Scientific Terms Research Articles

ON THE ISSUE OF THESAURUS RESEARCH IN RUSSIAN AND CHINESE LINGUISTICS: INTERPRETATION OF MEANING AND THE ROLE IT PLAYS IN SCIENTIFIC TERMINOLOGY

Chinese research into “thesaurus” (translated into a dictionary of meanings) is scarce, and there are few studies on terminology, semantic relations and practical applications. The purpose of this paper is to explore the terminology and semantic relationship found in semantic dictionaries. Combining the classification criteria of the semantic relations in Russian and Chinese, this paper studies the application of the semantic dictionary in scientific terminology processing, core terminology system construction and language vocabulary teaching. Through the theoretical investigation and specific semantic analysis of the lexical system of the semantic dictionary, the linguistic value of the semantics, its distribution and aggregation characteristics are explored, and its great role in term description is explored.

Challenges Facing Arabic Language The Problem of Scientific Terms As A Model

This research deals with the problem of the scientific terms in the Arabic language. In its first topic, it briefly deals with some challenges that the Arabic language faces. One of these challenges is the scientific terms, which is an issue of different aspects. In the second topic, the research deals with the problem of scientific terms in the modern Arabic language[LXC1] . The most important results of the research are as follows: There are plenty of scientific terms in the Arab linguistic heritage. Scientific terms are an example of the language’s ability and capacity to absorb what is new. Scientific terms are a civilized linguistic issue. They have a political dimension that requires the cooperation of the countries of the Arab world in its formulation. They have a close connection with the language of university education. Therefore, it is necessary to make use of the Arabic scientific terms in university education courses since they are a tool for knowledge. Their development and growth are linked to the growth and development of knowledge. The formation of the scientific terms in Arabic must be according to the following steps: Translating the term into another Arabic equivalent, derivation, and generation (i.e. introducing a new term that corresponds with the foreign term) or borrowing, which is either verbal Arabization or localization

STANDARDIZATION OF TERMINOLOGY IN THE FIELD OF FORENSIC EXPLOSIVES EXAMINATION

The article emphasizes the importance of developing, on the basis of scientific and legislative terminology, the terminology of explosive expertise and substantiates the relevance of the creation and systematization of terminologies. modern expert terminology in forensic explosive examination with subsequent representation in the DSTU (State National Standard of Ukraine) «Forensic explosives examination. Terms and Definitions». In the process of forming terminology for explosives expertise, the identified trends are investigated, the main of which is the unconditional restoration of the terminology of the 80-90s of the last century, which does not contribute to the replacement of established terms in forensic explosives. The second negative trend is the subjectivity and randomness in the selection of terms for the terminological system, as a result of which many necessary and important terms for explosives expertise, as well as other branches of knowledge, do not fall into them. The proposed terminology creation technique is implemented in each algorithm: – selection of terms in the DSTU (State National Standard of Ukraine) /glossary should be carried out taking into account the frequency of their use in scientific papers; – the composition of the DSTU (State National Standard of Ukraine)/glossary should be formed in accordance with the needs of expert, investigative and judicial practice; – the order of placement of terms should correspond to their convenient and quick finding; – the method of describing expert terminology must correspond to the type of (State National Standard of Ukraine) /glossary; – the terminological apparatus of explosive examination should reflect the innovative processes of development of the theory and practice of forensic examination; – terms should reveal the essence of the concept and comply with the norms and rules of the modern literary Ukrainian language. The experience of the terminological work of the Kyiv Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Expertise of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on the implementation of terminological work on various types of forensic examinations is highlighted. As a rule, the authors combined practical work on the conclusion of a terminological standard with a theoretical understanding of the construction of terminological systems. A methodology for unified expert terminology is proposed, in which the main methodological and scientific principles for constructing a terminological standard were determined.

Writing university theses in scientific disciplines and the challenge of Arabization

During the period of its history, Arabic was unable to absorb the new terminology of science, art and knowledge. Its rich heritage of specialized works in medicine, pharmacy, mathematics and others is proof of this.
 Today, the sons of Arabia are fascinated in other languages that they believe are more suited to scientific progress and cultural development, and believe that their language is a poetic language only. In fact, the problem lies not in the Arabic language but in its exclusion from the fields of science, especially in the fields of scientific research. Theses in our Algerian universities (and Arabic in general) are mostly accomplished in languages other than Arabic. this is. We will endeavor to highlight models that reflect the orientation towards writing academic transcripts in scientific disciplines in Arabic. We will start from the problem: Can the Arabic language be a language of specialization and reflect the ideas of university students in scientific disciplines ?

The Lithuanian Language in University Academic Life Over 100 Years: from the University of Lithuania to Kaunas University of Technology

Globalization processes affect national languages, and the Lithuanian language is no exception. After Lithuania became a member of the European Union, the English language has been increasingly penetrating all areas of life of the state. First it was used in the field of science: more and more articles were written and published in English, the number of study programmes in English was rising, as also the number of dissertations defended in English. This, however, poses a threat to the development of the Lithuanian scientific language. This problem prompted us to look back in history and see how the Lithuanian language was used in university academic life during various historical periods. The object of the article is the use of the Lithuanian language in studies, research, textbooks, monographs, and other publications between 1922 and 2022. The article also deals with the influence of the government language policy and the approach of the university (institute) to the use of the Lithuanian language during both periods of independent Lithuania (1918–1940 and 1990–present), during the Soviet (1940–1941; 1944–1990), and Nazi (1941–1944) occupations.After analysing the documents of university activity, legal acts, and publications from the period of 1922–2022, the following conclusions can be drawn:1. The best conditions for the development of the Lithuanian scientific language were between 1922 and 1940, since the studies in the Lithuanian language, publication of textbooks and scientific works in the Lithuanian language were encouraged by the university and supported by the government.2. During the Soviet occupation, researchers of Kaunas Polytechnic Institute were made to write dissertations, research articles, and monographs in Russian due to the requirements at that time, but the publication of textbooks in Lithuanianwas encouraged and thus the extinction of the Lithuanian scientific language was avoided.3. After the restoration of Lithuania’s independence, the most favourable period for the development of the Lithuanian scientific language was between 1990 and 2004. After Lithuania joined the European Union, research journals of Kaunas University of Technology, with the exception two journals, began to publish articles in English to comply with international requirements. It is obvious that the English language has been rapidly pushing the Lithuanian language out of thefield of technical sciences and studies. Unfortunately, there threat that this will hinder the development of Lithuanian scientific language and the Lithuanian scientific terminology is real.

Istoriya nemeckih SMI v kontekste politicheskih preobrazovanij posle ob"edineniya (1990–2020 gg.)

The authors analyze the development of the German mass media over the 30-year period of the existence of the united country, outline the main trends, and identify the features and prospects for the German's mass media development as the crucial institution of a modern democratic society. The context of the transformation of the modern media space seems relevant in scientific and practical terms.

Comparing science curricula in Myanmar and Japan: Objectives and content covered in lower secondary textbooks

An analysis of textbooks can lead to a comparison of the curricula in two nations and how curriculum standards determine the textbook content in a developed and developing country. Deductive content analysis was employed to analyze and compare objectives mandated in science curricula in Myanmar and Japan, and the articulation of science textbooks’ content on science curricula’s objectives including approaches to learning and learning of content taught at grade-6 in Myanmar and grade-7 in Japan. The results show that both countries’ curriculum objectives are clearly mandated to cultivate students’ scientific knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The exchanges of knowledge between the two contexts are the analyzed Japanese science textbook’s employment of a step-by-step and detailed scientific inquiry-based approach for the students to learn light and sound concept, and Myanmar’s science textbook’s description of some technical scientific terms in both mother tongue (Burmese) and English.

THE ADJECTIVES LIGHT AND DARK IN ASTROPHYSICAL TEXTS: A CORPUS STUDY

The aim of this paper is to analyze the uses of the lexemes light and dark in astrophysical texts. The research questions concern not only their frequencies and use in specialized terms, but also the contexts in which they tend to occur. We are mainly interested in the basic meanings of the adjectives light and dark, relating to visual perception. 
 For the purposes of our research, we compiled a corpus of abstracts extracted from nine scientific journals specializing in astrophysics. The software employed to create the corpus was AntConc Version 4.2.0.
 The lexeme light occurs in the corpus 1,478 times, including 867 occurrences as an adjective, whereas the lexeme dark is found 1,610 times, including 1,473 occurrences as an adjective. The most frequent word combinations include the following ones: light curve, light source, light travel, light yield, light time, light intensity; dark matter, dark energy, dark sector, dark universe, dark fluid, dark spot, dark halo.
 The most popular word combinations including light and dark are scientific terms, e. g. light curve, dark matter and dark energy. The most frequent adjectival uses of light relate to the phenomenon of light, not to the qualities of being bright or pale. The identified expressions could be paraphrased as N of light, e. g. light source > source of light. On the contrary, dark – as used in the most frequent expressions – refers to the quality of being ‘devoid of light’ and ‘of low lightness’.

THE USE OF INTRODUCTORY WORDS IN THE WORKS OF ALIKHAN BOKEIKHAN

Today, when the issue of switching to the modern Latin alphabet is widely discussed, the issue of writing foreign words is especially relevant. It is important to deeply study the practice of borrowing and writing foreign words at the beginning of the 20th century, since the spelling of many words at that time was hotly discussed and was the subject of many discussions. This article will consider the use of words and their spelling in the works of Alikhan Bukeikhan, the most prominent representative of the Kazakh literature of the early twentieth century, the leader of the Alash party, a prominent scientist. In the works of Alikhan Bukeikhan, included in the 15-volume collection of essays, many foreign words are used. These are mainly words from Western European languages, which became known through Arabic, Persian and Russian, as well as widely used scientific terms. Alikhan Bukeihan changed a significant part of the words from Western European languages ​​that came through the Russian language, adapting them to the Kazakh pronunciation. Most of the native speakers of the Kazakh language currently write foreign words in Russian without changes. Arabic and Persian words are mainly used in their original form, without violating the traditions of the bookish language. The article will discuss the reasons and rules for this spelling, as well as the spelling of foreign words at the beginning of the 20th century.

TO THE QUESTIONS OF SOME TERMS IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE

In fact, terms are a word or phrase that is the name of a concept used in science, technology, art and other areas of human activity. If the deep meanings of these terms in these areas are systematically formed and clearly marked, then only then is it considered that their goal has been achieved. The development of the terminological system undoubtedly contributes to its sustainable application in the study of a particular field, allows us to draw new conclusions. In modern science, there are significant advances in the formation of terms. Some of them have been used in everyday life for a long time, however, there are terms that need to be revised in the scope of their use. Recently, a number of scientific terms in the Kazakh language have been replenished even more. However, there is a lot of work to be done in this area. To date, it is necessary to specifically formulate terms that will more deeply reveal the meaning of scientific concepts in the Kazakh language and in themselves will be pleasant to the ear, well perceived by the majority. It is no secret that when working in this direction, questions may arise regarding the interpretation of the meanings of certain terms. In this regard, the article raises the problem of only some of those terms that are approved for use in the Kazakh language, since it is impossible to consider the entire system of terms and explain their meaning in more detail and describe them in one publication. In particular, the article describes the shortcomings in the translation of the term "archived format – RAR, ZIP", related to the field of computer science and computer technology, and several terms related to the field of record keeping and archival affairs. The main purpose of the publication is that when approving terms in the Kazakh language, it is necessary to take into account the linguistic features of both languages and pay special attention to them in further work on improving the terms.

РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ ТВОРЧЕСКОГО ПОДХОДА В ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПЕДАГОГА СОВРЕМЕННОГО ВУЗА

This article analyzes the experience of educational activities carried out in the university environment on the basis of a creative approach. In his scientific understanding, the author relies on many years ofpedagogical practice, implemented methods of teaching certain disciplines on the humanities in the close relationship close relationship of theory and practice. In the materials provided, pedagogical techniques aimed at developing the cognitive interest of students, increasing their intellectual creative potential, motivation for the qualitative development of a specific subject field are revealed using particular examples. The topic and content of the article in scientific and practical terms are of particular interest to novice teachers, who are established in the authoritative pedagogical community.

Collaboration, сompliance and tax intermediaries: the case of banks.

The purpose of the study is to assess the role of second-tier banks in the system of financial and tax intermediation, to identify the relationship between legal regulation and the actual state of cooperation between tax authorities and commercial banks, compliance with laws and regulations in the field of compliance, as well as compliance with appropriate standards of conduct, both for banks and tax authorities bodies. Features of the interaction between banks and tax authorities are the implementation of mandatory instructions and the provision of the necessary information by banks for state revenue authorities. Cooperation and interaction of the tax authorities with banks is established in the Tax Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The current tax and banking legislation does not adequately define the status of banks in tax administration. The Tax Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan in general terms defines the rules for cooperation and interaction between second-tier banks and tax authorities, but banking legislation in this regard bypasses this issue. In scientific terms, approaches to disclosing the essence of financial intermediation of banks are ambiguous. Cooperation in the field of taxation, objectively established in the course of the historical development of the tax system, finds its legal consolidation and design, which is studied in this scientific work. In this regard, the article defines the legal status of banks in legal relations with the tax authorities, the role of banks as financial intermediaries in tax relations. This study also carried out a general analysis of potential and actual participants in tax legal relations, the list of which does not include banks. The research methodology was composed of analytical, systematic, formal-legal methods. The theoretical basis was the works of scientists on financial, tax and banking law. The conclusions made in the course of this study can be used in further research in these areas of law, as well as for the purposes of improving tax intermediation in the current legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Community‐driven science and science education: Living in and navigating the edges of equity, justice, and science learning

Community‐driven science and science education: Living in and navigating the edges of equity, justice, and science learning

Pre-service teachers’ vocabularies of the language of science in the context of learning about electrons and photons

Teaching and learning the language of science is an important part of science education. Learning the vocabulary of science plays a key role in learning the language of science. The meaning of abstract scientific terms builds on their connections with other terms and how they are used. In this research, we study pre-service physics teachers’ physics-related vocabularies and investigate how rich a vocabulary they use and what similarities and differences there are in their vocabularies regarding electrons and photons. We investigate the connectedness of physics terms by categorizing them according to their role in explaining quantum physics and carry out a lexical network analysis for N=60 written reports. The analysis shows that vocabularies do not share much similarity and the reports reflect narrow images of photons and electrons. We conclude that science teacher education needs to pay attention to explicit teaching of the language of science for pre-service teachers.

МЕКТЕП ОҚУЛЫҚТАРЫНДАҒЫ МӘТІН СИПАТТАМАСЫ МЕН ЭЛЕМЕНТТЕРІН ДИДАКТИКАЛЫҚ БАҒАЛАУ

The article considers the issue of their qualitative and quantitative analysis in order to assess the amount of information contained in school textbooks and its complexity. To solve it, the method of paired comparison of the complexity of concepts was used and an analysis was carried out using special computer programs. Programs for counting the number of names of scientific terms in texts contained in school textbooks allow you to compare the didactic complexity of textbooks. All this makes it possible to assess the level of complexity and information saturation of various topics of the school. A textbook on the subject "Mathematics" was offered for study.

Challenges in the application of the Tshivenda scientific register for physical sciences classrooms

Background: This paper investigated some of the challenges in the application of Tshivenda scientific register (TSR) during classroom practices of some physical sciences teachers in some of the public secondary schools in the Vhembe West District, South Africa. Methods: It was an interpretative qualitative case study wherein three physical sciences teachers and 40 learners took part in the study. The study conducted at schools of Vhuronga 2 circuit in Vhembe West District between January 2022 to November 2022. Interviews and classroom observations were used for data collections. Researchers analyzed their data through Data Analysis Scheme (DAS) which comprised of themes, categories, and characteristics in this qualitative study. Texts that belong to a particular theme were highlighted using same colour and track changes was also used to codify categories and characteristics of a theme. Results: The research findings had shown numerous challenges in the teaching and learning of physical sciences including teachers and learners not used to physical sciences being taught and learnt through TSR, not familiar with some scientific words in TSR, difficulties in understanding scientific term in TSR as well as absence of Tshivenda physical sciences resources beside TSR. Consequently, this has impacts on teacher and learner’s ability to implement TSR in the teaching and learning of Physical Sciences. Moreover, the findings also show that teachers and learners participated in the study sometimes switch from Tshivenda Scientific words to English Scientific words during Physical Sciences lessons. Conclusions: Therefore, it is suggested that the above-mentioned challenges in the development and application of TSR for Physical Sciences teaching need to be addressed so that teachers can teach learners Physical Sciences through language they know best. Hence, physical sciences teachers must be developed, trained, and furnished with essential language skills for them to develop Tshivenda scientific language registers on other sciences topics.

ВИДЫ И УРОВНИ МНОГОЗНАЧНОСТИ ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОГО ТЕРМИНА (на материале французского языка)

The lexical analysis of scientific terms in the works of French-speaking linguists (from F. de Saussure to modern researchers) allows identifying the epistemological reasons for the development of semantics and the formation of polysemy of terminological units. The semantic features of the considered terms determine a new classification of polysemy types depending on the level of terminological abstraction.

Policing the scientific lexicon: The new colonialism?

Several recent authors have called for the revision of the common and scientific names associated with taxa, as well as scientific terms, that may be construed as offensive (e.g., Hammer & Thiele, 2021; Cheng et al., 2023) or inappropriate (e.g., Gillman & Wright, 2020; Guedes et al., 2023). These proposals have been met with resistance, for example by Palma & Heath (2021—indigenous names), Mosyakin (2022—botany), Slabin (2023—philosophy of science) and all 26 commissioners of the International Commission for Zoological Nomenclature (Ceríaco et al., 2023).

The role of science communication and academic health advocacy in improving population oral health and tackling inequalities.

Oral conditions are a public health problem globally and stark oral health inequalities exist between and within countries. Yet, oral diseases are rarely considered as a health priority and evidence-informed policy generation is challenging. Science communication and health advocacy are critical in that respect. However, due to time limitations, research workload and other factors, academics are usually hindered from participating in such lengthy endeavours. Here, we make the case that 'science communication and health advocacy task forces' should be a priority at academic institutions. The two main duties of these task forces are knowledge transfer about the burden of oral conditions and patterns of inequalities, and their underlying social and commercial determinants, and advocacy and mediation between the stakeholders involved directly or indirectly in policy making. These interdisciplinary task forces, including both academics and non-academics, should collectively have skills that include (1) knowledge about oral health, dental public health and epidemiology, (2) ability to communicate clearly and coherently and make the case in both lay and scientific language terms, (3) familiarity with digital and social media platforms and ability to create visual aids, videos and documentaries, (4) good negotiation skills and (5) maintaining scientific transparency and avoiding getting involved in confrontation with political parties. In the current context, the role of the academic institutions should not only be the production of knowledge, but also the active transferability and application of this knowledge towards public benefit.

«Идеальный тип» как отдельная мыслительная конструкция у Макса Вебера

The article considers the ‘ideal type’ as a separate mental construct that was used by various sociologists in order to structure the empirical reality to which their scientific interest was directed. The phrase ‘ideal type’ is a mysterious phenomenon of Weber’s methodology. You can talk about it only by using ‘quotation marks’. This word is clearly not up to the status of a scientific term, since Weber did not offer any definitive definition of the ‘ideal type’. He offered only some descriptions or examples of how an ‘ideal type’ might ‘work’ in a particular case.