Scientific Heritage Research Articles

ІСТОРИЧНІ ЕКСКУРСІЇ ГІМНАЗИСТІВ ЧОЛОВІЧИХ ГІМНАЗІЙ КИЄВА У МОДЕРНУ ДОБУ

The article uses archival and special historical literature to study the development of historical excursions of gymnasium students of Kyiv men’s gymnasiums in the early twentieth century in the context of their everyday life. The study is based on the principles of historicism, scientificity and authorial objectivity, as well as on the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalisation, comparison) and special historical (historical-typological, historical-systemic) methods. In order to deepen and improve school education, the microhistorical method can also be distinguished. The historical experience of using means in school practice aimed at improving the individual through upbringing and education is gaining relevance in connection with the transformation of the values and ideals of postmodern society. In Ukraine, the modern era was marked by major changes in the socio-economic and cultural spheres. It was at this time that the excursion business received a new impetus for its development. The article highlights the process of formation of state regulation of student tourism in the Russian Empire in the late imperial period. The task is to study the plans, routes, directions, means of organising and implementing historical gymnasium excursions in Kyiv. It has been found that the scientific interest in gymnasium excursion activity aroused among researchers at the beginning of its inception, namely in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, in particular in the works of S. Rusova, N. Akinfeev, I. Arepiev, N. Bazhenov, I. Greaves and V. Bitner. However, their works covered only excursion activities around the empire. In the Soviet period, R. Diakova, Y. Rukhlov, L. Logvinov, V. Sychynavi, H. Dolzhenko, B. Emelianov, and others studied the subject of excursions. But their works were mostly of an all-Union nature. Among the recent research studies, it is worth noting the works of Y. Narovlyansky, H. Usykin, S. Hrybanova, N. Savchuk and V. Verbytsky. The author has found that none of the researchers has specifically studied the excursion activities of male gymnasium students in Kyiv. Kyiv to the historical sites of Kyiv in the modern era. The author focuses on the informative and analytical material of archival data and scientific achievements of researchers of different generations. It is concluded that the scientific heritage of researchers who reveal the general aspects of excursion business is quite extensive. At the same time, today there are still many little-known and under-researched aspects of this multifaceted issue, namely historical excursions in Kyiv, gymnasiums of men’s gymnasiums in Kyiv in the early twentieth century. The author hopes that the published information will contribute to the intensification of the search for new documents that will help shed light on both the little-known pages of the history of education in Kyiv men’s gymnasiums and the modern history of Kyiv and Ukraine.

Extracurricular education in the scientific heritage of the Ukrainian philosopher Volodymyr Shinkaruk

Extracurricular education in the scientific heritage of the Ukrainian philosopher Volodymyr Shinkaruk

Социальное познание и социальный контекст: новое прочтение научного наследия Г.М. Андреевой

Background. Studying the reception of the scientific heritage of G.M. Andreeva in social psychology and related disciplines is relevant due to the increasing attention to the psychology of uncertainty and transitive society. This attention is the result of the historical process of modernization, understood as a crisis transition from a traditional way of thinking and life to a modern one. Objective. The purpose of the article is to show the heuristic nature of the ideas proposed by G.M. Andreeva in modern psychology as well as to identify new directions for the study of social cognition as a process of constructing an image of the social world in a situation of social transformations. Study Participants. A meta-analysis of theoretical and empirical studies based on the approach of G.M. Andreeva is carried out. The sample was made up of representatives of various social groups of Russian society, which allows us to draw conclusions about the structure of the image of the world, constructed in everyday and mass consciousness under the influence of radical social transformations. Methods. Methods of historical and psychological hermeneutics and comparative analysis are used, as well as a complex of qualitative research methods. Results. The epistemological and conceptual principles of G.M. Andreeva’s scientific school of social psychology are revealed. These principles focus on the problems of social cognition. The ways of conceptualizing the social context (lifeworld, life space, social institutions) and the units of its description and analysis (cognitive, affective and behavioral) are highlighted. The system of categories for psychological analysis of contexts presented in the article (image of the social world — collective emotions — coping strategies) allows us to study the phenomenology and mechanisms of social cognition in a changing transitive society, as well as to set directions for further research on the topic. Conclusions. The relevance of the ideas and scientific forecasts of G.M. Andreeva has been proven. The ideas have received empirical confirmation in modern interdisciplinary research and provide a solid theoretical and methodological basis for the psychological understanding and explanation of social change.

M.N. Zhirkov – the first researcher of the Yakut khomus: questions of origin, execution, existence

The article is devoted to a previously unexplored problem - M.N. Zhirkov's study of the Yakut khomus, the study of which he undertook for the first time in the history of Yakut musical culture. The author of this article summarizes for the first time the aspects posed by the researcher about the Yakut khomus. The subject of research is the scientific views of M.N. Zhirkov about the Yakut musical instrument - the khomus. The object of study is the scientific heritage of the first Yakut composer and an outstanding musical figure. The main results of our research are the following theses. At the beginning of the twentieth century, there was an increase in interest in traditional musical instruments and their performing practices. This statement is also relevant in relation to the Yakut khomus, which in modern conditions is experiencing its revival and active introduction into musical and cultural turnover. The article uses a retrospective and historical-comparative, as well as a comprehensive research method, in which the khomus is considered as an integral part of the traditional, and now wider, musical culture of the Yakuts, taking into account the data available today from archaeology, ethnography, and history. M.N. Zhirkov is presented as the first researcher of the Yakut khomus and as the composer and founder of the national school of composition. In the fundamental work "Yakut folk Music", published only after almost half a century after author's death (a new edition of this study dates back to 2022, made in an edition preserving the style and position of M.N. Zhirkov from the standpoint of the historical time when the famous scientific work was created), its author for the first time turned his gaze to the issues of the origin, existence, and functioning of the khomus in the traditional musical culture of the Yakuts. The materials presented by him have not previously been generalized in the scientific literature and are of great interest to modern researchers of the Yakut Khomus.

THE ROLE OF IVAN FRANKO IN THE FORMATION OF THE PARADIGM OF THE UKRAINIAN FINANCIAL SYSTEM

Introduction. The article is devoted to the theoretical and conceptual ideas of I. Franko. A scientific study of the main paradigms in the works and publications of the famous Ukrainian scientist is carried out, namely in the field of functioning of the financial environment of society, information is provided from the standpoint of understanding the evolutionary nature of the formation of approaches to the interpretation of the historical development of financial science. In order to obtain proper scientific results in the study of Franko's scientific work, the main scientific methods were used, namely empirical ones – to reassess the macro-financial analysis of the budgetary sphere of Galicia of the XIX–XX centuries; theoretical – for the projection of the scientist's ideas on the modern theoretical and applied realities of the functioning of society; synthesis – to identify relevant concepts for improving the country's financial system; abstraction – to identify the key directions and warnings of the great Ukrainian thinker regarding the financial and political development of society; generalization – for the formation of timely authoritative proposals of I. Franko, which strengthen the financial paradigms of modern financial scientists working on research of the financial environment of society, and the formation of key proposals for improving its institutions in conditions of uncertainty. The purpose of the article is to generalize the scientific heritage of I. Franko in order to reassess the main paradigms of the functioning of the modern financial system of Ukraine. Results. The main ideas and debatable issues related to the functioning of the country's financial system on the territory of Galicia during the period of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, especially the budgetary sphere, the business environment and the financial capacity of individuals, are allocated. Ivan Franko's approach to the study of financial relations and detailing of financial analysis at all levels of the economic system has been updated, which allows us to assert a significant contribution of the scientist to the development of macro-financial analysis. The main problems identified by the scientist in his research are considered and his own scientific vision for the prospects and proper adaptation of scientific proposals is formed. Conclusions. Based on the carried out research, the need to strengthen the role of higher education institutions, the mechanism for balancing budget revenues and expenditures and the financial and legal policy of social direction to strengthen the sovereignty of Ukraine and the development of its financial system is proposed and substantiated.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ВЗАИМООТНОШЕНИЯМИ СО СТЕЙКХОЛДЕРАМИ В СИСТЕМЕ РИСК-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА

The article is devoted to the study of stakeholder groups in the implementation of any form of procurement procedures in the context of risk management. The factors influencing the formation of a risky situation in the Russian market are examined and structured in detail. The scientific heritage of the concept of “stakeholder” is critically rethought, and the connection between risk management and stakeholder groups in the process of implementing procurement procedures is systematized. A comparative description of theoretical and practical results, developments and recommendations on the formation and management of stakeholder groups has been carried out. During the research process, stakeholders were analyzed and classified into groups with a detailed examination of the method of their influence on procurement and recommendations were presented for effective interaction with these stakeholders.

Regarding the interpretation of the essence of legal responsibility in the scientific heritage of supporters of the positivist paradigm of the mid – 19th – early 20th centuries in Ukraine

Regarding the interpretation of the essence of legal responsibility in the scientific heritage of supporters of the positivist paradigm of the mid – 19th – early 20th centuries in Ukraine

Kazakh khans of the 15th–17th centuries in the scientific heritage of Shigabutdin Marjani

Kazakh khans of the 15th–17th centuries in the scientific heritage of Shigabutdin Marjani

ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫЙ КАПИТАЛ И ИННОВАЦИИ: ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ВЗАИМОСВЯЗИ И УПРАВЛЕНИЯ

The article is devoted to the study of the conceptual and methodological foundations and conceptual and categorical analysis of the definition of “intellectual capital”, as well as the economic evolution of its formation and development. The scientific heritage of scientists representing classical and neoclassical schools of economics is critically rethought, and a comparative characteristic of theoretical and practical results, developments and recommendations on the formation and management of innovative activities and intellectual capital of enterprises is performed. In the course of the study, the causal relationship between intellectual capital and innovation was revealed and the high importance of the function of managing innovation processes in modern high-tech economic entities of the knowledge-intensive industrial complex was determined.

He article examines the historical and geographical appearance of the Irtysh River in the Middle Ages and modern times. The Irtysh River is one of the most important rivers in Eurasia. This river had a special role both in the Middle Ages and in modern times. It is unique even now. The river originates in China, most of it passes

The article examines the historical and geographical appearance of the Irtysh River in the Middle Ages and modern times. The Irtysh River is one of the most important rivers in Eurasia. This river had a special role both in the Middle Ages and in modern times. It is unique even now. The river originates in China, most of it passes through Kazakhstan and flows into the Ob River in Russia. The Ob, in turn, flows into the Arctic Ocean. The Irtysh River is often mentioned in Arab-Persian sources in connection with various military-political and economic conditions in the Eurasian space. In addition, the sources provide information about the flora and fauna of the river, its natural resources and widespread economic use. The scientific heritage of Academician V.V. Bartold contains important and interesting information about the Irtysh River, which played an important role in the economy and history of the countries of Central Asia, and the entire continent of Eurasia. The scientific heritage of Academician V.V. Bartold, based on Arab-Persian sources, shows that the Irtysh River occupied an important place in the Eurasian space. In this regard, this article makes an attempt to collect and summarize this information, thereby forming the historical and geographical appearance of the Irtysh River.

Роль научных школ выдающихся учёных в формировании и развитии академических институтов Сибири

As the first regional branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences has been established in Siberia in 1957, a new stage of scientific exploration of the region began. For the first time, research has become systematic rather than isolated. The efforts of prominent scientists yielded fundamental results. The scientific heritage of the founders of scientific schools and institutions of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences is a relevant and important asset of modern culture, which requires comprehensive study and development. The paper presents the key approaches to the study of scientific heritage of distinguished scholars. The study subject is scientific schools as a framework for the establishment and development of academic institutions in Siberia; their history reflects the crucial milestones in the evolution of fundamental knowledge and scientific exploration of the region.

FEDIR YEVSTAFIYOVYCH PETRUN (1894–1963): THE KNOWN AND UNKNOWN PAGES OF BIOGRAPHY (UP TO THE 60s AND 130th ANNIVERSARY)

The article examines the biography and intellectual activity of Fedir Yevstafiyovych Petrun. He is an Odesa historian, librarian, bibliographer, orientalist, cartographer, geographer and teacher. During the entire time of his activity, he managed to work in a wide variety of higher educational institutions of Odesa, but he worked most of all in the structure of the Scientific Library of the Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University. The degree of research of the problem in historical science has been clarified. It is indicated that in Ukrainian historiography there is no special study dedicated to the maximally complete reconstruction of the biography of F. Petrun. On the basis of documentary materials of the State Archive of the Odesa region, related to the history of various centers and structures of cultural development in Odesa, previously unpublished historical sources have been introduced into scientific circulation, which contribute to the reconstruction and clarification of previously unknown nuances and vicissitudes of the scientist’s life path. The represented archival materials are also a valuable source for studying the development of higher education and science in Odesa in the period of the 1910s-30s, in particular, the history of the higher school, the library network, and biographical data of some scientists of the specified time. The information from questionnaires filled out by F. Petrun and autobiographies written by him, discovered in various Odesa archives, complements the data from the history of everyday life of the higher school and the library network of Odesa. The difficult path of a scientist in the 20s and 30s of the 20th century, the influence of political and ideological pressure on the everyday life of the scientific and pedagogical intelligentsia of the USSR, is traced. His role in the life of the higher school and the library network, scientific heritage, scientific and personal contacts of the scientist, their influence on his life and entry into the academic community and communication relations in it are reconstructed.

Publications of the Taras Shevchenko Scientific Society as Historical Sources of Research on the Book Heritage of Ukraine

Objective. The purpose of the article is to study the history of the multidisciplinary publishing business of the fundamental Ukrainian organization of the 19th century – the Taras Shevchenko Scientific Society. The object is the scientific book heritage of the Society for 150 years, which is a powerful potential of the educational process and patriotic education of young people. Methods. In accordance with the tasks set, analytical and synthetic, systemic and structural, comparative and statistical methods of scientific research are developed and used. This article analyses the collections of rare and valuable editions of the scientific library of the Oles Honchar Dnipro National University (DNU), namely, the collection of publications of the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. Results. The research analyzes the entire collection of scientific works of the Scientific Society of the 19th and early 21st centuries, which is kept in the Oles Honchar Dnipro National University library. The editions of the 19th and early 20th centuries and a book collection of the Canadian branch of the National Academy of Sciences of the second half of the 20th century are valuable in terms of content. Special attention is paid to the study of sources on the history of Ukraine as records of the national book heritage. A selection of modern publications of the Society by subject is highlighted. Conclusions. One of the important activities of a scientific library is the disclosure and dissemination of information space regarding its collections. The book Heritage of the Taras Shevchenko Scientific Society is a unique primary source for studying the history of the formation of the national identity of Ukrainians.

ENGLISH-LANGUAGE FILM TEXTS AS A MATERIAL FOR THE STUDY OF IRONY

The main purpose of the article is to study the use and difficulties of translating irony in English-language film texts. For this purpose, a thorough study of theoretical research on the concept of "irony" was conducted. The increasing demand for Ukrainian-language dubbing of foreign films and the Ukrainization of the film industry make this issue particularly relevant. To achieve this goal, general scientific methods such as analysis, synthesis, historical method and description were used. The article deals with the origin of the phenomenon of irony, sarcasm as a negative form of irony, the peculiarities of multimodal use of irony in film texts and the difficulties of its translation. In the course of analyzing scientific works on the study of irony in the field of cinema such communicative functions of irony as criticism, ridicule and parody were identified. The ways of conveying ironic content were also considered, namely: visual, acoustic and kinesics. The results of this study can be used to identify, interpret and translate irony. The study makes a significant contribution to the scientific heritage of both translation theory and practice and pragmalinguistics. After all, translating irony requires not only deep knowledge of the source and target languages, but also an understanding and ability to interpret the intention of the ironist. The scientific novelty of this study is an attempt to cover and generalize the ways in which irony is used and translated. Given how widespread irony is in film texts, the results of the study indicate that further research is relevant.

Comparison of the Texts of “Khamsatu-L-Mutahayyiriyn” and “Rashahot” Works (in the Example of Maulana Abdurahman Jami’s Manoqib)

Objectives: This section outlines the specific goals and intentions of the article, focusing on the significance of Fakhruddin Ali Safi bin Husayn Waiz Koshifi's work, particularly his contributions to secular and religious sciences. The objectives include an exploration of the ideas present in his writings, such as the promotion of high moral qualities, the transmission of scientific heritage, and the cultivation of healthy thinking and pure morals, with a specific focus on his work "Rashahot."
 
 Methods: This part details the methodology employed in the study, explaining how the exploration of Ali Safi Koshifi Hiravi's work "Rashahot" was conducted. It may involve an analysis of various sources that influenced the writing of the work, considering both secular and religious texts. The section may also discuss the approach taken in the article, highlighting the lack of previous research on the history of the creation of the text "Rashahot" within the domains of textology and source studies.
 
 Results: In this section, the article presents the findings derived from the exploration of Fakhruddin Ali Safi's work, particularly focusing on the sources that influenced the writing of "Rashahot." This includes insights into the specific ideas expressed in the text, the historical context surrounding its creation, and any unique features that contribute to its significance. The results aim to provide a deeper understanding of the text's origins and the broader implications of Ali Safi Koshifi Hiravi's contributions.
 
 Conclusion: The conclusion summarizes the key findings and insights gathered from the study of Fakhruddin Ali Safi's work, emphasizing the significance of "Rashahot" and its historical context. It may discuss the broader impact of Ali Safi Koshifi Hiravi's ideas on the promotion of high moral qualities and the transmission of scientific heritage. Additionally, the section may address the gap in previous research on the history of the creation of "Rashahot" within the fields of textology and source studies, highlighting the need for further exploration in these areas.

Діяльність державних органів влади щодо подолання безробіття в УСРР у 1920-х рр.

The purpose of the article on the basis of archival sources and scientific heritage of domestic scientists analyzes the experience of practical activities of state authorities to solve the problem of mass unemployment of the population of the Ukrainian SSR in the 1920s. The research methodology is based on the fundamental principles of historical research: historicism, consistency, objectivity in the selection of facts and documents. Among the special methods used in the study should be called problem-chronological, historical-systemic, historical-typological. The scientific novelty of the article is to reveal the features of state policy and the activities of state authorities to overcome the unemployment of employees through the system of compulsory state social insurance. Conclusions. Having finally seized power in Ukraine, the Bolshevik leadership publicly declared the need to create an effective system of social support for especially vulnerable segments of the population. Of course, declarative slogans did not reflect real intentions and opportunities. Under the conditions of a debilitating civil war and economic devastation, it was quite natural to see a massive increase in the number of unemployed and a drop in the living standards of the population. This was especially exacerbated with the transition to a new economic policy. In the early 1920s a number of legislative initiatives were adopted to mitigate the unemployment situation. It was about the introduction of compulsory unemployment insurance at the state level. Insurance premiums paid by employers and employees were to become the financial basis for the payment of benefits to the unemployed. The implementation of this state policy on the ground relied on labor exchanges. However, excessive bureaucracy and a limited number of such institutions could not sufficiently solve this problem. The lack of funds for material support of the population was particularly acute, so the government was forced to look for alternative options: public works, in-kind assistance or the provision of various benefits. Active industrial construction, which began at the end of the 1920s, led to an increase in the demand for labor. In such conditions, the Party-Soviet leadership took a course to eliminate unemployment by administrative means, not recognizing as unemployed those workers who refused the job offered to them.

Cultural Footprint. Rich Personality of the Teacher as a Factor of the Development of Scientific Schooling

Between November 1st to 2nd, 2023 the Faculty of Philology of Moscow State University held a scientific and methodological seminar Linguodidactic description of the Russian language in the “mirror” of foreign language systems, dedicated to the 95th anniversary of the birth of Professor M. V. Vsevolodova and her scientific heritage. An outstanding scientist, Doctor of Philology, Honored Professor of Moscow State University, Honorary Professor of the Shanghai University of Foreign Languages, Maya Vladimirovna Vsevolodova was at the origins of the creation of one of the most important applied areas in Russian studies — Russian as a foreign language (RFL). She was one of the founders of the linguodidactic scientific school in the field of RFL, as well as in the field of functional communicative grammar. The seminar was attended by famous scientists (E. L. Barkhudarova, L. P. Klobukova, A. V. Velichko, V. V. Krasnykh) and young teachers from different universities of Russia (Kazan Federal University, Vladivostok State University, etc.). Over two days of work, seminar participants listened to 35 reports. Most of the reports were devoted to the personality of Maya Vladimirovna along with her scientific and teaching activities. In his opening address Professor A. A. Lipgart called the seminar an important scientific event and wished the participants interesting creative reports. On the first day of the seminar O. V. Chagina and L. P. Klobukova spoke of the unique personality, intellect, and work of Maya Vladimirovna. E. L. Barkhudarova devoted her report to Vsevolodova’s textbook of Russian phonetics for Polish speakers, a model of a nationally oriented pronunciation course. On the second day of the seminar there were two sections — Grammar and Cultural Studies. The work of both was opened by reports from teachers of the Russian Language Department of the MGIMO University. N. D. Afanasyeva, in her report, emphasized the importance of considering the characteristics of the national mentality of students, the need not only to give students knowledge about the Russian language as a system, but also to include them in Russianlanguage communication. The presentation contained many striking examples, which aroused great interest among the audience. T. L. Borisenko shared her experience of teaching verb types in the RFL practical grammar course. As on the first day of the seminar, on November 2nd, some of the reports were of a memorial nature and were dedicated directly to the personality of Maya Vladimirovna. The cultural significance of the work of Maya Vladimirovna Vsevolodova, the creator of a scientific school, a wonderful scientist and wise mentor who raised more than one generation of Russian scholars, goes beyond her time: her students continue her work today in different parts of the world.

Dmytro Ivanovych Kachenovskyi – a legal scholar, educator and teacher (based on the materials of Kharkiv Law Society)

The article examines the scientific and pedagogical activities of the legal scholar, professor of Kharkiv University Dmytro Ivanovych Kachenovskyi (1827–1872). The researcher pioneered the national legal education and had a significant impact on its development. The study of the creative work of the mid-nineteenth century international law expert became relevant in the early twentieth century. In 1903, Kharkiv Law Society held a solemn meeting on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of Dmytro Kachenovskyi’s death. Following the meeting, a collection of materials in memory of Dmytro Kachenovskyi was published. These materials are a valuable historical source that contain special information and contribute to a deeper study of the scientist’s scientific heritage. The study of the source expands the existing documentary base. The purpose of the study is to study and analyse the materials of the collection published by the Kharkiv Law Society in honour of Professor Kachenovskyi.
 The analysis of memoirs helps to reconstruct the key episodes of a scientist's life in more detail, to form an idea of his personality, to explore the directions of his scientific research, views on topical social issues, attitude to teaching, relationships with colleagues, and influence on students.
 It has been proved that the distinctive features of the scientist were humanistic guidelines, breadth of outlook, and diversity of scientific interests. His natural abilities, academic education, developed intellect, and ability to work determined his personality. His knowledge of foreign languages, foreign internships, personal contacts with foreign colleagues, and the study of European scientific literature in the original allows us to characterise him as a typical representative of the “inner West” who saw his mission in spreading education and the latest scientific achievements. His lectures, which were characterised by a comprehensive approach to teaching, brought up a generation of public and judicial figures of the era of great reforms.

АКАДЕМИК В.А. ОБРУЧЕВ – ПЕРВЫЙ ДИРЕКТОР ГИН АН СССР

The article is devoted to the first director of the Geological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union Vladimir Obruchev. The reasons for his election and his connection with the Institute throughout his life are considered. Attention is paid to the creation, on the initiative of Obruchev, of a new field of geosciences at the Institute – the history of geological knowledge. The work with the scientific heritage of academician Vladimir Obruchev is highlighted.

АКАДЕМИК В.А. ОБРУЧЕВ – ПЕРВЫЙ ДИРЕКТОР ГИН АН СССР

The article is devoted to the first director of the Geological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union Vladimir Obruchev. The reasons for his election and his connection with the Institute throughout his life are considered. Attention is paid to the creation, on the initiative of Obruchev, of a new field of geosciences at the Institute – the history of geological knowledge. The work with the scientific heritage of academician Vladimir Obruchev is highlighted.