Scientific Outlook Research Articles

Methodology as a tool of historical knowledge: relevant about the obvious

The purpose of the article is to actualize and clarify the main principles and methods of scientific research in their relationship and interdependence (on example of historical sciences). Research methods: analytical, historical, comparative and system-structural. Main results. The article illustrates the relationship of principles with general scientific and specific historical methods. Clarifications are made and examples of their use are given. Concise conclusions. Modern literature on methodology of science is presented mostly by the publications of methodical character. Such character of publications did not require consideration of problem aspects of methodology from their authors, in particular question about interdependence of principles and methods of scientific research. In most works such important concept as “research principles” is not examined practically, with what we cannot agree categorically. In our opinion, methods as research instruments and principles as rules of using these instruments exist between subject and object of research. If methods are the researcher’s tools, then the principles of the research are a kind of the ethical and professional code of a scientist. It consists of a number of professional principles which are based on: a) fundamental human ethical norms; b) scientific ethics; c) the special features of a particular science. In its turn, the general scientific principles are applied in various scientific fields, especially in the historical sciences. Among them are the principles of truth supremacy, deideologization, independence, dialectics, specificity, consistency, objectivity, immersion in the historical era (historicism), etс. It is also necessary to note a special role of dialectics in the scientific study, which serves as main principle and at the same time as the general scientific method. As a principle, dialectics is the essence of the world view of a scientist. As a method, dialectics helps the researcher to reveal the essence of phenomena and processes in all contradictions and interrelations of their components. Modern science possesses the wide arsenal of general and special methods. Their choice depends on scientific industry, object, aim and research tasks. A scientist must choose in this arsenal of facilities most effective and rational. If present methods are not enough, he should create the methods and use them accordance with all known methodological principles. The comparative method plays an important role in historical cognition. Firstly, comparison gives the opportunity to realize better the essence of phenomena. Secondly, when comparing a researcher goes beyond a narrow topic, uses additional empirical material and eventually expands his scientific outlook and creative range. The latter is one of the main indicators of the scholar’s scientific qualification. Practical significance. It’s recommended for use by scholars (especially young people) for historical research. Originality. The need to adhere to the main methodological principles in historical studies is substantiated. Scientific novelty. An attempt is made to “rehabilitate” and actualize the concept of “methodological principle”, which includes the ethical standards of a scientist based on universal values formulated in the Bible. Article type: descriptive.

Implementation of the methods of problematic education in classes of physics

The work discusses problematic education in the classes of physics increases the level of training of specialists and play important role in forming basic training and creating scientific outlook of future specialist.

Eric Hobsbawm's dialectical materialism in the postwar period 1946-56

This article aims to demonstrate that Eric Hobsbawm was a dialectical materialist. It considers what dialectical materialism meant for him by analysing four prominent characteristics of Hobsbawm's Marxist study of history found in his writings between 1946 and 1956. That class-struggle analysis was the primary analytical lens for Hobsbawm is the major claim that this work challenges. Hobsbawm's thinking was guided by dialectical materialism, which was a scientific outlook based on analysis. It always accounted for unpredictable human agency and, though economic factors played the principal role in the development of history, this study rejects the claim that Hobsbawm was a mechanical determinist. Further, dialectical materialism aimed at fostering the socialist revolution, with its ultimate goal being to overcome struggle and reach unity.

САНАРИПТЕШТИРҮҮ ШАРТЫНДА БИЛИМ БЕРҮҮ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯЛАРЫН ӨРКҮНДӨТҮҮ ПРОБЛЕМАЛАРЫ

Along with other subjects of the general education school, the subject of chemistry forms the scientific outlook and personal qualities of the student. The "Regional Development, Digitalization and Child Support Tasks" announced in 2020 are being implemented. It is important to use a pragmatic approach in chemistry education. It is the responsibility of every teacher to make extensive use of elements of teaching technology in accordance with the requirements of the new generation of standards. This article addresses the issues of computerization of the educational process in the context of digitalization. Opportunities for distance learning in the teaching of computer technology to schoolchildren and students, as well as the development of students' independence were highlighted.This article discusses the problems of computerization of educational process in digitalization. It is given the opportunities of using the Computer Technology

ICT Based Training Path of Sports Humanistic Spirit under Internet Technology

modern education is based on the scientific outlook on development, taking human development as the core of the work and adhering to the concept of people-oriented education. With the continuous improvement of Internet technology, the advantages of the "Internet + education" model have emerged. Through the Internet technology and the integration of sports teaching work, will not only contribute to the solution of the problems in present sports teaching work, also can stimulate students' learning enthusiasm, real progress on training students' humanistic spirit. In fact, by campus teaching organic integration with the Internet technology, to promote the students' cultural quality, moral level and humanistic spirit, it has become a focus of attention in current education work. Under the current situation, the "Internet + education" model is also shoulding the burden of cultivating its humanistic spirit on the basis of improving students' physique and entertainment.

History of Ukrainian selection at learning in the discipline 'Biology and ecology' in the old school

Aim. The article deals with the use of elements of historicism in teaching the course of biology. The expediency of using the historical material in the educational process in order to increase interest in biology and promote the improvement of the quality of knowledge of students, the formation of scientific outlook, and the upbringing of students. Methods. Analysis, synthesis, modelling. Results. Tasks with historical content can be used at different stages of learning: during updating the basic knowledge of students, setting goals and objectives of the lesson, explaining new material, consolidating, repeating and verifying students’ knowledge, generalizing and systematizing historical and scientific knowledge in biology, for the organization home and independent work. Specific examples cover the forms and means of using historical material in the study of biological cycle subjects. Conclusions. The factors contributing to improving the quality of students’ knowledge in the process of using historical material in the study of biology are established. Methods of using this material during conducting studies on biology have been determined in order to promote the im-provement of the quality of assimilation of relevant biological concepts.
 Keywords: historical material, biology, means, forms, factors, methodical techniques.

Davydov’s concept of the concept and its dialectical materialist background

The goal of this article is to investigate Davydov’s concept of the concept against the backdrop of its philosophical system, namely, dialectical materialism. In the first part, after briefly sketching the context of Davydov’s work, I consider some ontological and epistemological ideas on which Davydov bases his concept of the concept. I pay particular attention to Hegel’s and Marx’s contributions. Then, I discuss Davydov’s concept of the concept and the relationship between the logical and the historical—a relationship that proved to be crucial in the making of the educational curricular program he and El’konin launched in the 1960s in Russia. I argue that, in tune with the dominant epistemology of the twentieth century, Davydov’s concept of the concept is based on a scientific outlook of the world, one in which theoretical scientific thought is considered the pinnacle of human cognition. I conclude with a critique that intends to place the notion of the concept in a broader dialectical materialist perspective.

Western culture correct guidance and penetration teaching and its multi-dimensional training mode

Chinese college English teaching inevitably involves western culture, but actually great differences exist between Chinese culture and western culture. Therefore, how to establish the scientific outlook on western culture has long been a thorny issue for Chinese college English teachers. Commencing with an illustration of the necessity and importance of correct guidance and penetration western culture in Chinese college English teaching, this paper deeply analyzes the problems and shortcomings of present Chinese college English teaching in correct guidance and penetration for western culture and puts forward effective strategies of western culture introduction and penetration in Chinese college English teaching. And the paper aims to provide a useful reference for further improving the actual result of Chinese college English teaching and effectively avoiding cultural conflict between East and West.

Академік Павлова Марія Василівна (1854–1938): життя та наукові праці

The article is devoted to the study of dedicated contribution of academician Mariia Vasylivna Pavlova (Gortynskaya) in the development of Paleozoology Science. It is noted that her research was carried out in several directions including studying the causes of extinction of animals in the past geological epochs, investigating the remains of fossil elephants, rhinos, tapirs, notartiodactyls and artiodactyls, describing the remains of mammals in Tiraspol gravel. M. V. Pavlova described hipparions and horses, found mainly in the southern regions of Ukraine and the Crimea. By this new material she proved that horses had originated from American protogippus. The idea of a single trunk development of horses both the Old and New World caused objections, especially in America, as in Europe, there were no finds of ancient forms of horse series – anchitheriinae and protogippus. M. V. Pavlova consistently sought them in Eurasia, and in 1903 she discovered the remains of the bones of the limbs of these ancient horses. Analysis of the scientific heritage of Academician M. V. Pavlova, an outstanding national paleoscientist, a specialist in evolutionary theory, an organizer of Paleozoology science and a teacher, makes it possible to understand the processes of development of national biological science. She takes one of the places of honor in the world of paleontological science. Her name is associated with the development of Paleozoology science of late XIX – the first third of the twentieth century and the scientific outlook on the development of various Paleozoology concepts, laws and ideas. It suggests the urgency and necessity of this research. Its relevance is also caused by significant civil and scientific value of a person M. V. Pavlova in Paleozoology science, the lack of special comprehensive study of her life, scientific, organizational and administrative activities in the history of science, the need to create the most objective biography of M. V. Pavlova, the analysis of creative works and the importance of the introduction of solid scientific use of new sources and facts. Scientific activities of Pavlova as the scientific leader and founder of scientific school and her contribution in Paleozoology science has been marginally disclosed yet.

Research on Deepening Transformation of Personnel Management in Higher Vocational Colleges from the Perspective of Development

<p>Personnel management exists not only in enterprises, but also in higher vocational colleges. Under the development concept, the personnel management in higher vocational colleges takes teaching staff as the main management object, constantly breaking through traditional management models and concepts, and actively improving the management level. The personnel management of higher vocational colleges is of great significance for improving the comprehensive strength and internal management efficiency of higher vocational colleges. With the advance of the scientific outlook on development, all sectors of society have begun to adopt efficient management methods based on the actual condition of the country's comprehensive economic development, including China's higher vocational colleges who have actively implemented deepening transformation of personnel management based on the concept of development.</p>

МЕТАТЕОРЕТИЧНА РЕКОНСТРУКЦІЯ ПРЕДМЕТНОГО ПОЛЯ КАНОНІЧНОЇ ПСИХОЛОГІЇ

Наука як сфера пізнавальної творчості та духовного продукування раціонального знання фунду­ється на розлогій сув’язі самобутніх правил, норм, канонів (гр. капоп – правило), що вироблені й апробовані до­стойниками людства упродовж століть. Пропоноване методологічне дослідження присвячене аналі­тичному відновленню і рефлексивному обґрунтуванню предметного поля канонічної психології як одного з вершинних творчих здобутків видатного українського психолога-мислителя другої половини ХХ століття академіка Володимира Андрійовича Роменця (1926–1998). Новизна здійсненого епістемного поступу сто­сується кількох аспектів конструктивного розв’язання зазначеної проблеми: по-перше, канонічна пси­хологія розглядається як післядіяльний інтеграційний підсумок розвитку трьох базових теоретичних дже­рел або дисциплін – історії всесвітньої психології, загальної психології і численних психологічних теорій ок­ре­мих психічних феноменів-подій (установки, ставлення, несвідомого, переживання, гри, особистості та ін.), тобто вона на метатеоретичному рівні знімає (заперечує і водночас зберігає у трансформованій подобі) їхній зміст у більш ємному, синтетичному, ущільненому вигляді; по-друге, відповідно до великої складності висвітлюваної проблеми підбирається адекватний способу її розв’язання багатомодульний інструмент – циклічно-вчинковий підхід, методологічна оптика якого містить чотири принципи, шість закономір­ностей і низку похідних нормативів розгортання рефлексивної миследіяльності; по-третє, підлягають аналізу й узмістовленню чотири головних сегменти упредметнення канонічної психології: як філософсько-психологічного напряму розвитку сучасного людинознавства, як науково-світоглядний «перехід від ХХ до ХХІ століття у психологічному думанні», як метасистема фундаментальних (основоположних стосовно за­сновків і сутності людського буття) психологічних знань, як головна течія розвитку теоретичної пси­хології інтелектуальними і семантичними засобами її саморефлексії; по-четверте, канонічна психологія, зосереджуючись на вивченні та конструюванні взірцевих феноменів і подій людського життя, набуває культурної вагомості як своєрідна світоглядна постава чи метапозиція бачення та осягнення психічного. Відтак висновується, що зазначений академічний напрям має поліаспектний, багатосегментний пред­мет, що сукупно входить у предметне поле теоретичної психології. Він, як надскладна філософсько-пси­хо­логічна метатеоретична конструкція, охоплює «всі визначні теорії, що виникли в історико-психологічному дискурсі», надаючи їм справжнього, засвідченого вчинковою подієвістю, смислу пізнання. Насамкінець окрес­люється чотириіпостасний структурно-функціональний цикл будь-якого логічно зрілого психо­логічного канону, що упрозорює як тенденцію-процедуру канонізації психічних феноменів, так і збагачує теоретичний світ канонічної психології. Доводиться, що цілком аргументованим у творчому досвіді натхненного пізнання для В. А. Роменця, універсальним й абсолютно достатнім у своїх можливостях орієн­ти­ром-засобом чи навіть світоглядом є психософія вчинку як методологія дослідження джерел, сутності і канонів-узірців людського буття, як дійсне –відповідально вчинкове – взаємопроникнення психології і фі­лософії мудрості, врешті-решт як універсальний алгоритм і методологічна схема буттєвого поступу людини до повнокомпонентного вчинку, до розгорнутого, особистісно натхненного і просякнутого ла­більним розумом, учинення.

Remain True to Our Original Aspiration and Keep Our Mission Firmly in Mind—New Ideas on Learning and Implementing the Spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China

The theme of the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is Never forget your original and keep your mission in mind. In this report, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the Communist Party of China should not forget its original and mission, continue to implement the scientific outlook on development, focus on the four greats and put forward updated tasks and requirements in the scientific construction of the party. The contents of this report greatly encouraged the whole Party and the whole people to continue to strive for the realization of the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. And for us, the Communist Party of China, is to provide the direction of the struggle to guide and encourage. This article mainly focuses on the theme of Never forget the original and discusses the content of this report and how to achieve the requirement of Never forget the original mind, keep the mission in mind as a member of the Communist Party of China.

Formation of scientific outlook and mental education of students

Formation of scientific outlook and mental education of students

Knowledge Missemination: L. Susan Stebbing, C.E.M. Joad, and Philipp Frank on the Philosophy of the Physicists

Science popularization might take different forms. In the early twentieth century, Sir James Jeans and Sir Arthur Eddington presented the most successful endeavors. Philosophers were highly unimpressed and disturbed by these popular works and various authors declared their disagreement with the physicists’ philosophical books against their own philosophical background. I will discuss three different philosophers, L. Susan Stebbing, C. E. M. Joad, and Philipp Frank, whose three lines of criticism represent three different forms of philosophy, social engagement, and scientific outlook. What is interesting is that there was a point when the most diverse philosophers (of science) agreed in contrast of their common enemy, namely, those popularizing scientists that have their reputation and use it to propagate false, or at least misleading views about science, culture, and values. What we shall see is how far this agreement went among these figures and how the divergent strategies culminated in very similar results regarding knowledge dissemination.

Critical Appraisals of Cannabis and Related Compounds in Pharmacotherapy

Critical Appraisals of Cannabis and Related Compounds in Pharmacotherapy

A review on exploring evidence-based approach to harnessing the immune system in times of corona virus pandemic: Best of modern and traditional Indian system of medicine.

Coronavirus (COVID-19) is the most dreaded pandemic of our times, which lead to a state of chaos among the mightiest nations of the world. The immune system plays a great role in response to any foreign organisms be it bacteria or viruses. Virus-based pandemics like SARS, MERS, COVID-19 have time and again been surfacing leading to mortality and morbidity worldwide. These pandemics have also resurfaced the role of public health and its modes which have been fading in the presence of lucrative hi-tech medical industry. Although Chinese system of medicine has been explored, there is still more to be done in exploring solutions from time tested Indian systems of medicine like Ayurved and Yog. Its time to rethink and explore ways to harness our immune system and look for evidence-based solutions providing the best of both medical systems to the patients, i.e., modern medicine as well as Ayurved and Yog. The present review is a narrative review wherein studies were searched from databases like PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and web pages. Given a paucity of studies hereby we explored existing pieces of evidence, thereby concluding that more randomized controlled trials need to be done for assessing the role of Ayurved, Yog, and other Indian systems of medicine to enrich the armamentarium in the fight against such viruses in future. Family physicians can play a vital role in not only suggesting treatment but also changes in lifestyle of the patients as well as their family. Evidence based knowledge of ancient Indian system will open a new door of integration for overall well being of patient with a scientific outlook.

Can Meditation Practices Be Elevated, for the Higher Level of Consciousness, Taking Help of Artificial Intelligence?

In late decades, Meditation has been regarded as a meaningful, sensible, successful option as well as a complementary treatment to tackle and lighten stress related psychosomatic disorders. There are numerous scientific experiments, studies and results thereof which have uncovered the novel phenomenon that meditation can be utilized for defeating cardiovascular ailments, stress and psychological illness. Scientists and researchers have reliably shown that meditation practices can improve emotional stability. Our reach Indian ethos, base of spirituality and meditation practices has helped mankind to transcendent at the highest level of consciousness. However, with the advent of science and technology and new generation examining life with a scientific outlook, a new drift and phenomenon throwing light on efforts and opportunities that can be explored by synergizing the two different fields of Meditation and Artificial Intelligence and future challenges that can be posed before by accessing the advent of science and technology. There are advantages as well as challenges also. After reaching to the level of self realization, a new horizon is created and that is “vasudhaiv kutumbakam” (means “the world is one family”) and one thrives for the global peace and harmony. This paper examines the possibility of two paths viz. traditional path of ethos, meditation and second one designing and articulating the path of self realization synergizing the phenomenon of Artificial Intelligence. There lies advantages as well as challenges ahead the path towards reaching the milestone of global peace and harmony through the higher levels of consciousness. This being a conceptual study & paper, there remains a future scope of having empirical research taking base of the concept of synergizing the phenomenon of meditation and Artificial Intelligence.

Teaching Reform of General Chemistry for “Curriculum Incorporating Ideological and Political Education” in Agricultural Universities of China

Under the background of reform of curriculum incorporating ideological and political education, this paper explores the ideological and political education elements contained in general chemistry courses to realize the transformation from the main channel of the ideological and political course to the three-dimensional education pattern of the curriculum incorporating ideological and political education. Based on general chemistry course as an example, this paper expounds the feasibility, implementation and effect of the reform of "ideological and political curriculum". Fully integrate the new ideas of the new era into the curriculum construction, into the syllabus, teaching plan and classroom. Through the reform, no matter from the students' mental outlook, words and deeds, classroom performance, the students' response is positive. Also questionnaires were used to evaluate the effect of "curriculum thinking and politics". The combination of explicit education and implicit education can improve students' ideological and political quality, strengthen their ideals and beliefs, cultivate their scientific spirit, set up their ecological civilization thoughts, and cultivate their scientific outlook on environment and resources, enhance their awareness of environmental protection and sense of responsibility, strengthen self-worth affirmation. The teaching reform has made full use of the moral education in the specialized courses and achieved certain results.

The development of the scientific outlook of students in the study physics course

The development of the scientific outlook of students in the study physics course

ЄДНІСТЬ ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНОЇ ТА ПРИКЛАДНОЇ СКЛАДОВИХ ЗМІСТУ КУРСУ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ ФІЗИКИ ЯК НЕОБХІДНА УМОВА ФОРМУВАННЯ ФАХОВОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ФІЗИКИ

The article emphasizes the need to combine the fundamental and applied components of the content of the General Physics course in the training of future physics teachers. It is emphasized that the modern stage of scientific and technical development of society places high demands on the intellectual potential of future teachers of physics, to possess their methodology of scientific research. It is established that the content of the discipline "General Physics" should reflect the current state of development and achievements of science, and students should have the latest methods of research, orientation skills in the flow of scientific information and use it to perform the tasks of professional activity. It is noted that in this context special attention deserves such field of physics as nanophysics. It is shown that a deeper acquaintance of students with the questions of nanophysics opens opportunities for modern interpretation of the material learned in the previous stages of study, to understand its real applied value in relation to the possibilities of their use in practice. The problems that arise during the formation of knowledge in the field of modern achievements in nanophysics in the future teachers of physics, among which the main problem is to ensure the unity of the fundamental and applied components of the content of the course of general physics. It is emphasized that scientific and methodological literature should be developed in order to popularize knowledge about the current state of nanotechnology development and research into the properties of nano-objects. Methodical approaches to acquaint future physics teachers with modern achievements of nanotechnologies and their use in various fields of science and technology are proposed. It is shown that the integration of nanotechnology into the general physics course helps students to understand the applied aspects of modern science and provides a scientific outlook, which contributes to the formation of a high level of professional competence of the future physics teacher. Key words: fundamental and applied components of the content of general physics course, future teachers of physics, nanophysics, nanotechnology.