Scientific-technical Progress Research Articles

Creative Economy: Essence and Problems of Development

The article presents the authors’ opinion on the essence of creative economy on the content; Scientific and technical progress and post-industrial are clarified its features in the conditions of society; The main directions and trends of its development - progress and resource - are defined; The directions for the formation of adequate features of the creative economy are substantiated in the management system. It is noted that the creative industry is one of the factors of sustainable development and that contributes to the transition to an innovative economy. The essence of the creative industry and the economic characteristics of the creative sector are analyzed. It is noted that there were some fundamental changes at the end of the last century. Globalization and the new economy (knowledge economy) - created new guidelines for the creation and development of the highly economic so-called "creative economy". The basis for the development of the creative economy became the creative potential of a person. Currently, it is quite difficult to accurately assess the effectiveness and adequacy of the measures taken. The fact that the creative industry needs support is undeniable. The role of the state in ensuring the potential success of creative industries is crucial, as the state plays an important role in all key factors related to the development of the industry, such as the level of education, economic diversification, infrastructure, etc. On the basis of our research, we can point out that in the 21st century, a creative human resource should become an important factor in the development of the economy, which has creative thinking in all areas of the public economy and the ability to make and implement economic decisions. Creativity will eventually be the main potential and tool in the economy with traditional ways of thinking and management together. The leaders of socio-economic and scientific-technical progress will be only those companies that master the science of creative management of socio-economic development. Only these enterprise companies, organizations will effectively develop at the stage of the creative economy and will be able to move to mechanisms and tools of creative management of socio-economic development. It is clear that in the first stage of the innovative economy, employers will pay a lot of attention to engineering and technical staff, specialists who will have high professional knowledge, skills, competencies, high intelligence and creativity of thinking, ambition and "aggression". Keywords: creative economy, trend of progress and regression, non-standard administrative decisions, socio-economic relations Unity system, innovative activity, creative management.

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AND MICRO AND MACRO FACTORS AFFECTING IT (IN CASE OF GEORGIA)

Any business entity, whether local or international, operates in a certain business environment. Business environment is a combination of conditions and internal and external factors related to the operation and activity of a business entity. However, the business environment exists outside the business entity and determines the behavior of this entity in the market. The micro-environment at the level of business entities has a direct impact on the firm's activities and includes: suppliers, customers, employees, competitors, and others. At the scale of the national economy, the macro-environment of business has a significant impact on the environment of business subjects and includes: the level of economic development of the country, financial and credit institutions, organizational-legal environment of business, scientifictechnical progress, public-cultural level. In addition, among the macro-factors affecting business, the geographical location of the country acquires a certain importance. Georgia's unique flora and fauna, its geographical location - which means Georgia's location at the junction of Europe and Asia, in particular, in the Caucasus, acquires great importance in terms of business promotion and development in the country. The purpose of this study is to analyze the business environment of developing countries, in particular Georgia, it also focuses on how local government and international organizations help

Прогресс во всемирной истории. Так был ли мальчик?

This article studies the content of the concept of progress in connection with the emergence of negative attitudes towards it in scientific publications. The analysis is carried out by comparing progress with the concepts of evolution, practice, cognition, development and personality. The author reproduces the traditional criterion of progress, i.e. freedom, but considers it in two aspects: scientifictechnical and moral, basing his reasoning on the idea of the infinity of the historical process due to the infinity of practical transformative human activity. The paper clearly demonstrates progressive development of these two aspects in world history, paying attention to distinct changes in the manmade environment, and points out the existence of moral norms in various historically conditioned cultures. At the same time, the author reveals the dialectical nature of moral progress, thereby justifying the fundamental impossibility of absolute morality in history. However, this provision is interpreted here as the basis for the objectification of labour not only in material nature, but also in the sphere of morality. The struggle of good against evil is an endless exercise of labour aimed at overcoming egocentric aspirations. Further, the article identifies the reasons for the negative attitude to progress. They are seen, firstly, in the theoretical gap between the scientific-technical and moral progress in spite of their dialectical consideration and, secondly, in the unjustified application of the teleological principle to the concept of progress, this principle being in opposition to the phenomena of the scientific-technical progress and to the dialectical unity of good and evil. As a result, the author makes a conclusion about the progressiveness of world history and its immanent incompleteness and, consequently, the incompleteness of progress. This is the basis for the impossibility of absolute freedom in history.

State Policy for the Development of Innovative Entrepreneurship: Experience of Ukraine

The article’s purpose is to analyze prospects for innovative development of entrepreneurship and generalize main directions of Ukraine’s state innovation policy. Research methods are: monographic analysis, system analysis, comparativelegal analysis, generalization, forecasting, etc. We substantiated the necessity for elaborating and implementing effective measures aimed at developing innovative entrepreneurship and increasing country’s innovative potential due to the improvement of legal tools of the state policy for developing innovative entrepreneurship. We emphasized that there is possibility to develop Ukraine’s potential of innovative entrepreneurship and strengthen commercialization of innovations due to the current legislation’simprovement, particularly through implementing European law norms into the national legal system. It is proven that the effective implementation of scientific technical progress achievements can occur only under condition of establishing cooperation between scientific and educational institutions and enterprises; due to well-chosen financial, organizational and regulatory measures to support innovations’ development and commercialization. It is concluded that formation of Ukraine’s modern innovation policyshould be based on the modernization of enterprises, active attraction of investments through participation in national and international projects, integration of information technologies into the production sphere and effective management solutions aimedat our state’s participation in global innovation processes.

¿Se debería integrar la investigación en la formación del cirujano?

Surgery is an action oriented medical specialty. Training excellent surgeons requires explicit and outcome predictable educational processes, so improve educational programmes in surgery are likely to represent better health for society. Given the extraordinary scientific-technical progress achieved, numerous surgical authorities suggest that the remarkable development of surgical research it needs its integrated in the classical teaching of Surgery. Specific, it is about determining if during the period of residence the postgraduate must investigate and if this activity is assumed and undertaken, know what to research, what kind of research you should do and for how long. How to integrate research training in the context of surgical learning is still a controversial topic; however, many countries promote integration of research training during the residence period, although they are important differences of opinion in the right paper and the structure of research in surgical training. For its objetives, philosophy that sustains it and positive effects on personal scientific education, it is concluded that it is convenient and necessary to incorporate surgical research in the training curriculum of surgeons.

ადამიანისა და ტექნიკური ცივილიზაციის ურთიერთმიმართების პრობლემა და მომავლის პერსპექტივები

The 21st century is a century of growing technology and new scientific discoveries. The facts that a few years ago belonged to the realm of science fiction are now a reality and belong to the already outdated technologies. There is no doubt that the modern material-technical revolution is a progressive event, but there is also the indisputable fact that the scientific-technical progress has put the problem of spiritual values on the agenda. It is quite obvious that this progress, together with the positive results, is accompanied by events that need to be taken into account – the ecological crisis, including increased consumer tendencies to accumulate large amounts of means of mass extermination of people, danger of forming a mass society and culture in a person, the deprivation of a person's uniqueness by standard norms (depersonalization) and so on. Among the problems of technical civilization, the most important is the problem of maintaining a human being as a biosocial being. Man finds it difficult to control the natural and complex technical environment created by him, which becomes the basis of an anthropological crisis.

Priority areas of archive branch digitalization

The purpose of the article is the analysis of modernization process implementation of the managementsystem of the archival facility on the basis of means and instruments of archival institutions digitization.Methodology. To resolve the tasks of the research were used traditional complex of common scientificprinciples (determinism, imaging, unity of opposites) and methods (analysis and synthesis, systematicand structural, questionnaire, content analysis, observation, statistical). Scientific novelty aims at thedevelopment of theoretical components in the branch of the archival institution management in the context ofdigitalization, which includes the methods of the analysis, synthesis, and systematization for the developmentof the problem of implementing the governing technologies of digitalization in the archival branch. Theprocesses of scientific-technical progress in ХХІth century caused the formation of public strategy for thecommon digitization of the whole state. It is analyzed the elements of archival digitalization in the contextof innovative modernizations of the society and the state. With the implementation of innovative digitalizedtechnologies into the work of archival institutions, the state and society will acquire the opportunity toexpand their informational base access, using modern methods will help to receive the most truthful andauthentic information about the state, society, and scientific management will open the additional resourcesof analysis the informational wealth of archives facilities. Conclusions. The whole way of archival facilitydevelopment shows, that the main contradiction in archival activity is tracing in relation to traditionaland innovational methods of work. The reason is the demand for stable components for the stabilization ofarchival developing processes, which eventually will form compulsory innovations.Keywords: archive, innovation, management, digitization, information, rebranding, technologization, fund

Formation of traffic safety profile in central parts of the city and its informational protection

Nowadays, there is a difference between European and domestic approaches to the functioning and organization of road networks, urban mobility, and effective use of the space of urbanized territories. The main factors were historical development, scientific-technical progress, an administrative component in the formation of financial flows to developing urban systems, terrain, the process of territories` urbanization, and the formation of urban agglomerations. These factors had a direct impact on the shape of the modern state of the road network. The process of Intelligent transport systems integration into the system of domestic cities requires complex approaches, in particular, consideration of the parametric structure of elements, application of communicators not only for the control of traffic flows from the outside but also from the inside, which will allow speeding up the information change in the system. One of the elements of the combination of morphologic elements of the urban environment is the practical application of the criterion of street and road infrastructure interaction and the concept of traffic safety profile. This is a result of a combination of all morphological features and variants of their configuration. In current conditions, a new approach in research is necessary to determine criteria and factors of sustainable development of transport systems. This approach allows operatively considering the changes of the external environment, reacting adequately to the changing behaviour of competitors providing services and consumers, and effectively impacting the demand and supply of transport services. A concept of effectiveness is required to consider both the transport system in general and its separate elements. Implementation of progressive methods of system control of transport flows provides, in conditions of rapid motorization and increasing the urbanized territories areas, obtaining the most significant effect in short terms and allows maximal using the possibilities of urban transport networks.

Problems of preparation for educational design of students of institutions of higher art education

In modern conditions of production development, the requirements for a young specialist in the field of higher art education are growing. The main task of higher art education is to train a competitive, mobile specialist who has a readiness for self-education throughout his life. When preparing a specialist in higher art education, it is necessary to form in him such knowledge, abilities and skills that will allow him to solve non-standard production problems, use modern technologies, independently analyze the results of his activities, and draw conclusions. Thus, a graduate of institutions of higher art education must be ready to work actively in a changing environment. Teaching focused only on memorizing the material can no longer meet modern requirements. The problem of the formation of such qualities of attention, memory and thinking that allows the student to independently assimilate information, is constantly updated, as well as the development of such abilities and skills, which, preserved even after completing education, would provide him with the opportunity to keep up with the accelerated scientific technical progress. One of the problems of modern education is that graduates experience some difficulties in applying theoretical knowledge in practice. The ability to apply the acquired knowledge, skills and abilities in professional activities cannot appear by itself, for this you need to teach. To solve this problem, it is necessary to introduce the educational design teaching method into the educational process, which today has its own characteristics and problems.

Mokslinė-techninė pažanga Lietuvos regionuose paskelbtų patentinių paraiškų požiūriu

The tasks of the article are: 1) to survey of the scientific literature in the field of the development of scientific-technical progress and the main entrepreneurial concepts; 2) to survey the EU and Lithuanian documents about RD 3) to analysis the situation of published applications according to date of filing application In Lithuania regions; 4) to determine the main R&D smart specialization directions in the Lithuanian regions according to published subclasses of International Patent Classification. Globalisation and demographics, trends and innovation, for example, environmental protection technology, biotechnology and health care, can be the basis for the sixth Kondratieff’s wave. Applied research is fundamental for the adaptation of research results in the activities of the organization. Created a technical object can be protected under patent law. Application of knowledge management tools and techniques of intellectual knowledge are being converted to an organization's competitive advantage. In today’s business more business part is realized with innovation activities, R&D works. The most important principle of the Paris Convention is a national regime. The second important provision of the Paris Convention − the priority of the conventional rate. Patent documents provide a lot of information about the invention that helpful elsewhere, so it is an important complement to traditional sources of information in terms of the dissemination of technological and scientific information. Patent documents provide information about the technical characteristics, applications history and information about the invention. In “Horizon 2020” will be funded by all parts of the innovation chain-from the idea to the market, in accordance with the 3 main evaluation criteria: high quality research, competitive industry and the benefits to the public. After analyzing the scientific literature and the data from the survey research we came to the following conclusions: the main R&D smart specialization direction in the Lithuanian region according to published subclasses of International Patent Classification is C05G, F23B, A23L, B65D, E05B, F03G. KEY WORDS: entrepreneurship, EU and Lithuanian documents , Lithuania regions, scientific-technical progress, smart specialization. JEL CODES: L26, O18, 032, 034, R11 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v13i2.825

Reserved Areas Importance for Mitigation of Climate Change

Scientific-technical progress that we observe for last several decades in the world along with the sufficient benefits to our society brings many detrimental effects to environment, plant biodiversity and climate change. Increased levels of exhausted transport emissions into atmosphere poison ambient air in big cities and settlements causing allergies, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and lung damage. Great threats to climate change are: deforestation, forest degradation and overexploitation of bio-resources of the planet in many countries of the world like Brazil, Russia, the Republic of Indonesia. Forest fires, taking place every year in North America, Australia, Russia, are also big contributors to climate change. In this situation forests and reserved areas can play very important role in mitigation of threats by absorbing carbon dioxide. As more forests and reserved areas we have on the planet, as more carbon dioxide be absorbed and more oxygen omitted into atmosphere and vice versa. This goal can be achieved by enlargement of existed and creation of new reserved areas, preservation of all forests with joint efforts of governments, scientists and policy-makers from all countries of the world.

GreenTrail – A Sustainable Mobility Concept Advisor (SMCA) Tool

Despite the scientific-technical progress in developing significantly more efficient powertrains as well as the overall increasing environmental awareness, the share of the transport sector in global GHG emissions has substantially been increased as one of the only industries since 1990 to 25% in Europe. Essentially traceable to the rise in world population and the changed society needs boosting the private and commercial use of emission-based mobility concepts, in the private sector there is an initial rethinking in acquiring or sharing mobility options.Supporting this change in mindset, behavior and lifestyle, this contribution presents a sustainable mobility concept advisor (SMCA) tool allowing to assess an individually best mobility solution for daily life and/or infrequently travels. Not only being limited to ecological but also technical and economic aspects, thus the easy-operable GreenTrail application visualizes the most preferable alternatives in a typical structure of route planning tools.

Scientific-technical progress and transport as essential factors of territorial organization of building-industrial complexes

Industrialization calls significant changes into traditional methods of building and precondition the transfer of some portion of the process of building from building sites to steady-state plant conditions. It is now due to assemblable parts, prefabricated structures and plant production of ready-to-use oversize blocks and parts that that the scope of works on building sites is essentially resuced. The process of building is characteristic for different forms of its organization that manifests itself in specialization, concentration, cooperation and combination. Development of these forms results in deeper specialization of labor, as well as in deepening of sectoral and technological specialization supported by transport means. A scope of building and assembly within specific territory leads to concentration of big number of building organizations. Concentration of building-related companies and organizations predefines the necessity of coordination of their efforts. The speed of construction requires still deeper specialization. The stage-based process of building rooted in by the technologies requires strict organization between inter-unit attachments that produce building materials, parts and constructions, and those that build. The pre-planned organization between the participants of the process of building is reached by way of cooperation. Coordination of the scope of building between the companies and organizations is executed by the general contraction organization that is responsible for the whole construction. Cooperation of contracting and subcontracting general building and special organizations is helpful in such coordination and timely completion of works. It is due to transport that cooperation involves local and remote companies and organizations. In the aspect of territory, these companies and organizations form district inter-district, regional, inter-regional, and international links that make up the basis for the formation of building-industrial complexes. Development of the levels and forms of territorial organization of building-industrial complexes depends on the scope of building, natural and economic specificities of the area, and the level of provision with material-technical and industrial-material bases, etc. Carpathian administrative oblasts are the territories with sufficiently developed material-technical and industrial-material bases. This means that they possess highly qualified staff and may use the systems of special highly productive building machines and mechanisms, implement automation of some technological operations, and, with well-organized transport system, therefore improve territorial forms of the process of building. Transport within the system of productions in building industry has internal and external functions. The internal function of transport lies in provision of technological processes of building (technological transport). The material-technical basis of this kind of transport is predominantly concentrated in building-related companies and organizations. The external function is performed by transport means that provide the process of building with necessary material resources. It is, as a rule, the transport of different companies and organizations that specialize in distant transportations. Their material base has no relation to the same of the building industry. The level of development of internal transport depends on equipment status of building companies and organizations, and building technological achievements on the level of country and some of its regions. The level of development of external transport is provided by the level of development of the whole transport system of the state and its each separate region in particular. In both cases, transport represents an important factor that effects on the formation of building-industrial complexes of every level of development. The division into internal and external transport is conventional, since each of them can perform both functions. The work of the transport system significantly depends on the development of transport network, which is too far in Ukraine from the present-day world standards. However, the transport means themselves used in this country are in the majority of cases the production of known world companies. Geographical disposition and specificities of economic development have predefined the formation of practically all types of transport on the territory of Ukraine. Railway and automobile transport are the leading types in all economic rayons of the country, while pipeline, water and air kinds of transport are well developed in some other rayons. The total length of public road network in Ukraine was 169,5 thousand km in 2019, railway lines – 22,0 thousand km, river navigable waterways – 2,3 thousand km. Automobile roads and railway constitute the basis of the transport network in the Carpathian oblasts. The highest density of roads is found in the Lviv Oblast (over 60 km/1000 km2. The best provision with auto-roads is observed in the Chernivtsi and the Lviv oblasts. It is only natural that mountain regions suffer from worse provision with communications than those in plain and pre-mountain territories. Automobile and railway transport play the key role in provision of the process of building.

Algunas reflexiones en torno al impacto social del desarrollo científico-tecnológico en la enseñanza del inglés en la universidad cubana actual

The progress of scientific-technical progress constitutes one of the most influential factors in contemporary society, its proper use contributes to the development of learning systems in accordance with the educational needs of learners, since education, by its very essence, constitutes a social process. In this context, inescapable projects integrate the English language as an instrument of communication, as well as the appropriate use of technologies such as access and information processing. This work aims to assess the social impact of scientific-technological development in teaching English at the current Cuban university.

FACTORS DETERMINING SATISFACTION WITH THE STUDIES OF THE STUDENTS OF SCHOOLS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

In the modern world conditioned by scientific–technical progress and globalisation it is becoming tricky for schools of higher education to respond to continuously changing needs of the labour market, to secure the expectations of the students towards the selected sought education and its realisation in certain situations of activities. Satisfaction of students with the studies and employment of graduates becomes one of the key criteria of the quality of studies which influences the academic activity of universities. The study introduces the factors which determine the satisfaction of the final years students with their studies. Quantitative research was selected – a representative survey was performed. The study population consisted of the students of the Lithuanian higher schools (universities and colleges) (n=459). It has been established that the key factors in the selection of study programs (demand of the study program on the labour market, the self–set career goals, clear potentials for professional career and links between the personal needs and the program) demonstrates the ability of students to plan and make decisions regarding their careers. When selecting a study program, the factors orientated towards assessment of personal achievements and own attitudes towards the profession (the selected graduation exams and their results, the prestige of the profession and the leisure time likings) are not less important. The key factors of satisfaction with the selected study program relate to the fact that the study program contributes to personal development, to better employment and career prospective. Students are satisfied with the selected study program because of favourable educational study environment, of a possibility to gain practical skills and of the applicable system of assessment.

Стратегические факторы технологического прогресса строительства в регионах страны

The article is devoted to technological innovations, problems of their implementation at the industry level and at the level of construction organizations. The factors hindering the introduction of innovations in the investment construction complex are identified. Measures of state support for this process are proposed. Recommendations are given for improving the mechanisms for introducing innovations in the investment construction complex. Technological progress determines the pace and strategic directions of construction development. Since the construction industry sets the pace of economic development and is an important sector of the economy of many countries of the world, there is no doubt about the relevance of the problem under study. The introduction of technologies has contributed to the dynamic development of construction services in the last few years in developed countries. The purpose of the study is to analyze the prerequisites for the strategic development of construction based on scientific and technical development, as well as to identify growth restrictions in the regions of the country. The following research methods have been used by the author - system, situational, network approaches, modeling of socio-economic processes. In the course of the study theoretical approaches to the development of construction in the conditions of scientific-technical progress were considered; a model of strategic development of the industry was presented, including legal documents, in particular the draft Strategy for construction until 2030. The transition to an innovative development path is a complex process that requires a unified policy at the regional and local levels. The article reveals the problems of the construction complex innovative development and substantiates the factors that stimulate its transition to a new technological structure. Despite certain difficulties, the construction sector has many prospects for further development, but there are restrictions related to financing, risks, and methodological support for evaluating innovations

ИННОВАЦИИ КАК ФАКТОР РАЗВИТИЯ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА

The construction has a decisive influence on the economic growth of other sectors of the economy, creating a logistical basis for their sustainable growth and dynamics of introduction of achievements of scientific-technical progress provides for the formation of the material basis of industrial enterprises, transport, communications, etc., allows to solve the major environmental and social problem that justifies urgency of study of this field. The study of innovative development of the construction industry is based on the analysis of the state of technical equipment in the region in dynamics based on official statistics. The article considers scientific and theoretical approaches to the assessment of innovative technologies and the innovative process in construction, and defines a list of restrictions that hinder the development of the industry in modern conditions. A system of measures to reduce the negative impact of industry structural problems on the financial and economic results of enterprises in the region is proposed.

SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS DETERMINING THE CONCEPT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE ROLE OF EMOTIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

Emotional intelligence is defined as the ability to understand the intentions, motivation and desires of various people, as well as the ability to recognize and manage their emotions and the emotions of others in order to solve practical problems. In our opinion, this definition formulated by Smith at the beginning of the twenty-first century clearly traces the influence of the ideas of David Wechsler, who understood intellect as the systemic ability of a person to act purposefully and rationally. In this case, rationality of thinking was considered by David Wechsler in fact only from the point of view of evaluating the effectiveness of interaction with the outside world. And the productivity of thinking was determined on the basis of the possibility of obtaining a material result and the production of material values. In other words, the concept of intelligence fits well with the philosophy of industrial society and consumer society. Charles Darwin considered in his work Expression of Emotions in People and Animals, the role of manifestations of emotions for the survival of species, as well as for their adaptation, the work of many other scientists rather spoke about the role and importance of curbing emotions and managing them in the development of ethics and culture and society as a whole. Sigmund Freud believed that the first laws and regulations of ethics, such as the «Code of Hammurabi», created in Babylon in the XVIII century BC. e., or the edict of the emperor Ashoka, can be regarded as a desire to structure and give the manifestation of emotions a civilized form. In a sense, to be cultural or even more precisely — to be inside the cultural field, from the point of view of the founder of psychoanalysis, means being able to restrain emotions. In this connection, the thought of the uselessness and unimportance of emotions has received a variety of reflections in various ideas related to the development of society. Including — in the ideas of scientific technical progress, which has taken root in the minds of many generations as the unshakable and almost the most important meaning of human existence. In connection with a similar status of scientific progress, everything that hindered or did not even help the development of science and technology could easily be declared, and often was declared, evil. In such a situation, it was rational that came to the fore. Therefore, the coefficient of intelligence, and various studies related to the factor of general intelligence took the lead. They are reflected in the development of many theories of psychometry and related tests of intelligence. However, at present, social processes have begun to take a different form. Society changes and revises its values. Therefore, IQ, based on a number of logical and arithmetic problems, the purpose of which to a greater extent is to determine a person’s ability to generalize and compare known facts, in our opinion, is no longer as accurate as it was at the beginning of the twentieth century. The importance of emotions and the need to evaluate them under modern conditions has increased significantly and, in all likelihood, will continue to grow. Emotions have the role of a new language, become a system of symbols, with which you can draw conclusions about the significance of what is happening in terms of own needs of the relevant person. Emotions have become the motivational basis of almost any activities. At present, emotions are increasingly directly connecting motives and realization of activities, perform the function of evaluating its progress and results, are the basis of organizing activities, stimulate and direct it. All of the above, in our opinion, speaks of the growing role of emotions in various public spheres, which necessitates further research in this subject area, gives the right to speak about the importance of studying the role of emotions in modern society, as well as the feasibility of further development and improvement of the corresponding methodologies for their evaluation.

Forensic diagnostics of the kind of a sharp traumatic object in expert practice

The scientific work is a fragment of the scientific-research study conducted at the Department of Forensic Medicine and Medical Law “Expert Diagnostics of Changes of Biological Tissues and Human Media by Morphological and Laboratory Indices to Solve Topical Issues of Forensic Science and Practice” (state registration number 0118U001191). Summary. The survey article deals with explaining the existing methods and searching new perspective ones concerning forensic diagnostics of the kind of a sharp traumatic object. A considerable increase of lethal cases caused by trauma and crimes most frequently committed with the use of different kinds of sharp objects is stated to occur nowadays in Ukraine and the whole world. In general structure of fatal injuries traumas caused by sharp objects are second after blunt injuries. At the same time, in all the cases of expertise of bodily injuries caused by different kinds of sharp traumatic objects and tools a question arises concerning accurate visualization of bodily injuries and their identification. Therefore, from year to year an important value in forensic practice is given to spatial, integral visualization of morphological structures in the area of injury and certain separate elements of a traumatic object. It will provide more accurate, visible, effective and reliable identification of a sharp tool or object provoking injury. In different times specialists in forensic science demonstrated variable approaches to solution of the above mentioned tasks. Identification studies dealing with determination of a tool in case of traumas made by sharp objects, first of all piercing-cutting ones, are conducted in the direction of investigation of morphological changes in case of damage of the skin and internal organs, morphometric parameters of wound canals, assessment of a blade lip effect on morphology of piercing-cutting injury, identification of an individual who committed a crime, detection of trasological properties of a traumatic means, and modeling circumstances of events, etc. In recent decades, in the epoch of an advanced development of scientific-technical progress, modern researchers introduce actively up-to-date medical technologies into medical science. The methods of 3D-modeling and 3D-reconstruction take a leading place among them. Implementation of 3D technologies into forensic practice enables to reduce error probability to minimum. Meanwhile, the majority of 3D-scanners are expensive and mostly directed to solve more specific forensic tasks, scanning only small or, on the contrary, only large objects in particular. From the practical point of view an important value in establishing the mechanisms of injuries in case of trauma and identification of a traumatic object belongs to modern methods of designing three dimensional objects on the basis of digital photogrammetry followed by further computer processing and 3D-printing of volumetric models, since it enables to register poorly seen morphological signs of injuries and find them. At the same time, the analysis of domestic and foreign literature is indicative of the fact that the issues of forensic diagnostics concerning the kind of a sharp traumatic object by means of three dimensional spatial reconstruction of morphological elements of the soft tissues injuries and wound canal on the body of a victim remain unsolved.

Adaptation of criminal and civil law in view of scientific-technical progress (artificial intelligence, dao and digital human)

Today there is a powerful challenge to legal doctrine. It is associated withoutspreading into all spheres of life by artificial intelligence and new technologies(blockchain, artificial improving of the biological body and human abilities). In thisregard, it is necessary to resolve a number of important issues concerning thepossibility of recognizing artificial intelligence as the subject (person) of the legalrelationship and the subject (person) of the crime, the qualification of the actions ofthe improved human and encroachment on him, finding the person of responsibilityfor decentralized legal entities.