglow grouting material was the following: epoxy resin: curing agent: toughener: long afterglow material = 100:18:15:14. Moreover, it was found that the temperature and pre-curing time have remarkable effects on the viscosity of grouting materials. In order to ensure a good grouting effect, the viscosity of the grouting material should be controlled within 1.7 Pa s. There was a good linear relationship between the actual grouting amount and the connected air void, although the actual grouting consumption was less than the theoretical grouting consumption. Furthermore, PSAM exhibited good afterglow performance and road performance. The afterglow brightness and water stability had no obvious relationship with the air void. In contrast, with the further increase of the air void, both the low-temperature crack resistance and the skid resistance were improved, and the high-temperature stability was reduced.

Experimental investigation on plastic hinge length of RC round-ended hollow columns with a variable section

In the ductile design, it is an essential task to accurately estimate the equivalent plastic hinge length of a reinforced concrete (RC) column. The plastic behavior of a RC hollow column is influenced significantly by tension shift and bond-slip according to the test results, which hasn’t yet received adequate attention in the existing models of equivalent plastic hinge in the literatures. Few publications and even no explicit provision in the current codes provide the method to compute the plastic hinge of hollow RC columns, especially those with a variable section. To bridge this knowledge gap, in this study, based on the equivalent principle of plastic displacement, an innovative formula of equivalent plastic hinge length is derived for the hollow columns, which considers both the effects of plastic tension shift and bond-slip based upon the authors’ previous research on solid columns. The quasi-static tests on two rectangular and two round-ended hollow columns were conducted to calibrate the undetermined parameters of the proposed formula. The accuracy and applicability of the proposed formula were then investigated based on the available test results of 30 rectangular and 3 round-ended hollow columns in literature. The results show that different slip behavior leads to distinct plastic deformation between these two types of hollow columns. Compared to the rectangular columns with a uniform section, the plastic hinge length of round-ended columns is longer due to the presence of the bottom solid segment, chamfer, and variable section. For both types of hollow columns, the equivalent plastic hinge region increases with the specimen length, section height, and strain penetration. The comparison suggests that the proposed formula is more appropriate to calculate the plastic hinge length of hollow columns with a uniform or variable section than the existing models.

(132) Histometric Measurement of CD117 and PGP9.5 Immunopositive Staining in Excised Vestibular Specimens from Patients with Neuroproliferative Vestibulodynia

Abstract Introduction In 2004, Bornstein reported using immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of stained sections of vestibular specimens, defining diagnostic criteria for neuroproliferative vestibulodynia (NPV). Criteria included presence of 8 or more mast cells manually counted in a standardized microscopic field or finding total area of subepithelial nerve fibers was 10 times higher than controls. Replicating such criteria is difficult, in part, because of variability in manual counting, IHC staining and magnification. A more reproducible methodology may be estimating percentage of immunopositive stained area using computer-assisted histometry. Objective Utilizing both manual counting and computer-assisted histometry measurements using ImageJ at a standardized magnification in specimens from vestibulectomy and control tissue published in the literature. Methods Tissue samples were collected from 17 patients with NPV. Samples were stained with CD117, a marker of mast cells, and PGP9.5, a marker of nerve endings. Twenty-five photomicrographs were each obtained using 200x and 400x magnification and all were analyzed using ImageJ. Images were converted to 8-bit grayscale and threshold manually adjusted to measure immunohistochemically stained tissue with three measurements averaged. Averages and variability between measurements in each photomicrograph and from each patient were determined. This methodology was also applied to images of tissues from patients with and without NPV (Tympanidis 2003; Goetsch 2010). For comparison, the method of analysis by manually counting CD117 immunopositive cells, described by Bornstein et al, was applied to our tissue samples by an independent observer. Clusters of immunopositive granules positively stained and separated from an adjacent cell membrane were counted as a single immunopositive cell. Results Using Image J, tissues stained with CD117 averaged 2107 ± 1339 μm2 of immunostained area, representing 0.68 ± 0.38% (range = 0.11 – 1.15%) of total area analyzed. Tissues stained with PGP9.5 averaged 1123 ± 695 μm2 of immunostained area, representing 0.40 ± 0.27% (range = 0.34 – 1.81%) of total area analyzed. Standard deviations of repeated measurements for the same area within a tissue section ranged from 0.04 – 0.7% (mean = 0.17%) for CD117 immunostaining and 0.01 – 0.78% (mean = 0.10%) for PGP 9.5. Counting cells, CD117 stained tissue averaged 30.6 ± 15.3 (range = 12 – 72) immunopositive cells per standardized field (200x magnification). These are all greater than the 8 mast cells per standardized field reported by Bornstein. In PGP9.5-stained tissue, immunostained area was 2.6-fold greater than that reported by Bornstein for controls (425 μm2). Applying our methodology to photomicrographs from Goetsch and Tympanidis, 2.48% and 2.87% of the control areas were immunopositive. Tissues from control patients without vestibulodynia had 8-fold lower (0.31%, from Goetsch) and 6.4-fold lower (0.45%, from Tympanidis) immunostained area than tissues from vestibulodynia patients using computer-assisted histometry. Conclusions NPV is a diagnosis of exclusion without routine pathology confirmation. Our 17 patients had increased density of CD117-immunopositive cells and increased PGP9.5-immunopositive nerves, confirming their NPV diagnosis. To facilitate more consistent, widespread and rapid quantification of staining, we propose using computer-assisted histometry for future studies. Disclosure No

Color match of ultra-translucency multilayer zirconia restorations with different designs and backgrounds.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the color match of ultra-translucency multilayer zirconia restorations with different designs and backgrounds. Thirty ultra-translucency multilayer zirconia crown specimens were made in VITA classical shade B2 for a prepared maxillary central incisor. The specimens were divided into three groups based on the restoration design: veneered zirconia with a trestle design (VZT), veneered zirconia with a dentin core design (VZD), and full-contour zirconia (FCZ). In the groups VZT and VZD, the zirconia specimens were layered with a feldspathic veneering ceramic. The specimens were seated on five different backgrounds: shade B2 composite resin, shade B2 zirconia, copper-colored metal alloy, silver-colored metal alloy, and the prepared central incisor. CIELab values of the labial middle sections of the crown specimens were measured with a spectrophotometer. Color differences between the specimens and a shade B2 VITA classical tab (as a control) were calculated from the ΔE* ab formula and compared with an acceptability threshold (ΔE* ab=3.7) to be clinically explicated. Mean ΔE* ab values ranged between 1.17 and 8.48. The restoration design, the background type, and their interaction affected the ΔE* ab (p<0.001). The mean ΔE* ab values for VZT with all backgrounds and for VZD with the silver-colored metal background were greater than the threshold (p<0.001), whereas the mean ΔE* ab values for VZD with the other backgrounds and FCZ with all backgrounds were less than the threshold (p=1). Restoration design and background type affected the color match of ultra-translucency multilayer zirconia restorations. VZT restorations on all backgrounds and VZD restorations on a silver-colored metal background showed color mismatches. However, VZD restorations on the other backgrounds and FCZ restorations on all backgrounds demonstrated color matches.

The modified HoVert (mHoVert) method improves diagnostic certainty compared to the St John's protocol for alopecia biopsy specimens: A retrospective single center study.

Access to vertical and transverse sections of a punch biopsy specimen improves the diagnosis of alopecia. Both two biopsy specimen and single-punch biopsy specimen techniques to visualize both transverse and vertical sections have been described. Their comparative diagnostic certainty is not known. We aimed to assess the diagnostic certainty of a modified HoVert (mHoVert) method, without direct immunofluorescence (DIF), compared to the St John's protocol, a two-biopsy technique with DIF. Fifty-seven cases of alopecia processed using the St John's protocol and 60 cases of alopecia processed using mHoVert were reviewed. Diagnoses made were rated as certain/probable, possible, or uncertain, depending on the language in the histopathology report. Cases processed by the St John's protocol had final diagnosis and DIF result recorded. In the mHoVert group, significantly more diagnoses were certain/probable (66%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 57%-75%), compared to 46% (95% CI: 36%-56%) of diagnoses in the St John's protocol group (p = 0.005). DIF result did not affect the final diagnosis in any of the 57 cases reviewed. DIF is not required in the diagnosis of most cases of alopecia. The mHoVert method provides more certain/probable diagnoses than the St John's protocol and can reduce cost and patient morbidity.

Comparative Evaluation of Dentinal Defects After Root Canal Preparation Using Various Nickel Titanium Files: An In Vitro Study.

This study set out to compare the damage done to dentin by three distinct titanium file brands - the Hyflex EDM, the ProTaper Next, and the Waveone Gold Nickel - in order to draw conclusions about which one is the most effective. Forty-first premolars in the mandible with straight canals and single roots were instrumented using Hyflex EDM, Waveone Gold, and Protaper Next. Dentinal flaws after endodontic treatment were studied by sectioning specimens using a hard tissue microtome and analyzing them under a stereomicroscope. There was no discernible variation between the groups in the coronal third (p=0.312) or apical third (p=0.076). Hyflex EDM and Protaper Next differed significantly in the middle portion of the tape (p=0.016). The Hyflex EDM sample had the fewest cracks. There was no statistically significant difference between Hyflex EDM and Waveone Gold; however, Hyflex EDM had fewer fractures in the middle third of the sample than Waveone Gold did. Electric discharge machining (EDM) files made from Hyflex proved to be far superior to their Protaper Next and Waveone Gold counterparts as they induced the fewest cracks in the middle third of the root dentin.

PSMA-heterogeneity in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Circulating tumor cells, metastatic tumor burden, and response to targeted radioligand therapy.

We explored the interrelation between prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and that of solid metastatic lesions as determined by whole-body PSMA-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) to refine the prediction of response to subsequent PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy (RLT). A prospective study was performed in 20 patients with advanced mCRPC. Of these, 16 underwent subsequent RLT with [177 Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 at a dose of 7.4 GBq every 6-8 weeks. PSMA expression on CTCs using the CellSearch system was compared to clinical and serological results, and to marker expression in targeted imaging and available histological sections of prostatectomy specimens (19% of RLT patients). Clinical outcome was obtained after two cycles of RLT. Marked heterogeneity of PSMA expression was observed already at first diagnosis in available histological specimens. Targeted whole-body imaging also showed heterogeneous inter- and intra-patient PSMA expression between metastases. Heterogeneity of CTC PSMA expression was partially paralleled by heterogeneity of whole-body tumor burden PSMA expression. Twenty percentof CTC samples showed no PSMA expression, despite unequivocal PSMA expression of solid metastases at PET. A high fraction of PSMA-negative CTCs emerged as the sole predictor of poor RLT response (odds ratio [OR]: 0.9379 [95% confidence interval, CI, 0.8558-0.9902]; p = 0.0160), and was prognostic for both shorter progression-free survival (OR: 1.236 [95% CI, 1.035-2.587]; p = 0.0043) and overall survival (OR: 1.056 [95% CI, 1.008-1.141]; p = 0.0182). This proof-of-principle study suggests that liquid biopsy for CTC PSMA expression is complementary to PET for individual PSMA phenotyping of mCRPC.

A Study of the Anatomy of the Eustachian Tube for Its Surgical Approach in Otorhinolaryngology

The eustachian tube (ET) is a connection between the nasopharynx and the middle ear behind the inferior nasal concha. It plays an important role in regulating air pressure across the tympanic membrane for proper transmission of sound. The pharyngeal opening of the tube is an important landmark for endoscopic evaluation in patients suffering from chronic otitis media and is also an important anatomical landmark for the transnasal approach to the infratemporal fossa. Hence, the study was done to locate the position of the pharyngeal opening of the ET in relation to various important anatomical landmarks. Hundred (50 right and 50 left sides) adult (60-80 years) formalin-fixed sagittal sections of head and neck specimens were taken for the study, which was obtained during the undergraduate teaching program. The shape, size, and position of the pharyngeal opening of the ET were noted. The distance between the pharyngeal opening of the ET and various anatomical landmarks was measured with the help of the digital Vernier caliper. The mean and standard deviation of all the parameters were calculated and tabulated. In the present study, a slit-like shape was the most common shape of the pharyngeal opening, present in 62 out of 100 specimens. The difference between the anteroposterior length and vertical height of the two sides showed a statistically significant difference. The present study will help to locate the position of the pharyngeal opening of the ET during otorhinolaryngological evaluation for performing various surgeries in the middle ear.

Dacryocystectomy: A fibrin glue-assisted subfascial excision.

This article describes a technique of dacryocystectomy involving dissection within the subfascial plane, in which the lacrimal sac fascia is preserved and the orbital fat remains undisturbed. The lacrimal sac cavity was directly injected with Tisseel fibrin glue mixed with trypan blue. This led to sac distension and facilitated its separation from surrounding periosteal and fascial attachments. Staining the lacrimal sac epithelium improved definition of the mucosal lining. Transverse sections of the lacrimal sac specimen were histologically analyzed, which confirmed that dissection was completed within a subfascial plane. The technique herein described facilitates en bloc excision of the lacrimal sac without breaching the fascial plane that separates the sac from orbital fat.

Creep Behavior Characterization of Nickel-Based Single-Crystal Superalloy DD6 Thin-Walled Specimens Based on a 3D-DIC Method.

The thickness debit effect of creep behavior has been a focal point of nickel-based single-crystal superalloy research, and there is a need for an advanced creep deformation measurement method. This study developed a novel high-temperature creep test system based on a single-camera stereo digital image correlation (DIC) method with four plane mirrors to conduct creep tests on thin-walled specimens of a nickel-based single-crystal alloy, DD6, with thicknesses of 0.6 mm and 1.2 mm under experimental conditions of 980 °C/250 MPa. The reliability of the single-camera stereo DIC method in measuring long-term deformation at a high temperature was experimentally verified. The experimental results show that the creep life of the thinner specimen was significantly shorter. It was found the lack of coordination in the creep deformation process of the edge and middle section of the thin-walled specimens may be an important factor in the thickness debit effect according to the full-field strain contour. By comparing the local strain curve at the rupture point with the average creep strain curve, it was found that the creep rate at the rupture point was less affected by the specimen thickness during the secondary creep stage, while the average creep rate in the working section significantly increased as the wall thickness decreased. The thicker specimen usually had a higher average rupture strain and higher damage tolerance, which prolonged the rupture time.

Influence of deformation banding instabilities on small scale yielding of a Mg–Nd alloy revealed by in-situ digital image correlation

Propagating deformation bands are observed to accommodate the initial plasticity in an as-extruded Mg–1.5Nd alloy under tension using digital-image-correlation. The propagating bands cause an uncommon plateau in the stress–strain response of the alloy prior to restoring a common decreasing work hardening with further straining. Effects of the deformation banding and underlying plateau in the flow stress on small scale yielding are investigated during low cycle fatigue (LCF) and tension of notched specimens. Alternating formation/disappearance of deformation bands in the gauge section of as-extruded LCF specimens during testing is observed to reduce life compared to annealed specimens exhibiting no instabilities. In contrast, the bands deflect the plastic zone ahead of the notch from the principal plane orthogonal to the applied loading inducing positive effect on toughness of the alloy.

Abstract 2194: Performance of a 24-hour turnaround, guideline-complete NSCLC assay, optimized for sparse samples

Abstract Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer with 236,740 new cases diagnosed in 2022 in the United States. In this study, we demonstrate the performance of a digital PCR (dPCR) based assay that reports 15 (NCCN) biomarkers using only 1 slide of FFPE tissue. ChromaCode’s High Definition PCR (HDPCR™) NSCLC Tumor Profiling Panel (Research Use Only) detects guideline biomarkers including variants for EGFR, BRAF, KRAS, ERBB2, ALK, ROS1, RET, MET, and NTRK1-3 with a 24 hour turnaround time and a simple PCR workflow. A total of 34 NSCLC FFPE specimens were evaluated using the HDPCR NSCLC Panel. DNA and RNA were extracted from a single 10 µm section of specimen, with a sister section previously characterized with the Oncomine Precision Assay GX. The DNA/RNA eluates (20ng DNA per well, 20ng RNA) were run with the HDPCR NSCLC Panel on the Qiagen QIAcuity dPCR instrument. Data analysis was conducted using ChromaCloud™, which includes a proprietary algorithm that can detect and quantify 6 targets (5 targets and 1 internal control) for each of the 3 wells. DNA samples discordant with the comparator assay were evaluated using the Archer DNA VariantPlex panel, while RNA discordant samples were analyzed using the Archer RNA fusion plex panel. Of the 34 specimens evaluated, 16 SNV, 13 Insertion/Deletion, and 7 fusion positive specimens were identified using NGS. On the dPCR assay, the results show a high-level of agreement, after discordant resolution, of 95.8% across the panel. The minor allele fraction (MAF), also calculated using ChromaCode Cloud, ranged from 5% to 90%. With 20 ng input (Qubit), the average copy number of amplifiable DNA ranged from 791 copies (~2.3 ng) to 6583 copies (~19.9 ng) with a mean of 2410 copies (~7.43 ng). Here we demonstrate that the HDPCR NSCLC Tumor Profiling Panel provides comparable performance to validated NGS assays with a turnaround that enables adherence to guideline-recommended treatment, and a low sample requirement that maximizes the number of patients for molecular testing. The standard protocols used by the assay and the use of a cloud based analysis pipeline enables easy deployment of this assay in any lab. Citation Format: Kerri Cabrera, Jeff Gole, Bryan Leatham, Isabel Regoli, Tiffany Martinez, Andrew Richards, Leah Herdt, Juan Enciso, Paige Berroteran, Heather Carolan, Brad Brown. Performance of a 24-hour turnaround, guideline-complete NSCLC assay, optimized for sparse samples [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2194.

Transverse Shear Capacity Predictions of GFRP Bars Subjected to Accelerated Aging Using Artificial Neural Networks

This paper presents the results of three different types of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars subjected to different harsh environmental conditions. Three types of pultruded GFRP bars, namely, Bar A (13.04 mm dia.), Bar B1 (13.02 mm dia.), Bar B2 (10.19 mm dia.), and Bar C (13.22 mm dia.) were subjected to accelerated aging. GFRP specimens were exposed to four conditionings (alkaline, alkaline with salt, acidic, and water), two temperature regimes (20°C and 60°C), and three time regimes (3, 6, and 12 months). The mechanical strength retention of the bars investigated based on the transverse shear strength (TSS) test, conforming to ASTM D7617M-11 revealed a decline in the shear strength characteristics of specimens proportionally with the exposure time. In general, Bar A, Bar B1, and Bar B2 performed well, but Bar C performed the worst since Bar C exhibited the least mechanical strength retention at elevated temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the cross section of the conditioned specimens revealed the nature of the evolution of deterioration and the state of glass fibers, polymeric resin matrix, and fiber-matrix interface, validating the decrease in transverse shear capacity of the bars. SEM micrographs showed fiber damage, with debonding occurring at the fiber-matrix interface and cracking of the polymeric resin. Leaching out of glass fibers into the matrix of varying degrees upon conditioning was observed through the X-ray mapping of silicon. Furthermore, strength prediction models developed using multiple linear regression and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques were compared. Coefficients of correlation (R2) of 0.94 and 0.76 and root mean square errors (RMSE) of 7.43 and 12.00 were obtained with models developed using ANN and multiple linear regression, respectively, showing that ANN can be used as a robust tool for GFRP shear strength prediction.

MP17-14 IDENTIFYING CRIBRIFORM PATTERN IN MPMRI SCANS FROM 3D RECONSTRUCTED RALP SPECIMENS USING DEEP LEARNING

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP17-14 IDENTIFYING CRIBRIFORM PATTERN IN MPMRI SCANS FROM 3D RECONSTRUCTED RALP SPECIMENS USING DEEP LEARNING Ashwin Sachdeva, Dinisha Kadam, Avaneesh Meena, Nitin Singhal, Archie Parekh, Guillaume Antem, Yatin Jain, Pedro Oliveira, and Vijay Ramani Ashwin SachdevaAshwin Sachdeva More articles by this author , Dinisha KadamDinisha Kadam More articles by this author , Avaneesh MeenaAvaneesh Meena More articles by this author , Nitin SinghalNitin Singhal More articles by this author , Archie ParekhArchie Parekh More articles by this author , Guillaume AntemGuillaume Antem More articles by this author , Yatin JainYatin Jain More articles by this author , Pedro OliveiraPedro Oliveira More articles by this author , and Vijay RamaniVijay Ramani More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003237.14AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Amongst various Gleason 4 patterns, cribriform morphology (Gl4Cri) is unique, as it seems to correlate with an aggressive clinical course, distant metastases, and disease-specific mortality. However, the true value of Gl4Cri on PCa management has recently been challenged, given that cribriform morphology is frequently intermixed with other morphologic patterns (such as glomeruloid and intra-ductal carcinoma, IDC), and biopsy-based studies suffer from sampling bias. A methodology for precise identification and quantification of Gl4Cri would help inform the role of Gl4Cri in impacting PCa management (active surveillance vs surgery vs radiotherapy) and molecular germline testing. METHODS: Using deep learning based methods, we developed an algorithm for identification and quantification of cribriform and glomeruloid patterns in whole mount images of radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens. Whole-mount H&E-stained histopathological sections of formalin-fixed RP specimens showing a mixture of different GP4 subtypes were digitised. A neural network based on U-Net++ with EfficientNet backbone was trained to identify and separate cribriform and glomeruloid glands from benign, other tumour patterns, and stromal regions. Two pathologists annotated a training set of 13 RP samples and a validation set of 42 RP samples with perfect consensus. We then applied this new algorithm to label Gl4Cri on mpMRI images using reconstructed 3D histology, allowing the extent of Gl4Cri cancer to be mapped directly onto mpMRI for development of a radiomic signature. RESULTS: The model performed well on the validation set with AUCs (Area Under Curve) of 0.87 for cribriform and 0.81 for glomeruloid pattern identification. For the two patterns, the segmentation model achieved an F1-score of 0.83 and 0.80, respectively. Using deep learning, we developed a method for automated localisation of cribriform and glomeruloid growth patterns in H&E-stained RP whole slide images, which could precisely determine the proportion of each growth pattern on corresponding mpMRI scans. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a method for automated localisation of cribriform and glomeruloid growth patterns in radical prostatectomy images and demonstrated the ability to map these patterns within pre-biopsy mpMRI scans successfully. In the future, we intend to further improve the algorithm for IDC identification and conduct multicentre trials on larger data sets for validation of this approach. Source of Funding: NHS/Aira-Matrix Project PO01 © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e218 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ashwin Sachdeva More articles by this author Dinisha Kadam More articles by this author Avaneesh Meena More articles by this author Nitin Singhal More articles by this author Archie Parekh More articles by this author Guillaume Antem More articles by this author Yatin Jain More articles by this author Pedro Oliveira More articles by this author Vijay Ramani More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

MP41-14 PROGNOSTIC IMPACT AND GENOMIC BACKGROUNDS OF RENAL PARENCHYMAL INFILTRATION OR MICRONODULAR SPREAD IN CLEAR CELL RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP41-14 PROGNOSTIC IMPACT AND GENOMIC BACKGROUNDS OF RENAL PARENCHYMAL INFILTRATION OR MICRONODULAR SPREAD IN CLEAR CELL RENAL CELL CARCINOMA Hajime Tanaka, Yuki Fukawa, Kouhei Yamamoto, Kousuke Tanimoto, Akira Takemoto, Hisashi Hasumi, Akihiro Hirakawa, Yudai Ishikawa, Shohei Fukuda, Yuma Waseda, Soichiro Yoshida, Minato Yokoyama, Steven C. Campbell, and Yasuhisa Fujii Hajime TanakaHajime Tanaka More articles by this author , Yuki FukawaYuki Fukawa More articles by this author , Kouhei YamamotoKouhei Yamamoto More articles by this author , Kousuke TanimotoKousuke Tanimoto More articles by this author , Akira TakemotoAkira Takemoto More articles by this author , Hisashi HasumiHisashi Hasumi More articles by this author , Akihiro HirakawaAkihiro Hirakawa More articles by this author , Yudai IshikawaYudai Ishikawa More articles by this author , Shohei FukudaShohei Fukuda More articles by this author , Yuma WasedaYuma Waseda More articles by this author , Soichiro YoshidaSoichiro Yoshida More articles by this author , Minato YokoyamaMinato Yokoyama More articles by this author , Steven C. CampbellSteven C. Campbell More articles by this author , and Yasuhisa FujiiYasuhisa Fujii More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003279.14AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibition has been reported recently for locally advanced clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC); however, further exploration is required to define optimal candidates for this strategy, who are at high risk for recurrence. In this study, we defined renal parenchymal infiltration or micronodular spread (RPI/MNS) in ccRCC and investigated its prognostic impact and genomic backgrounds. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 333 M0 ccRCC patients treated with radical nephrectomy (approval # M2019-172 and M2021-272). Two pathologists evaluated the whole tissue sections of surgical specimens and performed the focused analysis on the tumor interface with normal renal parenchyma. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was analyzed as an endpoint. Genomic DNA was extracted from tumor tissue in eligible cases (n=51), and variants were screened using a panel of 440 cancer-related genes. RESULTS: Overall, ≥pT3a, WHO/ISUP grade 3-4, and microvascular invasion were observed in 107 (32%), 138 (41%), and 199 (60%) patients, respectively. Histological assessment revealed the variations of the tumor interface with normal renal parenchyma and identified the specific pattern at high risk for recurrence. This finding was defined as RPI/MNS, in whichcancer cells infiltrated or spread into the renal parenchyma by involving normal renal tissue and/or by forming micronodules. RPI/MNS was finally identified in 40 patients (12%). During the median follow-up of 6.0 years, 67 patients (20%) developed recurrence. On multivariable analysis, ≥pT3a, grade 3-4, and RPI/MNS were independently associated with shorter RFS; RPI/MNS showed the highest hazard ratio (4.63) followed by grade 3-4 (2.03) and ≥pT3a(1.99). 2y-RFS rates were 38% and 95% in patients with and without RPI/MNS, respectively. The genomic analysis revealed significantly different patterns of representative gene mutations in ccRCC (figure). Patients with RPI/MNS (n=18) had significantly more frequent mutations in SETD2 (28% vs. 6%) and TSC1 (17% vs. 0%) in comparison to those without RPI/MNS (n=33). CONCLUSIONS: RPI/MNS had a strong impact on recurrence after surgery with the background of aggressive genomic features in ccRCC. Adjuvant therapy may be recommended for patients showing RPI/MNS. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e560 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Hajime Tanaka More articles by this author Yuki Fukawa More articles by this author Kouhei Yamamoto More articles by this author Kousuke Tanimoto More articles by this author Akira Takemoto More articles by this author Hisashi Hasumi More articles by this author Akihiro Hirakawa More articles by this author Yudai Ishikawa More articles by this author Shohei Fukuda More articles by this author Yuma Waseda More articles by this author Soichiro Yoshida More articles by this author Minato Yokoyama More articles by this author Steven C. Campbell More articles by this author Yasuhisa Fujii More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

MP27-15 A COMPARISON OF COMPUTER-ASSISTED ANALYSES AND MANUAL COUNTING IN VESTIBULAR TISSUE STAINED WITH PGP9.5 AND CD117

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP27-15 A COMPARISON OF COMPUTER-ASSISTED ANALYSES AND MANUAL COUNTING IN VESTIBULAR TISSUE STAINED WITH PGP9.5 AND CD117 Alexandra Drian, Noel N. Kim, Sue W. Goldstein, Andrew S Goldstein, Alyssa Yee, and Irwin Goldstein Alexandra DrianAlexandra Drian More articles by this author , Noel N. KimNoel N. Kim More articles by this author , Sue W. GoldsteinSue W. Goldstein More articles by this author , Andrew S GoldsteinAndrew S Goldstein More articles by this author , Alyssa YeeAlyssa Yee More articles by this author , and Irwin GoldsteinIrwin Goldstein More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003255.15AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of stained sections of vestibular specimens have been used to define diagnostic criteria for neuroproliferative vestibulodynia (NPV). Bornstein’s criteria (2004) included manually counting 8 or more mast cells in a standardized microscopic field and/or subepithelial nerve fibers that were 10 times higher than controls. However, there is wide variability in manual counting, IHC staining and magnification. We examined a more reproducible methodology by assessing percentage of immunopositive stained area using computer-assisted histometry. METHODS: Samples from 17 patients were stained with CD117, a marker of mast cells, and PGP9.5, a neuronal marker. Photomicrographs were obtained using 200x and 400x magnification and analyzed using Image J with 3 measurements per photomicrograph. This methodology was also applied to previously published images of tissues from patients with and without NPV (Tympanidis 2003; Goetsch 2010). For comparison, CD117-immunopositive cells were also manually counted, as described by Bornstein. Clusters of immunopositive granules positively stained and separated from an adjacent cell membrane were counted as a single immunopositive cell. RESULTS: Using Image J, mean CD117-immunopositive area was 2107 ± 1339 μm2, representing 0.79 ± 0.51% of total area analyzed. Mean PGP9.5-immunopositive area was 1123 ± 695 μm2, representing 0.38 ± 0.27% of total area analyzed. Using manual counting, we observed 30.6 ± 15.3 CD117-immunopositive cells per standardized field (200x), greater than the Bornstein threshold of 8 mast cells per standardized field. Tissues from control patients without vestibulodynia had 6 to 8-fold lower immunostained area than tissues from vestibulodynia patients using computer-assisted histometry. In analyses of photomicrographs from Goetsch and Tympanidis, 2.48% and 2.87% of the control areas were immunopositive. For controls, using Image J, immunostained area for PGP 9.5 was 2.6-fold greater than that reported by Bornstein using manual counting (425 μm2). CONCLUSIONS: All our patients had increased density of CD117-immunopositive cells and increased PGP9.5-immunopositive area, confirming their NPV diagnosis. To facilitate more consistent, widespread and rapid assessment of IHC analysis of stained sections of vestibular specimens, we propose using computer-assisted histometry for future studies. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e368 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Alexandra Drian More articles by this author Noel N. Kim More articles by this author Sue W. Goldstein More articles by this author Andrew S Goldstein More articles by this author Alyssa Yee More articles by this author Irwin Goldstein More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Petrographic and technological aspects of improving the methodology for alternative determination of the degree of carbonification

The methodology for determining the earlier proposed indicator of the intensity of the shade of grey (Grey Intensity) as an alternative to the normative indicator of the reflectivity of vitrinite has been improved. The values of this indicator have been analyzed in the polished section specimen on the surfaces of the cut, layering, and tangential sections along the macerals of all three groups (vitrinite, liptinite, inertinite). The studies have been conducted in natural incident light as well as in the light passing through yellow, red, blue, and green filters. A large factual material has analyzed the petrographic and technological difficulties of measuring the Grey Intensity indicator. It is associated with the spatial arrangement of the observation planes of preparations relative to the natural occurrence of coal beds, the surface features of macerals, the influence of chemical (fluidization, gas generation) and tectonic (dynamic metamorphism) processes on the transformation of the gelled substance as the main object of research. Recommendations on the choice of a lens and a platform for measurements have been given, taking into consideration the optical system of incident light. The expediency of using color filters has been considered.

SEC11A contributes to tumour progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

BackgroundHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a prevalent disease that has a low survival rate and high recurrence risk. Our study aims to investigate the expression and role of SEC11A in HNSCC. MethodsThe expression of SEC11A was assessed in 18 pairs of cancerous and adjacent tissues by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Immunohistochemistry was performed in clinical specimen sections to evaluate the expression of SEC11A and its association with outcomes. Furthermore, the functional role of SEC11A in HNSCC tumor proliferation and progression was investigated using the in vitro cell model with lentivirus-mediated SEC11A knockdown. Colony formation and CCK8 assays were conducted to assess cell proliferation potential, while in vitro migration and invasion were examined using wound healing and transwell assays. To determine the tumor formation potential in vivo, a tumor xenograft assay was used. ResultsIn contrast to adjacent normal tissues, SEC11A expression was significantly elevated in HNSCC tissues. SEC11A was mainly localized in the cytoplasm, and its expression was significantly associated with patient prognosis. SEC11A was silenced using shRNA lentivirus in TU212 and TU686 cell lines, and the gene knockdown was confirmed. A series of functional assays demonstrated that SEC11A knockdown reduced cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability in vitro. In addition, the xenograft assay demonstrated that SEC11A knockdown significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Tumor tissue sections of mice showed decreased proliferation potential in the shSEC11A xenografts cells by immunohistochemistry. ConclusionSEC11A knockdown decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and subcutaneous tumorigenesis in vivo. SEC11A is crucial to HNSCC proliferation and progression, and may serve as a new therapeutic target.

In vivo degradation and bone reaction of long-term fixation with a magnesium alloy made by twin-roll casting in a rat femur model.

The effect of casting parameters on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of Mg alloys is still limited, especially in clinical animal experiments. We prepared a new magnesium rare earth alloy (Mg-Re, where Re is Ce or La) by vertical two-roll casting and Mg-A by further rolling. The microstructure characteristics, degradation behavior, and bone reaction of the two alloys were studied. Ti, Mg-Re, and Mg-A alloy plates were implanted in a rat femur model, and their degradation behavior was observed 48 weeks later. In vivo experiments showed no significant changes around the femur in the Ti group, excluding external factors that may cause bone remodeling and lead to new bone formation. Mg-A induces more new bone formation than Mg-Re, which meets the necessary conditions to prevent pathological fracture. The specimen staining and sectioning showed that the liver and heart of rats implanted with magnesium alloys had no pathological changes and the cell structure was normal, similar to that of rats without a magnesium alloy. Mg-A alloy has good healing potential as a biodegradable implant material.