Secondary Data Research Articles

Addressing COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Uptake Among African Immigrants: Lessons from a Community-Based Outreach Program.

In 2021, the African Cultural Alliance of North America (ACANA) implemented a community-based vaccine education and outreach program to decrease hesitancy and increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake among African immigrants in Philadelphia. The program had three components: (1) tailored messaging on the benefits of vaccines by trusted community health navigators in familiar languages/dialects, (2) use of educational/tabling events, and (3) establishment of a vaccine clinic in community settings. Using secondary data analysis, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and a self-administered survey, we explored (i) the impact and effectiveness of the outreach program and extent of vaccine uptake, (ii) African immigrants' beliefs about the COVID-19 pandemic and the vaccine, and (iii) barriers and facilitators of vaccine knowledge, uptake, and hesitancy.Our analysis showed that ACANA's outreach program was effective in addressing several cultural, logistic, and systematic barriers to vaccine uptake. The program distributed 2000 educational/informational flyers,reached 3000 community members via social media campaigns,and an additional2320 through other person-to-person outreach events.The programwas effective and resulted inthe vaccination of 1265 community members over the course of the outreach. The impact of this outreach underscores the critical role of community-based organizations in addressing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and increasing vaccine uptake in underserved and minority communities. The paper concludes with suggestions and recommendations for using community-based outreach programs to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake and decrease hesitancy.

Exploring the Dynamic Relationship: How Exchange Rates Drive Company Valuation through Foreign Portfolio Investments

This study aims to analyze the influence of economic growth and exchange rates on firm value with foreign portfolio investment as an intervening variable at PT Bank Central Asia Tbk. for the period 2011-2020. Quarterly secondary data from 2011-2020 were utilized. The data were then processed using EViews 11 Version analysis tool. The analysis employed descriptive statistics, linear tests, and classical assumption tests. Hypothesis testing was conducted using Partial Test (T-Test). The results of the partial test (T-Test) indicate that economic growth, exchange rates, and foreign portfolio investment insignificantly influence firm value. However, regarding the intervening variable, foreign portfolio investment does not mediate the influence of economic growth (GDP) on firm value, either directly or indirectly, and foreign portfolio investment also does not directly mediate the influence of exchange rates on firm value. Nonetheless, exchange rates directly affect foreign portfolio investment, thus reinforcing the relationship between exchange rates and firm value. Therefore, the fifth hypothesis is accepted.

Tobacco use and its associated factors among middle and old-aged women in India using LASI wave-1 data.

Despite a global decline in tobacco use reported by the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), India stands out for its high number of tobacco users. While research in India often focuses on tobacco use among young adults, there's a notable lack of studies addressing tobacco use among middle and old-aged women. However, the national prevalence of tobacco use among middle and old-aged (45 years and above) women in India is 18.2%. Thus, this study seeks to identify the factors influencing tobacco consumption among middle and old-aged women in the country. The study has utilized secondary data from Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) conducted in 2017-18. This study exclusively included a total of 38,180 middle and old-aged women who reported tobacco use. The analysis encompassed the utilization of Chi-square tests and Binary logistic regression to pinpoint the risk factors linked to tobacco use among middle and old-aged women. Our study reveals a heightened likelihood of tobacco use among middle and old-aged women residing in the northeastern region of India. The study underscores the imperative to direct targeted efforts toward middle and old-aged women who fall into specific categories, including those who are widowed, separated, or unmarried, individuals who consume alcohol, those with lower socioeconomic and educational standings, residents of rural areas, those living in solitude, individuals experiencing depressive symptoms, and those who self-report poor health. Given the heightened susceptibility of these demographic groups to tobacco use, it is crucial to prioritize tobacco prevention and cessation initiatives specifically tailored to their needs and circumstances.

A Relationship Analysis Between the Poverty Rate and the Regional Development Level in Kulon Progo Regency, Indonesia

This study aims to identify the level of poverty and the level of regional development, along with an analysis of the relationship and typology between the two, in Kulon Progo Regency. The analysis unit in this research was 12 subdistricts in Kulon Progo Regency. The method used in the research is descriptive quantitative, with secondary data analysis using factor analysis, natural breaks, Pearson Product Moment correlation test, alignment levels, regional typologies with scatter plot, and spatial analysis. Meanwhile, regional development policy recommendations are also prepared, based on the type of area resulting from the typology using a SWOT analysis. The results showed that there are variations in poverty and regional development levels. The correlation test between the poverty rate and three factors in the regional development rate showed a fairly strong negative relationship with input and output factors and a strong negative relationship with process factors, which means that the higher the poverty level, the lower the level of regional development, and vice versa. Meanwhile, regional development policy recommendations are prepared based on four quadrants of the resulting regions, namely Quadran I (developed regions), Quadran II (developing regions), and Quadran III and IV (underdeveloped regions).

Exploration of Emerging Trends and Paradigms in Leadership and Governance Research and Practice in Thailand

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the exploration of emerging trends and paradigms in leadership and governance research and practice
 Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
 Findings: Emerging trends in Thai leadership and governance highlight a shift towards inclusive decision-making, ethical frameworks, and digital engagement. Sustainability and environmental stewardship are gaining importance, reflecting global concerns. This dynamic landscape blends traditional values with evolving practices.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Transformational leadership theory, complexity leadership theory & adaptive governance theory may be used to anchor future studies on the exploration of emerging trends and paradigms in leadership and governance research and practice. Implementing leadership development programs based on evidence-based practices and theories of effective leadership Developing policies to enhance transparency and accountability in government institutions, such as open data initiatives or whistleblower protection laws.

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN BUDIDAYA IKAN DI KAMPUNG IWAK KELURAHAN MENTAOS KOTA BANJARBARU

The internal and external factors summarized can be the basis for determining a more focused strategy for developing fish cultivation in the Mentaos iwak village, Banjarbaru City, which has so far been untouched. The research aims to analyze the strategy for developing fish cultivation in Kampung Iwak Mentaos Village, Banjarbaru City. The research was carried out for 5 months, with data collection taking place in Kampung Iwak, Mentaos Village, Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan Province. The type of data in this research uses primary data and secondary data. The data analysis technique to answer the objective is to describe the profile of fish cultivation that has been carried out in the Kampung iwak Mentaos village, descriptive analysis is used, to formulate a strategy for developing fish cultivation in the Kampung iwak Mentaos village, SWOT analysis is used. The profile of fish cultivation that has been carried out in the Mentaos iwak village was founded in 1992. The age of the cultivators ranges from 35 years to >57 years. The area of Kampung Iwak Mentaos Village is ± 47 Ha / 476.1396 m2, quantitatively there are around 205 pond plots consisting of nursery ponds, enlargement ponds and mixed ponds (between nursery and enlargement). Pool area starts from 200m2 to >1000m2. Types of fish that are widely cultivated in iwak villages include tilapia, gourami, catfish and other freshwater fish. The strategy for developing fish cultivation in Kampung iwak, Mentaos village is based on quadrant < 1, which is a very profitable situation. The main strategy for fish cultivation in Kampung Iwak, Mentaos Village, Mentaos Subdistrict, is to become an area with a fisheries tourism attraction which is the basis of strength so that it can take advantage of existing opportunities.

KEBERHASILAN USAHA DITINJAU DARI BALANCE SCORECARD

This research aims to develop a system for measuring the organizational performance of real estate development companies based on the concept of Balance Scorecard (BSC) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) at PT. Meka Asia Property. This research is a type of quantitative research with a descriptive approach. This research uses primary data and secondary data with several data collection methods including interviews, questionnaires, literature studies and documentation. The research results show that PT. Meka Asia Properti has performed well. Judging from the average score obtained, it is 3.7 which is included in "Good Company Performance". From the AHP results, the weight of each perspective is 0.64 for the customer perspective which shows the highest priority, and than the internal business process perspective at 0.21, then the financial perspective with a weight of 0.11, then the last one is 0 .04 for the growth and learning perspective which has the lowest weight

The impact of family ownership on the relationship between the existence of the woman Board of Commissioners and firm performance

Purpose: The primary purpose of this study is to see the impact of the presence of a woman board of commissioners (WBoC) on firm performance (FP). In addition, this study looked at the effect of moderation of family ownership (FO) on the influence of WBoC on FP.Design/methodology/approach: This study used secondary data with a sample of all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2021. The study used a total of 788 observations. The data were analyzed using moderate regression analysis with unbalanced panel data.Findings: The results revealed that WBoC did not affect TQ and ROA. Empirical research shows that FO strengthens WBoC in increasing ROA and TQ.Research limitations/implications: In Indonesia, the portion of the representation of each company's woman board of commissioners is only one member on average at 78%. As many as 22% of companies with a board of commissioners are more or equal to 2 members.Practical implications: This study also serves as a guide for shareholders in selecting competent woman boards of commissioners for an effective supervisory system that drives the company's success.Originality/value: This study analyzes the impact of share ownership dominated by family companies on the relationship between the existence of a woman board of commissioners and firm performance. Therefore, this research is significant to understand the role of FO in helping women build leadership, gain recognition, and be empowered to improve firm performance.

IDENTIFIKASI FAKTOR PENYEBAB VARIATION ORDER TERHADAP BIAYA DAN WAKTU PADA PROYEK LAVAYA NUSA DUA-BALI

A construction project is a combination of cost, tools, and labor resources where in the process, the project owner works closely with contractors and suppliers to ensure that the project is of the right quality, time, and cost. In the process of implementing a construction project, of course, various problems will be found. One of the problems is Variation Order or less work. This study aims to find the factors that cause itVariation Order and impact Variation Order on project implementation both in terms of cost and implementation time in the Lavaya Nusa Dua-Bali Apartment project. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative, where the data used in this research is only secondary data. Based on the results of this study it can be seen that 87.5% of all VO that occurs is dominated by construction factors caused by party requests owner. In addition, the impact of VO work also affects costs and time, where the impact of VO on costs causes an additional cost of 1,194% from the initial contract value of IDR 108,569,930,859.70 to IDR 109,866,110,410.02. Furthermore, for the impact on time, which has no impact on the overall project completion time target but has a direct impact on the contractor for the duration of work handover which has been delayed for 38 working days, from the initial duration of 99 working days to 62 working days.

Impact of a research-action on vaccination indicators in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Analyze the impact of the state research-action project on immunization indicators (vaccination coverage - VC, homogeneity of vaccination coverage - HVC, dropout rate - DR, and risk rating) before and after the intervention in municipalities and priority Regional Health Administrations/Regional Health Superintendencies (RHA/RHS). The state research-action project was a before-after community clinical trial conducted in 212 municipalities belonging to eight RHA/RHS in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The study sample comprised RHA/RHS with a decreasing trend for routine vaccination coverage in children under one year from 2015 to 2020. This study used secondary VC and DR data from 10 immunobiologicals recommended for children younger than two years from January to December 2021 (pre-intervention period, prior to the state research-action project) and from January to December 2022 (post-intervention period). The categorical variables were presented in proportions, and initially, a comparison was made between those of DR, HVC, and the risk rating for the transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases, according to the two periods (2021 and 2022), using the McNemar test. All immunization indicators increased after conducting the research-action project. In 2021, 80.66% of the state's municipalities had a risk rating for the transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases as "high and very high." In 2022, the value reduced to 68.40%. Risk rating for the transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases is an important mechanism to assist managers in defining priorities. The state research-action project used a method that enabled the construction and execution of unique action plans for each municipality, directing the improvement of immunization indicators in the state.

Modeling Bank Financial Intermediation Functions: Theoretical and Empirical Evidence from Nigeria

This research examined the modeling of the financial intermediation functions of banks in Nigeria. The effectiveness of financial intermediation was determined by its impact on economic growth in Nigeria. Secondary time series data were collected to determine the association between variables. The study adopted an ex post facto research design and used ordinary least squares regression tests that reveal the predictive power of the model as well as the relative statistics of the short-term variables, while testing for the existence of a long-term equilibrium relationship, based on the multivariate cointegration technique performed. The results of the study suggest that there are both short-term and long-term relationships between financial intermediation and economic growth in Nigeria. Specifically, CBCPS has a positive relationship with GDP, while MS and MLR have a positive and significant relationship with GDP in the long run. The study recommends, inter alia, that monetary authorities, in particular the Central Bank of Nigeria, has to use measures to force banks to reduce their interest rates on loans. This will increase investment and enhance the overall performance of the economy's productive sectors.

The Adhesive Capsulitis Corticosteroid and Dilation (ACCorD) randomized controlled trial.

Is it feasible to conduct a definitive multicentre trial in community settings of corticosteroid injections (CSI) and hydrodilation (HD) compared to CSI for patients with frozen shoulder? An adequately powered definitive randomized controlled trial (RCT) delivered in primary care will inform clinicians and the public whether hydrodilation is a clinically and cost-effective intervention. In this study, prior to a full RCT, we propose a feasibility trial to evaluate recruitment and retention by patient and clinician willingness of randomization; rates of withdrawal, crossover and attrition; and feasibility of outcome data collection from routine primary and secondary care data. In the UK, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) advises that prompt early management of frozen shoulder is initiated in primary care settings with analgesia, physiotherapy, and joint injections; most people can be managed without an operation. Currently, there is variation in the type of joint injection: 1) CSI, thought to reduce the inflammation of the capsule reducing pain; and 2) HD, where a small volume of fluid is injected into the shoulder joint along with the steroid, aiming to stretch the capsule of the shoulder to improve pain, but also allowing greater movement. The creation of musculoskeletal hubs nationwide provides infrastructure for the early and effective management of frozen shoulder. This potentially reduces costs to individuals and the wider NHS perhaps negating the need for a secondary care referral. We will conduct a multicentre RCT comparing CSI and HD in combination with CSI alone. Patients aged 18 years and over with a clinical diagnosis of frozen shoulder will be randomized and blinded to receive either CSI and HD in combination, or CSI alone. Feasibility outcomes include the rate of randomization as a proportion of eligible patients and the ability to use routinely collected data for outcome evaluation. This study has involved patients and the public in the trial design, dissemination methods, and how to include groups who are underserved by research. We will disseminate findings among musculoskeletal clinicians via the British Orthopaedic Association, the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy, the Royal College of Radiologists, and the Royal College of General Practitioners. To ensure wide reach we will communicate findings through our established network of charities and organizations, in addition to preparing dissemination findings in Bangla and Urdu (commonly spoken languages in northeast London). If a full trial is shown to be feasible, we will seek additional National Institute for Health and Care Research funding for a definitive RCT. This definitive study will inform NICE guidelines for the management of frozen shoulder.

Environmental Assessment of Lithium-Ion Battery Lifecycle and of Their Use in Commercial Vehicles

Environmental Assessment of Lithium-Ion Battery Lifecycle and of Their Use in Commercial Vehicles

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Vitiligo Patient Visits in Tertiary Hospital: A Retrospective Study

Background: Vitiligo, a common depigmenting skin disorder, has an estimated prevalence of 0.5–2% of the population worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown measures significantly affected the readiness of vitiligo patients to contact dermatologists. The aim of this study is to describe vitiligo patient visits during a pandemic situation.
 Methods: A retrospective descriptive study, using secondary data obtained from Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang medical records during the period of 2019–2021.
 Results: During the pandemic (2020-2021), a total of 7 in 2020 and 19 in 2021 new vitiligo patient have been consulted. The ratio of male/female for two years was 16/10. The age of group 26-24 years had more frequently visited. A total 6 patients had segmental vitiligo and 16 patients had non segmental vitiligo. A total 4 patient had unstable vitiligo. During the pandemic, there were various vitiligo therapy such as oral and topical corticosteroid, topical immunomodulator, phototherapy, and punch grafting surgery. Compare to before the pandemic situation in 2019, a total 25 new vitiligo patient have been consulted in our outpatient clinic. Compared to 2019, the number of visits decrease significantly 72% in 2020 and 24% in 2021.
 Conclusion: The pandemic COVID-19 had an unprecedented impact on number of vitiligo patient visits to the tertiary hospitals. This condition may affect visits and patient compliance. There were significant reductions in the number of outpatient visits due to pandemic COVID-19.

Factors Affecting the Integrity of Financial Statements with Company Size as a Moderation Variable

This study aims to examine the effect of audit quality, audit committee, leverage, and independent commissioners on the integrity of financial statements in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2021. This study also examines whether company size can moderate the respective relationship between audit quality, audit committee, leverage, and independent commissioners on the integrity of financial statements. This study used a quantitative approach with a comparative causal type. The population in this study is all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2021. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The data used in this study is secondary data accessed through the IDX website. Data analysis uses multiple regression analysis for audit quality hypothesis, audit committee, leverage, and the independent commissioner as well as absolute difference value analysis for audit quality, audit committee, leverage, and independent commissioner on financial statement integrity with company size as a moderation variable. The results of this study show that the quality of audits, audit committees, leverage, and independent commissioners have a positive and significant effect on the integrity of financial statements. The moderation variable is the size of the company able to moderate the relationship between audit quality, audit committee, and leverage on the integrity of financial statements.

Conventional Fiscal Policy System and Islamic Economics in The Indonesian Economy

The economic crisis and political turmoil in the 1990s did not guarantee the strength of Indonesia's economic situation, therefore political and fiscal decentralization was initiated and Law No. 25 was passed in 1999. This research aims to understand conventional fiscal policy and Islamic economics in the Indonesian economy. This research method uses literature study through secondary data collection. The results of this research show that conventional fiscal policy has a stability function that aims to, among other things, maintain high employment opportunities, relatively stable price levels, and economic growth rates. This function shows the similarity of the functions and benefits of zakat, jizyah, khums, and kharaj in Islamic economic fiscal policy. If zakat, jizyah, khums, and kharaj are instruments of fiscal policy, the redistribution of income and wealth will take place, then the problem of poverty and economic growth can be reduced and will have a good impact on economic and political stability. According to experts, the concept of contractionary fiscal policy is reducing government spending so that the money supply can be reduced through income redistribution. This is in line with the aim of fiscal policy instruments in Islamic economics to improve the living standards of the poor by redistributing the income of the rich to the poor.

Engaging Communities in Cancer Prevention and Control Activity Prioritization through a Statewide Needs Assessment: A Case Study from Nebraska.

Community outreach and engagement (COE) activities are important in identifying catchment area needs, communicating these needs, and facilitating activities relevant to the population. The National Cancer Institute-designated cancer centers are required to conduct catchment-wide cancer needs assessments as part of their COE activities. The University of Nebraska Medical Center Buffett Cancer Center undertook a three-year-long process to conduct a needs assessment, identify priorities, and develop workgroups to implement cancer prevention and control activities. Activities were conducted through collaborations with internal and external partners. The needs assessment focused on prevention, early detection, and treatment of cancer and involved secondary data analysis and focus groups with identified underrepresented priority populations (rural, African American, Hispanic, Native American, and LGBTQ+ populations). Results were tailored and disseminated to specific audiences via internal and external reports, infographics, and presentations. Several workgroups were developed through meetings with the internal and external partners to address identified priorities. COE-specific initiatives and metrics have been incorporated into University of Nebraska Medical Center and Buffett Cancer Center strategic plans. True community engagement takes a focused effort and significant resources. A systemic and long-term approach is needed to develop trusted relationships between the COE team and its local communities.

Linking Entrepreneurship to Productivity: Using a Composite Indicator for Farm-Level Innovation in UK Agriculture with Secondary Data

In agriculture, the intricate relationship between innovation, productivity, and entrepreneurship is underexplored. Despite the widely recognized role of innovation in driving productivity, concrete indicators and comprehensive farm-level studies are lacking. This research aims to unravel this complexity by exploring the impact of innovation, specifically in agricultural entrepreneurship, on transformative changes in farm productivity. The work presented in this manuscript explores how farm-level data derived from the Farm Business Survey (FBS) for the period between 2003 and 2014 is used to identify innovators and to assesses changes in productivity, technical efficiency, and economic efficiency. Therefore, it aims to contribute to comprehensively exploring the role of innovation, particularly within the context of entrepreneurship in agriculture, and its influence on driving transformative changes in farm productivity. Results reveal significant productivity variation and a moderate overall improvement. Furthermore, investment in human resources, particularly managerial input, significantly enhances farm productivity across various models, indicating experienced managers utilize technology effectively. Notably, management and human capital innovation drive positive productivity changes in the UK cereal sector for the period 2003–2014, surpassing technological advancements. Efficient farmers leverage experience to benefit from operational scale changes, emphasizing the importance of accumulated knowledge. Hence, policy interventions should recognize these nuances; while promoting vocational training aids technology adoption, it may not spur management innovation. Thus, strategies must balance various aspects to effectively foster innovation in agriculture, considering both technological and managerial advancements for sustained productivity growth. The study advocates for a departure from the ‘bigger is better’ mentality, proposing educational programs and support services to encourage informed decision-making. This forward-looking approach aims to inform future policies and enhance understanding of the intricate dynamics between agricultural innovation, productivity, and entrepreneurship.

Pengaruh Live Streaming, Harga dan Personal Branding terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen Pengguna Aplikasi Tiktok

TikTok has become the most popular as a social media platform for making purchases. Tiktok is a very creative e-commerce feature to connect sellers, buyers and content creators to provide an exciting experience through live streaming. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. Data sources come from primary data and secondary data by distributing questionnaires. A total of 384 respondents were collected through distributing questionnaires to consumers using the Tiktok application in Palembang City, where the population is unknown using the Lemeshow formula. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis and multiple regression analysis using SPSS Version 27. The analysis used is a quantitative technique from the results of distributing questionnaires. The results of this research show that partially the variables live streaming, price and personal branding each have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions (prob < 0.000 < alpha = 0.05). Simultaneously, the variables live streaming, price and personal branding have a positive and significant effect on increasing purchasing decisions (prob < 0.000 < alpha = 0.05).Based on the results of correlation testing, live streaming, price and personal branding have a very strong and positive correlation with purchasing decisions. By determining live streaming, price and personal branding influence purchasing decisions by 64.3% and the remaining 35.7% of the influence on purchasing decisions is influenced by other variables outside of this research.

EVALUATION OF ANTIBIOTIC USE USING THE ATC/DD AND DU 90% METHODS IN OUTPATIENT PATIENTS IN PUSKESMAS RI TENAYAN RAYA

Infectious diseases are one of the health problem that threaten developing countries, including Indonesia. Riau as one of the provinces with its coastal coverage is not spared from this problem. Inaccurate use of antibiotics is found in the wider community, which can be a cause of negative risks such as antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics are drugs that are used to treat diseases caused by microbes. The improper use of antibiotics can lead to a risk of resistance. Resistance can be avoided using antibiotics. This study aimed to classify antibiotic use using ATC codes and determine the quantity of antibiotic use in outpatients by calculating the DDD. This research method was observational, with a descriptive design and retrospective data collection using secondary data by searching medical records. The sample in this study consisted of outpatients at the Tenayan Raya Inpatient Health Center Outpatient Installation between January and December 2022 who received antibiotic therapy with an ATC code and DDD value in accordance with the provisions of the WHO Collaborating Center, using a total sampling technique.The results of the study showed that based on the ATC/DDD and DU 90% methods, there were 3 antibiotics with the highest quantity of use, namely amoxicillin at 165,92 DDD/1000 KPRJ with a percentage of 67,02%, ciprofloxacin at 41,07 DDD/1000 KPRJ with a percentage of 16,59 %, and cefixime as much as 14,69 DDD/1000 KPRJ with a percentage of 5,93%. Keywords: antibiotics, ATC/DD, DU 90%, resistance