Secondary Data Research Articles

Sanitation and public health: space-temporal analysis of morbidity and mortality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution of waterborne and foodborne diseases in the health regions of Rio Grande do Sul and its correlation with sanitary and socioeconomic characteristics. It is an ecological study with multiple groups, using statewide secondary data from 2018 to 2021, considering the average hospitalization and mortality rates as dependent variables, and sanitary and socioeconomic indicators as independent variables. Spatial dependence was observed for morbidity and mortality, with lower values in the more developed regions of the state. Negative associations between hospitalization and mortality rates were common with total water supply, sewage, and coverage of household solid waste collection services. A positive association was found between hospitalization rates and the Gini coefficient. The high morbidity and mortality in specific regions, in conjunction with sanitary and socioeconomic indicators, highlight priority areas for public policies ensuring the right to water and sanitation for the people of Rio Grande do Sul.

Nutrition and Dietetics Professionals Sustainable Food Systems Knowledge Seeking Behaviour

ABSTRACT Sustainable food system (SFS) competence is a new and recognized knowledge area for nutrition and dietetics professionals (NDP). This research seeks to describe the SFS knowledge seeking behavior of NDP. Secondary data analysis of 231 anonymous self-assessments collected between September 2020 to December 2021 indicate a high proportion (41%) of self-assessed “beginners” in this topic at a mixture of career stages. There was a preference for learning about topics that already have significant public attention globally. More advanced practitioners sought more applied information. These results are informative for updating education and professional development tools for NDP.

EXPLORING THE SIGNIFICANCE AND CONTRIBUTION OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION & TRAINING IN MEETING THE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT NEEDS IN CHINA


 
 
 
 Education is widely recognized as one of the most invaluable assets in the world. Educational attainment is categorized into diplomas, bachelor’s degrees, and graduate studies. From the standpoint of stakeholders, the competencies necessary for individuals graduating with varying levels of education have been cultivated. Vocational training encompasses educational programs or courses explicitly targeting acquiring the required skills for a specific job role or industry. On the contrary, vocational education emphasizes equipping students with the necessary skills and knowledge for occupations, often at the expense of traditional, unrelated academic subjects. The primary objective of this research is to examine the role of vocational education and training in China and its impact on the country’s industrial advancement. Researchers will employ qualitative methodologies to interview pertinent stakeholders, encompassing graduates of vocational education institutions, administrative staff, and lecturers. They will also use additional secondary data about vocational education and training in China. Education is widely recognized as one of the most invaluable assets in the world. Educational attainment is categorized into diplomas, bachelor's degrees, and graduate studies. From the standpoint of stakeholders, the competencies necessary for individuals graduating with varying levels of education have been cultivated. Vocational training encompasses educational programs or courses targeting acquiring skills essential for a specific job role or industry. On the contrary, vocational education emphasizes equipping students with the vital skills and knowledge required for occupations, often at the expense of traditional, unrelated academic subjects. The primary objective of this research is to examine the role of vocational education and training in China and its impact on the country's industrial advancement. Researchers will employ qualitative methodologies to interview pertinent stakeholders, encompassing graduates of vocational education institutions, administrative staff, and lecturers. They will also use additional secondary data about vocational education and training in China.
 
 
 

Comparative Review of Stunting Prevalence Rates in Banten Province, Causal Factors and Preventive-Curative Measures

This research is important because it has a novel to stunting intervention through a family approach. The research also answers previous researchers' expectations regarding the scarcity of research on stunting with a family approach. This research is a cross-sectional study conducted in March-May 2023 using secondary data processed from the 2021 Family Data Collection (PK21) data which is then carried out with a descriptive analysis. Banten Province has a number of families at risk of stunting, one-third of the total families in the province. Namely, 2,658,505 families were recorded and 885,301 families at risk of stunting. In sequence the number of families at risk of stunting in regencies and cities in Banten Province from the largest to the smallest is Cilegon City 219,973 families, Serang City 143,187 families, Tangerang City 118,273 families, South Tangerang City 126,800 families, Pandeglang Regency 115,807 families, Lebak Regency 74,313 families, Serang District 52,204 families and Tangerang District 43,744 families. This study concludes that Serang City, South Tangerang City and Pandeglang Regency are 3 districts/cities that have data on families at risk of stunting exceeding families that are not at risk of stunting in these districts/cities. Lebak, Pandeglang and Serang Regencies which border the Indian Ocean have the dominant factor causing stunting from the sanitation aspect. This study concluded that three times the number of family assistance staff from families at risk of stunting is needed in the context of stunting eradication and stunting prevention in the future.

A Study on Indigo Airlines in India – Managing Mergers with Others

This study delves into the dynamics of mergers within the context of Indigo Airlines, a prominent player in the Indian aviation industry. In recent years, Indigo Airlines has been actively involved in strategic mergers aimed at expanding its market share and enhancing operational efficiency. Through an analysis of primary and secondary data sources, this research investigates the strategies employed by Indigo Airlines to manage mergers with other entities. The study explores the motivations driving Indigo Airlines towards mergers, examining factors such as market expansion, fleet enhancement, route optimization, and competitive positioning. Additionally, it scrutinizes the challenges inherent in merging with other airlines, including regulatory hurdles, cultural integration, operational harmonization, and stakeholder management. Furthermore, the research evaluates the impact of mergers on Indigo Airlines’ financial performance, customer satisfaction, and market competitiveness.

Seedling survival and plantation success in the drylands of Northern Ethiopia

We studied tree seedling survival rates and plantation success of the Growth and Transformation Plan I—GTP I (2011–2015) in the drylands of Northern Ethiopia. The study was carried out in six randomly selected districts of Tigrai region that represent three agro-ecological zones: the highland, midland and lowland. A biophysical survey was conducted to assess the survival rates of tree seedlings and the success rate of the plantation interventions. The study employed both primary and secondary data sources. Results revealed that there were variations (P < 0.05) in the survival of planted tree seedlings among plantation sites of the same village, between the villages of the same district and among the districts. The regional mean survival rate of planted tree seedlings was 53%. The planting interventions were not encouraging due to lack of pre- and post-planting management, moisture stress, poor soil and site conditions, planting an unmanageable number of seedlings, weak law enforcement and lack of proper monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. In the study areas, four types of ownership were identified: private, communal, state and youth groups. Among the ownership types, private ownership had the highest rate of success, whereas community ownership had the lowest rate. For sustaining successful plantation development, watering, pre- and post-planting management of planted tree seedlings and permanent employment of guards are important.

Neural correlates of the addictions neuroclinical assessment (ANA) incentive salience factor among individuals with alcohol use disorder

The Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA) is a recently-developed framework offering a more holistic understanding of three neurofunctional and behavioral domains that reflect the neurobiological dysfunction seen in alcohol use disorder (AUD). While the ANA domains have been well-validated across independent laboratories, there is a critical need to identify neural markers that subserve the proposed neurofunctional domains. The current study involves secondary data analysis of a two-week experimental medication trial of ibudilast (50 mg BID). Forty-five non-treatment-seeking participants with AUD (17F / 28 M) completed a battery of validated behavioral assessments forming the basis of their incentive salience factor score, computed via factor analysis, as well as a functional neuroimaging (fMRI) task assessing their neural reactivity to visual alcohol cues after being on placebo or ibudilast for 7 days. General linear models were conducted to examine the relationship between incentive salience and neural alcohol cue-reactivity in the ventral and dorsal stratum. Whole-brain generalized linear model analyses were conducted to examine associations between neural alcohol cue-reactivity and incentive salience. Age, sex, medication, and smoking status were included as covariates. Incentive salience was not associated with cue-elicited activation in the dorsal or ventral striatum. Incentive salience was significantly positively correlated (p < 0.05) with alcohol cue-elicited brain activation in reward-learning and affective regions including the insula and posterior cingulate cortices, bilateral precuneus, and bilateral precentral gyri. The ANA incentive salience factor is reflected in brain circuitry important for reward learning and emotion processing. Identifying a sub-phenotype of AUD characterized by increased incentive salience to alcohol cues allows for precision medicine approaches, i.e. treatments specifically targeting craving and reward from alcohol use. This study serves as a preliminary bio-behavioral validation for the incentive salience factor of the ANA. Further studies validating the neural correlates of other ANA factors, as well as replication in larger samples, appear warranted.

STRATEGI PEMERINTAH KOTA BANDUNG DALAM MENJAGA NETRALITAS ASN PADA KONTESTASI PEMILU 2024

This research aims to analyze the strategy of the Bandung City Government in maintaining ASN neutrality in the 2024 Election contestation, with a focus on the strategy of the Bandung City BKD and Bawaslu as well as the supporting factors and obstacles faced and the efforts made by the Bandung City BKD in overcoming these obstacles. The research methods used include interviews, secondary data collection, and data analysis. The research results show that in principle the concept of ASN neutrality in elections to support the implementation of good government governance cannot be assessed as a form of deviation from the political rights of an ASN, therefore it is urgent that ASN must implement neutrality in realizing the principles of good governance, and Bawaslu in their duties and Its authority as supervisor of elections and regional elections in collaboration with supervisors in regional and sub-district districts and cities needs to carry out outreach and provide understanding to the community.

Outcome of intrauterine insemination in couples with unexplained or male factor infertility at National Referral Hospital of Bhutan

Objectives: Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital (JDWNRH) is the only facility offering intrauterine insemination (IUI) services in the country. In this study, we aim to study the success rate of IUI for the year 2022. Material and Methods: This retrospective study utilized secondary data extracted from the medical records of a cohort of 57 patients who underwent IUI procedures at the infertility clinic between January and December 2022. Ethical clearance and site approval were obtained from the Institutional Review Board at Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan and JDWNRH, respectively. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.0 by IBM Corp in Armonk, NY, was used to calculate frequencies, percentages and create statistical diagrams. Results: In the year 2022, the overall success rate of IUI was 5.3%. A majority of infertile men, representing 78.9%, fell within the age range of 30–39 years, and oligozoospermia emerged as the most common semen abnormality, affecting 45.6% of the infertile men in this study. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the IUI success rate in the country was 5.3%. This success rate of IUI in the country was found to be low compared to the success rate in neighboring countries. This is important information for patients to make informed decisions, aids fertility specialists in devising treatment plans, directs the allocation of resources, drives research and development initiatives, and informs policy and strategic adjustments at the national level.

Analysis of Macroeconomi Factor Effect on the Stock Price Index in Jakarta Islamic Index

The country’s economy slowdown causes the affected exchange rate or exchange rate to weaken, and Bank Indonesia’s interest rate policy at the time of the economic downturn decreases, it has an impact on the stock index in the JII. This research aims to determine the influence of macroeconomics on the IHS in JII. The method used is quantitative research, with an analysis model using the VAR technique. The data used is secondary data of a time series. The research results show that the influence of the ISSI and BI rate responded positively, while inflation responded positively. The exchange rate variable responded negatively to JII shocks until the end of the period. The results of the FEVD test show that the largest contribution was JII, inflation, ISSI, and BI rate, and the smallest contribution to JII was the exchange rate. Implication and recommendation this research are Bank Indonesia as the institution responsible for controlling inflation, can maintain inflation stability, lower the exchange rate against the dollar and maintain interest rate stability.

PENERAPAN SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN ANALISIS KELEMBAGAAN KABUPATEN CIANJUR DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA BKPSDM KABUPATEN CIANJUR

This research aims to analyze the application of the Cianjur Regency Institutional Analysis Management Information System (Sianjab Manjur) in improving the performance of the Cianjur Regency BKPSDM, with a focus on the implementation of Sianjab Manjur as well as the supporting factors and obstacles faced and the efforts made by the Cianjur Regency BKPSDM in overcoming obstacles. the. The research methods used include interviews, secondary data collection, and data analysis. The research results show that although Sianjab Manjur has had a positive impact in improving the performance of BKPSDM Cianjur Regency, there are several challenges that need to be faced in its implementation. The first challenge is related to data security. As an information system that stores sensitive data regarding personnel, Sianjab Manjur must be able to maintain data security properly so that it is not misused by unauthorized parties. The second challenge is related to employee acceptance and adaptation to new information systems. Using Sianjab Manjur requires acceptance and adaptation from employees, especially those who are used to manual systems. BKPSDM needs to increase outreach and training efforts to employees so that they can master and use Sianjab Manjur well.

Relationship Between Parents' Education and Income Level with Personal Hygiene Practices in Under-Five Children Care

Poor personal hygiene practices can affect the incidence of infectious diseases which in turn can increase the risk of stunting. Several factors influence the practice of personal hygiene in the care of under-five children, namely the level of education and income of parents. The research was to analyze the relationship between parents' education and income level with personal hygiene practices in under-five children's care. The research design is a quantitative correlation with secondary data sources. The population is parents who have under-five children in Sukamulya Village, Bandung. Samples were taken using an accidental sampling technique with a total of 85 respondents, excluding parents whose children died in the under-five age range or whose children were 5 years old at the time of data collection. The instrument is a questionnaire consisting of demographic data and 7 questions related to personal hygiene practices in caring for under-five children. The data were analyzed using the Spearman test. The results showed that there was no relationship between the educational (p-value=0.16) and income (p-value=0.887) level of parents with personal hygiene practices in caring for under-five children in Sukamulya Village, Bandung. The next research suggestion is to examine other factors that influence personal hygiene practices in caring for under-five children.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI NILAI TUKAR PETANI DI 10 PROVINSI DENGAN PERAN SEKTOR PERTANIAN TERTINGGI 2010-2020

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;In terms of GDP, the agriculture sector is the second biggest driver of the expansion of the national economy in 2019–2020. Despite the agriculture sector's significant contribution, it cannot be claimed that farmers' conditions are prosperous. A method used to gauge the degree of farmer welfare is the Farmer Exchange Rate (FER). The study's objective is to examine how labor productivity, rice productivity, and output of rice affect FER in Indonesia's ten provinces with the largest sector contributions. One sort of data that is used with the panel data multiple regression analysis approach is called secondary data. The findings of this study clarify that, in ten Indonesian provinces that are the subject of research from 2010 to 2020, While rice yield and productivity do not significantly affect FER, labour productivity does. The findings of this study offer recommendations for additional measures that the government should implement to reduce production costs.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

A INFLUÊNCIA DA REMUNERAÇÃO NÃO FINANCEIRA NA AUTOESTIMA DO TRABALHADOR

The research aims to analyze the influence of non-financial payments on employees' self-esteem in general, highlighting the importance of these factors, in addition to the financial aspect. Recognizing that elements such as recognition, praise, opportunities for growth and professional development play a fundamental role in motivating and satisfying workers. The research emphasizes the direct relationship between self-esteem and well-being at work, and shows that companies need not only to have adequate training, but also to create environments that value and provide employees with personal growth. The methodology used was qualitative, which involves obtaining secondary data obtained through bibliographical research with materials already prepared, such as books and scientific articles, seeking strategies that include in the company, the elaboration of career plans, development programs and promotion positive professional environment. Through the study carried out, it was concluded that the implementation of financial payments may be required, and that for the study to be more in-depth and properly carried out in organizations, and in the future used, they are made through the collection of primary data.

Legal Framework and Empirical Analysis of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan's Role in Safeguarding Workers' Rights in North Sumatra Province

This research explores the role of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Sumbagut Regional Office in protecting workers' rights through the Employment Social Security Program in North Sumatra Province. The research method used is normative-empirical legal research with descriptive analysis, using a juridical-empirical approach. Primary and secondary data are analyzed to identify legal rules governing BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. The results showed that the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Sumbagut Regional Office is important in protecting workers' rights, especially through the Employment Social Security Program (Jamsostek). This role is strengthened through collaboration with stakeholders in North Sumatra Province, aimed at educating workers about their rights and benefits as program participants. The importance of this role also depends on the positive contribution of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan internally, including its Branch Offices, by their respective duties, principles, and functions. The conclusion of this study confirms that the effectiveness of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan in protecting workers' rights in North Sumatra Province is strongly influenced by close cooperation with stakeholders and positive internal contributions. This research provides in-depth insight into efforts to protect workers' rights through employment social security policies at the regional level.

The Role of the Indonesian National Police (Polri) in Uncovering Narcotics Crimes Among Students in the Legal Area of Medan City

This study examines the role of the Indonesian National Police (Polri) in addressing narcotics crimes among students in Medan City. The research explores the legal framework, police responsibilities, protective measures for children, influencing factors on law enforcement, and challenges faced by Polrestabes Medan. A descriptive-qualitative case study methodology is employed with statutory and case approaches. Primary data is obtained from interviews with the police, while secondary data comes from literature reviews. The normative-empirical legal research method analyzes legal principles, regulations, expert doctrines, and relevant literature. The research findings highlight the need for differentiated legal treatment for juvenile offenders and the application of Restorative Justice in juvenile criminal justice. Additionally, the study identifies internal and external challenges faced by Polrestabes Medan, including issues of mental discipline, low success rates in drug raids, and financial constraints. The research provides valuable insights to enhance law enforcement efforts in combating drug abuse among students, emphasizing the necessity for a comprehensive understanding of influencing factors and overcoming challenges.

The Contributory Pension Scheme (CPS) and Sufficiency of Retirement Benefit of the Low-Income Retirees of the Federal Public Service in Nigeria

This study examined the level of sufficient retirement benefit under the contributory pension scheme emanating from the pool of savings contributed that can suffice to provide the minimum needed livelihood. The secondary data of all pension contributions and retirement benefits were retrieved from series of publications of Pen Com from the years 2004 to 2022. The primary data population consists of 1316 retirees. EasyFit 5.6 Professional Software together with the Least Square Model, accumulation and annuity formulae was employed to analyse the secondary data and the responses from the respondents during survey. Arising from the data collected and the analysis carried out using the Consolidated Public Service Salary Structure, the level of comfort of low income retirees who spent 20 to 35 years in active service is nothing to write home about due to insufficient pension benefits as a result of the challenges investigated. The study recommends the implementation of minimum pension derived with requisite modalities of 20 years as the minimum qualifying length of service and only 10-year post retirement subsidy

How a timely policy contributes to technological capability building: insights from Iran’s biopharmaceutical sector

Abstract Building technological capabilities is influenced by different factors, notably policies. This paper explains the co-evolution of policies, i.e. policy tools, on the technological capabilities in Iran’s biopharmaceutical sector from 1995 to 2022. By adopting a qualitative research method, we gathered primary data through thirty-nine semi-structured as well as secondary data from reports and statistics. This paper explains technological capabilities enhancement from operational capabilities to innovative capabilities based on our proposed framework, which includes six levels. While the lack of an efficient policy tools, until the mid-2000s, was decisive in the inertia of biopharmaceutical sector capabilities, a proactive policy tools in recent years led to considerable promising results in terms of manufacturing and exporting advanced biosimilar products. Our findings shed light on the role of government support in the acceleration and directionality of technological capabilities building. Achieving advanced levels of technological capabilities requires learning, international collaboration, and export-oriented policies.

Predictors of the Actual Final Grade in Mathematics Subject of International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme Students in Surabaya, Indonesia

This study tried to investigate what are the possible indicators of the performance of International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme Students taking Mathematics Standard Level in an international school in Surabaya. The research made use of secondary data gathered from the school such as the scores of the students and together with their profile. The data covered academic years 2014 – 2019. Other than the secondary data and information gathered from the administration office and curriculum coordinators, The researcher also gathered the progress scores of the students from their subject teachers, one of whom is yours truly. Descriptive-correlational research design was used to analyze the data. Data collected were analyzed and interpreted using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. One-way Analysis of Variance was also used to check if there is significant difference among mock exam score for Predicted Grade (PG), General Point Average (GPA) and final grades. Among the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, only gender significantly related to the final grade. Both GPA and mock exam predicted grades indicated that both grades have strong significant relationship to the final external examination grades of the students.

Evaluation of Differentiated Learning in Chemistry by Using the CIPP Evaluation Model

Differentiated learning is important in the world of education, because of the diversity of students’ learning methods and students’ different knowledge backgrounds. The aim of this research is that differentiated learning in chemistry material and the teaching and learning process can run effectively and efficiently. Differentiated learning can eliminate students’ fear of material they don’t like, especially chemistry. This research is qualitative research, to see the effectiveness of differentiated learning, the CIPP research model is used. This CIPP model includes context, input, process and product, so it is said to be more comprehensive than other evaluation models. The research data sources are Chemistry Teachers, curriculum representatives, and students at three high schools in Jakarta. Primary data was collected using observation instruments while secondary data was obtained through questionnaires and interviews. The research results show that what happens in the field is that not all teachers apply differentiated learning during the teaching and learning process in the classroom. Through differentiated learning, students tend to be more active and enthusiastic about learning because classroom learning is carried out according to each student’s interests, readiness, and learning style. So, learning activities with a differentiation system are stated to be quite effective