Scientific Essay Research Articles

The Construction of Customary Law In The Bedolan Tradition in The Wedding Ceremony of Banjararjo People Village, Ayah Subdistrict, Kebumen City Based on Islamic Law

A wedding ceremony is a very important event for Javanese people. In a wedding, there are two receptions held. The activities are organized by the bride's family and the groom's family. Each activity contained in the wedding has a different ceremonial procession. This ceremony sticks to the rule book (pakem), the procedure or implementation of this tradition not only shows the value of beauty but also contains the philosophical meaning of each series of traditional ceremonies. The purpose of writing this scientific essay is to explore and examine the nature of the wedding procession based on factual events held in Banjararjo Village, Ayah Subdistrict, Kebumen Regency and see the phenomenon based on Urf review. The research method used is fieldwork, observation, and interviews, with a normative juridical approach with Urf theory. The results of this study indicate that the marriage tradition in Banjararjo Village is very close in upholding the existence of Javanese traditions and culture in the marriage procession, one of the series of ceremonies is the Bedolan tradition or commonly referred to as Ngunduh Mantu, this is in line with the theory of al-adah muhakkamah which has been going on dark ancestors.

Orca reproduction in captivity: A review of the science, ethics and welfare concerns

Orca whales, also known as killer whales, are highly social and intelligent animals that have captured the public’s fascination for decades. However, the use of orca whales in marine parks and aquariums for human entertainment has sparked controversy about their welfare and ethical considerations. Captive breeding programs have been developed for several marine species, including orca whales, to ensure their survival. However, captive orca reproduction is a contentious topic due to the potential health and welfare concerns for the animals. In this scientific essay, we review the reproductive biology of orca whales in captivity, the health and welfare concerns associated with captivity, and the ethical considerations of keeping these intelligent and social animals in captivity for human entertainment. Our review highlights the need for continued research to improve the welfare of captive orcas and the conservation efforts of wild populations.

Exploitation and exploration in text evolution. Quantifying planning and translation flows during writing.

Writing is a complex process at the center of much of modern human activity. Despite appearing to be a linear process, writing conceals many highly non-linear processes. Previous research has focused on three phases of writing: planning, translation and transcription, and revision. While research has shown these are non-linear, they are often treated linearly when measured. Here, we introduce measures to detect and quantify subcycles of planning (exploration) and translation (exploitation) during the writing process. We apply these to a novel dataset that recorded the creation of a text in all its phases, from early attempts to the finishing touches on a final version. This dataset comes from a series of writing workshops in which, through innovative versioning software, we were able to record all the steps in the construction of a text. 61 junior researchers in science wrote a scientific essay intended for a general readership. We recorded each essay as a writing cloud, defined as a complex topological structure capturing the history of the essay itself. Through this unique dataset of writing clouds, we expose a representation of the writing process that quantifies its complexity and the writer's efforts throughout the draft and through time. Interestingly, this representation highlights the phases of "translation flow", where authors improve existing ideas, and exploration, where creative deviations appear as the writer returns to the planning phase. These turning points between translation and exploration become rarer as the writing process progresses and the author approaches the final version. Our results and the new measures introduced have the potential to foster the discussion about the non-linear nature of writing and support the development of tools that can lead to more creative and impactful writing processes.

Manajemen Supervisi Kepala Sekolah terhadap Kinerja Guru pada SMP Islam Terpadu Permata Gemilang BSD Kota Tangerang Selatan


 Talking about education cannot be separated from the term quality. The quality indicator itself can be measured by supervision activities that can be carried out by the principal as the head of the institution in the school he leads. The role of the school principal is being able to make breakthroughs in terms of managing teacher performance and to increase teacher professionalism. The research chosen by the author is library research or library research, namely research that utilizes library sources which is carried out by tracing and examining primary and secondary literature on books on academic supervision, the role of the school principal, building a climate of cooperation and other scientific essays. The success of school principals and school committees in improving teacher performance is very dependent on management supervision which includes the stages of preparation, implementation, evaluation and follow-up. The ability of school principals to build a climate of good cooperation with school committees will make it easier for their institutions to achieve common policies and goals in terms of controlling the quality of education in their institutions on an ongoing basis. This article aims to describe the management of school principals' academic supervision and to analyze the role of school principals and school committees in improving teacher performance.
 Keywords: academic supervision management, teacher performance

Эпоха – новый факультет (из истории факультета иностранных языков и регионоведения МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова)

In the genre of a scientific essay, memoirs from the history of Faculty of Foreign Languages of Lomonosov Moscow State University (later the Faculty of Foreign Languages and Regional Studies) and innovations in the field of teaching foreign languages. We describe a fundamental revolution in the field of learning and teaching foreign languages, or foreign language education in post-Soviet Russia, which required the development of a completely new program for teaching foreign languages, meeting new social requirements and tasks and paying special attention to the language training of non-philologists. Information is provided on the subject “The World of the Language Being Learned”, which was the first step towards the introduction and development of the academic discipline “Intercultural Communication”, which still occupies its place in the curriculum of the faculty, unique training courses: “England and English”, “Italy and Italians”, “Russia and the Russians”. Information about the emergence of a new specialty in Russia “Linguistics and Intercultural Communication” and the first textbook “Language and Intercultural Communication”, which was repeatedly retaken and published in Georgian and Kazakh, are presented. It is substantiated that the emergence of the specialization “Area Studies of Russia” allowed Lomonosov Moscow State University to play the role of the flagship of Russian education again.

Традиционное деревенское приданое к свадьбе как компонент народной культуры (этнолингвистический взгляд)

This study presents an ethnolinguistic view of one of the components of the family cycle of rural folk culture. The purpose of this paper is to represent the long-term preparation and components of a wedding dowry, which was considered traditional at the beginning and middle of the 20th century in the village of Vysokoye Talovsky District, Voronezh Region, and to describe the corresponding vocabulary. The research included following methods: interviewing, observation, description and analysis. During the survey, it was found that everything related to the girl's village property reflects the original views and attitudes of the local residents of their time. They prove a certain conservatism of the values of the wedding ceremony of the last century. The scientific essay shows in detail the integral parts of the inheritance to be transferred to the marrying woman: furniture, interior items, bedding, clothes and shoes. The composition of the dialect is represented by common, outdated, colloquial, vernacular and dialectal lexemes. The novelty of the research owes to the fact that it describes for the first time a peculiar set of the bride's dowry in a small village society, which has no analogue distribution in nearby settlements. The practical significance of the study is that it introduces interesting ethnographic and dialectal materials demonstrating tradition in its original manifestation in the Russian outback.

Students’ approaches to scientific essay writing as an educational method in higher education: A mixed methods study

PurposeTo describe students' approaches to essay writing as part of their academic studies. As a theoretical framework Lavelle's five approaches was used. MethodsA descriptive study with a mixed methods design. Two questionnaires to the same student group, early (n = 39) and at the end (n = 37) of their studies, and three focus group interviews (n = 19) were conducted. The participants were nurses, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, social workers, and teachers who were part of a master's degree programme at an institute of health sciences at a university in Norway. ResultsMostly, the students took an impulsive and unplanned approach to essay writing. However, the students affirmed that essays were a method in which they could combine their theoretical knowledge and clinical experiences. When writing essays in groups, the students developed more reflective and critical thinking than when they wrote alone. The teacher's role was more of a supervisor than a traditional teacher. Four categories of Lavelle's writing approaches were found namely, spontaneous-impulsive, elaborative, reflective revisionist, and procedural, of which the spontaneous-impulsive and elaborative categories were most prominent. ConclusionsApproaches to essay writing can be developed in a more reflective and critical way among students in higher education and the teacher's role can be developed into more of a supervisor than a traditional teacher. Higher education is an arena for building a relationship between theory and practice and using academic essay writing as a method can promote this process.

SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE WRITING TRAINING FOR HIGH SCHOOL ECONOMICS MGMP TEACHERS IN BOJONEGORO REGENCY

The issuance of Minister of State Apparatus Utilization and Bureaucratic Reform regulation No. 16 of 2009 concerning functional positions of teachers and their credit scores requires teachers who wish to be promoted as of October 2013 to carry out ongoing professional development activities in the form of writing scientific essays and publishing their scientific work. Unfortunately, not all public or private teachers know the procedures and rules for making good writing that can fit in a journal that has a minimum ISSN. For some teachers, scientific work is an obstacle in various ways. Even though the ability to write scientific papers is a must for a professional teacher, both in career advancement and in increasing knowledge and intellect that a teacher must have in the learning process. This PkM aims to increase teachers' knowledge and understanding of scientific articles, assist teachers in writing and publishing scientific articles in national or international journals. This PkM is divided into several methods, namely (1) the preparation stage, which begins with preparing all training needs in the form of training materials and other equipment that supports the training and discusses the schedule for implementing activities and detailed job descriptions for each member of the PkM team; (2) The implementation stage, which includes the schedule for implementing activities and the information delivery stage, where the material presented is general and theoretical in nature. The results of the implementation of PkM for SMA Economics MGMP teachers in Bojonegoro Regency were concluded to be successful. This is indicated by 90% of participants feeling the benefit of participating in this scientific article writing training. The result of this dedication is that participants understand the importance of writing scientific articles, and are able to publish their articles in reputable journals

The Civil War Letters of Dr. Daniel Garrison Brinton, Surgeon in Charge at the US Army General Hospital in Quincy

The Civil War Letters of Dr. Daniel Garrison Brinton, Surgeon in Charge at the US Army General Hospital in Quincy

The market–society–policy nexus in sustainable agriculture

AbstractIntensive agriculture has led to several environmental impacts, such as soil erosion, water scarcity, and pesticide pollution. Despite the increasing research advocating greener agriculture, the transition into sustainable agriculture practices has been slower than expected. Then, why are we stuck in this transition? In this scientific essay, we aimed to answer this question not only by analyzing agricultural systems but also by the associated actors. Specifically, this scientific essay analyzed and discussed how agricultural systems integrate with the surrounding market, society, and policies. We made a literature review of the impacts of intensive agriculture on global change and an analysis of greener agricultural systems. Then, we analyzed how the market, society, and policies can influence the transition from intensive agriculture to greener agricultural systems. In addition, we complement that literature review with a survey made in Chile. Our analysis highlighted ecological intensification (EI) as the most promising production system in terms of sustainability. However, the most sustainable was not necessarily the most supported by the market and society. We found a disconnection between consumers' environmental concerns and what they support when buying foodstuff. Our survey showed that most people are aware of soil degradation and high-water consumption, but above all, they want pesticide-free and organic food attributes. The literature review and survey results suggested how policies can break the status quo of intensive agriculture predominance. Thus, we propose a market–society–policy nexus to promote sustainable agriculture. Our suggestions are: (1) Policies should support sustainable agricultural systems at the landscape level to safeguard the ecological processes involved in agricultural production. (2) Markets should standardize eco-labels, improve clarity in foodstuff information, and relate environmental benefits to consumer benefits. (3) A subsidy on sustainable food is needed to keep the regular market prices and attract new consumers, at least in the early stages.

Reimagining Assessment in a Large Lecture: An Alternative Approach Inspired by Thomas Jefferson and Maria Montessori

In large lecture courses, it can be challenging to imagine assessing student learning in ways other than multiple-choice exams and traditional point-based grading. Inspired by major pedagogical principles shared by Maria Montessori and Thomas Jefferson and supported by current understandings of effective teaching, assessment was reimagined in a large introductory-level child psychology course to allow for free choice and active engagement. Instead of exams, students created a short scientific essay each week on what most interested them; essays were assessed using a short rubric and sampling techniques. Instead of traditional point-based grading, specifications grading was used. These changes, dubbed the JeffMonte method, were associated with better student performance, were received positively by students, and increased instructor satisfaction.

IMPLEMENTASI PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN KOMPETENSI ABAD 21 SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR

This study aims to determine the form of implementation of the scientific approach to developing 21st-century competence of elementary school students. The technique used in this research is qualitative with the literature study method. The data obtained are sourced from scientific books, research reports, scientific essays, theses and dissertations, regulations, and written sources, both printed and electronic, that are relevant to the research objectives. The results showed that the scientific approach developed critical thinking and problem-solving skills, creativity and innovation, communication, and collaboration in elementary school students. The development of essential thinking competence is applied in argument analysis and evaluation activities. The result of creative thinking competence tends to be encouraged by the school environment, for example, through work independence, stimulation, and utilization of surrounding objects. Communication competence can be developed through role-playing activities and productive language activities. Then, the development of collaboration competencies can be carried out by working on group project activities. Thus, the scientific approach is considered ideal to be applied in learning activities to develop 21st-century skills of elementary school students.

The Natural Philosophical Essay—Reflections on a Genre

ABSTRACT The article reflects on the natural scientific variant of the philosophical essay, with discussions of the essays of James Clerk Marxwell, Steven Jay Gould, and Carlo Rovelli. It suggests that the natural scientific essay is an important source of the philosophical essay eclipsed by the prominence of the essay form in art and literary criticism. It assesses the role of chance and improvisation in the natural scientific essay and considers its potential as an avenue both of scientific research and of the wider dissemination of scientific thought.

ENGLISH LEXICAL BUNDLES IN THE GRADUATE THESES: THE FREQUENCY, STRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION

Lexical bundles are one of the important characteristics of academic discourse which tell readers to know whether the writer is professional or novice. Inevitably, studies on lexical bundles in scientific essays are important to do. This study identifies the most frequent, structural characteristics, and the functional categorization of lexical bundles in the Master Theses in Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL), specifically in the Findings and Discussion section. There were 651.083 words from 74 different theses compiled to create the corpus by using Antconc 3.5.8. The results found 117 different lexical bundles and the sequences ‘the result of the’ and ‘on the other hand’ dominate the section. Noun phrase + of structure which covers one third of overall forms in the corpus were the most lexical bundles’ structural types in the findings and discussion section followed by other noun phrase structures (22% out of overall bundles). Functionally, research-oriented bundles (45% of overall bundles) were the most frequent ones followed by text-oriented (40%) and the least frequent bundles were participant-oriented. Reported findings are further discussed with related theories.

An Evolutionary Approach to the Research of Speculative Historiosophy and Its Possible Influences on the Research of the Social Sciences and Humanities

This study aims to recall the ideas and activities in the field of an evolutionary approach to the research of speculative historiosophy and its possible influences on the research of the social sciences and humanities. The research is in the form of a scientific essay in which different concepts are analyzed. The main points in the essay are: “Genetics” and “What is the role of the humanities and social sciences? Is their existence really pointless?” The essay ends with conclusions: the “social sciences” – the areas of research must be assisted by evolutionary explanations in order to understand the source of the creation of their objects of research in their attempt to analyze the behavior of a person/society and create a better social order for human society.

OVERVIEW OF COMMUNITY STIGMA AND SELF-STIGMA RELATED TO HIV AND AIDS

Stigma causes PLWHA to experience obstacles in the treatment and care process because people living with stigmatized health conditions are confined to live in the same society, but are still moved and experience their own stigma. Stigma has two understanding points of view, namely community stigma and self-stigma. The stigma of society towards PLWHA occurs at various levels, starting from the family, community, institutional environment, and the mass media. Self stigma (self stigma) is a crisis from people who are stigmatized to apply the stigma to themselves. The general objective is to provide an overview of various cases of stigma against PLWHA from a community perspective and self-stigma. Analysis of this paper is carried out through literature review by examining written sources such as scientific journals, reference books, literature, encyclopedias, scientific essays, and other reliable sources either in written form or in relevant digital formats without going directly to the field. This paper is expected to provide benefits and input, as well as a consideration for decision makers in order to review and determine various policies related to the handling of stigma against PLWHA

EFEKTIVITAS TEKNIK MIND MAP DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MENULIS KARANGAN ILMIAH SISWA

Learning to write scientific essays is an important part of the Indonesian language curriculum because students must be active writers who pay attention to the rules and realm of writing. Students' difficulties in determining topics, expressing ideas in scientific writings, arranging effective sentences, and writing Indonesian spelling errors motivated the research. Furthermore, writing scientific essays is not an easy task for students because it necessitates a great deal of practice in order for students to become accustomed to writing scientific essays in accordance with the provisions. The goal of this study was to describe the efficacy of this experimental type of research, which was conducted on class XII students at SMK Negeri 5 Batam using test research instruments and questionnaires. According to the findings of the data analysis and discussion, there is an effective mind map technique on students' scientific essay writing skills because t hit = 3.61 while t tabel = 1.661 means t hit> t tabel with dk = 76. Second, the result score of scientific essay writing skills of students with high learning motivation who are taught using mind mapping techniques is higher than the result score of students with high learning motivation who are taught using conventional methods because t hit = 1,865, whereas t _table = 1.729 at the significant level with = 0.05 and dk = 37. Third, students with low learning motivation who are taught using mind mapping techniques have higher scientific essay writing skills than students who are taught using conventional methods because t hit= 3.563, while t tabel = 1.721 at the significant level with = 0.05 and dk = 31. Fourth, F 3 F table (0.30 1.53) is not t for interaction = 0.05. There is an interaction between the mind map technique and students' motivation to learn Indonesian language learning outcomes for SMK Negeri 5 Batam class XII students.

Perkembangan Pendidikan IPS di Indonesia pada Tingkat Sekolah Dasar

Social Sciences Education is a study of the social sciences and humanities that aims to improve citizens' abilities. The social studies disciplines in Indonesia are aimed at helping students gain information, awareness, and analytical skills regarding a society's social conditions as they prepare to enter a dynamic society. The foundation of social studies is reality and social phenomena, which are achieved through an interdisciplinary approach from many social science areas. Over time, social studies education in elementary schools has undergone various developments and curriculum changes. In Indonesia, social science education was introduced in 1975 and used the 1975–2006 curriculum. With the materials separately, the development and renewal of the curriculum took place so as to create the 2013 curriculum, which packs social studies education materials in an integrated manner. These changes and developments aim to improve the quality of Indonesian education and create students who can think critically in order to meet the challenges of the times so that they can compete globally. The author collects data through a literature review in order to write this scientific essay. It is intended that by writing this article, the author will be able to describe the evolution of social studies education in Indonesia at the primary school level, as well as the advantages of the many curricula utilized.

PERANCANGAN USER INTERFACE SISTEM INFORMASI E-REPOSITORY KARYA ILMIAH PADA AKADEMI KEPERAWATAN BAITURRAHMAH PADANG BERBASIS WEB

This study aims to produce a user interface for scientific work repository information systems that are useful for facilitating the Baiturahmah Nursing Academy in searching for scientific work references online. Scientific works are scientific essays that present general facts and are written according to the correct writing methodology and the truth can be proven, the opinions in scientific works are always accompanied by supporting evidence, for that the process of storing scientific works can be arranged in a structured manner. The management of scientific works from the Baiturrahmah Nursing Academy community is currently still manual, the process to access scientific works is done by borrowing directly from the library. The method used in this research is the Waterfall Model System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and system design tools using the UML model. While the programming language and database design used the PHP programming language and MySQL database. The results of this study are a scientific work repository application that can be accessed online which provides convenience in the process of storing scientific papers, making it easier for the Baiturrahmah Nursing Academy to find references for writing scientific papers.

Sustainable Rural Development and Digitalization: Legal Aspect

This article is devoted to digitalization in agrarian law as one of the important branches of jurisprudence. Along with other branches of law, agrarian law contributes to the life of the state. In this regard, the purpose of the scientific work, this scientific essay, is to further study the relationship between the designated branch of Russian law and these modern technologies, which are not only the Internet, but also various programs, legal reference systems, and other similar products of human activity. Based on the objectives, the author in this text provides an analysis of the methods of application of these technologies, shows their role in the functioning of local rural administrations as important links in the agricultural sector. Since the agricultural sector is not only directly objects where agricultural products are produced. Among them are fields, gardens, farms, summer cottages, meadows and other objects. These are also the territories where the rural population lives, the authorities that manage these territorial entities. In addition, the relevant relations where digitalization is involved are analyzed. This is, in particular, municipal service in rural authorities. In general, the essay gives an appropriate idea of the mechanism of application of digital technologies in the agrarian law of the branch of Russian law, aims at further analysis of relations in these areas of human activity, which in the future will bring the necessary fruits.