Institutions Of Secondary Vocational Education Research Articles

Informatization of vocational education through the implementation of the model of the center of immersive technologies

Problem statement . Every year, immersive equipment becomes more accessible, and the material and technical base of educational organizations is filled with new innovative devices. An urgent scientific task is the development of methods and tools for the implementation and usage of immersive devices in the educational process. Methodology. The authors describe approaches to the informatization of education based on the model of the center of immersive technologies (CIT), which contributes to the solution of managerial, methodical, pedagogical and technical problems associated with the application of immersive technologies in the educational and career guidance processes of educational organizations. The main functions of the CIT model are divided into three components: training students of secondary vocational education (SVE) in working professions, the realization of short programs for advanced training and assessment of qualifications, career guidance of schoolchildren. The key users of the CIT model are SVE students, schoolchildren and their parents, the management team of the educational organizations, teachers. The CIT model can be implemented in any organization that has immersive equipment (VR/AR) and human resources. Results. The implementation of immersive simulators in teaching students in professional programs, educational practice, as well as in organizing and conducting professional excellence championships demonstrates approximately equal effectiveness in comparison with traditional teaching methods, except for the cases in which it is important to develop tactile skills in working with certain equipment. Using the example of the execution of VR simulators in the teaching of the subject “Technology” in the school course, the advantage of learning on real machines is demonstrated. It was discovered that the maximum pedagogical effect is achieved by adding VR simulators to the training course and by using a combined approach. VR simulators are necessary for work in the absence of workshops and serve as an important didactic propaedeutic tool when they are available. Conclusion. The domestic and foreign experience of using immersive technologies in educational and outreach activities is analyzed, the development projects of the Russian Federation in the field of immersive technologies are considered. The relevance, theoretical and practical significance of the development and implementation of the CIT model are substantiated. The results of approbation in educational institutions of secondary vocational and basic general education are presented.

Special features of the inclusive educational environment in organizations of secondary vocational education

Introduction. The development of the model of inclusive educational environment (IEE) became relevant due to the implementation of inclusive education in professional educational organizations of secondary vocational education. It is a necessity to monitor and evaluate the inclusive educational environment in the organization. This, in turn, leads to the development of effective managerial decisions in planning and design.Purpose setting. The article aims to discuss the results of research conducted by the Institution of Inclusive Education»s Problems of Moscow State University of Psychology and Education. The research is dedicated to the specificity of creating an inclusive educational environment in educational institutions of secondary vocational education. It is based on the IEE model created by Institution»s academics.Methodology and methods of the study. Used methods and methodology are based on the system and activity approach in education. IEE model is a matrix organizational structure in which the basic components of educational environment correlate with basic criteria of inclusiveness. The link between inclusive environmental conditions and support of the proactive position of all entities with diverse educational needs is crucial here. The IEE model provided a survey for key participants of the educational process (students, teachers, managers) to evaluate an inclusive educational environment on-site. Eight professional educational organizations from two regions of the Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk region and Pskov region) participated in the survey. The respondents in the study are 8 managers, 232 teachers, and 1811 students. 17,3 % of these students are people with health limitations.Results. The results show major discrepancies between opportunities created by organizations (given the specificity of secondary vocational education) and students» abilities to use such opportunities.Conclusions. Thus, we can assume that any favorable conditions are inadequate unless they are inquired for by students and supported by their subjective position and proactive participation according to the core principles of inclusive education.

Hurry to do good deeds

In the Ozherelievsky Railway College — a branch of PGUPS, the volunteer movement SD 3 “Hurry to do good deeds” has existed for more than 20 years. It currently has more than 500 people in its ranks — these are students, teachers, parents of students, college graduates. Volunteers work in many areas: help the elderly and people with disabilities; children left without parental care; homeless animals; participate in campaigns for a healthy lifestyle, etc.Currently, the volunteer movement is developing the following areas: environmental volunteering; promotion of healthy lifestyles; creation; intellectual volunteering (when a person uses his professional skills and knowledge for the benefit of others free of charge); preservation of the history of their region; spiritual volunteering.CD 3 is marked by many letters of thanks, diplomas and certificates. Projects win prizes in various competitions: in 2021, the social volunteering project “Hurry up to do good deeds” was awarded a 1st degree diploma in the “Best Volunteer” review competition of the volunteer movement of educational institutions of secondary vocational education administered by the Federal railroad agencies.

Education management in the context of the development of the digital educational environment: problems of the realization of the rights of minors to education

Introduction. The use of digital technologies on minors can be assessed in two ways, on the one hand, they bring many benefits (online communication, the use of various research platforms for self-development, free access to information, etc.), on the other hand, they have a negative impact (cyberbullying, cyberfraud), destructive and even illegal content, immersion in the virtual world, digital addiction, etc.). The purpose of this article is to study the implementation of the rights of minors to education in the field of developing a digital educational environment. Materials and methods. The study of the problem of realizing the rights of minors to education using the digital environment was carried out by the method of sociological research, in which 500 respondents aged 13 to 18 years old, students of general and secondary vocational education institutions of the city of Yelets, Lipetsk Region (Russian Federation) took part, who were asked to answer to 6 questions on digital human rights and how to protect them. Results. The study allows us to state that adolescents aged 13 to 18 years have a low level of knowledge about existing digital rights (34%), ways to protect them (58%), negative manifestations in the network (70%), and therefore it is necessary to strengthen information and educational activities by carrying out activities aimed at the formation of a digital culture of underage citizens. Scientific novelty. The results obtained allow us to substantiate the role of the managerial component in the realization of the right to education by underage students in connection with the active introduction of various digital products and technologies into the structure of the educational process. Practical significance. The conducted research makes it possible to identify recommendations for improving the existing model of education management in the context of the digital educational environment and improving the effectiveness of minors' realization of their right to education in the digital educational reality.

Visualization of distance learning

The article is devoted to highlighting the current problems of creating visual support for distance learning of pedagogical workers in the conditions of postgraduate education. The current experience in training teachers to create a visualization of distance learning of teachers in postgraduate education is considered. Attention is paid to the modern problems of distance learning, the experience of organizing advanced training courses, implementation of thematic, author's courses for teachers of general secondary education institutions and vocational pre-higher education institutions is described. A description of the content of the training of teachers on the author's remote professional development courses is provided. A description of the preparation of a visual series for remote training of teachers in the postgraduate education system is given. Features of the use of modern digital tools and technology for creating electronic materials for the organization of distance learning are considered. A description of the use of video conferencing systems in distance learning is provided, examples of creating video materials for conducting distance classes are described. The experience of organizing distance classes is described and a description of the types of classes in distance learning is provided.
 The list of problems of the pedagogical community in the process of organizing distance learning in crisis conditions is presented. The problems and needs of professional improvement of teachers, which can be solved during the period of professional development in the system of postgraduate education, are singled out.
 The results of research in the post-graduate education system are described, which demonstrate the solution to the problems of distance learning visualization based on the author's professional development courses. The meaningful content of distance, network, electronic training of teachers, the selection of effective technologies for the preparation of visual support for conducting classes in a distance format are recognized

Identification of problems of future economists’ professional development in secondary vocational education institutions

At the present stage of development of society, one of the important issues are economic problems that are directly related to the training of specialists in the economic sphere of activity. Economic education forms economic thinking, fosters rational economic behavior and also creates the prerequisites for further professional training, practical activities and creates the basis for professional development. The article discusses the essence of the concept of professional development, as well as the phase of professional development of students in institutions of secondary vocational education. The actual problems of the professional development of future economists studying in institutions of secondary vocational education are revealed through the analysis of the results of a student survey. The requirements of potential employers for vacancies of an economic orientation for candidates with a secondary vocational education and no work experience are described. An analysis of the competencies of the Federal State Educational Standards of secondary vocational education in the direction of preparation "Economics and accounting (by sectors)" is carried out. The article also describes the role of pedagogical support for the professional development of a student at the stage of training in an institution of secondary specialized education. In the study the authors have managed to identify actual problems of the professional development of future economists in institutions of secondary vocational education.

PRACTICE-ORIENTED FORMS OF TRAINING SPECIALISTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY OF THE REGION

The article examines the existing in Russia practice-oriented forms of training of specialists in the construction industry known for its high specialization. Currently, there is a growing need for people with practical skills and knowledge necessary for the design and construction of technically complex buildings and structures. To meet these needs, a number of techniques are used in the training of specialists for the construction sector, including internships, on-the-job training and vocational training. The article presents an expert assessment of the advantages and limitations of various approaches in training specialists in the construction industry in the regions of Russia. One of the solutions to the problems facing the construction industry and the need for constant innovation and investment in training programs is to create in the Novgorod region on the basis of the Novgorod Construction College a unique educational and production platform for training qualified personnel, taking into account the opinions of employers in the School–College–University–Enterprise paradigm. The article presents the prerequisites for creating a comprehensive training program for the construction industry in the Novgorod region, including such national and local challenges and directions as the need for early career guidance for school students, the gap between the requirements of the real labor market and training at school and institutions of secondary vocational education (colleges) in major subjects, increasing the number of students from the municipal districts of the region, etc. The authors have determined that the main target audiences of the program (school, institutions of secondary vocational education (colleges), university, employers) gain a number of synergistic effects that ultimately contribute to the growth of the well-being of the population and the development of the region's economy. The model for the development of the practice-oriented School–College–University–Enterprise program proposed by the authors has a number of strategic priorities for the regional economy, including the introduction of a system of educational, social and professional elevators for students, territorial attachment, guaranteed employment, etc.

National projects and programs in the field of education in Russia: awareness and expectations of participants in the educational process

Introduction. The implementation of the concept of "Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)" in the Russian Federation has been reflected in national projects and state programs, including for education. National projects and programs as strategic documents have become a new reflection of the development of society, a driver of the development of Russian education and a tool for improving its quality. The success and modernization of Russian education depends on the attitude of the population, awareness of the progress of implementation, as well as factors affecting the results of achieving goals. Objective: to study the opinion of participants in the educational process on the implementation of national projects and programs in the field of education in Russia and to identify the factors of their successful implementation. Materials and methods. To study the problem, an analysis of previously conducted studies was conducted, as well as an author's survey using a semi-formalized interview among participants in the educational process: teachers of higher and secondary vocational educational institutions, school teachers, students of universities and secondary vocational educational institutions, employees of educational organizations and employees of other fields (as a control group). The sample is quota, 600 respondents from 54 regions of the Russian Federation. The results of the study. Traditionally, there is a high public interest in the implementation of national projects and programs, including in the field of education. According to the All-Russian VCIOM survey (October 2020), the level of awareness of Russians about the implementation of national projects has already reached 85%. The top three include such national projects as: «Healthcare» (85%), "Education" (80%) and «Demography» (74%). Participants in the educational process have higher awareness than in national samples, they observe a significant increase in the number of events, activation of socio-political projects. The most critical are teachers and employees of educational institutions who want to see not only quantitative, but also meaningful (qualitative) changes in the education system. The main barriers are the risks associated with corruption (50.5% of respondents answered this way), insufficient funding (48.7%) and the lack of highly professional personnel (40%) designed to fill the planned activities with content. A positive aspect is the willingness of young people to actively participate in the implementation of state strategic initiatives in the field of education. Conclusion. In order to increase confidence in strategic projects and the authorities, as well as in order to involve broad segments of the public, including young people, active promotion of information about plans and activities for the implementation of the national project "Education" and the state program "Development of Education" through the development of information channels such as social networks and messengers is in demand.

Mentoring system as a tool for corporate modernization in institutions of secondary vocational education

Mentoring system as a tool for corporate modernization in institutions of secondary vocational education

РЕШЕНИЕ ПСИХОЛОГО-ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОБЛЕМ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ СРЕДНИХ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫХ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЙ ЧЕРЕЗ КОРРЕКЦИОННО-РАЗВИВАЮЩИЕ ЗАНЯТИЯ

Introduction. The article examines the psychological and pedagogical problems of students in secondary vocational education institutions as well as presents the conditions for their solution. Materials and methods. Methods such as theoretical analysis of literature, analysis of educational documentation, psychodiagnostics were used in the work. The analysis of the results showed that purposeful psychological work helps to increase the level of adaptive abilities of students in secondary vocational education, stabilize their emotional state, reduce anxiety, increase self-esteem, and raise the predominance of internal motivation. The results. The results of an empirical psychological study of students in secondary vocational education are presented. Discussion and conclusion. Due to the modern requirements of the labor market for highly qualified specialists and the problems they have, it is necessary to create certain conditions for their solution as well as use different methods of specialist training.

ПЕДАГОГИКА СУХОМЛИНСКОГО В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ СЕЛЬСКОЙ ШКОЛЕ

The article is about an experiment that was organized at the Uva School of the Udmurt Republic. V.A. Sukhomlinsky began his professional pedagogical activity at this school during the harsh years of the Great Patriotic War. The teachers of the Uvinsky school preserve the traditions of humane pedagogy and continue their creative search in modern conditions. V.A. Sukhomlinsky’s ideas about patriotic and spiritual and moral education have been introduced into the educational process, extracurricular activities and additional education. “Lessons of kindness”, “Pedagogical Constellation”, “Holiday of Fairy tales” and other events have become traditional holidays at school. The school has a historical and pedagogical museum of V.A. Sukhomlinsky with unique exhibits. Republican pedagogical readings are held annually with the invitation of scientists, teachers of institutions of higher and secondary vocational education, students, public figures, cultural figures, preschool workers. The conference discusses current problems of modern pedagogy, organized the exchange of experience through participation in master classes. The peculiarity of the pedagogical experiment lies in the fact that all teachers of the school take part in it, just as the experiment was organized by V.A. Sukhomlinsky himself in the Pavlysh secondary school led by him.

Демонстрационный экзамен как средство повышения качества государственной итоговой аттестации выпускников автомобильного колледжа

The results of the state final assessment (SFA) determine the further updating of the educational process. During the integration of federal state educational standards and the new WorldSkills standards in the system of secondary vocational education, a new component - a demo exam - appeared in the structure of the state fi nal assessment. It emphasizes the simulation of real working conditions to solve practical problems of professional activity in accordance with the best world standards and national practices. The article presents the features of conducting a demo exam according to the WorldSkills standards for the majors and professions of the automotive industry. The authors discuss the positive and negative characteristics of this SFA form and consider the possibility of including the independent assessment of qualifi cations (IAQ) in the SFA system. This modifi cation provides conditions for conjugating the education system and the labor market. The state fi nal assessment of the graduates of secondary vocational education institutions has revealed the need to change the content and methodology of the training process and assessment activities. As a result of integrating the traditional system of fi nal assessment with the WorldSkills standards for the training area (major) 23.02.07 “Maintenance and repair of engines, systems and assemblies of motor vehicles” in the Automotive College, the authors have developed and tested a model of the demo exam based on the independent quality assurance methodology. The model provides a comprehensive assessment of the professional competence of graduates.

Imitation model of the labour market behaviour of graduates of secondary vocational education institutions

The structure of the needs of enterprises for workers is undergoing changes, and the system professional education must adapt as quickly as possible to the new realities of the labor market. For a prompt response to current personnel requests, imitation model of the behavior of graduates in the labor market is proposed, taking into account the direction of training (DT) of system professional education, the need for workers by the type of economic activity (TEA), presented in the form of a matrix of professional and qualification compliance with TEA-DT and a sociological survey graduates. The imitation model is based on an agent - oriented approach, where agents are graduates of colleges, enterprises, enlarged by the type of economic activity and authorities, given exogenously. The software implementation makes it possible to imitate the real processes of employment of college graduates, taking into account vacancies in the type of economic activity and direction of training. The use of the simulation model will allow to regulate the emerging imbalance between the offers of the secondary schools and the needs of enterprises.

ADAPTATION OF YOUNG TEACHERS TO NEW TASKS IN THE SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM

The article deals with the issues of adaptation of young teachers to solving new problems in the system of secondary vocational education. The importance of personal development and professional growth of young teachers of the system of secondary vocational education for the organization of effective interaction of subjects of educational relations is substantiated. Based on the analysis of the results of monitoring studies, the work of the regional innovation platform, the activities of the Council of Young Teachers of the Secondary Vocational Education System of the Leningrad Region, the conditions for transforming approaches to the adaptation of young specialists of secondary vocational education institutions for their successful entry into pedagogical activity are shown.

Рецензия на монографию: Токтарова В. И., Фёдорова С. Н. Адаптивная система математической подготовки студентов в условиях информационно-образовательной среды вуза. Йошкар-Ола: Марийский гос. ун-т, 2020. 488 с.

The review analyses the monograph “Adaptive System of Mathematical Training of Students in the Conditions of the Information and Educational Environment of the University” by V. I. Toktarova, S. N. Fedorova, addressed to academic and pedagogical workers of higher education institutions, teachers of secondary schools and vocational education institutions, as well as graduate and post-graduate students in relevant scientific fields and training programme specialisations, participants of advanced training courses in the sphere of education, practicing experts in teaching methodology and specialists in the field of pedagogical technologies. The monograph examines the theoretical and practical foundations of designing an adaptive system of mathematical training of students in the conditions of the information and educational environment of higher educational institutions. The work sheds light on the methodological approaches to the development of an adaptive system of mathematical training of university students, considers the information and educational environment (IEE) of the university as a pedagogical system of a new level. Special attention is paid to describing the conceptual foundations for the implementation of an adaptive system of students’ training in the conditions of the IEE, which includes the structural and functional model and the implementation technology.

The opinion of medical and biological students on the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: A social monitoring

Aim to analyze the dynamics of the opinions of medical and biological students on the problem of preventing sexually transmitted infections before and during the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection.
 Material and methods. A sociological survey was conducted in 2017 (372 respondents) and 2021 (574 respondents) among the students of institutions of higher and secondary vocational education in medical and biological specialties. We used the authors' questionnaire, consisting of 54 questions grouped into 5 blocks. In both samples, the principle of equal representation of age, gender, social and professional groups was observed. The average age of the respondents was 19.10.74 years. The distribution of the respondents by sex was as follows: in 2017, female 51.9% (n=193), male 48.1% (n=179); in 2021, female 50.7% (n=291) and male 49.3% (n=283). Both samples had sufficient size to obtain results with the accuracy level of =0.05. The analytical, statistical, sociological methods were used for research. In the processing and presentation of the data, the extensive indicators were used, compared with the assessment of the significance of differences according to Student's t-test.
 Results. The proportion of people who had an objective idea of the risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections increased from 72.8% (2017) to 87.8% (2021), while the association of the threat only with the frequent change of partners was noted significantly less often (5.9% in 2021 and 16.7% in 2017). The proportion of students linking the risk with social status has decreased from 8.1% to 4.7%, which may indicate a tendency for more objective ideas about the risks of sexually transmitted infections.
 Conclusion. During the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of an objective self-assessment of the epidemiological situation and the associated risks of contracting sexually transmitted infections increased statistically among students. Also, increased their readiness to undergo screening examinations and seek qualified medical care.

To the 120th anniversary of the Vologda Technical School of Railway Transport

Vologda Technical School of Railway Transport — a branch of the PSUPS, one of the oldest educational institutions of secondary vocational education in the region, traces its history back to 1902, this year it turns 120 years old. Over the years of its existence, the educational organization has experienced different periods of its development, closely related to the history of the country, with the stages of development of railway transport. Loyalty to traditions, the ability to work for the future allow the college to be among the leading educational institutions of secondary vocational education in the country, this is confirmed by its graduates who successfully realize themselves in the railway industry. Some of them became doctors and candidates of sciences, heads of structural divisions of JSC “Russian Railways”, heads of factories, heads of depots, heads and masters of workshops, high-class machinists.The article presents an essay on the 120-year history of the Vologda Technical School of Railway Transport. The experience of the teaching staff in the field of formation of a highly qualified specialist in demand in the modern labor market is summarized. The achievements of the teaching staff and students at the present time are demonstrated. The article is based on scientific literature, historical sources and regulatory legal acts.

Elective courses and digital disciplines in improving the status of students professional identity

The purpose of this article is to determine the factors influencing the determination of the career image of students of different courses of full-time education in secondary vocational educational institutions on the example of students of the Rostov Technological College of Service. To analyze whether the status of students' professional identity depends on the time of their studies. In the conditions of the current shortage of specialists in working professions, this research has a practical applied nature for the further formation of a digital product that contributes to the professional identity of students by the time they are employed. As a result of the work, the ways of promising research are identified.

Peculiarities of regional labor market development and labor resources formation in the Amur Oblast

Subject. Industrial potential of the Amur Oblast. Problems of implementation of investment projects in the Far East of Russia. Objectives. To analyze the main indicators of the Amur Oblast labor market for 2000–2020. Identification of the main features and trends of its development. Systematization of the main factors in the development of the labor market. Methods. The methods of economic and statistical analysis, system analysis, shift-component method were used. Results. In the Amur Oblast, against the background of a significant reduction in the number of permanent population, the number of working-age population is decreasing even faster. The average annual number of people employed in the Amur Oblast's economy is decreasing faster than the FEFD average. The ratio between sectors of the economy has changed: there has been a decrease in the primary sector and an increase in the secondary and tertiary sectors. Conclusions. It is necessary to systematically train the specialists necessary for the economy of the region by local institutions of higher and secondary vocational education.

Modeling the process of pre-adaptation of medical college students to the uncertainty of the professional future

Introduction. The world of professions of the future in the field of medicine is in transformation constantly, acquiring features of dynamism, unpredictability and uncertainty, that’s why pre-adaptation of medical college students to the uncertainty of the professional future plays an important role in vocational training. Uncertainty of the professional future of today’s youth and radical transformations of the socio-professional environment require qualitative changes in secondary vocational education, revision of its methodology, content and technologies for training medical personnel for the post-industrial economy. Purpose setting. The purpose of the study is to develop and theoretically and methodologically justify the structural and functional model of the process of pre-adaptation of medical college students to the uncertainty of their professional future, the introduction of which into the educational process of institutions of secondary vocational education will achieve the desired result ‒ the readiness of medical students for the uncertainty of their professional future. Methodology of the study. The methodological basis of the study was systemic, competency-based, personalized, design and technological, contextual, and process approaches and the principles of mobility, variability, integrativity, reflexivity, focus on professional self-determination. The leading research method was the modeling method. Results. The simulation result is a structural-functional model of the process of pre-adaptation of medical college students to the uncertainty of their professional future, which includes four interrelated blocks: target, methodological, procedural-substantial and result-evaluative. The model allows forming the anticipatory readiness of medical students for professional activities in conditions of high uncertainty, instability and variability. It has the property of dynamism and openness for constant renewal. Conclusion. Scientific novelty is as follows: the essence and structure of the basic concepts are determined; justified the principles and methods of the process of pre-adaptation; a structural-functional model has been developed; substantiated and described organizational-pedagogical conditions. The results of the scientific work also allow us to outline the prospects for further research, which consist in the practical implementation of this model, the inclusion of the process of pre-adaptation in educational activities and the development of mechanisms for its evaluation from the standpoint of achieving the expected effects. The results can be applied by teachers in the process of professional education.