Secondary Stage Research Articles

Synergistic effects of electric and magnetic nanoparticles with electromagnetic energy in enhanced oil recovery

This study investigates the effect of electromagnetic energy implementation in the use of electric, magnetic, and hybrid nanofluids for enhanced oil recovery. The challenge lies in comprehending the intricate interplay of these factors to enhance the recovery factor (RF) of oil. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of parameters influencing oil recovery at its primary, secondary, and tertiary stages using finite-element-based simulations. Transitioning to the secondary stage, we observe a positive correlation between increasing brine flow rates and heightened RF. In the tertiary stage, a comparative assessment of nanofluids, including magnetite (Fe3O4), zinc oxide (ZnO), and copper oxide (CuO), reveals that enhancing nanofluid concentrations up to 0.001 % positively impacts RF, with Fe3O4 leading the pack at 22.20 %, followed by ZnO at 21.00 %, and CuO at 11.02 %. The introduction of electromagnetic field consistently augments RF for all nanofluids by a minimum of 4.8 %. Furthermore, this study explores the effect of hybrid nanofluids on RF, which tend to exhibit lower RF values. However, the introduction of electromagnetic energy significantly enhances RF for all hybrid nanofluids. The study offers valuable insights into the potential of nanomaterials and electromagnetic methods in the oil and gas industry.

Syphilitic Unorthodoxy: A Case of Lues Maligna in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-negative 28-year-old Filipino Male

Lues maligna, also known as malignant syphilis, is an uncommon variant of syphilis at the secondary stage – more commonly reported in immunocompromised patients or those with concomitant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In this report, we present a case of a 28-year-old HIV-negative male with a 9-month history of multiple, well-defined, irregularly-shaped, erythematous papules, and small plaques evolving to ulcerated plaques and nodules with crusts, associated with pain, pruritus, and episodes of fever, arthralgia, and weight loss. Positive treponemal and nontreponemal tests, aided by histopathologic findings consistent with syphilis led to the diagnosis of lues maligna. Significant improvement of lesions was noted with 3 weekly doses of 2.4 million units of benzathine penicillin G. For patients presenting with painful and pruritic erythematous ulcerated plaques with crusts associated with systemic symptoms, and with a significant sexual history despite testing negative for HIV infection, a high index of suspicion for uncommon presentations of other sexually transmitted infections such as syphilis could aid in early diagnosis and subsequent treatment.

Application of Glucocorticoids in Therapy of Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system that causes significant disability and healthcare burden. Pulse-dosaged glucocorticoids therapy remains the mainstay of treatment of exacerbations of multiple sclerosis. A total of 98 patients were examined, including 28 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (24 women and 4 men) and 70 patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (57 women and 13 men). The number of glucocorticoids therapy courses in 98 patients at all disease stages totalled 536: 98 in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (9 at debuts and 89 at relapsing-remitting stage) and 438 in secondary progredient multiple sclerosis (11 at debuts, 178 at relapsing-remitting stage, and 249 at secondary progression stage). The efficacy of repeated courses of glucocorticoids therapy in patients with RR and secondary progredient multiple sclerosis was evaluated at different stages of the disease progression: debut in relapsing-remitting and secondary progredient multiple sclerosis, relapsing-remitting stage in relapsing-remitting and secondary progredient multiple sclerosis, and secondary progression stage in secondary progredient multiple sclerosis, including retrospective analysis. Important conclusions have been made about complex systemic reorganisation at different stages of relapsing-remitting and secondary-progredient types of multiple sclerosis, efficiency of glucocorticoids therapy in different types of multiple sclerosis and stages of pathological process and about influence of glucocorticoids therapy on the prognosis of the disease.

‘다문화학생’ 대상 대학입학 특별전형에서 나타나는 선별적 통합

This paper focuses on examining the realities of integration and exclusion within the university education system, with a particular emphasis on the opportunity equalization measures targeting multicultural students. By reviewing the eligibility criteria for special admissions targeting multicultural students for the university entrance, the analysis explores the institutional situations in the higher education selection system for multicultural students based on their respective immigration backgrounds and identifies which multicultural students are included in the integration process. To accomplish this, the paper analyzes the admission guidelines of 29 major domestic universities, focusing on the special admissions for foreign students and admissions targeting multicultural students from multicultural households within the opportunity equalization measures. In the primary and secondary education stages, there has been active integration of “multicultural children” into school education through “multicultural education” policies, regardless of distinct differentiation based on students' immigration backgrounds. However, in the university entrance stage, the opportunities for admission and special admissions are differentiated based on immigration backgrounds, nationalities, and legal statuses related to immigration policies (immigration control system). Consequently, the target of inclusion in the multicultural education is not consistent, and the fragmented nature of integration measures at different education stages leads to a phenomenon where the guarantee of higher education opportunities for children from foreign households and adolescents with mid-term immigration is not realized.

The Impact of Distance Education on the development of Self-Learning in light of the Corona Pandemic from the point of view of Secondary School Students in Mafraq Governorate in Jordan

This study aimed to reveal the impact of distance education on the development of self-learning in light of the Corona pandemic from the point of view of secondary school students in Mafraq Governorate in Jordan to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher designed an electronic questionnaire consisting of (30) items, the validity and reliability of questionnaire were assured. Distributed to the study’s sample, which consisted of (280) high school students in Mafraq Governorate in Jordan, The study adopted the descriptive survey methodology, The results of the study showed that the impact of distance education in the development of self-learning in light of the Corona pandemic from the point of view of Secondary school students at Mafraq Governorate in Jordan, came with a high degree. The results also showed that there were statistically significant differences at the significance level (α = 0.05) in the estimations of the study sample members due to the effect of gender, academic branch and class variables in all domanis and the total degree in favor of female students, scientific branch and second grade of secondary stage respectively. The results also showed that there was a direct positive correlation between distance education and self-learning. In light of the results of the study, the researcher presented a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the interest in applying distance education in the development of self-learning in all Jordanian schools.

The Effect of a Program of Aerobic Exercises on some Physical and Psychological Variables of Female Secondary Stage Students

This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of the aerobic exercises program on body mass index and body circumferences (arm, chest, abdomen, hip, thigh) as a body variable, and on the level of self-esteem and sports activity attitudes as a psychological variable among female secondary stage students. The sample of the study consisted of (10) secondary stage students at Tiberias secondary school for girls in the city of Irbid in Jordan, and the experimental method was used. The implementation of the training program took a period of (8) weeks, three units per week for a period of (60-40) minutes per unit. The self-esteem scale developed by (Zayed, 2011), and the sports activity attitudes scale, which was developed by (Zayed, 2011), in addition to the two scales of mass and perimeters of the body, were employed for the pre-post measurement. Statistical treatments were calculated) arithmetic means, standard deviations, and Wilcoxon test (. The results showed a positive, statistically significant effect of the aerobic exercise program on both the level of self-esteem and sport activity attitudes in favor of post-measurement, in both body mass index and some of body circumferences. The study recommended applying the aerobic exercise program proposed in this study to the students of the basic classes, to support the school activity on an ongoing basis.

The Level of Academic Integrity among Secondary Stage Science Teachers in Virtual Learning Environments in the City of Irbid

This study sought to determine the level of academic integrity of science teachers in virtual learning environments. The study sample consisted of (276) male and female science teachers for secondary school, from Irbid directorate of eduation. To achieve the study objectives, data were collected using academic integrity questionnaire after the validity and reliability of the test were assured. The results of the study showed that the level of academic integrity among teachers was moderate. Statistical significant differences were found in the level of academic integrity due to the gender variable, in favor of male teachers, and no statistical significant differences due to experience and specialization variables.

Secondary Stage Science Teachers’ Perceptions toward STEM Education in Saudi Arabia

Many Saudi students lack the motivation to pursue STEM careers due to their teachers’ limited experience and low efficacy in teaching science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Teachers’ perceptions are central to efficient STEM education; however, little is known about the perceptions of teachers toward STEM education in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study attempted to identify the perceptions of secondary stage science teachers toward STEM education and their knowledge about the requirements for its implementation. The study also investigated whether there were statistically significant differences that could be attributed to teachers’ qualifications, years of experience, and specialization variables. A questionnaire was applied to 175 in-service science teachers. The results showed that the secondary stage science teachers had a medium level of positive perceptions toward STEM education and a high level of knowledge about the requirements for its implementation. It was also revealed that there were statistically significant differences in teachers’ perceptions due to their qualifications and years of experience, in favor of teachers with graduate degrees and with more years of experience, while there were no statistically significant differences due to teachers’ specialization. Based on the findings of this study, a number of recommendations on improving science teachers’ knowledge of STEM education and the requirements for its implementation are provided.

Syphilitic Stomatitis: Raising Awareness on an Often-Overlooked Presentation of Secondary Syphilis.

Syphilis is a resurgent infection with increasing prevalence, and its manifestations in the secondary stage of the disease are general and non-specific, being able to affect every organ system.The oral mucosa may be involved at any stage of the disease and the tongue, often a neglected organ, can be particularly affected and should be routinely observed.The internist, integrating a cornerstone speciality able to manage and diagnose systemic diseases, must be aware of the individual aspects of the physical examination, notably the appreciation and interpretation of each clue and sign found.

Why do you not show us the outside of the school? Opportunities and limitation to conduct outdoor activities in physical education

ABSTRACT This study sought to determine the preferences, barriers, and resources that active Andalusian Physical Education teachers (Primary and Secondary) have about conducting outdoor education (OE) as well as the main limitations teachers currently encounter in performing outdoor education. Also, to analyse whether the environment, school context, and size of the school facilitate or hinder the inclusion of OE. A total of 413 teachers (age: 42.31 ± 8.62 years) joined in this research. The questionnaire ‘Diagnóstico de las actividades físicas en el medio natural en el ámbito escolar’ (DAFNE) was used. Our results showed significant differences in relation to primary and Secondary educational stages. Regarding public and private school, the size of the school, as well as the number of inhabitant where the school is situated, significant differences were found. School context, environment, size of the school and educational stage could have an influence to include OE in physical education sessions.

Mobility and environmental impact of cadmium (Cd) during weathering of carbonaceous black shales in western Hunan, China

Carbonaceous black shale generally contains high concentration of Cd, with weathering leading to Cd release to environment. In this study, the mobility of Cd during weathering was quantified using geochemical assessment on black shale from western Hunan, China. Results suggested that Cd was heterogeneously distributed in shale profiles with concentrations ranging from 0.16 to 109.9 (mg/kg). Cd distribution was heterogeneous resulting from the parent shale inheritance and the mobility of Cd during weathering. Black shales weathered to a moderate degree with Cd mobility characterized by both enrichment in and release from weathered shales. Cd enrichment in weathered shales resulted from the re-enrichment of Cd in secondary minerals formed during the initial stage of carbonate (and phosphorite) dissolution, and the secondary stage of sulfide oxidation. The release of Cd was caused by decomposition of the secondary Cd-bearing minerals. Cadmium was extensively released during pedogenesis, and Cd release mass flux was estimated to range from 1.26 to 9.50 (g/m2) with a mean of 6.60 g/m2. Thus, black shale weathering may lead to the releasing of large amount of Cd resulting in Cd contamination to local environments.

Effect of Virtual Lab-Enabled Active Learning Method on Academic Achievement of Secondary Stage Students in Physics

Effect of Virtual Lab-Enabled Active Learning Method on Academic Achievement of Secondary Stage Students in Physics

Thermal Effect of Probes Present in a Pharmaceutical Formulation during Freeze-Drying Measured by Contact-Free Infrared Thermography

A high-resolution infrared (IR) camera was used for temperature measurements in a pharmaceutical formulation (mannitol/sucrose solution, 4:1%, m/m) during a freeze-drying process. The temperature was measured simultaneously at the surface as well as vertically (e.g., in-depth) along the side of custom-made cuvettes equipped with a germanium (Ge) window. Direct imaging during 45 h from −40 °C to 40 °C took place every 60 s on the surface and on the side with 0.28 × 0.28 mm per IR-pixel providing 2700 thermograms. The spatial resolution per cuvette was approximately 4225 pixels for the surface view (without a probe) and 6825 IR-pixels for the side view. Temperature effects and gradients due to the presence of a Pt100 and a LyoRx-probe in the pharmaceutical formulation were clearly visible and were quantified during the freezing step as well as the primary and secondary drying stages. The temperature was about 3.5 K higher during primary drying as compared to the temperature measured in the same material in adjacent cuvettes without probes. During secondary drying, evaporative cooling of upper layers was clearly visible.

Single-cell profiling reveals transcriptome dynamics during bovine oocyte growth

BackgroundMammalian follicle development is characterized by extensive changes in morphology, endocrine responsiveness, and function, providing the optimum environment for oocyte growth, development, and resumption of meiosis. In cattle, the first signs of transcription activation in the oocyte are observed in the secondary follicle, later than during mouse and human oogenesis. While many studies have generated extensive datasets characterizing gene expression in bovine oocytes, they are mostly limited to the analysis of fully grown and matured oocytes. The aim of the present study was to apply single-cell RNA sequencing to interrogate the transcriptome of the growing bovine oocyte from the secondary follicle stage through to the mid-antral follicle stage.ResultsSingle-cell RNA-seq libraries were generated from oocytes of known diameters (< 60 to > 120 μm), and datasets were binned into non-overlapping size groups for downstream analysis. Combining the results of weighted gene co-expression network and Trendy analyses, and differently expressed genes (DEGs) between size groups, we identified a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation and an increase in maternal -genes and transcription regulators across the bovine oocyte growth phase. In addition, around 5,000 genes did not change in expression, revealing a cohort of stable genes. An interesting switch in gene expression profile was noted in oocytes greater than 100 μm in diameter, when the expression of genes related to cytoplasmic activities was replaced by genes related to nuclear activities (e.g., chromosome segregation). The highest number of DEGs were detected in the comparison of oocytes 100–109 versus 110–119 μm in diameter, revealing a profound change in the molecular profile of oocytes at the end of their growth phase.ConclusionsThe current study provides a unique dataset of the key genes and pathways characteristic of each stage of oocyte development, contributing an important resource for a greater understanding of bovine oogenesis.

Regular use of fish oil supplements and course of cardiovascular diseases: prospective cohort study

ObjectiveTo examine the effects of fish oil supplements on the clinical course of cardiovascular disease, from a healthy state to atrial fibrillation, major adverse cardiovascular events, and subsequently death.DesignProspective cohort...

The Vascularized Omentum Lymph Node Transfer - A Key Point in the Lymphedema Management.

Background: As an increased number of women beat breast cancer worldwide, the breast cancer related lymphedema has gained more attention recently. The vascularized omentum lymph node transfer has been approached as an useful tool for advanced and recurrent cases. The purpose of the paper is to emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of this method. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study consists of 17 patients known with breast cancer related lymphedema who received vascularized omentum lymph node transfer. Data was recorded between January 2022 and January 2023. Patients diagnosed with secondary lymphedema stage II or III, unresponsive to previous microsurgical lymphovenous bypass were included. Results: The most prevalent affected site was the left upper limb (59%), where edema was mainly identified in the forearm (75%). Nevertheless, more than half of the subjects have previously received lymphaticovenous anastomosis. The correlation between the stage of lymphedema and the postoperative reduction of the volume of the affected limb was -0.26, the slope to reached -0.33, with an intercept value of 2.64. The follow-up period showed reduced upper limb volume and an improved quality of life. Conclusion: Through an experienced hand, this versatile flap brings hope to breast cancer survivors with lymphedema.

Secondary syphilis presenting with alopecia and leukoderma in a stable HIV-positive patient in a resource-limited setting: a case report

BackgroundSyphilis is an infection caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum. It is mainly transmitted through oral, vaginal and anal sex, in pregnancy and through blood transfusion. Syphilis develops in primary, secondary, latent and tertiary stages and presents with different clinical features at each stage. Infected patients can remain asymptomatic for several years and, without treatment, can, in extreme cases, manifest as damage in several organs and tissues, including the brain, nervous tissue, eyes, ear and soft tissues. In countries with a high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden, syphilis increases the risk of HIV infections. We report the case of a young HIV-positive black woman who presented with alopecia and hypopigmentation as features of secondary syphilis.Case presentationA virologically suppressed 29-year-old woman on Anti-retroviral Therapy (ART) presented with a short history of generalized hair loss associated with a non-itchy maculopapular rash and skin depigmentation on the feet. Limited laboratory testing confirmed a diagnosis of secondary syphilis. She was treated with Benzathine Penicillin 2.4MU. After receiving three doses of the recommended treatment, the presenting features cleared, and the patient recovered fully.ConclusionThis case demonstrates the importance of a high index of clinical suspicion and testing for syphilis in patients presenting with atypical clinical features of secondary syphilis, such as hair loss and hypopigmentation. It also highlights the challenges in diagnosing and clinically managing syphilis in a resource-limited setting.

Using Edutainment in Teaching Novel to Develop Secondary Stage Students’ Creative Reading Skills.

Using Edutainment in Teaching Novel to Develop Secondary Stage Students’ Creative Reading Skills.

A STUDY ON SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE OF SECONDARY STUDENTS IN INDIA: REVIEW ANALYSIS

Social intelligence is “the capacity to comprehend and manage men, women, boys, and girls, as well as to act wisely in human relations” (1920). It can be defined as the ability of an individual to deal with new situations involving the relationships between members of a group in an efficient manner, according to Drever (1964). The years 13 to 18 make up adolescence. The quick changes that occur in adolescent kids' physical, emotional, and social lives provide a variety of difficulties. Students learn to adapt to society during their youth and can ready themselves to socialize in accordance with societal demands. Social intelligence develops further by means from the secondary stage. Students are encouraged to purchase additional items to live a life that conforms to society by the impact of their school environment and surrounding areas. The adolescent phase, which is important in terms of social intelligence, corresponds with secondary education.

Methylation of microRNA genes and its effect on secondary xylem development of stem in poplar.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and DNA methylation are both vital regulators of gene expression. DNA methylation can affect the transcription of miRNAs, just like coding genes, through methylating the CpG islands in the gene regions of miRNAs. Although previous studies have shown that DNA methylation and miRNAs can each be involved in the process of wood formation, the relationship between the two has been relatively little studied in plant wood formation. Studies have shown that the second internode (IN2) (from top to bottom) of 3-month-old poplar trees can represent the primary stage of poplar stem development and IN8 can represent the secondary stage. There were also significant differences in DNA methylation patterns and miRNA expression patterns obtained from PS and SS. In this study, we first interactively analyzed methylation and miRNA sequencing data to identify 43 differentially expressed miRNAs regulated by differential methylation from the primary stage and secondary stage, which were found to be involved in multiple biological processes related to wood formation by enrichment analysis. In addition, six miRNA/target gene modules were finally identified as potentially involved in secondary xylem development of poplar stems through degradome sequencing and functional analysis. In conclusion, this study provides important reference information on the mechanism of interaction between different regulatory pathways of wood formation.