Secondary Sources Of Information Research Articles

Women Entrepreneurs and Stand-up India Scheme in Punjab: A critical review

The study of financial inclusion has always been important for our country’s government and central bank, and it has now become even more important in light of the impact of a recession-like situation prevailing in the country. The need of the hour is to have a deeply embedded financial system that not only aids in the fight against recession but also ensures the successful operation of the nation’s financial system which is heavily reliant on the active participation of every sector of the economy. To achieve the aim of financial inclusion, the Stand-up India scheme for both women and ST/ SC entrepreneurs was launched by the government of India. The issue of the government’s responsibility for ensuring that women entrepreneurs have access to an entrepreneurial environment is of great importance. To make this scheme truly beneficial for women entrepreneurs, it should be the primary focus area for the government. This paper aims to analyze the Stand-Up India scheme from a gender perspective. The study aims to assess the Stand-Up India scheme in detail with reference to the benefits that the women entrepreneurs will get from it and to study the impact of the stand up scheme on the upliftment of women beneficiaries in Punjab. For this study, both primary and secondary sources of information have been used.

Absolute globalization: The way to confront the global challenges

The world is currently confronted with multidimensional challenges which are cause of concern for the earth’s all living creations. The most remarkable challenges are global warming and global climate changes, tremendous poverty, environment pollution, warfare, antibiotic resistance, migration problems, and the spread of contagious and deadly diseases etc. The adverse effects of these are very devastating. They will affect hydrology and biology of earth, everything including economy, eco-system, and the substances. The challenging factors are interconnected, and acceleration and minimization are interlinked. The study is to analysis the challenges the world is currently confronting with and their potential impacts, the reasons behind the challenges and the potential way to overcome the challenges. The study is based on secondary sources of data and information including scientific and academic journals, articles, research papers, books, and other relevant sources to make a deep analysis, interpretation and re-interpretation and describe and explain the issue of this proposed study. The study recommends ‘Absolute Globalization,’ an integration of global economic, education, political, and social institutions where regionalism will be the cornerstone of the integration, as the way to confront the challenges.

Differential Impact Analysis for Climate Change Adaptation: A Case Study from Nepal

Following a case study, community adaptation plans are a bottom-up approach that focus on increasing climate-vulnerable communities’ engagement in local adaptation planning and policy design, prioritization, and implementation in Nepal. This paper explains how Community-Based Adaptation Action Plan (CAPA) groups are being studied to assess the climate vulnerability of the local socio-ecosystem and to develop community-level adaptation measures. However, there is insufficient research to differentiate local vulnerabilities caused by climate change. This paper, therefore, examines climate change vulnerability with respect to community vulnerability and potential adaptation measures to increase community resilience and adaptive capacity through CAPAs. The study compares differences by gender, caste/ethnicity, and wealth in relation to specific climate-related hazards (exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity) of communities. The study draws on secondary sources of information along with field observations, 73 household interviews, 13 key-informant interviews, consultations, and 9 interactive meetings in 3 districts of Nepal. Differential impact analysis refers to the exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity of local socio-ecological systems. In addition, multivariate analysis was conducted using the Canoco program to analyze the role of actors with respect to climate vulnerability. The results conclude that the degree of vulnerability varies widely at the household level and is strongly influenced by socio-economic characteristics such as gender, caste/ethnicity, and wealth. Immediate and focused attention is needed to improve access to government resources for vulnerable households, requiring positive support from decision makers. Equally important is improving the chain of communication, which includes information, skills, knowledge, capacity, and institutional arrangements. Analysis of the differential vulnerability and the adaptive capacity of a vulnerable community is more appropriate for the design of local adaptation plans. Therefore, the study suggests that engagement of local partners, including local authorities, in addressing vulnerability and adaptation is required to confront the social process, new institutional arrangements, local adaptation, and capacity-building with technical solutions.

Conflict Potential of the Rohingya People in Bangladesh and Beyond

The article addresses how Myanmar's Rohingya conflict could generate a potential for conflict within the borders of Bangladesh and beyond. The conflict in Myanmar due to the Rohingyas being deprived of their national citizenship had led to the mass exodus in 2017 to Bangladeshi land and the subsequent conflict in the host place. It was referred to various situations, including disputes, killing, abduction, and tensions between the refuges and host people. Based on existing theories of ‘exporting conflict’ such as displacing conflict and spill over effect of ethnic conflict, the article attempted to show how the Rohingya conflict originated in Myanmar lead to serious conflicts taking place in Bangladesh. The theoretical basis proposed in the article had been supported with reliable secondary sources of information and published expert opinions on the contemporary situation of the temporary Rohingya settlements in Bangladesh with regards to their sheltering, refugee management, and progress towards their repatriation process to Myanmar. The article argued that Myanmar's civil conflict had spilled over into Bangladesh's borders due to a sequence of events starting from when Myanmar's civil conflict erupted from its National Citizenship Act. Findings suggest that the Myanmar conflict has been displaced to Bangladesh through many refugee settlements that puts Bangladesh's population in midst of a host of issues concerning livelihood, safety, and security. This has been done while touching upon Bangladesh's position as a host country to millions of Rohingya refugees and shouldering issues already stemming from the temporary shelter of Rohingya people within its borders.

Circular Economy in Infographics

Abstract The circular economy is currently being regarded as a solution to an environmental crisis that is as severe as the epidemic, but is less apparent to the general public. For anyone interested in learning more about the circular economy and its application areas, there is a wealth of knowledge available in both specialist and secondary information sources. The purpose of our investigation is to identify the most important characteristics of the circular economy as they are presented to the public in different parts of the globe. We decided on the infographic analysis as a solution for this. They communicate their message in a succinct manner, yet they have a significant influence on the audience. Do these communications have an impact on how people perceive the domain? This is the question that our investigation seeks to address. We conducted a study of the literature in order to provide clarity. This demonstrated to us the fundamental qualities of the circular economy, as well as the specificities of the application sector in question. In order to examine the literature, we make use of VOSviewer. This is a software program that allows you to create and examine bibliometric networks. Our research team has used it to create networks of cooccurrence pricing of relevant phrases that were pulled out of a corpus of scientific literature using the text extraction feature of the software. Our results enabled us to draw attention to the unique characteristics of the circular economy, as well as the message that each country and region of application sends to its target audience. The findings of research may also be utilized to develop compelling messages that can be delivered in various regions of the globe.

TERRORIST FINANCING: A STUDY ON EXTREMIST GROUPS OF BANGLADESH

Terrorist groups maintain their finances from different sources which is difficult to track. In various studies it came out that individuals, organizations donate money to terror outfit. These sources of financing were not easily traceable. Due to technological advances, it has become very easy to send money without exposing the sources. However, governments have taken various measures to halt these sources. Despite their efforts it seems quite impossible to trace some sources. This paper investigate secondary sources of information to study financing the extremist groups in Bangladesh. It has been found that, individuals, some NGOs, organizations were held responsible for financing such groups. It is also came out that, due to lack of evidences it is not possible to take any measures against those sources. Besides, individuals donate money from their earning to terrorist groups which is not easily identifiable.

An Introduction of Gorkha Museum: A Collection of Ancient Treasure

This article gives a detailed introduction to Gorkha Museum. It has been developed based on the Museum’s monumental and historical treasures stored and exhibited. The narratives from the Chief and the staff of Gorkha Museum helped the author give the Museum’s details. Secondary sources of information have been utilized to develop this write-up. The main aim of this article is to shed light on Gorkha Museum. The readers can get detailed information on the treasures exhibited at the Museum. Gorkha Museum has a collection of historical documents, colophons, oil portraits, traditional musical instruments, weapons, Chaityas, utensils and other sources immensely valuable for providing information and knowledge required in the field of politics, religion, culture, art, literature and architecture of Gorkha from ancient to the modern. Moreover, documents exhibited at the Museum reflect both internal and foreign relations during the Shah rulers (from Dravya Shah to Prithvi Narayan Shah). The Museum, thus, is worth visiting for research scholars, academics and politicians too for enhancing their knowledge of the then Gorkha as a whole.

OPTIMALISASI PELAYANAN UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN GOOD GOVERNANCE DI MAL PELAYANAN PUBLIK MINI KECAMATAN SUKODONO KABUPATEN SIDOARJO

This study aims to find out how to optimize public services at the Sukodono District Mini Public Service Mall. In order to realize good governance and realize the public's desire for quality services. The method used in this study is a qualitative method, with a descriptive type. The location of this research was conducted at the Mini Public Service Mall, Sukodono District, Sidoarjo Regency. Which is the only District-based Mini Public Service Mall in Indonesia. Then, data collection techniques were carried out by means of in-depth interviews with informants such as staff, civil servants and superiors, field observations, activity documentation, and the use of written documents as other or secondary sources of information in this study. Furthermore, the data analysis technique is by means of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions.
 Through this research, researchers focused on quality service indicators put forward by Zeithaml, Berry and Parasuraman. Overall, the Sukodono District government has provided very good service to the community, but in terms of infrastructure, sometimes there are still obstacles from external parties, such as the lack of stock of e-KTP blanks and an error e-KTP recording system. Then socialization regarding services at the Mini Sukodono Public Service Mall has not been evenly distributed so that not many people can benefit from the service.

IMPLEMENTASI APLIKASI E-SURAT DI DINAS KEPENDUDUKAN DAN PENCATATAN SIPIL KOTA SURABAYA

This study aims to describe the use of the E-Letter application in the implementation of an online disposition system in the Department of Population and Civil Registration of the City of Surabaya. In supporting the use of digital-based bureaucracy in the City of Surabaya. The method used in this study is a qualitative method, with a descriptive type. The location of this research was carried out at institutions that use the E-Letter application in carrying out online dispositions and also the automation of the filing system carried out by the Surabaya City Population and Civil Registry Service. As the agency in charge of the population administration bureaucracy in the City of Surabaya. The determination of the informants used in this study was carried out by purposive sampling technique. Meanwhile, data collection techniques were carried out by means of in-depth interviews with informants such as staff, civil servants and superiors, field observations, documentation of activities when using the application directly, as well as the use of written documents as other or secondary sources of information in this study. Furthermore, the data analysis technique is by means of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Through this research, the researcher uses the research results to later be examined using the Implementation indicators from Edward III with the Disposition Indicators which need to experience a little improvement because they still have many negative factors such as a lack of competent people and are involved in this problem

SURROGATE MOTHERHOOD IN UKRAINE AND AROUND THE WORLD: LEGAL REGULATION & MANAGEMENT PRACTICE

This paper presents the results of theoretical and practical studies of surrogate motherhood in Ukraine and worldwide, its legal regulation, management practice, and prospects of development. It deals with a critical analysis of Ukrainian legislation concerning this subject. The methodology of the research consisted of primary and secondary sources of information. The authors collected primary data from semi-structured interviews with Ukrainians living in Poland, Ukraine, the United States, and several other countries. The interviews aimed to investigate the reasons for the growth of commercial surrogacy in Ukraine. The authors also scrutinized the attitudes of Ukrainians towards the flourishing of this phenomenon in their country. Secondary information the author took from sources such as the International Labour Organization (ILO), the United Nations (UN), and others. The paper also considers surrogacy maternity as a legal fiction and one of the rights of the fourth generation and discusses the links between surrogate pregnancy, exploitation, and human trafficking.

Protection of Traditional Knowledge and its Relevance to National Economic Growth and Development in Nigeria

Nigeria is a country that is richly blessed with abundance of natural resources, good vegetation and fertile soil for cultivation. The country also has diverse ethnic groups, culture and customs. This way of life of the people can be perceived in the activities, traditions and customs that have been handed down to them by their forefathers. Overtime, communities expanded and there was influx of people to the different communities in the country. These people become exposed to this way of life and they benefit from it individually and collectively. This information or knowledge acquired is generally utilized by others without the local or indigenous communities benefitting in any form from their cultural heritage. It is general knowledge that intellectual property protects the activities of the intellect or mental faculty. Could this traditional knowledge (TK) of the people require protection under intellectual property? Would it not be appropriate that these people are recognized as the custodians of the TK? Their consent sought before usage, and benefits arising thereof be given to them on prior agreed terms. This will further strengthen the economic system of the society. Doctrinal research method was used in this work, and reliance was placed on both primary and secondary source of information as the work discussed the need for protection of traditional knowledge (TK), the progress made so far and the challenges to providing proper legal and institutional framework for protection of TK.

Spiritual Response to COVID’19 Crises - Indian Vedic Perspecti

The present research is aimed at focusing on the impediments that have caused the present pandemic COVID’19 and the possible measures to overcome those impediments from the perspective of spirituality – Indian Vedic Perspectives. It is a mixed method study based on primary and secondary source of information using observation, discussion, and survey methods. A random sample opinion was raised using structured questionnaire on a five point scale in validating the findings as measures to coping with COVID crises. Mean, Standard Deviation, and Correlation measures were used. Majority of respondents (70% and above) have shown their agreement with a mean response of 4.14 on a five point scale about all the scriptural injunctions as measures to cope with COVID’19 crises. A moderate degree of positive association was found between spirituality as best means of recouping back from COVID crises and COVID’19 crises management based on Indian Vedic Scriptural Injunctions. Findings state that the path of perfection gives the strength of life to conquer any kind of material problem whether it is an economic or non-economic in nature. Spirituality can help us to overcome COVID crises as it is the most auspicious thing on this planet of earth. It can be presumed that the spirituality is one of the best ways of managing the COVID crises.

Mitigating radicalism amongst Islamic college students in Indonesia through religious nationalism

Radicalism has the potential to become more widespread in a younger generation of Muslims who are too textual, exclusive, extreme and uncritical. Their ethos of struggle has created a momentum to contest radical ideologies of Islamic radicals. This study investigates the potential for the radicalisation of Islamic students in Indonesia and formulates an approach of integrating national and religious values to mitigate the potential for radicalism. A qualitative research approach is used, and data were collected by distributing questionnaires to Indonesian Islamic student activists. Interviews were also conducted with experts to strengthen secondary sources of information. The results show that the potential for Islamic student to be exposed to radical activists is high. Through categorisation, interpretation and analysis, it was found that the concepts and spread of radicalism were more influenced by religious interpretations than social tolerance factors. In addition, the religious nationalist approach is formulated based on religious terminology and religious narratives.Contribution: This research contributes by assisting colleges’ efforts in building a detection system and mitigating the risk of student radicalism through a religious nationalist approach.

Political Instability and Insecurity in Africa: Implications for African Union Agenda 2063

The idea of the transformation of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) to the African Union (AU) in 1999, by African Heads of State and governments, was to accelerate the processes of regional economic integration in the continent. Thus, the AU came into being to enable the continent to play a significant role in global economic affairs, while addressing other multifaceted social, economic, and political problems that tend to hinder progress in the continent. However, after more than two decades of its transformation, and despite the adoption of Agenda 2063 which aims to accelerate economic progress in Africa, the continent remains at a crossroads in its struggle to grapple with the challenges of achieving its core objectives. Drawing data largely from secondary sources of information, the paper attempted a critical examination of the political instability and insecurity across many African states, especially as the continent strives towards achieving economic progress through the framework of Agenda 2063, and found out that political instability and insecurity are fundamental challenges standing against the actualization of the Agenda’s objectives. The paper, therefore, concluded that unless these challenges are mitigated, the Agenda 2063 will remain nothing but a document that cannot be actualized because the peace and security required to attend such an enviable feat is seriously in breach in a majority of the states of the Union. The paper recommended the entrenchment of democratic culture and constitutionalism as well as strengthening of existing institutions of governance as the first step towards achieving the desired peace and security that will ensure the economic progress of the continent.

Avifauna associated with two fragments of tropical dry forest located near airports in La Guajira – Colombia

Introduction: In Colombian territory, some aerodromes are close to natural areas, of which there is no information on their biodiversity. This research recorded the avifauna of two Tropical Dry Forests (TDF) near airports, becoming the first work of its kind in Colombia. Objective: to establish an approximation of the avifauna and the conservation status present in TDF fragments near the airports in La Guajira - Colombia. Materials and methods: linear transects were carried out in the TDF close to the Jorge Isaacs and Almirante Padilla airports, in addition, their avifauna was compared with that reported in two TDF of La Guajira, these were: Rancherias Itaka and Alto Pine (secondary source of information). The degree of similarity between the four TDF was determined by Jaccard's coefficient. Results: In the TDF of the Jorge Isaacs airport, a total of 45 species were reported and for the Almirante Padilla airport, 34 species. Little affinity was obtained between the birds of the TDF de las Rancherias and the Almirante Padilla with the Jorge Isaacs, which could be related to the presence of human settlements near these forests, observing Hemisynanthropic birds. In the Jorge Isaacs, the environmental pressure was limited to that exerted by aeronautical activities, therefore, Anisanthropic species were recorded, which would indicate the maintenance of the vegetation cover. Conclusion: The TDF near airports in La Guajira represent important sites for bird conservation, for this reason, it is necessary to continue studying them and seek strategies that guarantee their conservation.

Towards a specialised digital monolingual Igbo dictionary on crop cultivation

The monolingual dictionary as an essential language compendium preserved culture specific ideas. In a technologically driven society where visual platform enhanced comprehension, monolingual dictionary presents careful and detailed information on the usage patterns of a given language. This promotes longevity of historic peculiarities for generational connect. Yet, there is a dearth of such dictionaries in the Igbo language. Therefore, this study sets to explore an e- monolingual dictionary model for the Igbo language on crop cultivation. Data were primarily sourced from field work whereas published literature and internet materials comprised the secondary sources of information. While the Function Theory of Lexicography was adopted for the pre-data compilation and presentation, the lexiquepro was used for the post compilation stage of the dictionary. This model avails researchers and learners the opportunity to globally access appropriate lexemes within the Igbo crop cultivation domain. Furthermore, Igbo children (at home and in diaspora) would have been provided with a visual platform to acquaint with specialised traditional Igbo farming practices, values and systems. Consequently, the longevity of the use of Igbo terms associated with traditional farming practices is revitalised among the younger ones. This study suggested that such platforms be provided for other areas of Igbo cultural practices such as pottery, health, blacksmithing, and performances to aid Translators, Terminologists and text writers appropriately convey their messages as well.

Strategies to Enhance Local Government Finance in Nigeria

This study adopted historical approach to political research and used secondary sources of information. This paper focuses on assessing financial challenges facing local governments in Nigeria. The study observed that insufficient allocation from the federation account, lack of effective revenue generation drive, mismanagement of funds, intrusion of the state government into local governments use of funds, amongst others are the major challenges confronting local governments. Nevertheless, if right strategies such as effective planning, accountability, transparency, curbing of financial mismanagement, sound business undertaking, increased fund allocation from federation account are adopted, local Government may be in better position to accelerate the pace of infrastructural development in Nigeria.

Scope and challenges of mushroom production and their mitigations in Nepal: A review

This review paper aims to discuss and compile information regarding various scopes, challenges, and mitigating measures of mushroom cultivation in Nepal. Overall information on mushroom cultivation comprising its status, scope, and problems is vital for bringing positive change in this sector. Different secondary sources of information were reviewed and analyzed including journals like Elsevier and Springer. In Nepal, the production of mushrooms has increased about 8.23 times over a decade until 2020. Nepal is blessed with a range of ecosystems that really are ideal for mushroom production. Different mushroom species have been commercially cultivated in different parts of Nepal. Mushroom production can be used as an alternative source to overcome food and nutrition security problems and eventually leads to the livelihood improvement of people in developing countries like Nepal. The study revealed that mushrooms can be used to fight several diseases with their nutritional and medicinal properties. The demand for mushrooms is increasing nowadays more than ever. With the implementation of various measures with proper coordination and planning, mushroom cultivation can be proliferated. As a result, the mushroom industry has a lot of potentials to help the country's socioeconomic transition. Nepal can capitalize on this opportunity by enacting appropriate and concrete national mushroom policies and programs.

Food Security Status at different Levels and Opportunities for Course Correction in Odisha State of India

This paper reflects the status of food security at different levels – global, country (India), and state (Odisha) based on the secondary sources of data and information. It tries to find out feasible and sustainable measures to ensure food security for all at the country and state level. Also, the paper diagnoses the relationship between food security and sustainable agriculture, exclusively. Our learning is that despite sustained economic developments, poverty reduction and targeted policy efforts, there has not been substantial progress in reducing food insecurity and malnutrition over the last decade and at all levels in terms of comparable socio-economic indicators. Food-grain production has slowly gone up, but the rising population (at country and state level) has made per capita food-grain availability lower. The paradox of food insecurity could be in the inherent flaws in the existing policies and implementation bottlenecks together with the weak public distribution system (PDS) including lack of required infrastructure to safely store and distribute food grains. Hence, to ensure food security for all, strategically designed programs need to be implemented with a strong monitoring system, creation of required rural infrastructure (roads, transport, market, communication, cold storage, grain banks, etc.), strengthening PDS, controlling rapid population growth, ensuring education for all etc.; besides developing and implementing precision agriculture technologies.

The Legal Framework for Combating Gas Flaring in Nigeria’s Oil and Gas Industry: Can It Promote Sustainable Energy Security?

Gas flaring is a global problem affecting oil-producing countries. The Nigerian petroleum industry is not an exemption. Gas flaring is responsible for the emission of greenhouse gas, depletion of the ozone layer, global warming, and climate change. The study aims to offer legal panaceas to the menace of gas flaring, which has affected Nigeria’s economy. Many scholars have raised concerns and the need for discontinuance of gas flaring in Nigeria due to its adverse effect on oil-producing areas and human health. The study adopts a doctrinal legal research method, exploring both primary and secondary sources of information to achieve its aim. The study finds that weak enforcement of the existing anti-gas-flaring laws in Nigeria made some oil companies flare gas. The study designs a hybrid model or mechanism for combating the menace and advocates that defaulting companies should be made to pay dearly for violation of anti-gas-flaring laws to promote the commercialisation of fled gas. The study recommends stringent enforcement of the Petroleum Industry Act 2021 and advocates replication of the provisions of the anti-gas-flaring laws of other advanced climes, especially the selected case-study countries where gas flaring has been abated. The study further advocates the need for the use of sophisticated or advanced technologies in oil and gas operations. In conclusion, it is believed that if the government adopts and implements stringent laws, it would combat gas flaring in Nigeria.