Scientific School Research Articles

ФОЛЬКЛОРИСТИКА В КИЇВСЬКОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ: ВІД ДОСЛІДНИЦЬКОЇ ІДЕЇ ДО НАУКОВОЇ ШКОЛИ

Background. The article is devoted to the study of a topic relevant to contemporary folklore studies - its origin and formation in educational institutions of Ukraine, in particular, at Kyiv University. The author shows the formation of the folklore school at Kyiv University from a research idea in the nineteenth century, systematic study and teaching in the twentieth century to a scientific school in the twenty-first century. Methods. The descriptive, historical and chronological methods, and method of systematic analysis were used. Results. The process of the folklore research at Kyiv University is detailed and specified as a continuous and consistent one. The milestones in the development of Ukrainian folklore studies by M. Maksymovych, M. Kostomarov, M. Drahomanov, V. Antonovych, and P. Chubynskyi in their connection with the teaching activities of scientists at Kyiv University are characterized. Folklore studies are looked at the level of a research idea that will gradually form a subject area. The author describes the folklore studies of Kyiv University teachers in the twentieth century (A. Loboda, P. Popov, M. Hrytsai, etc.). Folklore studies are considered to be an independent component of philology and a system of knowledge with various research topics, methods of research and recording of folklore samples. The end of the century is characterized by radical changes caused by the restoration of statehood, which allowed the creation of the Department of Folklore Studies, the opening of specialties and the beginning of professional training in this field at Kyiv University and in Ukraine as a whole. The activities of the folklore school of Kyiv University in the twenty-first century are analyzed. It is emphasized on the issue of interest, recording, study, preservation and popularization of folklore by scientists of Kyiv University and their struggle to preserve national identity during the activity of Kyiv University. Conclusions. To sum up, the author states that the science of folklore at Kyiv University has been the subject of interest of scholars and teachers since its foundation and, having originated at the level of a research idea (M. Maksymovych, M. Kostomarov, M. Drahomanov, V. Antonovych), emerged as a subject area of teaching (A. Loboda, P. Popov, M. Hrytsai), developed and established itself as a scientific school (L. Dunaievska, O. Talanchuk, V. Boiko, L. Kopanytsia, S. Rosovetskyi, O. Ivanovska, O. Naumovska, and others) with a unified research program and strong training of professional specialists in the field.

РАЗВИТИЕ ВЫСШЕГО АГРАРНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ НА ЮЖНОМ УРАЛЕ В ПЕРИОД С 1920 ПО 2020 ГОД

The paper examines the formation of agricultural higher educational institutions of the Southern Urals from 1920 to the 2020 years. The dynamics of development of the Chelyabinsk Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture, Orenburg Agricultural Institute, Bashkir Agricultural Institute is shown. The specialization of institutes in the following areas is presented: agronomy, animal science, agroengineering. The features of the formation of scientific directions and schools in agricultural universities of the region are described. The role of scientific schools of agricultural institutes in solving national economic problems is revealed. (Research purpose) The research pupose is systematization of historical materials in the field of formation and development of agricultural education in the Southern Urals (using the example of higher educational institutions). (Materials and methods) Used documents and other sources during the analysis of the development of higher agricultural education in the Southern Urals, contributing to the disclosure of the material during the study period. (Results and discussion) Author reviewed the areas of work of problem laboratories, experimental bases (sites), farms, and showed their role in improving the quality of education in agricultural universities in the region. (Conclusions) In the history of the formation and development of higher agricultural education in the Southern Urals, the following stages can be traced: 1930-1945 is the period associated with the quantitative processes of meeting the needs of agriculture in the region with highly qualified personnel; 1946-1960 is the period of growth in the quality of training graduates of agricultural higher educational institutions in the region; 1960-1980 is the period of development of new narrower areas of agricultural specialties; 1980-2000 is the period ofintegration of higher education, science and production. The growth of university science is noted. The qualification of scientific and pedagogical staff of agricultural universities is growing due to the well-organized work of the advanced training system; 2000-2020 is the period of building a new model of agricultural education associated with changes in the agricultural sector: digital transformation and growing robotization.

Rethinking Approaches to Negotiation Training in Russia and other Countries

The article is devoted to the problems of negotiation training and research of modern negotiation practices in Russia and abroad in the context of expanding traditional diplomatic tools through the active involvement of non-state actors in world political processes, as well as the use of “expert diplomacy” resources in international negotiations.Aim . To identify current trends in the teaching of negotiations in Russia and the world, to show the features of modern negotiation practices in the context of new geopolitical realities.Tasks. To analyze the role of negotiations in modern social, political and international processes. To review the latest research in the field of negotiations in the context of Western and non-Western scientific schools on negotiations.Methods. The methods of empirical analysis, consistency, scientific discussion, informational and historical approaches are applied.Results . The key features of modern scientific schools on negotiations are revealed. The specificity of non-Western research on negotiations is shown. The importance of taking into account national, religious, and cultural peculiarities of business communication in building successful negotiation processes is evaluated.Conclusions . Along with the universalization of negotiation practice and the formation of a unified negotiation culture, there is a pronounced trend towards combining negotiation skills based on classical strategies in the educational process, as well as mastering the knowledge and skills of intercultural communication, business etiquette and communication with representatives of various countries of the world.

Scientific school, scientific approaches and views of Professor V.E. Eminov: a critical view of a teacher's follower

Scientific school, scientific approaches and views of Professor V.E. Eminov: a critical view of a teacher's follower

Fitness of athletes with musculoskeletal disabilities as an element of sustainable behaviour psychology

At present, both from the point of view of individual sciences and, above all, from the point of view of the emerging interdisciplinary approaches, the problems of the correlation between the physical and the mental in human development are a very relevant area of scientific research. Each science in the interdisciplinary approach has its own traditions, methods and research methodology, the use of which largely depends on the particular scientist and the scientific school he or she has passed through. The problem of sports training of disabled people touches a powerful layer of anthropological problems, ranging from anthropometry to social, cultural and philosophical anthropology, aimed at understanding the nature and essence of man. Within the problem field of cultural anthropology at the intersection with cognitive science, the problems of cognitive anthropology are considered. Modern cognitive science insists on the inclusion of an inner plan, a plan of mental intentions, in order to understand the essence of any kind of human activity. In sport, the inseparability of mental and physiological, mental and physical, feeling and action is an indispensable condition of this kind of human practice. A special role is played by sport for the disabled. The article deals with the methods of assessing the level of physical development of persons with lesions of the locomotor system who are engaged in powerlifting. The positive influence of powerlifting on the physical condition of athletes of this category is proven, which leads to a more stable mental state and greater psychological well-being.

At the origins of petroleum geology. A review of the book by A.A. Matveychuk “The first petroleum geologists of Russia. Historical sketches”

This book review analyzes historical essays by A.A. Matveychuk about outstanding Russian petroleum geologists. Through the prism of their lives and activities, Matveychuk outlines the first steps in the formation of Russian petroleum geology. Particular attention is paid to the contribution of G.P. Gelmersen, G.V. Abih, and K.I. Bogdanovich, as well as their associates and like-minded people, to the geological study of various Russian regions and to the creation of new organizational structures and scientific schools. It is the activity of the pioneers of petroleum geology that largely determined the shift in the state’s priorities towards oil exploration, which further supported the country’s industrialization in the late 19th—early 20th centuries. The historical events, in which geologists became contemporaries and active participants, were studied. The personalistic approach used by the author in his studies of the initial historical stage of petroleum geology has created a vivid and fairly comprehensive picture of the early history of the industry.

Функции сетевого издания

The article describes the acmeological principles of organizing а scientific school. The acmeological principles of the subject of activity, life activity, modeling, optimality, integration, multiprofessionalism, feedback, the operational-technological principle which are the basis for the organization of a scientific school are revealed.

Занятость, труд, правоотношения: к столетию со дня рождения В. Н. Скобелкина (обзор круглого стола)

Introduction. Some provisions of the reports read during the round table “Employment, labor, legal relations”, dedicated to the centenary of the birth of V.N. Skobelkin and held on March 22, 2024 at the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, are given. Purpose. Outline the main provisions of the doctrine by V.N. Skobelkin and his scientific school, as well as its significance for the modern transformation of the subject of labor law.

МЕТОДИ ДЛЯ НАПРАЦЮВАННЯ, АНАЛІЗУ ТА ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ ВАРІАНТІВ УПРАВЛІНСЬКИХ РІШЕНЬ В ПРОЦЕСІ ЇХ ПРИЙНЯТТЯ

Methods for managerial decision-making in the process of decision-making are considered. Management decisionmaking tools are studied in the field of management and analysis. They include methods, models and approaches that help managers make informed decisions. Decision-making in any organization is a key task. It begins with determining the type of activity and strategic issues, without which the existence of the enterprise becomes impossible. Managers are guided by decision-making to minimize possible risks and achieve strategic goals. To make optimal decisions, it is necessary to carefully analyze all existing risks and optimize the decision-making process. To achieve successful solutions to these problems, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis of management decision-making methods. It is noted that the effectiveness of a decision depends on the decision-making methods. Since the stages of development and adoption of a management decision form a full cycle of the management decision-making process. At the same time, the composition and content of the stages depends on the specific management problem. The effectiveness of a managerial decision is determined by the methods used in the process of its adoption and implementation at an enterprise. The stages of development and adoption of a managerial decision from the point of view of different scientific schools are considered. The basic requirements for a managerial decision in the process of management activity are characterized, namely, realism, specificity, informativeness, and consistency. The peculiarities of applying these terms in relation to management decisions made at an enterprise are analyzed. A review of existing technologies for developing and making management decisions in the enterprise management system is carried out. The range of research methods for substantiating the adoption, development and implementation of a management decision is grouped into classes. The article also discusses the variety of decision-making methods, from those based on the intuition and experience of managers to formalized methods that use mathematical tools. This work is important for understanding and improving the decision-making process in various areas of management.

Constitutional and legal status of the subject during biomedical research.

Aim: To find out the peculiarities of constitutional and legal status of the subject during biomedical research. Materials and methods: A synergistic approach helps predict possible fluctuations and vectors of development, taking into account various social and technical processes of influence on the status of the subject; comprehensive - involves the analysis of the research subject within the framework of a combination of different scientific schools, concepts and methods and provides opportunities for the development of unified standards, benchmarks, principles and general norms of legal regulation. Conclusions: The constitutional-legal status of the subject is the position of the subject (patient, object of research) established and established by the norms of constitutional law, which distinguishes him as a special subject of legal relations in the process of conducting biomedical research and consists of a set of rights and obligations and specifics of the legal liability of its participants.

Transformation of the Team Role Model of Scientific Schools Into a Markov Chain

The modern paradigm of performing scientific research is steadily improving. One of the directions of its development is the substantiation and organization of team interaction of scientists working on solving a certain scientific problem. The complexity of the tasks to be solved, the need to ensure continuity in scientific research, and the complexity of projects require the introduction of new project management approaches, even in the organization of scientific teams aimed at obtaining unique results.The provisions considered in the study are relevant for the development and organization of scientific research. Moreover, examples of best practices for the success of project teams, considering the types of roles of participants, can be transferred from the field of project management to the field of organization of scientific research. The presented tools will make it possible to move from qualitative ideas about the activities of scientific teams to quantitative assessments of the effectiveness of the researchers work. The use of modeling tools to demonstrate the necessity of each role listed in the scientific school's organizational structure as a "Belbin's team," emphasizing the most crucial ones that influence its growth, and the potential to combine specific project roles without sacrificing project quality are what make this research innovative from a scientific standpoint.

Professional well-being of university’s scientific and pedagogical staff

The article presents the results of a survey of the Agrarian University’s scientific and pedagogical staff, which characterize the level of their professional well-being. The theoretical model of professional well-being is developed on the basis of the methodology for assessing professional well-being and updated taking into account modern transformations in the professional activities of scientific and pedagogical staff of agricultural education. Factor analysis of the survey results of 287 scientific and pedagogical workers of the Agrarian University allowed us to empirically present a structural model of professional well-being and justify targeted support programs for employees. In the practice of improving professional well-being, the support of the university administration on the ideological backbone of the team is relevant; the use of psychological support tools for scientific and pedagogical staff, association in working with opinion leaders to increase confidence in the possibilities of professional development; bringing people together in creative innovative projects to increase the level of professional self-realization; developing team building programs taking into account the representation of different generations of scientific and pedagogical staff, supporting mentoring within the framework of departments and scientific schools. The empirical part of the study does not contradict the conclusions of the theoretical analysis of the publications of the science-intensive Scopus database and confirms the relevance of the study.

ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ КОНЦЕПЦИЙ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПЕРСОНАЛОМ

The author reviews historically formed concepts of personnel management with a description of the main trends and prerequisites for their formation. The article describes the evolutionary changes in the views of various scientific schools on the interaction of people within an organization, starting from the pre-industrial period to the present day. At the same time, the transformation of ideas about a person is shown - from an element of labor resources to an object of social entrepreneurship and a full participant in all organizational processes. The work presents a summary comparative table comparing the main concepts of personnel management, the organizational model of the employee, the usual management functions of the personnel management system, as well as the main drivers of labor relations. The conclusions made on the basis of the presentation of the material orient further research to special attention to human well-being, talent management and comprehensive development of the individual, which corresponds to both individual and corporate modern priorities.

Increasing the wear resistance of autotractor equipment parts

Maintaining the performance of power units of automobile and tractor equipment for a long time is a very urgent task today. In this regard, work is being carried out to develop and master the technology for applying advanced coatings to increase surface hardness. However, the development of coatings that increase wear resistance is inextricably linked with research aimed at studying the properties of the coatings themselves, as well as their impact on the performance of the products themselves. To ensure long-term and trouble-free operation of units with friction pairs, not only advanced coatings are used, but also methods for applying special microrelief, protective materials and lubricants. Many scientific schools are working on solving the problem of increasing resources. Each approach involves testing and calculations. This paper shows the effect of ceramic coating on the service life of the crankshaft of a KamAZ vehicle engine. This paper examines the possibility of using a ceramic coating as a means of protecting the crankshaft journals from wear. Data from studies on increasing the service life of friction pairs are presented. Dependencies that characterize the wear rate are presented. A fragment of a method for calculating crankshaft deformations caused by residual stresses is proposed.

Establishment and development of rehabilitation medicine in Russia: the role of the Russian Academy of Sciences

An analysis of the results of studying physical therapy methods obtained for 300 years of existence of the Russian Academy of Sciences is presented. The first hundred years brought together attempts of physical therapy methods' experiential studiyng, which led to the formation of physiotherapy in the late 19th century. The synthesis of empirical knowledge allowed to form unifying theories of restorative and rehabilitation medicine in the 20th century. The members of the academy have priority in identifying basic laws, effective technologies, and in creating domestic scientific schools and institutions. The article considers the main achievements of scientific schools, relevant directions of scientific studies' development. Restorative medicine of the 21st century is built on basic achievements in the research of molecular, cellular and integral mechanisms of physical factors' therapeutic action, determination of the «targets» of their application in the body. The results of the assessment of physical factors' targeted action will allow to significantly increase the effectiveness of their therapeutic and preventive action on the body.

Герман Иванович Тараканов (1923-2006)

The article is devoted to one of the outstanding scientists and lecturers of Timiryazev Academy in the field of vegetable growing and breeding, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Academician of VASKhNIL and RASKhN German I. Tarakanov. The stages of his life and creative path, his formation as an outstanding scientist of the country in the field of vegetable growing and breeding, an outstanding lecturer and the head of the scientific school are presented. The contribution of the scientist to various fields of research is shown: the study of biological features of vegetable plants as a theoretical basis for the development of industrial cultivation technologies, original studies of life forms, detailed studies of the ecology of vegetable plants and microclimate in structures with polymer coatings. More than 50 varieties and hybrids of cucumbers, tomatoes and other vegetables for protected and open cultivation were created by the scientist. As the head of the scientific and pedagogical school German I. Tarakanov made a great contribution to the development of education in the field of vegetable growing on the scale of the university and the country, graduated more than 60 doctors and candidates of sciences, published more than 300 scientific works, including monographs and textbooks for universities.

ПРЕЕМСТВЕННОСТЬ УЧЕНИЯ В.П. ГОРЯЧКИНА В ТРУДАХ НАУЧНЫХ ШКОЛ ЮЖНОГО УРАЛА

The paper summarizes the factual material revealing the contribution of scientists of the agroengineering school of the Southern Urals to the development of V.P. Goryachkin's scientific ideas. The Chelyabinsk Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture, established in 1930, became the center for the development of such scientific areas as the study of the dynamics of mobile agricultural units, the development of engine theory, the improvement of tractor design, the development of a differential method for threshing grain crops, the intensification and automation of grain separation processes, the creation of scientific foundations of technical service and the theory of restoration of agricultural machinery. (Research purpose) The research purpose is systematization of historical and scientific materials in the field of development of agroengineering scientific schools of the Southern Urals; showing the continuity of V.P. Goryachkin's teachings in the works of the considered scientific schools. (Materials and methods) Found out that the theoretical and practical results of scientific developments of the Lyubimov school were greatly influenced by numerous field tests in collective farms and state farms of the Southern Urals, as well as the use of computer-aided design systems for computing. The influence of the development of tractors of the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant on the scientific research of E.M. Kharitonchik, I.E. Ulman was described. The links between branch scientific institutes and the Chelyabinsk Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture were highlighted. (Results and discussion) We systematized the scientific achievements of the teaching staff of the Chelyabinsk Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture from 1930 to 2023. (Conclusions) Scientists of scientific schools of the Southern Urals fully used all the resources available in the region and beyond: close communication within the branch scientific community (VIM, GOSNITI, NATI), close work with advanced industrial and agricultural enterprises for the development of agroengineering science and education and the introduction of the results into production.

Онтогенез научных музеологических школ в российских вузах культуры

The article is devoted to the analysis of the criteria for identifying a scientific museological school. During the study, open information resources were studied, which made it possible to identify the activities of departments that train museologists, the composition of graduating departments, publication activity, etc. The analysis made it possible to identify the formed scientific directions of work of museum departments. During the study, departments that trained museologists were identified on the basis of educational organizations subordinate to the Ministry of Culture RF, open information resources were studied, which made it possible to identify the activities of the departments and their composition, publication activity, etc. During the study, formed scientific directions were established works of museum departments aimed at theoretical and practical issues of the science of museology. All this together allowed us to conclude that the development of departments producing bachelors and masters of museologists is heterogeneous, which at this stage is justified by the polarly different timing of the opening of departments, starting from the late 1980s and ending 2021.

Казанская и Петербургская школы врачей акушеров-гинекологов: связь, преемственность, развитие (к 100-летию со дня образования Общества акушеров-гинекологов Казани)

In Kazan, training in the «art of midwifery» has been carried out for more than 200 years. Available publications contain information about the influence of St. Petersburg school of obstetricians and gynecologists on the formation of Kazan school of obstetricians and gynecologists. The purpose is to establish the connection, continuity and development of Kazan and St. Petersburg schools of obstetricians and gynecologists. Results. The long-term relationship between St. Petersburg and Kazan obstetricians and gynecologists culminated in Prof. V.S. Gruzdev creating the scientific and practical school of Kazan obstetricians and gynecologists.

О ПЕРВОЙ ПОПЫТКЕ КОММЕМОРАЦИИ НАУЧНО-ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИХ ДОСТИЖЕНИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ИНСТИТУТА ЖУРНАЛИСТИКИ КАК ЦЕНТРА ГАЗЕТОВЕДЕНИЯ

In the article, the author describes, analyzes and interprets documents related to the earliest attempt at professional and academic commemoration of the scientific research practices of newspaper scientists at the State Journalism Institute (SJI). This is primarily the correspondence (1964–1967, Russian State Archive of Literature and Art) of two active participants in the life of the first domestic educational institution for journalists of the 1920s: Tomsk journalist V. A. Kuzmichev (1903–1994), graduate of the post-graduate school of SJI, and his former supervisor M.S. Gus (1900–1984). On the basis of commenting on the correspondents’ personal letters introduced into scientific circulation, the author shows how toxic the topic of the formation and existence of the first scientific journalism school was, even three and a half decades after its liquidation.