The CPSU Program envisages the shifting of the production apparatus of the national economy, during the next twenty years, to a qualitatively new level. The scope of the forthcoming transformation may be judged by the fact that, while the physical volume of the national income will increase approximately five times by 1980, the labor time expended in the sphere of material production will remain virtually unchanged. Such a drastic increase in social labor productivity cannot be achieved, of course, by partial improvements and extensive dissemination of the technology of large-scale machine production in the form in which it occurred in the first half of the century. What is involved is a gradual and systematic transformation of all social production on the basis of qualitatively new technological principles emerging in the course of scientific-technical progress.