Scientific Inquires Research Articles

Strategic methods for emerging scholars: Identifying research gaps to enhance scholarly work

This paper explores various research gaps, and the processes used to identify them, discussing their implications for advancing scientific inquires. By offering a structured approach to recognize gaps. The paper aims to empower emerging scholars to articulate more decisive research questions while contributing meaningfully to the fields. Methods such as citation analysis, meta-analysis, and systematic reviews are utilized to pinpoint under-explored or unexplored areas for further investigation. This study sets a foundational stage for a clear discussion on how effectively identifying and addressing these gaps can significantly contribute to the advancement of various academic disciplines.

Methodology for Extended Reality–Enabled Experimental Research in Construction Engineering and Management

Extended reality (XR) technologies are increasingly being used as a novel research instrument to facilitate scientific inquires in the construction engineering and management (CEM) domain. By allowing humans to interact with immersive environments in controlled and monitored experimental settings, XR technologies have opened new opportunities for researchers to conduct CEM research involving human participants or concerning human behavior. Yet, XR-enabled research, as an independent, rigorous methodology for the CEM domain, is still underexplored. This paper serves as an effort to build an organized knowledge base and workflow for using XR technologies in various CEM research areas and methodological contexts. The paper first investigates the status quo of XR-enabled CEM research, by identifying current research areas in the CEM domain where XR technologies are considered the preferred or recommended methodological solutions. A process model for XR-enabled research is then proposed, with actionable recommendations about how XR-enabled research should be planned, designed, implemented, analyzed, verified, and validated. This process model is demonstrated with two illustrative case studies. Last, the paper discusses the philosophical, methodological, and technological roots of the evolution of XR-enabled CEM research and describes our vision of more enabling, adoptable, and value-adding XR-enabled research in CEM in the near future.

Introduction

Introduction

“Conspiracy theory”: The case for being critically receptive

“Conspiracy theory”: The case for being critically receptive

Magnetic Nanoparticles.

Magnetic nanoparticles have been used in various fields such as data storage, biomedicine, or bioimaging with their unique magnetic property. With their low toxicity, the importance of magnetic nanoparticles keeps increasing especially in biological field. In this chapter, content suitable for scientific inquirers or undergraduates to acquire basic knowledge about nanotechnology is introduced and then recent research trends in nanotechnology are covered.

История понятия «антропоцентризм» в контексте современных размышлений о человеке и цивилизации

The aim of the study is determined by an attempt to analyse the main discursive patterns in the history of the anthropocentric idea, which are interpreted in inextricable connection to the capability of describing modern perceptions of the world and a man. The article provides various interpretations of the anthropocentrism notion as one of philosophical conceptions throughout differrent historical periods, from the ancient times to modern scientific inquires in the context of the most topical issues. The study is novel in that it substantiates potentiality of treating the concept of anthropocentrism as a crucial marker of the philosophical thought development throughout all the stages of human history, a marker representative of a man’s universal reflection regarding his standing in the world and axiological attitudes. The attained results make it possible to embark upon analysing general as well as specific cognitive interests and preferences presented in different branches of modern scientific knowledge, in the context of cognitions characterising the discourse of the anthropocentric idea.

Spanish Civil Protection System as a Part of European Union Emergency Response

European Union is a union of sovereign democratic countries which commonly agreed to integrate and, depending on the area, cooperate towards achieving better quality of life of European citizens. In the case of safety and security, since it is still national domain mainly, rather cooperation than integration aspect is prevailing. Since threats do not respect administrative borders it is the most important to do as much as possible for the cooperation improvement which, in fundamentals, could be done by knowing and understanding each other’s national civil protection and emergency response systems. Things are getting even more complicated if the object of scientific inquires in this respect is a country which is actually a federation of autonomous states as in the case of Spain or Germany. Then the national system as a matter of fact is being composed of a few or even several autonomous regional systems which are constituted and regulated on the regional level of the federation. This type of situation results from the historical, political, geographical backgrounds and due to many more reasons, however, it is always good to put a question how such systems operate in case of emergency? In order to present a synthetic description of the Spanish civil protection and emergency response system scientific methods of cognition such as the critical analysis of legal acts and normative documents as well as synthesis were used in the research. The study concluded with the future challenges for the system which should be undertaken to improve its efficiency.

C. S. Peirce and Josiah Royce: Understanding, self-understanding, and self-misunderstanding

No âmago deste artigo há uma comparação entre a investigação sobre o entendimento de Peirce o relato de interpretação de Royce. Estrutura-se por uma consideração do desentendimento de si (uma consideração desenvolvida em referência a Peirce) e, ligada a esta discussão do desentendimento de si, uma consideração sobre o próprio entendimento. Para Peirce, em razão de sua abordagem da investigação e Royce em sua meta-interpretação (i.e., sua interpretação do significado e da função da própria interpretação) alguma forma de entendimento está em jogo. Por exemplo, a tarefa do investigador científico é inacabada se ela para na descoberta de fatos nus (simplesmente que algo é verdadeiramente o caso – um corpo tal como uma pedra pequena sustentada no alto por uma pessoa cairá no solo se a pessoa soltá-la). Enquanto para ambos os pensadores, as ciências não um corpo de conhecimento seguro, mas uma forma de investigação contínua, ela visa principalmente o entendimento. Tanto Peirce quanto Royce estão animados por um compromisso com a inteligibilidade do cosmos em sua varredura plena e nos mínimos detalhes. A abordagem de Peirce sobre a investigação e a concepção de interpretação de Royce são esforços para detalhar como os atores humanos tornam cada vez mais profunda e amplamente inteligível o mundo de sua experiência. Muito pode ser aprendido comparando-os a este respeito.

Swoistość terminologii stosowanej w naukach o bezpieczeństwie

Security Studies include almost every aspect of human activities and various environments where humanity functions. Research that is held in this field results in theoretical conclusions, as well as catalogs of utilitarian good practices and optimal solutions. The descriptions of scientific inquires includes and uses terms that have their origins in various fields of social science, which forces the user to be able to properly use the specialist language. When looking at the literature in this field, one can see that there are many instances of wrong usage of specialist terminology, words borrowed from foreign languages and creation of new terms that are not necessarily useful when trying to understand security, systematization of views, or creating paradigms. The aim of this paper is to sensitize researchers from the field of security studies to take care to use the proper terminology apparatus that helps to develop this particular field of social studies.

Peirce como leitor & leitura como devaneio

Investigadores científicos no sentido moderno, aqueles pensadores com os quais C.S. Peirce identificava-se mais profundamente, “têm sido bem-sucedidos pois eles passaram suas vidas não em suas bibliotecas ou museus, mas em seus laboratórios e no campo” (CP 1.34). De fato, Peirce gastou incontáveis horas envolvido em uma atividade na qual ele parece menosprezar nesta e em outras passagens. Aliás, ele parece ter interpretado incorretamente sua vida como leitor. O autor oferece um retrato de Peirce como leitor, mesmo quando de maior importância ele se vale de Georges Poulet para delinear uma fenomenologia de leitura e sobre Elaine Scarry para oferecer um relato de leitura como uma forma de devaneio. Além, disso, ele mostra como o pensamento de Peirce garante ambos esforços, acompanhando de perto a consideração peirciana sinequista da mente, consciência e subjetividade, mas também, a consideração às categorias semióticas de diagrama, símbolo e para ícones de graus menores.Investigadores científicos no sentido moderno, aqueles pensadores com os quais C.S. Peirce identificava-se mais profundamente, “têm sido bem-sucedidos pois eles passaram suas vidas não em suas bibliotecas ou museus, mas em seus laboratórios e no campo” (CP 1.34). De fato, Peirce gastou incontáveis horas envolvido em uma atividade na qual ele parece menosprezar nesta e em outras passagens. Aliás, ele parece ter interpretado incorretamente sua vida como leitor. O autor oferece um retrato de Peirce como leitor, mesmo quando de maior importância ele se vale de Georges Poulet para delinear uma fenomenologia de leitura e sobre Elaine Scarry para oferecer um relato de leitura como uma forma de devaneio. Além, disso, ele mostra como o pensamento de Peirce garante ambos esforços, acompanhando de perto a consideração peirciana sinequista da mente, consciência e subjetividade, mas também, a consideração às categorias semióticas de diagrama, símbolo e para ícones de graus menores.

Overview of the reporter genes and reporter mouse models.

Reporter genes are widely applied in biotechnology and biomedical research owning to their easy observation and lack of toxicity. Taking advantage of the reporter genes in conjunction with imaging technologies, a large number of reporter mouse models have been generated. Reporter mouse models provide systems that enable the studies of live cell imaging, cell lineage tracing, immunological research and cancers etc. in vivo. In this review, we describe the types of different reporter genes and reporter mouse models including, random reporter strains, Cre reporter strains and ROSA26 reporter strains. Collectively, these reporter mouse models have broadened scientific inquires and provided potential strategies for generation of novel reporter animal models with enhanced capabilities.

Potential Therapeutic Effects of Psilocybin.

Psilocybin and other 5-hydroxytryptamine2A agonist classic psychedelics have been used for centuries as sacraments within indigenous cultures. In the mid-twentieth century they were a focus within psychiatry as both probes of brain function and experimental therapeutics. By the late 1960s and early 1970s these scientific inquires fell out of favor because classic psychedelics were being used outside of medical research and in association with the emerging counter culture. However, in the twenty-first century, scientific interest in classic psychedelics has returned and grown as a result of several promising studies, validating earlier research. Here, we review therapeutic research on psilocybin, the classic psychedelic that has been the focus of most recent research. For mood and anxiety disorders, three controlled trials have suggested that psilocybin may decrease symptoms of depression and anxiety in the context of cancer-related psychiatric distress for at least 6 months following a single acute administration. A small, open-label study in patients with treatment-resistant depression showed reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms 3 months after two acute doses. For addiction, small, open-label pilot studies have shown promising success rates for both tobacco and alcohol addiction. Safety data from these various trials, which involve careful screening, preparation, monitoring, and follow-up, indicate the absence of severe drug-related adverse reactions. Modest drug-related adverse effects at the time of medication administration are readily managed. US federal funding has yet to support therapeutic psilocybin research, although such support will be important to thoroughly investigate efficacy, safety, and therapeutic mechanisms.

The Mental Health and Life Satisfaction of Children of Drug Abusers in Wenzhou, China

The spread of illegal drug use among adult caregivers of children raises many serious concerns. These concerns are intensified in situations in which drug-using adults are responsible for providing for the care, safety, and general well-being of the children under their care. The relative complexity of these situations is further compounded by the absence of rigorous scientific inquires into the mental health of children being raised in such situations. This survey utilized the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) to measure the mental health and life satisfaction of the children (aged 8 to 18 years) with at least one parent who is a drug abuser. The analysis results show that the psychological health of the children is poor and the mental health of the children affects their life satisfaction. Parents who are addicted to drugs may have an impact on the life satisfactions of their children regardless of the age of the child, and the impact on boys is more serious than on girls.

Age at menarche and premenstrual syndrome in adolescent girls with intellectual disability in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The issues involving menstruation are the topic of many scientific inquires in the fields of medicine, psychology, sociology and anthropology. The aim of this study was to determine the age at menarche and the most common symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in adolescent girls with intellectual disability. The main method of data collection was through the use of a survey and an interview with the girls. The sample consisted of 31 adolescent girls with intellectual disability and 31 adolescent girls without intellectual disability serving as a control group. Both groups were between the ages of 14 and 18 years. The results of this study revealed higher variability of age at menarche in girls with intellectual disability compared to girls without intellectual disability. The symptoms of PMS were almost equally distributed in both groups of girls. Many girls with intellectual disability do not have enough knowledge about menstruation. More attention needs to be given to treating the symptoms of PMS and educating the girls in a school setting.

John Dewey and the Mutual Influence of Democracy and Education

AbstractFor Dewey education is the growth of mental powers, where “growth” has no fixed content but involves the increasing harmonization of individuals with society. That harmonization must respect the uniqueness of each person and his capacity for intelligence. Education aims to develop a model democratic society, which Dewey sees as similar to an ideal community of scientific inquirers. That comparison is highly questionable, however. Dewey's curricular emphases include science, geography, history, literature, and fine arts, the last two of which promote a greater appreciation for all of human life—provided society is not too separated into classes. Related to social division is what he considers the false problems of epistemology, with its separation between mind and world. But Dewey's failure to think more rigorously about the relation of philosophy to science makes his philosophy a poor bulwark against postmodernism.

What is the role of airway pressure release ventilation in the management of acute lung injury

The lack of published evidence supporting the use of APRV in the pediatric critical care patient population may diminish its effective application in respiratory failure. The effect of APRV on the number of ventilator days, ICU stay, and mortality still remains to be studied. Further application of APRV in the role of rest settings for ECMO especially in the pediatric cardiac patient population needs to be investigated. Will the use of APRV decrease the time for adequate lung recruitment, decrease sheer trauma, and/or promote earlier decannulation upon the restoration of tolerable cardiac function? Can APRV be utilized as a re-recruitment maneuver? A comparison of APRV over sustained in a randomized-controlled fashion, will there be a significant difference in ventilator days, length of ICU stay, and/or mortality? Does re-recruitment at plateau pressures during suctioning, patient position changes, or in the face of increased airway resistance decrease the number of ventilator days, length of ICU stay, and/or mortality? Does the use of continuous monitoring of carbon dioxide production aid in optimizing P(high)? The list of questions, both speculative and scientific are too numerous to list. Speculation leads to inquiry which over time drives science. More focus is needed on randomized, controlled trials. Initially the comparison of APRV to HFOV needs to be the primary focus for a proactive approach for ALI. Once a comfort level is established with this modality, further scientific inquires will follow. In the meantime, its use is likely to remain controversial.

John Stuart Mill on the Uses of Diversity

John Stuart Mill has not been considered, for the most part, a useful contributor to debates about either the ‘situation’ of individuals in social groups or to the resolution of conflicts between diverse social groups. But Mill's attempt to combine the role of the ‘practical reformer’ with the theory of social science requires him to situate the social scientific inquirer in a contingent, historical, and cultural social group and to consider both the prospects and difficulties the diversity of cultural groups presents. By examining the role of ‘circumstances’ and ‘custom’ in Mill's thought, Mill's position on the just treatment of diverse groups emerges. Because of the threat posed to liberty and critical rationality by any dominant group, Mill attempts to develop institutional arrangements that prevent any group becoming dominant and that embody critical rationality. A concrete example of such an institutional arrangement is found, somewhat surprisingly, in Mill's India policy.

A Transactional Approach to Economic Science

A VARIETY OF CONFLICTING VIEWS are found among economists on the conduct of inquiry into man's economic behavior. Although few economists have troubled to outline their views on the method of inquiry to be used, the results in the form of numerous textbooks speak for themselves. Outmoded methods are the general rule rather than the exception. Carelessness that lacks even the virtue of poetic license is revealed in the slipshod use of technical terms, procedures that no modern scientific inquirer would tolerate. One of the outstanding contributions of E. C. Harwood's new book, Useful Economics,l is the author's demonstration of the methodological and terminological procedures adopted in developing his economic hypotheses. The author's method of inquiry is what was developed to be the most advanced stage of man's knowing behavior, i.e., the transactional approach as developed by Arthur F. Bentley and John Dewey in Knowing and the Known. An important characteristic of the transactional approach is that it is concerned with all significant aspects of quantitative and qualitative changes including the conversion of quantitative to qualitative changes when practicable. In reporting some of the confusion resulting from inadequate methods of inquiry, Colonel Harwood points out: Any student who takes the classical demand and supply curves to the mathematics department of his college will learn that the point where the theoretical supply and demand curves cross is without significance because three rather than two variables necessarily are involved. Time, the sometimes unmentioned third variable, cannot be disposed of in practice; and two equations involving three variables are still insoluble. Nevertheless, probably thousands of undergraduates are being required to learn what, to mathematicians, obviously is nonsense.

British Food Journal Volume 29 Issue 9 1927

British Food Journal Volume 29 Issue 9 1927

The Measurement of Social Forces

ATRUE and complete description of any? thing must include measurements of it. Even identification of it may turn on dimensions. A memorandum on a police blotter would hardly nair a crook if it recorded only such qualitative facts as color of eyes and hair, omitting to mention height or weight, not to speak of lesser items of the Bertillon scheme. There has been a good deal of unprecise talk among sociologists and workers about social For quacks and amateurs the phrase is charged with mana. It creates an illusion of knowledge at command which suspends intellectual animation, and may end in mental coma. To scientific inquirers able to keep their heads it offers possibilities not yet exploited. Social forces there are; obvious in manifes? tation or detected by accident, subtle in work? ing or terrific in explosion, and so far known; but they are not yet brought within scientific description, certainly not within the quantitative formulation characteristic of our familiar descrip? tions of thermo-dynamic, chemical, and electromagnetic forces. Therefore, they are not always correctly identified and classified. The lists of forces that we now and then encounter