Scientific Essay Research Articles

РЕЦЕПЦІЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ЕМІГРАЦІЙНОЇ ЛІТЕРАТУРИ НА СТОРІНКАХ ЖУРНАЛУ «СУЧАСНІСТЬ»

The article reviews the publications of literary journal “Suchasnist” devoted to emigration literature. The article by G. Grabovich “Great Literature”, in which the author analyzed the course of the famous discussion on the Art Ukrainian movement period, and the meaning of the idea of “Great literature” that had formed its antithesis – the New York group of poets. One of the most significant publications of “Suchasnist” was the report entitled “From the Chronicle of Literary Life in the Diaspora” by G. Kostiuk, the Head of the Ukrainian Writers Assosiation “Slovo”. The first part was about organizational activity of the association, and the second – about creative achievements of writers, paying attention to the “ideological and artistic essence” of the analyzed works. It is noted that the journal published a variety of materials devoted to the development of emigration poetry: interviews, reviews, articles on the works of the New York young poets group, as well as the recognized masters V. Barka, Yuri Klen, E. Malaniuk, and others. Besides the poetry, the constant focus of the journal was the prose. The reviews by A.G. Gorbach considered historical novels and the stories by M. Lazorsky, Y. Radzikevic, P. Fedenko, written from the standpoint of Ukrainian historical science, as an alternative to the Ukrainian Soviet-style literature based on Russian / Soviet historiography. Journal`s editorial team paid also much attention to the works interpreting the fate of the Ukrainians during the twentieth century. Numerous publications examined in particular the works of little-known prose writers (E. Zagachevsky), not yet properly appreciated ones (O. Izarsky), as well as internationally recognized ones (I. Bagryany, V. Barka). A number of review articles devoted to the work of different prose writers, such as L. Zaleska-Onyshkevich, O. Tarnavsky, Y. Stefanyk, belongs to the type of literary portraits or scientific critical essays the “mainland” reader got used to. The journal publications have often enjoyed a significant resonance. These include materials intended to remind emigration of the life and work of V. Vynnychenko: articles by M. Molnar and G. Kostyuk, Gusar-Struk and I. Lisyak-Rudnytsky.

New archival documents for the biography of the finder of antique artifacts A. Ashik

The article highlights the role and significance of the form list as an important historical source in the study of the biography and intellectual heritage of the famous seeker and keeper of ancient artifacts in the Northern Black Sea region in the second quarter of the nineteenth century – Anton Ashik (1892–1854). In the Russian Empire, form lists were the main form of accounting for officials and provided information on the major milestones of their biographies and achievements in employment. Thanks to the document found, it was possible to confirm that A. Ashik, being an official in the civil service, became interested in the search for archeological finds in the Northern Black Sea and left a significant contribution to the development of world archeology in the XIXth century, when the process of institutionalization of archeology took place. The purpose of this publication is to highlight the information potential of a document found in the State Archives of the Odesa region, which allows to expand the information field on the facts of the life of A. Ashik. Using the historical comparative method, he was able to supplement some of the gaps in his biography, to find out some points about his family, to find out about the salaries of officials depending on their position, and to establish some moments about the material incentives and rewards of officials for their search and publishing activities. during the formation of archeology as a science during the first half of the XIXth century. The issue of established benefits that his children could enjoy when entering school (even in the case of his father's death) was also clarified. Thanks to archival sources, it became possible to supplement the biography of the famous in the XIXth century and the new facts of A. Ashik's biography open the field for new historical research and the writing of a synthetic scientific essay.

Disruptive Technologies in the Light of Socio-economic Revolutions: the EU and World Experience

The relevance of the work explains the need to promote advanced scientific knowledge in the context of accelerating scientific and technological progress. The purpose of the article is to reveal the main content of disruptive technologies and related socio-economic processes that occur during the three industrial revolutions. Based on a retrospective analysis of socio-economic revolutions in human history, the popular scientific essay explains the logic and development of technical and social systems. The article shows how the change of production forces and economic relations influences the ratio of individual components in the essential triad of man: bio-socio-labor. The content of the three industrial revolutions that humanity experiences today is revealed separately (Industry 3.0, Industry 4.0, Industry 5.0). It is explained that the works that launched these revolutions took place in the European countries. In particular, the Third Industrial Revolution is aimed at solving the problems of the global environmental crisis. The key transformation tools are alternative energy, additive technologies based on 3D printers, horizontal network structures of production and consumption. The main direction of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is the creation of a unified network of cyber-physical systems capable of working without humans. One of its leading forms is the Internet of Things. The humanization of socio-economic development is a key objective of the Fifth Industrial Revolution, which is focused on achieving the maximum realization of the creative potential of the human-social basis. The focus is on the key processes of the three industrial revolutions and the changes that take place in the essential triad of man. This article is a popular scientific essay. Key words: industrial revolution, disruptive technology, personality, human-bio, human-socio, human-labor, cyber-physical system.

The Other Coups: The 2018 Election, Between Legacy and Legitimacy

The theoretical and methodological perspective was the materialism historical dialectic with Granscian categories, with concepts of the historical hegemonic block, counter hegemonic block, organicity, domination. The main sources of data used are primary and secondary, which include data collected by the author based on the technique of participant observation of the qualitative method. This social scientific essay analyzes political process of the others parliamentary coup carried out in Paraguay. These socials events were done to promote the Constitutional Amendment for presidential re-election. However, they were aborted by the citizen pressure that culminated in the March 2017 crisis with the death of Rodrigo Quintana, a young leader of the Authentic Radical Liberal Party - PLRA. This sad social event was followed by a series of parliamentary blows in 2018 during the electoral campaign being defined only after the elections of 2018. In this context, the work aims to shed light on the events that preceded the results of the 2018 elections. For this purpose, it is analyzed the different blows that were given in different powers of the State preparing the continuity of the same regime, in the years 2017 and 2018. The conclusion is that a cris of organization within the hegemonic block, first of all. Then, it was a crisis of domination between the hegemonic block and the counter hegemonic block with the final polarization of the 2018 election.

The Paradigms of Traditional Educational Culture in the Context of Liquid Modernity: An Empirical Study

This scientific essay presents the results of the empirical research on the relations between traditional educational culture and the postmodern context in Luziania’s high schools, where the aim is to comprehend the contradictions between traditional pedagogical and contemporary tendencies applied to public schools. It reviews bibliographically from the perspective of different Brazilian education thinkers to discuss the paradox between traditional educational culture and the postmodern context, with a goal to investigate the relationship between the theoretical basis that supports the characteristics of traditional liberal pedagogical culture and the current scenario. The field research was held through the application of a structured questionnaire, as a basis in the construct denominated Conceptual Model of study of the paradigms of traditional educational culture in the context of liquid modernity, with questions closed and based on the Likert scale. At last, it highlights that the empirical evidences of research indicate that in light of the social, economic and cultural context of the rapid and complex transformations of postmodern society, there is still a predominance of traditional liberal pedagogical thinking. Thus, based on this research, it is inferred that the paradigms of traditional education overlap with the thoughts and dynamics of society inserted in the context of liquid modernity.

Creativity in Science

Modern science is expected to generate new knowledge and understanding. In this scientific essay, I wish to explore the field of creativity in science by contributing a theoretical perspective on creativity and the creative process, which will include exemplifying different factors that promote or inhibit creativity, as well as reflecting on creativity in my own research project. In addition, I examine how we can help strengthen creativity in the context of discovery in research, then I provide a discussion of the issue.

Apropiación territorial y recursos hídricos en la cuenca de los ríos Grijalva y Usumacinta, México

Se discute, bajo la estructura de un ensayo científico, sobre la potestad y aprovechamiento del agua en la cuenca de los ríos Grijalva y Usumacinta, en el sureste de México. Se distinguen conflictos asociados con las políticas públicas que promueve el estado mexicano, inclinadas a privatizar y concesionar bienes y servicios públicos. Las tendencias son preocupantes para los usuarios públicos del agua en términos de equidad, disponibilidad, costo, calidad e impactos socio ambientales derivados de modelos extractivos y de transformación que privilegian la rentabilidad económica sobre el desarrollo social. Alternativamente, debe consolidarse la participación ciudadana dentro de las figuras legales de los consejos y comités de cuenca, de manera que su peso legal y representación social apuntale territorialidades más democráticas.

Austerity and the future of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS): health in perspective.

This article proposes an analysis of the fiscal austerity measures of the Brazilian government and its unfolding in the public health system. It has examined the post-impeachment period of the president of Brazil and the changes of the social policies conduct in opposition to the principle of equity and universality in health with impacts on Brazilian sovereignty. It was a scientific essay on the perspective of the Unified Health System (SUS) and the policy development based on fiscal austerity that is taking place in the Brazilian political scenario, seeking to articulate a diagnosis of the impact of these actions on the structure of the country and the health rights. In this way, we conclude that the SUS is in imminent danger and that austerity policies in Brazil have denied the social gains achieved from previous governments, contributing to the discussion on health systems in the context of the neoliberal economic pressure and its impacts on lifestyles and access to the health services of the Brazilian people.

Da lógica ao lucro: uma reflexão sobre a aplicabilidade da lógica dominada por serviço ao ramo hoteleiro

A Lógica Dominada por Serviço (LDS) obteve importância na ciência de marketing por oferecer uma perspectiva alternativa para a compreensão das trocas sociais e econômicas. Para tanto, o estudo dos sistemas econômicos é redirecionado de um foco centrado tão somente na materialidade do produto para outra lógica, pós-materialista, em que os recursos operantes são essenciais e o serviço é trocado por serviço. Este ensaio científico pretende elucidar, mediante uma reflexão, os principais pontos levantados na LDS, considerando es- pecialmente o conceito de ecossistema de serviço, e avaliando/propondo a aplicação dos conceitos da LDS ao ramo de hotelaria. Uma das proposições da LDS aplicáveis às empresas hoteleiras diz respeito à cocriação de valor, em que hóspedes são tratados como cocriadores. A cocriação de valor resulta da integração de recursos de múltiplos atores em suas interações, tanto nas trocas diretas quanto indiretas.

Gdzie kończy się literatura? Głos Pana i Golem XIV — Stanisława Lema „resztki po powieści”

Where the literature ends? His Master’s Voice and Golem XIV — Stanisław Lem’s “relics of a novel”The paper discusses the literary works of Polish science fiction writer — Stanisław Lem, particulary two of his late novels: His Master’s Voice 1968 and Golem XIV 1981. The essay focuses on the relics of a novel in these non-narrative works, including the lectures of an artificial intelligence Golem XIV and scientific essays on the first contact between humans and alien life form His Master’s Voice. A subject of the paper is the psychoanalysis of the creative process and the reading of the relics of a novel such as a description as a pattern of development or a found-manuscript device in terms of Lacanian theory of the symptom and the theory of jouissance of the speaking subject parlêtre.

The Specter of Races: Latin American Anthropology and Literature Between the Wars by Anke Birkenmaier

Reviewed by: The Specter of Races: Latin American Anthropology and Literature Between the Wars by Anke Birkenmaier Anne Garland Mahler Birkenmaier, Anke. The Specter of Races: Latin American Anthropology and Literature Between the Wars. Charlottesville: U of Virginia P, 2016. 224 pp. In The Specter of Races: Latin American Anthropology and Literature Between the Wars, Anke Birkenmaier resituates discussions of race and culture in the 1930s-40s in Latin America within the rise of anthropology in the region. Spanning broad geography and texts published in English, French, Spanish, and Portuguese, each of the four chapters centers on an anthropologist-writer: Fernando Ortiz of Cuba, French Americanist Paul Rivet, Haitian writer Jacques Roumain, and Brazilian Gilberto Freyre. The book considers not only the less frequently studied works of these writers but also the networks and debates within anthropology through which each writer formulated his notions of race and cultural contact. In this way, Birkenmaier introduces readers to a number of lesser-known figures within these heavyweights' broader professional milieus. The four writers that structure the study, as Birkenmaier points out, "were temporary or permanent exiles" in the interwar years, a condition that "instigated new reflections on one's own culture and that of 'others'" (9). They all participated in an exchange among Latin American, US, and French Americanist anthropologists that would forge the "Americanist years," a reference to Paul Rivet's French Société des Américanistes that would profoundly influence the development of the discipline in Latin America. These anthropologists engaged in a hemispheric and comparatist dialogue, employed a varied range of methods, and founded their approach in an anti-racist politics intended to undermine the rise of fascism. As transnational American studies continues to gain ground within our contemporary academic sphere, Birkenmaier's study details a deep history of interdisciplinary methodology and political engagement that undergirds contemporary hemispheric approaches to cultural studies and critical race theory. Through the meticulous tracing of the formation of Latin Americanist applied cultural anthropology in the interwar years––such as in the founding of museums, the creation of journals, critical editions, excavations, conferences, and lecture series––the book's intellectual history of anthropology informs its insightful readings of both well-known and understudied texts. The writers at the center of the book, Birkenmaier argues, practiced the discipline in unique ways, relying on linguistic analysis and the study of colonial chronicles and writing in a style that "straddled the pamphlet and the scientific essay, the novel and the political speech" (144). Their fusion of humanistic and scientific approaches requires an equally interdisciplinary critical lens, which Birkenmaier––who significantly is a literary and cultural studies scholar and not an anthropologist––readily provides. Known [End Page 693] for scholarship on Caribbean literature and Latin American avant-gardes in such studies as Havana Beyond the Ruins: Cultural Mappings After 1989 (2011, co-ed. Esther Whitfield) and Alejo Carpentier y la cultura del surrealismo en América Latina (2006), which was awarded the 2007 Premio Iberoamericano from the Latin American Studies Association, Birkenmaier's recent book exhibits an innovative cultural studies approach to the intellectual history of a social science discipline. In this way, The Specter of Races pushes against an Area Studies model of Latin Americanist scholarship––in which humanities-based literature departments and social science programs are kept separate––returning to a moment of scholarly "synergy among literature, linguistics, the visual arts, anthropology, and history in regard to Latin America" (144). Perhaps surprisingly, Paul Rivet, the intellectual on which the book hinges, is also the least known of the four within Latin Americanism. Rivet's comparatist model of material cultures, or "diffusionism," through which he studied American "culture areas," greatly influenced the development of a Latin Americanist regionalist anthropology (17). Birkenmaier links Rivet's impact in Latin America to the study of Chaco indigenous people in 1930s Tucumán, Argentina by Rivet's student Alfred Métraux. The book also considers Rivet's exile in Mexico and Colombia, where politically-engaged indigenista intellectuals criticized Rivet for his tendency to relegate the study of indigenous cultures to a removed and forgotten past. Whereas Rivet is lesser known, the chapters on widely-studied writers Gilberto Freyre and Fernando Ortiz...

Zasada do ut des we współczesnym świecie. O ekonomicznych skutkach „darmowego” komunikowania, czyli więcej pytań niż odpowiedzi.

The chapter is a kind of scientific essay investigating the consequences of the ancient principle do ut des (“I give, so that you may give”). Referring to various studies carried out over the centuries, the author does not solve the dilemma: is the opening up of the wealth scissors (especially in the mo­dern world) beneficial or not? Perhaps, the humanity is approaching a new revolution which, in the opinion of its advocates, will restore the “natural order of things,” i.e. the “justice” that every poor person thinks about, whereas what they really mean is for the rich not to get “too rich.” Or, maybe it is exactly the opposite. Perhaps, the rich getting richer is in the interest of the poor, because it is the rich who come up with something that is in everyone’s interest.

The Specter of Races: Latin American Anthropology and Literature between the Wars

The Specter of Races: Latin American Anthropology and Literature between the Wars

6. La educación transformadora: un camino hacia la ciudadanía

El presente Ensayo Científico, abarca una manera depercibir a la educación como un proceso socialtransformador para los hombres que conviven en lassociedades de hoy. Donde cada sujeto que forma y quese forma dentro de un ámbito escolar determinado,tiene el compromiso de demostrarse y demostrarmediante sus pensamientos, palabras y obras, un nivelde sentido crítico que permita consolidarla esencia del“ser humano social”. En correspondencia, el propósitofundamental de este texto, es mostrar al maestro comola figura principal para encaminar a las nuevasgeneraciones hacia la búsqueda y fortalecimiento deprincipios y valores de ciudadanía, siendo éstosaspectos fundamentales para toda práctica pedagógicay para la favorable cotidianidad social. Dicha posturada base para presentar la importancia de aplicar lametodología del “Aprendizaje de Servicio” para laEducación Básica, enmarcado en la responsabilidad ysensibilidad social como formas para

Editorial

Mètode Science Studies Journal is a rare bird. Its pages want to reconcile the latest advances in research and the review of each particular science; mixes science communication and excellence research. It focuses on the intersection between academic research, scientific essay and science popularisation. As a matter of fact, its readers are not only experts, not even scientists in a broad sense, but anyone who tries to keep abreast of scientific news and wants to reflect on the challenges of contemporary culture. The quality standard awarded by Scopus, as well as other indexes, guarantees that our path – which we walk almost alone, since similar editorial projects are scarce – remains on track. We live in a world where the progress of science and technology goes faster and faster, where the need to reflect on their scope and impact turns more and more decisive every day. This issue of Mètode Science Studies Journal collects essential topics in current scientific research, such as the secrets of neuroscience, the connection between science and ideology, gender issues related to scientific research and violent dynamics in our universe. All in all, Mètode Science Studies Journal delves on the great problems of current research from its characteristic transversality, together with the contributions of artists to provide the last touch of beauty and exclusivity.Martí Domínguez. Editor-in-Chief of Mètode SSJ. University of Valencia (Spain).

Analysis of Unity and Coherence in Writing Scientific Essay at the Fifth Semester Students of English Department FKIP UNILAK 2016/2017 Academic Year.

This research is based on the needs to analyze and evaluate students’ ability in applying unity and coherence aspect in a scientific essay. This is because unity and coherence aspect become important thing in a paragraph, essay, or other kinds of composition. This research aims at analyzing students’ ability in applying unity and coherence aspect in a scientific essay. 52 students at semester 5in 2016/2017 academic year of English Education Department Faculty of Teachers Training and Education University of Lancang Kuning were the participants in this study. Test and interview were used to collect the data. The data from the test was analyzed by using scoring rubric and the data from the interview was explained descriptively. The result showed that the students’ ability in applying unity and coherence was categorized into good level. The students’ average score was 74.9. Furthermore, from the interview, it can be stated that students were able to write an essay well with good unity and coherence. It was basically influenced by good understanding about unity and coherence. Then, the students did writing practice at leisure time more and more. In conclusion, it can be stated that the students’ ability in applying unity and coherence in writing a scientific essay is in good level with average score 74.9.

Uvodnik

The new scientific journal, Miscellanea Hadriatica et Mediterranea, published by the Department of History at the University of Zadar, is focused on multidisciplinary scientific analysis of the historical processes occurring in the Adriatic and Mediterranean and spanning from prehistory to the modern age. Accordingly, even though the first number has predominantly historical papers, this journal is opened to all scientific art-historian, archaeological, linguistic and architectural essays as well as politological and juridical reviews and scientific analyses of numerous other cognate topics dealing with Adriatic and Mediterranean. At the same time, scholarly papers are not limited to the expanse of those important seas but similarly should extend their interest to the coastal and deep hinterland areas with ties to the Adriatic and Mediterranean. Hence, this new journal, in collaboration with similar publications by other departments at the University of Zadar, is a worthy successor of the previous scientific journal Radovi Filozofskog fakulteta u Zadru. Razdio povijesnih znanosti, which was, under that name, published for the last time in its fortieth issue (no. 27), published in Zadar in 2001 [2003]. The scientific historical research and the results achieved through the creation of scholarly papers have been attested in this journal to be multidisciplinary, even when the author of the paper was by its vocation “only” a historian. Global tendencies, especially in modern times, have proven that a branch of science cannot remain in the “traditional” thematic-methodological boundaries; to clarify, modern history and its research are inconceivable without the multidisciplinary approach. Therefore, recognition of other scientific research in relatively cognate sciences and scientific disciplines is in touch with modern tendencies within the historical science, which can only prosper in knowledge, content and methodology through that interaction. The Adriatic-Mediterranean connection is not coincidental; on the contrary, it is intended to draw attention on the fact that the history of the Adriatic is difficult to comprehend unless it is seen in the context of the Mediterranean. The Adriatic has been for millennia, either through culture, trade or knowledge and science, one of the shortest routes between Europe and Africa or Asia, both with their developed cultures, and with trading centres dealing in, for the Europeans, extremely sought out merchandise. New ideas and new knowledge circulated on that route, along with the numerous military forces and empires, which held it under their control for shorter or longer periods of time. Quite often the process was reversed: Greek colonisation of the Mediterranean and Adriatic in one direction was followed by later expansion of Venice and Normans in the other direction. Unfortunately, despite the continued research by scientists from different countries, a lot still remains undiscovered. In example, how much do we truly know about the grandiose Arab achievements during the Middle Ages or perhaps about the actual Norman influence in the Mediterranean and the Adriatic? This journal is therefore dedicated to this and many other clusters of various historical problems, which can be identified, at least to some degree, in the current populations inhabiting the coastal and deep hinterland areas of the Adriatic and the Mediterranean. In order to reach international readers, the journal is from the start published in two languages, Croatian and one international language, and accordingly welcomes associates from all sides of the world.

To the 120th anniversary of A.L. Chizhevsky’s birth

Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky (1897–1964) is the founder of heliobiology. This paper is presented as a scientific essay and is dedicated to the memory of Chizhevsky. We briefly discuss an unusual aspect of heliobiology. It is closely related to the question as to whether living organisms are macroscopic quantum objects. There is no scientifically grounded answer to the question, but many scientists are inclined to give a positive answer based on indirect evidence. The project of biophysical experiment using an original device for excitation of the field of vector potential is described in the hope that in future such types of experiments will make it possible to clarify the question.

Bioresorbable vascular scaffolds: clinical experience of the Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy

The bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BRS) technology constitutes the new revolution of the coronary artery disease interventional treatment. Currently, three distinct types of BRSs are available but only one, the Absorb BVS, was on the market in 2013 when the Regional Commission for Medical Devices and the Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery Commission of the Emilia-Romagna Region drew up a technical and scientific essay to provide guidance for the introduction of BRS in public and affiliated health facilities. Five preferential indications were given for use: long coronary lesions (>28 mm), ostial lesions (left main stem excluded), complete revascularization in patients aged <50 years, diffuse disease (>40 mm) or involving the mid/distal left anterior descending (LAD) branch in patients <70 years, spontaneous coronary artery dissection. This survey analyzed data from all the catheterization laboratories in the Emilia-Romagna Region, merged in a unified database. In a 3-year study period, 546 BRS were implanted in 328 patients, corresponding to 1.5% of the drug-eluting stents (DES) used, with a trend towards a progressive increase over time. Initial indications were followed in 200/328 (61.0%) patients (about one third fitting more indications), mainly for treatment of long lesions in vessels >2.5 mm (67%), young patients (31.5%) and mid/distal LAD (28%). In 22.6% of cases the clinical scenario was a ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, in 39.3% a non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. Intracoronary imaging was infrequently used (intravascular ultrasound in 24.7% of cases). In 85 patients (25.9%) a hybrid procedure (BVS/DES) was performed. BRS use has resulted lower than expected, with discrete variability among centers, but according to the initial indications of the Emilia-Romagna Region in the majority of cases. The underuse might have been due to operators' caution in their initial experience. However, the increasing trend may reveal a greater confidence in the implantation technique and the whole amount of safety and efficacy data.

К 120-летию со дня рождения А.Л. Чижевского

Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky (1897–1964) is the founder of heliobiology. This paper is presented as a scientific essay and is dedicated to the memory of Chizhevsky. We briefly discuss an unusual aspect of heliobiology. It is closely related to the question whether living organisms are macroscopic quantum objects. There is no scientifically grounded answer to the question, but many scientists are inclined to give a positive answer based on indirect evidence. The project of biophysical experiment using an original device for excitation of the field of vector potential is described in the hope that in future such types of experiments will make it possible to clarify the question.